Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11457
Olufemi Adebari Oloyede, Mustafa Adelaja Lamina
Background: The study aims to establish the pattern of fetal heart rates in the first and second trimesters and determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the first-trimester fetal heart rate (FHR) of males and females. Methods: This retrospective observational research is a study of FHRs measured at 11+0–13+6 wk and 18+0–23+6 wk, and ultrasound scan-diagnosed fetal sex at 18+0–23+6 wk. Singleton fetuses with nonambiguous external genitalia were recruited. The FHR was measured in B or M mode with Pulsed Wave Doppler, while ultrasound appearance of external genitalia determined the fetal sex at 18+0–23+6 wk. Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 2437 pregnancies meeting the study criteria were analyzed. The fetal sexes were 1398 (57.4%) males and 1039 (42.6%) females. There was no statistically significant difference in the first-trimester FHR between males and females (p = 0.74). However, females had higher mean FHR in both the first and second trimesters (First trimester: 165.4 ± 18.2 bpm vs 163.2 ± 17.1 bpm and Second trimester: 150.9 ±22.6 bpm vs 141.9 ±23.1 bpm). The FHR reduces with the increase in gestational age. Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in the first-trimester FHRs between sexes.
{"title":"Statistically Significant Difference in the First-trimester Fetal Heart Rate between Genders?","authors":"Olufemi Adebari Oloyede, Mustafa Adelaja Lamina","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11457","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The study aims to establish the pattern of fetal heart rates in the first and second trimesters and determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the first-trimester fetal heart rate (FHR) of males and females. \u0000Methods: This retrospective observational research is a study of FHRs measured at 11+0–13+6 wk and 18+0–23+6 wk, and ultrasound scan-diagnosed fetal sex at 18+0–23+6 wk. Singleton fetuses with nonambiguous external genitalia were recruited. The FHR was measured in B or M mode with Pulsed Wave Doppler, while ultrasound appearance of external genitalia determined the fetal sex at 18+0–23+6 wk. Student’s t-test and Chi-square test were used for data analysis, and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. \u0000Results: A total of 2437 pregnancies meeting the study criteria were analyzed. The fetal sexes were 1398 (57.4%) males and 1039 (42.6%) females. There was no statistically significant difference in the first-trimester FHR between males and females (p = 0.74). However, females had higher mean FHR in both the first and second trimesters (First trimester: 165.4 ± 18.2 bpm vs 163.2 ± 17.1 bpm and Second trimester: 150.9 ±22.6 bpm vs 141.9 ±23.1 bpm). The FHR reduces with the increase in gestational age. \u0000Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in the first-trimester FHRs between sexes.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129203943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11456
Tousief Irshad Ahmed, Ruqaya Aziz
Background: The thyroid gland secretes hormones crucial for growth, differentiation, regulation of metabolic processes, and homeostasis. In response to underactivity of this gland, the pituitary secretes thyrotropin, also known as the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Medication for thyroid hypofunction is usually started when TSH levels exceed 10 mIU/L. However, we hypothesize that TSH levels much below this therapeutic threshold level may herald significant renal and hepatic dysfunction. The present study was thus conducted to assess liver and kidney function parameters in cases having TSH in the subclinical range with particular focus on the therapeutically neglected (6.5–8 mIU/L) range. Methods: Hospital laboratory archives of 297 adults with laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism, that is, TSH > 6.5 mIU/L, were retrieved and compared with data obtained from 430 euthyroid hospital controls, that is, TSH < 2.5 mIU/L, also from the same period. The thyroid profile and clinical chemistry analyses were performed on Beckman Coulter’s UniCel DxI 800 and AU 5800, respectively. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the results. Results: Significant differences in triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), TSH, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein (TP), and liver enzymes were observed between cases with TSH > 6.5 mIU/L and controls (P < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in T4, TSH, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, albumin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among cases with TSH in the range of 6.5–8 mIU/L when compared with controls (P < 0.05). A correlation of T3 with TSH, urea, and creatinine was seen (P < 0.05). No correlations between TSH and other clinical chemistry parameters could be observed. However, in the 6.5–8 mIU/L subgroup, correlation of TSH was seen with TP and albumin only. Conclusion: Authors found that, as a rule, subtle renal and hepatic dysfunction were established in cases with TSH levels <8 mIU/L, which was below the typical “therapeutic cut-off” of 10 mIU/L. Accordingly, we advocate against incautiousness and suggest regular monitoring, especially in the 6.5–8 mIU/L range.
{"title":"Association of TSH Levels in the Therapeutically Neglected Range of 6.5–8 mIU/L with Significant Changes in Liver and Kidney Function: A Retrospective Study of the Kashmiri Population","authors":"Tousief Irshad Ahmed, Ruqaya Aziz","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11456","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The thyroid gland secretes hormones crucial for growth, differentiation, regulation of metabolic processes, and homeostasis. In response to underactivity of this gland, the pituitary secretes thyrotropin, also known as the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Medication for thyroid hypofunction is usually started when TSH levels exceed 10 mIU/L. However, we hypothesize that TSH levels much below this therapeutic threshold level may herald significant renal and hepatic dysfunction. The present study was thus conducted to assess liver and kidney function parameters in cases having TSH in the subclinical range with particular focus on the therapeutically neglected (6.5–8 mIU/L) range. \u0000Methods: Hospital laboratory archives of 297 adults with laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism, that is, TSH > 6.5 mIU/L, were retrieved and compared with data obtained from 430 euthyroid hospital controls, that is, TSH < 2.5 mIU/L, also from the same period. The thyroid profile and clinical chemistry analyses were performed on Beckman Coulter’s UniCel DxI 800 and AU 5800, respectively. SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the results. \u0000Results: Significant differences in triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), TSH, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, total protein (TP), and liver enzymes were observed between cases with TSH > 6.5 mIU/L and controls (P < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in T4, TSH, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin, albumin and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) among cases with TSH in the range of 6.5–8 mIU/L when compared with controls (P < 0.05). A correlation of T3 with TSH, urea, and creatinine was seen (P < 0.05). No correlations between TSH and other clinical chemistry parameters could be observed. However, in the 6.5–8 mIU/L subgroup, correlation of TSH was seen with TP and albumin only. \u0000Conclusion: Authors found that, as a rule, subtle renal and hepatic dysfunction were established in cases with TSH levels <8 mIU/L, which was below the typical “therapeutic cut-off” of 10 mIU/L. Accordingly, we advocate against incautiousness and suggest regular monitoring, especially in the 6.5–8 mIU/L range.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125596552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11454
A. Babahajian, P. Sharifi, Woria Babahajiani, Seyvan Vafaii, V. Yousefinejad, Serveh Babahajiani, B. Mohsenpour, R. Nasiri Kalmarzi, Mohammad Aziz Rasouli, Masoomeh Souri
Background: West Nile virus is an infection that is most commonly caused by infected mosquito bites, however, blood transfusions, organ transplants, breast feeding, pregnant mother-to-the-fetus transmission, and occupational transmission among laboratory and medical staff are also the less common routes of infection. Given the endemic nature of this virus in the Middle East, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of this virus in regular blood donors, as the reliable source of blood supply needed for patients in hospitals. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, venous blood samples were collected from 259 regular blood donors referred to the Blood Transfusion Organization of Kurdistan. After separating blood serum, the amount of IgM and IgG antibodies against West Nile virus was measured via ELISA test. Results: Concerning antibodies, IgG and IgM against West Nile virus were positive in 14 patients (5.4%) and 3 patients (1.2%), respectively. Seropositive IgG levels were observed in 11 patients over the age of 40 (12.5%) but only in 3 patients under 40 years of age (1.8%). The difference was statistically significant (OR = 7.95; 95% CI: 2.16–29.32; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Given the value of blood and blood products obtained from regular blood donors for therapeutic purposes and the significant prevalence of the virus and considering the presence of cases with positive IgM, it seems necessary to screen blood donors in blood transfusion centers in the western parts of Iran.
{"title":"Seroprevalence of West Nile Virus in Regular Blood Donors Referred to the Blood Bank of Kurdistan Province, Iran","authors":"A. Babahajian, P. Sharifi, Woria Babahajiani, Seyvan Vafaii, V. Yousefinejad, Serveh Babahajiani, B. Mohsenpour, R. Nasiri Kalmarzi, Mohammad Aziz Rasouli, Masoomeh Souri","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11454","url":null,"abstract":"Background: West Nile virus is an infection that is most commonly caused by infected mosquito bites, however, blood transfusions, organ transplants, breast feeding, pregnant mother-to-the-fetus transmission, and occupational transmission among laboratory and medical staff are also the less common routes of infection. Given the endemic nature of this virus in the Middle East, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of this virus in regular blood donors, as the reliable source of blood supply needed for patients in hospitals. \u0000Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, venous blood samples were collected from 259 regular blood donors referred to the Blood Transfusion Organization of Kurdistan. After separating blood serum, the amount of IgM and IgG antibodies against West Nile virus was measured via ELISA test. \u0000Results: Concerning antibodies, IgG and IgM against West Nile virus were positive in 14 patients (5.4%) and 3 patients (1.2%), respectively. Seropositive IgG levels were observed in 11 patients over the age of 40 (12.5%) but only in 3 patients under 40 years of age (1.8%). The difference was statistically significant (OR = 7.95; 95% CI: 2.16–29.32; p < 0.01). \u0000Conclusion: Given the value of blood and blood products obtained from regular blood donors for therapeutic purposes and the significant prevalence of the virus and considering the presence of cases with positive IgM, it seems necessary to screen blood donors in blood transfusion centers in the western parts of Iran.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134227525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11459
S. Taghipour zahir, M. Mortaz, K. Rahmani, Farzan Safi Dahaj
Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma (DIA/DIG) is a rare mixed neuronalglial solid cystic brain tumor found in infantile cerebral hemispheres. The main presentation of the tumor is the rapidly enlarging of the head circumference with hydrocephalus and seizure. DIA is classified as a WHO Grade 1 brain tumor but, due to the rarity of the tumor, few studies are available on tumor survival and prognosis. Herein, we report a 47-day-old male infant diagnosed with DIA and the four-year follow-up.
{"title":"Desmoplastic Infantile Astrocytoma in a 47-day Old Male Infant with Four-year Follow-up: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"S. Taghipour zahir, M. Mortaz, K. Rahmani, Farzan Safi Dahaj","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11459","url":null,"abstract":"Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma (DIA/DIG) is a rare mixed neuronalglial solid cystic brain tumor found in infantile cerebral hemispheres. The main presentation of the tumor is the rapidly enlarging of the head circumference with hydrocephalus and seizure. DIA is classified as a WHO Grade 1 brain tumor but, due to the rarity of the tumor, few studies are available on tumor survival and prognosis. Herein, we report a 47-day-old male infant diagnosed with DIA and the four-year follow-up.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114748717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder and cause of infertility in women of reproductive age. Knowledge of females about health problems is considered an important factor that promotes females’ health-seeking behavior. This study aimed to evaluate females’ knowledge and attitude toward PCOS as well as to assess PCOS prevalence among the participants. Methods: A total of 240 females were included in the study between January and April 2019. A convenience sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The analysis included frequencies of discrete variables and descriptors and cross-tabulation of the variables using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The results showed a low level of knowledge (scoring <9) in 41.3%, a good level (scoring between 9 and 15) in 21.3%, and also an excellent level of knowledge (scoring >15) in 37.5%. The Chi-square statistical test showed significant associations between the level of knowledge and education level, urban residence, health profession, marital status, and the prevalence of PCOS (p < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, 0.045, and <0.001), respectively. Logistic regression showed that the females’ knowledge about PCOS was significantly associated with urban residence and being a health professional (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The study highlighted that there was inadequate knowledge about the disease among participants and showed an urgent need to improve the knowledge about PCOS among Sudanese women.
{"title":"Knowledge, Prevalence and Practice of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome among Sudanese women in Khartoum State, Sudan: The need for health education","authors":"Zeinab Omer Abdelbagi, S. Badi, Musaab Ahmed, Mohamed Hassan Ahmed, Habab Khalid Elkheir","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11455","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder and cause of infertility in women of reproductive age. Knowledge of females about health problems is considered an important factor that promotes females’ health-seeking behavior. This study aimed to evaluate females’ knowledge and attitude toward PCOS as well as to assess PCOS prevalence among the participants. \u0000Methods: A total of 240 females were included in the study between January and April 2019. A convenience sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The analysis included frequencies of discrete variables and descriptors and cross-tabulation of the variables using the Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. \u0000Results: The results showed a low level of knowledge (scoring <9) in 41.3%, a good level (scoring between 9 and 15) in 21.3%, and also an excellent level of knowledge (scoring >15) in 37.5%. The Chi-square statistical test showed significant associations between the level of knowledge and education level, urban residence, health profession, marital status, and the prevalence of PCOS (p < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, 0.045, and <0.001), respectively. Logistic regression showed that the females’ knowledge about PCOS was significantly associated with urban residence and being a health professional (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively). \u0000Conclusion: The study highlighted that there was inadequate knowledge about the disease among participants and showed an urgent need to improve the knowledge about PCOS among Sudanese women.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117281418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11453
Makawi A. A. Osman, Elmutaz H. Taha, E. M. Elamin, M. Elmagzoub
Background: Epilepsy and seizure are one of the most common serious neurological disorders, and most patients either stop having seizures or less commonly die of them. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study targeting adult Sudanese patients was conducted in the EEG units of the department of physiology, faculty of medicine, and the National Ribat University. Recordings were obtained from a digital EEG machine (Medtronic pl-EEG). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Windows version 15; SPSS) was used for statistical analysis. The study's main objective was to determine the percentage of abnormal EEGs in adult Sudanese epileptic patients who were referred to the Ribat EEG unit from March 2007 to September 2010. Results: Nine hundred and fifty patients were included in this study, abnormal EEGs was seen in 54.7%, while it was normal was in 45.3%; primary generalized seizures constituted 45.5%, while focal onset seizures were collectively observed in 43.4%, other types of epilepsy counted for 11.2%. Conclusion: This study showed that males were more affected than females, abnormal EEG was maximal in the age group16–30 years. Epileptiform seizure discharges decrease with age, generalized seizure discharges were dominated seizure.
{"title":"EEGS Findings Among Adults Sudanese Subjects Presented to the National Ribat University","authors":"Makawi A. A. Osman, Elmutaz H. Taha, E. M. Elamin, M. Elmagzoub","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11453","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Epilepsy and seizure are one of the most common serious neurological disorders, and most patients either stop having seizures or less commonly die of them. \u0000Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study targeting adult Sudanese patients was conducted in the EEG units of the department of physiology, faculty of medicine, and the National Ribat University. Recordings were obtained from a digital EEG machine (Medtronic pl-EEG). The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Windows version 15; SPSS) was used for statistical analysis. The study's main objective was to determine the percentage of abnormal EEGs in adult Sudanese epileptic patients who were referred to the Ribat EEG unit from March 2007 to September 2010. \u0000Results: Nine hundred and fifty patients were included in this study, abnormal EEGs was seen in 54.7%, while it was normal was in 45.3%; primary generalized seizures constituted 45.5%, while focal onset seizures were collectively observed in 43.4%, other types of epilepsy counted for 11.2%. \u0000Conclusion: This study showed that males were more affected than females, abnormal EEG was maximal in the age group16–30 years. Epileptiform seizure discharges decrease with age, generalized seizure discharges were dominated seizure.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128958688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-24DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11452
Khadija Mahamadou, Khalid A. Awad
Background: Learning styles are circumstances beneath which learners most expeditiously and successfully understand, process, store, and recall what they are attempting to learn. The main goal of the current study was to compare different methods of study and learning style predilections amongst undergraduate MBBS students who attend public and private universities. Methods: The current study was a descriptive cross-sectional research. Data collected were obtained through a questionnaire filled by second- and third-year students in Omdurman Islamic University - OIU (public) and University of Medical Sciences and Technology – UMST (private) using systematic random sampling. Using the SPSS version 23 software, the data were analyzed and Chi-square test was used to test the significance considering the α (alpha) level of significance as 0.05. Results: The application of the Chi-square test showed that there is no relation between the a method of study used and the students’ grades (P = 0.333). The most preferred learning style in OIU was found to be Aural (60.0%), while in UMST it was read/write (57.9%). The most preferred source of studying used in OIU was found to be extracourses (private courses given outside the university), whereas in UMST it was found to be the teachers’ slides. Conclusion: The most preferred learning style for public university was found to be aural while for private university it was found to read/write. This factor must be taken into consideration while teaching sessions are being conducted. Interestingly, there was no statistical association between the study methodology and students’ grades.
{"title":"A Comparative Questionnaire-based Study on Learning Styles and Studying Resources among Undergraduate Medical Students in Public and Private Universities","authors":"Khadija Mahamadou, Khalid A. Awad","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i2.11452","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Learning styles are circumstances beneath which learners most expeditiously and successfully understand, process, store, and recall what they are attempting to learn. The main goal of the current study was to compare different methods of study and learning style predilections amongst undergraduate MBBS students who attend public and private universities. \u0000Methods: The current study was a descriptive cross-sectional research. Data collected were obtained through a questionnaire filled by second- and third-year students in Omdurman Islamic University - OIU (public) and University of Medical Sciences and Technology – UMST (private) using systematic random sampling. Using the SPSS version 23 software, the data were analyzed and Chi-square test was used to test the significance considering the α (alpha) level of significance as 0.05. \u0000Results: The application of the Chi-square test showed that there is no relation between the a method of study used and the students’ grades (P = 0.333). The most preferred learning style in OIU was found to be Aural (60.0%), while in UMST it was read/write (57.9%). The most preferred source of studying used in OIU was found to be extracourses (private courses given outside the university), whereas in UMST it was found to be the teachers’ slides. \u0000Conclusion: The most preferred learning style for public university was found to be aural while for private university it was found to read/write. This factor must be taken into consideration while teaching sessions are being conducted. Interestingly, there was no statistical association between the study methodology and students’ grades.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127445756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10685
Hagir Mohamed Eezzeldin, S. Badi, B. Yousef
Background: The irrational use of antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) may lead to increased antimicrobial resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), as well as multidrug resistance worldwide, which will limit available treatment options for UTIs caused by these organisms. This study aimed to determine the resistance pattern of E. coli causing UTIs in out-patients and in-patients of Soba University Hospital. Methods: Data were collected from the laboratory records in the Department of Microbiology in Soba Teaching Hospital by using a predesigned checklist and then analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences. Bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) was used to compare between variables. Results: Out of the 231 E. coli urine cultures, 160 (69.3%) were collected from females. The results showed high resistance to ampicillin (92.4%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (83.3%), cephalexin (90.6%), cefuroxime (72%), ceftazidime (71%), ceftriaxone (72%), ciprofloxacin (68%), and co-trimoxazole (75.3%). Collectively, around 188 (81.4%) were multidrug-resistant. On the other hand, the sensitivities of E. coli isolates were 68.8%, 93.1%, 89.4%, and 100% to gentamicin, amikacin, and carbapenems, respectively. Conclusion: The rate of E. coli resistance was observed to be high to the commonly prescribed drugs for UTIs, including ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, different cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and co-trimoxazole. However, E. coli showed lower resistance rates to nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and carbapenems. Thus, these drugs can be reserved for the empirical treatment of UTIs caused by E. coli.
{"title":"The Antibiotic Resistance and Multidrug Resistance Pattern of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli at Soba University Hospital: A Descriptive Retrospective Survey","authors":"Hagir Mohamed Eezzeldin, S. Badi, B. Yousef","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10685","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The irrational use of antibiotics for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs) may lead to increased antimicrobial resistance among uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), as well as multidrug resistance worldwide, which will limit available treatment options for UTIs caused by these organisms. This study aimed to determine the resistance pattern of E. coli causing UTIs in out-patients and in-patients of Soba University Hospital. \u0000Methods: Data were collected from the laboratory records in the Department of Microbiology in Soba Teaching Hospital by using a predesigned checklist and then analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences. Bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) was used to compare between variables. \u0000Results: Out of the 231 E. coli urine cultures, 160 (69.3%) were collected from females. The results showed high resistance to ampicillin (92.4%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (83.3%), cephalexin (90.6%), cefuroxime (72%), ceftazidime (71%), ceftriaxone (72%), ciprofloxacin (68%), and co-trimoxazole (75.3%). Collectively, around 188 (81.4%) were multidrug-resistant. On the other hand, the sensitivities of E. coli isolates were 68.8%, 93.1%, 89.4%, and 100% to gentamicin, amikacin, and carbapenems, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The rate of E. coli resistance was observed to be high to the commonly prescribed drugs for UTIs, including ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, different cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and co-trimoxazole. However, E. coli showed lower resistance rates to nitrofurantoin, amikacin, and carbapenems. Thus, these drugs can be reserved for the empirical treatment of UTIs caused by E. coli.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121119897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10690
Mohamed Osman Abdelaziz, Asma Ahmed Ziadan
Familial facial palsy is uncommon, accounting only for 4–14% of Bell's palsy cases. We report six families with single or recurrent episodes of familial facial palsy from Northern State, Sudan. The first family had two brothers with single episodes of Bell's palsy. The index case of the second family was a 19-year-old female who and nine other members of her family had a single or recurrent episodes of Bell's palsy. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth families had eight, five, four, and five members, respectively, who developed either single or recurrent episodes of Bell’s palsy. None of the index cases or other members of the six families who were examined showed evidence of facial swelling or fissured tongue suggestive of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Literature review revealed two studies on Bell's palsy from Sudan but no studies on familial facial palsy. The mode of inheritance was either autosomal dominant with variable penetrance or autosomal recessive. In the second family, there could be a possibility of autosomal recessive inheritance due to increased number of cases after consanguineous marriage. Steroids remain the mainstay of treatment together with protective eye regimens. The role of physiotherapy, although widely used, is controversial. Genetic analysis is recommended and family history should be considered in patients with Bell's palsy.
{"title":"Familial Facial Palsy: A Case Series of Six Families from the Northern State, Sudan","authors":"Mohamed Osman Abdelaziz, Asma Ahmed Ziadan","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10690","url":null,"abstract":"Familial facial palsy is uncommon, accounting only for 4–14% of Bell's palsy cases. We report six families with single or recurrent episodes of familial facial palsy from Northern State, Sudan. The first family had two brothers with single episodes of Bell's palsy. The index case of the second family was a 19-year-old female who and nine other members of her family had a single or recurrent episodes of Bell's palsy. The third, fourth, fifth, and sixth families had eight, five, four, and five members, respectively, who developed either single or recurrent episodes of Bell’s palsy. None of the index cases or other members of the six families who were examined showed evidence of facial swelling or fissured tongue suggestive of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome. Literature review revealed two studies on Bell's palsy from Sudan but no studies on familial facial palsy. The mode of inheritance was either autosomal dominant with variable penetrance or autosomal recessive. In the second family, there could be a possibility of autosomal recessive inheritance due to increased number of cases after consanguineous marriage. Steroids remain the mainstay of treatment together with protective eye regimens. The role of physiotherapy, although widely used, is controversial. Genetic analysis is recommended and family history should be considered in patients with Bell's palsy.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121638017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10682
A. Elias, Suhaila Abdalkarim, Walaa Mohammed M, Ghaliya Yahya Ali, Manal Mohammed Ahmed, Meaad Youns Khan, Hind Mousa Faqeeh, Arwa Ali Ahmed Alhazmi, Ola Hamad Ahmad, Reem Ali Jubran, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz
Background: Patient satisfaction occupies a central position in measuring the quality of care as it provides information on the provider's success, meeting the patient’s values and expectations. Hence, it is an essential tool for assessing health services outcomes. This study aimed to assess patients' satisfaction level and factors influencing healthcare quality of general hospitals in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 423 patients selected through stratified random sampling from general hospitals of the Jazan region. Results: The overall satisfaction rate among the study participants was 80.9%. Satisfaction with food services was the highest (91.15%) followed by doctor services (81.0%), reception and entry procedures (80%), and nursing services (78.15%). The various aspects of satisfaction with doctors and nurses included the treatment prescribed by physicians, clarity in communication with patients, compassion and providing clear explanation of what they were doing. However, about 27.3% of the patients were dissatisfied with the length of waiting period before seeing a doctor. Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that uneducated patients and patients with secondary school education were more likely to have higher satisfaction level than university-educated patients (OR = 3.40, 95% C.I. [1.56–7.45], p = 0.002), (OR = 2.66, 95% C.I. [1.28–5.55], p = 0.009), and (OR = 2.29, 95% C.I. [1.40–3.73], p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: The health services satisfaction level was high in the Jazan population. However, some aspects of dissatisfaction were reported, such as the long waiting period before seeing a doctor. These aspects are recommended to be improved to ensure that the services provided by general hospitals are of high quality.
背景:患者满意度在衡量护理质量中占据中心位置，因为它提供了提供者成功的信息，满足了患者的价值观和期望。因此，它是评估卫生服务成果的重要工具。本研究旨在评估沙特阿拉伯吉赞地区综合医院的患者满意度及影响医疗保健质量的因素。方法:本观察性横断面研究采用分层随机抽样方法从吉赞地区综合医院抽取423例患者。结果:研究对象的总体满意度为80.9%。满意度最高的是餐饮服务(91.15%)，其次是医生服务(81.0%)、接待和进入程序(80%)和护理服务(78.15%)。对医生和护士满意度的各个方面包括医生处方的治疗，与患者沟通的清晰度，同情心和对他们正在做的事情提供清晰的解释。然而，约27.3%的患者对就诊前的等待时间不满意。二元logistic回归分析显示，未受教育的患者和中等学历患者的满意度分别高于大学学历患者(OR = 3.40, 95% C.I. [1.56-7.45]， p = 0.002)、(OR = 2.66, 95% C.I. [1.28-5.55]， p = 0.009)和(OR = 2.29, 95% C.I. [1.40-3.73]， p = 0.001)。结论:吉赞人群卫生服务满意度较高。然而，也有一些不满意的地方，比如看医生的等待时间过长。建议改进这些方面，以确保综合医院提供高质量的服务。
{"title":"Patient Satisfaction and Its Predictors in the General Hospitals of Southwest Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey","authors":"A. Elias, Suhaila Abdalkarim, Walaa Mohammed M, Ghaliya Yahya Ali, Manal Mohammed Ahmed, Meaad Youns Khan, Hind Mousa Faqeeh, Arwa Ali Ahmed Alhazmi, Ola Hamad Ahmad, Reem Ali Jubran, Mohamed Salih Mahfouz","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10682","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient satisfaction occupies a central position in measuring the quality of care as it provides information on the provider's success, meeting the patient’s values and expectations. Hence, it is an essential tool for assessing health services outcomes. This study aimed to assess patients' satisfaction level and factors influencing healthcare quality of general hospitals in the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia (SA). \u0000Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 423 patients selected through stratified random sampling from general hospitals of the Jazan region. \u0000Results: The overall satisfaction rate among the study participants was 80.9%. Satisfaction with food services was the highest (91.15%) followed by doctor services (81.0%), reception and entry procedures (80%), and nursing services (78.15%). The various aspects of satisfaction with doctors and nurses included the treatment prescribed by physicians, clarity in communication with patients, compassion and providing clear explanation of what they were doing. However, about 27.3% of the patients were dissatisfied with the length of waiting period before seeing a doctor. Binary logistic regression analysis suggested that uneducated patients and patients with secondary school education were more likely to have higher satisfaction level than university-educated patients (OR = 3.40, 95% C.I. [1.56–7.45], p = 0.002), (OR = 2.66, 95% C.I. [1.28–5.55], p = 0.009), and (OR = 2.29, 95% C.I. [1.40–3.73], p = 0.001), respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The health services satisfaction level was high in the Jazan population. However, some aspects of dissatisfaction were reported, such as the long waiting period before seeing a doctor. These aspects are recommended to be improved to ensure that the services provided by general hospitals are of high quality.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"215 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134319222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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