Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10684
S. Mekki, Azza A. Zulfu, A. Dabora, Waleed Elhaj, Salah Osman, Musaab Ahmed, M. H. Ahmed
Background: Periampullary tumors (PATs) are rare and Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy is the commonest surgical approach for its management. The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathological features of Whipple-resected periampullary tumors in Sudanese patients. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 62 cases of Whipple resection seen in a center in Khartoum, Sudan from January 2016 to June 2021. The specimens were assessed for nine features of the tumor: site of the tumor (whether within the periampullary region), size of the tumor, histological type of the tumor, grade, perineural invasion, lymph vascular invasion, surgical margin status, lymph node metastasis status, and the pathological stage (pTNM). Results: In total, 62 cases, 40 (64.5%) males and 22 (35.5%) females, were included. Age ranged from 20 to 90 years with a mean age of 56.08 years (±12.98 SD). Of the 62 cases, 58 were malignant (93.5%), while 4 cases were benign (6.5%). The pancreas was the commonest site for malignant tumors (53.4%), followed by the ampulla (24.1%), duodenum (15.5%), and distal common bile duct tumors (DCBD) (7%). The maximum tumor size was 8 cm, and the number of lymph nodes resected ranged from 3 to 33. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) showed the highest percentage of perineural (62.1%) and lymphovascular (55.2%) invasions, and a positive margin was seen in four cases. The most common tumor stage was pT3pN1pMx. Conclusion: PATs in the Sudanese population showed histological diversity regarding subtyping, grading, and staging. Further studies involving molecular prognostic features will support improving patient management.
{"title":"Histopathological Features of Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy in Sudan: A Single-center Experience","authors":"S. Mekki, Azza A. Zulfu, A. Dabora, Waleed Elhaj, Salah Osman, Musaab Ahmed, M. H. Ahmed","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10684","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Periampullary tumors (PATs) are rare and Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy is the commonest surgical approach for its management. The aim of this study was to analyze the histopathological features of Whipple-resected periampullary tumors in Sudanese patients. \u0000Methods: This retrospective descriptive study included 62 cases of Whipple resection seen in a center in Khartoum, Sudan from January 2016 to June 2021. The specimens were assessed for nine features of the tumor: site of the tumor (whether within the periampullary region), size of the tumor, histological type of the tumor, grade, perineural invasion, lymph vascular invasion, surgical margin status, lymph node metastasis status, and the pathological stage (pTNM). \u0000Results: In total, 62 cases, 40 (64.5%) males and 22 (35.5%) females, were included. Age ranged from 20 to 90 years with a mean age of 56.08 years (±12.98 SD). Of the 62 cases, 58 were malignant (93.5%), while 4 cases were benign (6.5%). The pancreas was the commonest site for malignant tumors (53.4%), followed by the ampulla (24.1%), duodenum (15.5%), and distal common bile duct tumors (DCBD) (7%). The maximum tumor size was 8 cm, and the number of lymph nodes resected ranged from 3 to 33. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) showed the highest percentage of perineural (62.1%) and lymphovascular (55.2%) invasions, and a positive margin was seen in four cases. The most common tumor stage was pT3pN1pMx. \u0000Conclusion: PATs in the Sudanese population showed histological diversity regarding subtyping, grading, and staging. Further studies involving molecular prognostic features will support improving patient management.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130710472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10683
Rabab.Mohamed Adam, Buthina Bassyonie Elssayed
Background: Hypothermia in neonates is a life-threatening condition. It happens due to the extrinsic thermal variations that contrast the intrauterine area. Early detection methods such as increased awareness and good nursing care play an important role in the prevention of hypothermia in newborns and reduce the consequences and death resulting from it. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of training programs on nurses’ knowledge and practice with respect to caring for neonates with hypothermia. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the military and police hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 47 nurses meeting the study inclusion criteria and agreeing to participate were included. The necessary research data were collected using a structured interview and a checklist pre and three months post intervention. Training program on neonatal hypothermia was offered to nurses which included the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment and prevention of neonatal hypothermia. Data were analyzed using the SPSS v.20; descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test and chi-squared test) were used with p-values < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results: All participants were female nurses aged 20–30 years, with a mean age of 27.7 ± 5.3 years. A majority of them (40 [85.1%]) had a BSc degree in nursing. Their experiences were varied, but the most common was 1–5 years, followed by 6–10 years (15 [32%] and 14 [29.8%], respectively). Nurses’ knowledge about observing and monitoring temperature pre intervention was 73%, which increased to 94.3% post intervention with a P-value = 0.03. Additionally, nurses’ practice in cases of hypothermia pre intervention was 80.01%, which increased to 82.9% post intervention. Their pre intervention practice around placing the baby under radiant warmer was 72.3%, which changed to 93.6% post intervention with a P-value = 0.006. Conclusion: Implementation of the training program on neonatal hypothermia was very effective and significantly increased nurses’ level of knowledge and practices. We recommend similar training programs should be given to all nurses working in the neonatal intensive care units in Sudan.
{"title":"The Effect of Neonatal Training Programs on NICU Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice in the Military and Police Hospitals of Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"Rabab.Mohamed Adam, Buthina Bassyonie Elssayed","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10683","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypothermia in neonates is a life-threatening condition. It happens due to the extrinsic thermal variations that contrast the intrauterine area. Early detection methods such as increased awareness and good nursing care play an important role in the prevention of hypothermia in newborns and reduce the consequences and death resulting from it. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of training programs on nurses’ knowledge and practice with respect to caring for neonates with hypothermia. \u0000Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the military and police hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. A total of 47 nurses meeting the study inclusion criteria and agreeing to participate were included. The necessary research data were collected using a structured interview and a checklist pre and three months post intervention. Training program on neonatal hypothermia was offered to nurses which included the definition, causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment and prevention of neonatal hypothermia. Data were analyzed using the SPSS v.20; descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test and chi-squared test) were used with p-values < 0.05 considered as statistically significant. \u0000Results: All participants were female nurses aged 20–30 years, with a mean age of 27.7 ± 5.3 years. A majority of them (40 [85.1%]) had a BSc degree in nursing. Their experiences were varied, but the most common was 1–5 years, followed by 6–10 years (15 [32%] and 14 [29.8%], respectively). Nurses’ knowledge about observing and monitoring temperature pre intervention was 73%, which increased to 94.3% post intervention with a P-value = 0.03. Additionally, nurses’ practice in cases of hypothermia pre intervention was 80.01%, which increased to 82.9% post intervention. Their pre intervention practice around placing the baby under radiant warmer was 72.3%, which changed to 93.6% post intervention with a P-value = 0.006. \u0000Conclusion: Implementation of the training program on neonatal hypothermia was very effective and significantly increased nurses’ level of knowledge and practices. We recommend similar training programs should be given to all nurses working in the neonatal intensive care units in Sudan.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115763951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10688
A. Burhan
Background: Believing research prioritization can increase the research value and augment advances in the scientific base of any profession, this study aimed to identify research priorities relevant for medical education in Sudan. Methods: The study was designed to capture a qualitative exploration of multiple stakeholders’ opinions. Data were collected from two stakeholder groups: experts and students of medical education in Sudan. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups from 10 experts and 41 learners were incorporated. The categories and subcategories, derived from experts’ data inductively through constant comparison, enhanced the development of a coding framework. This framework was used deductively to analyze the beliefs and opinions of the learners leading to a list that exemplifies priorities for medical education research. Results: A set of seven principal and three minor themes were identified, the principal themes were: Curriculum Content, Design, and Delivery; Faculty Development; Assessment Methods; Research; Accreditation, Evaluation, and Quality; Professionalism; and Student Selection and Support. Four themes were identified to justify participants’ selections: Quality education and patient care; Accreditation of schools; Curricula contextualization; and Documentation of success stories. Conclusion: This instrumental research fulfilled its aim to mount a set of medical education research priorities grounded in collected perceptions with optimal stakeholder engagement. Importantly, there were many more similarities than differences between these findings and those from other countries which suggests that some topics are relevant across the international arena and one may propose the commencements of an international medical education agenda.
{"title":"Medical Education Research Priorities for Master’s Students in Sudan: A Qualitative Study","authors":"A. Burhan","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10688","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Believing research prioritization can increase the research value and augment advances in the scientific base of any profession, this study aimed to identify research priorities relevant for medical education in Sudan. \u0000Methods: The study was designed to capture a qualitative exploration of multiple stakeholders’ opinions. Data were collected from two stakeholder groups: experts and students of medical education in Sudan. Semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups from 10 experts and 41 learners were incorporated. The categories and subcategories, derived from experts’ data inductively through constant comparison, enhanced the development of a coding framework. This framework was used deductively to analyze the beliefs and opinions of the learners leading to a list that exemplifies priorities for medical education research. \u0000Results: A set of seven principal and three minor themes were identified, the principal themes were: Curriculum Content, Design, and Delivery; Faculty Development; Assessment Methods; Research; Accreditation, Evaluation, and Quality; Professionalism; and Student Selection and Support. Four themes were identified to justify participants’ selections: Quality education and patient care; Accreditation of schools; Curricula contextualization; and Documentation of success stories. \u0000Conclusion: This instrumental research fulfilled its aim to mount a set of medical education research priorities grounded in collected perceptions with optimal stakeholder engagement. Importantly, there were many more similarities than differences between these findings and those from other countries which suggests that some topics are relevant across the international arena and one may propose the commencements of an international medical education agenda.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126893393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10692
Nasrein Elgasim Ahmed, Kannan O. Ahmed, Samoal Abdelaziz Dafalla, Huda Hamid Mohammed Elhassan, Mohammed Saeed Al khalifa, Anas Bedawi Babiker
Outcomes for patients with heart failure (HF) remain suboptimal worldwide, despite the national and international guidelines. A disease management program such as a multidisciplinary (MD) team HF clinic proved to be one of the effective strategies to improve patients’ outcomes. In June 2018, the first MD-HF clinic was opened at Ahmed Gasim Cardiac Surgery and Renal Transplantation Center, Khartoum, Sudan. This focused report aims to share our experience and pave the way for such an approach for cardiac and other specialty services that may require MD-specialized clinics. We provide a detailed report of the MD team, structure, facilities, and plans of the HF clinic, which may be considered as a nucleus for an advanced HF program and heart transplant in Sudan.
{"title":"The First Multidisciplinary Heart Failure Clinic in Sudan: A Descriptive Report","authors":"Nasrein Elgasim Ahmed, Kannan O. Ahmed, Samoal Abdelaziz Dafalla, Huda Hamid Mohammed Elhassan, Mohammed Saeed Al khalifa, Anas Bedawi Babiker","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10692","url":null,"abstract":"Outcomes for patients with heart failure (HF) remain suboptimal worldwide, despite the national and international guidelines. A disease management program such as a multidisciplinary (MD) team HF clinic proved to be one of the effective strategies to improve patients’ outcomes. In June 2018, the first MD-HF clinic was opened at Ahmed Gasim Cardiac Surgery and Renal Transplantation Center, Khartoum, Sudan. This focused report aims to share our experience and pave the way for such an approach for cardiac and other specialty services that may require MD-specialized clinics. We provide a detailed report of the MD team, structure, facilities, and plans of the HF clinic, which may be considered as a nucleus for an advanced HF program and heart transplant in Sudan.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124091590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10686
Stalinjit Singh, Sudershan Kapoor, Mukesh Chander, P. Gill
Background: Breast carcinoma in females is an ever-growing malaise with significant mortality and morbidity. In resource-poor settings, the need for a cost-effective and reliable diagnostic tool is of utmost importance. Methods: In the present study, 54 histopathologically proven breast cancer patients were investigated for their pre- and postoperative serum ALP and ACP levels. Results: A total of 34 cases (belonging to the age interval of 40–60 years) exhibited a significant drop in serum ALP level after surgery (P = 0.002). Although the serum ACP also showed a postoperative decline, it was not as significant as that of serum ALP. Conclusion: The role of serum ALP and ACP in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring/surveillance of breast carcinoma cannot be underestimated particularly in third-world countries lacking in medical infrastructure or resource-poor settings.
背景：女性乳腺癌是一种日益严重的疾病，死亡率和发病率都很高。在资源匮乏的环境中，最重要的是需要一种具有成本效益且可靠的诊断工具。方法：本研究对 54 例经组织病理学证实的乳腺癌患者进行了术前和术后血清 ALP 和 ACP 水平的调查。结果共有 34 例患者（年龄介于 40-60 岁之间）术后血清 ALP 水平显著下降（P = 0.002）。虽然血清 ACP 在术后也出现了下降，但其显著性不如血清 ALP。结论血清 ALP 和 ACP 在乳腺癌的诊断、预后和监测中的作用不容低估，尤其是在缺乏医疗基础设施或资源贫乏的第三世界国家。
{"title":"Recent Update on Serum Alkaline and Acid Phosphatases in Pre- and Postoperative Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Stalinjit Singh, Sudershan Kapoor, Mukesh Chander, P. Gill","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10686","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast carcinoma in females is an ever-growing malaise with significant mortality and morbidity. In resource-poor settings, the need for a cost-effective and reliable diagnostic tool is of utmost importance. \u0000Methods: In the present study, 54 histopathologically proven breast cancer patients were investigated for their pre- and postoperative serum ALP and ACP levels. \u0000Results: A total of 34 cases (belonging to the age interval of 40–60 years) exhibited a significant drop in serum ALP level after surgery (P = 0.002). Although the serum ACP also showed a postoperative decline, it was not as significant as that of serum ALP. \u0000Conclusion: The role of serum ALP and ACP in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring/surveillance of breast carcinoma cannot be underestimated particularly in third-world countries lacking in medical infrastructure or resource-poor settings.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127850132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10687
V. Nair
Background: Camp approach has been advocated as an effective means of motivating the target population to adopt vasectomy as a method of permanent sterilization. There is a high degree of acceptance of Non-scalpel Vasectomy (NSV) among physicians and laypersons. With this knowledge, we organized camps and found good results which we share in this article. Methods: Four NSV camps were organized in four different villages across India on a vehicle-mounted mobile operation theater. The meticulous and detailed planning, dissemination of information, careful execution, and post-procedure follow-up is enumerated. Results: A total of 76 individuals underwent the operation in these camps. The mean age of the participants was 35 ± 5.2 years (range, 27–44 years). The complication rate was negligible and there was no failure of vasectomy. There was a high level of satisfaction among those who underwent this procedure as seen by the increased number wanting to undergo the procedure from places where camps were located. Conclusion: NSV as a procedure is perceived as being simple and pain-free. Re-enforcing this fact and removing doubts, and conducting operations at the camp in an environment the client is familiar with achieved rewarding results.
{"title":"Non-scalpel Vasectomy Camps: Our Experience and Recent Trends in 2021","authors":"V. Nair","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10687","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Camp approach has been advocated as an effective means of motivating the target population to adopt vasectomy as a method of permanent sterilization. There is a high degree of acceptance of Non-scalpel Vasectomy (NSV) among physicians and laypersons. With this knowledge, we organized camps and found good results which we share in this article. \u0000Methods: Four NSV camps were organized in four different villages across India on a vehicle-mounted mobile operation theater. The meticulous and detailed planning, dissemination of information, careful execution, and post-procedure follow-up is enumerated. \u0000Results: A total of 76 individuals underwent the operation in these camps. The mean age of the participants was 35 ± 5.2 years (range, 27–44 years). The complication rate was negligible and there was no failure of vasectomy. There was a high level of satisfaction among those who underwent this procedure as seen by the increased number wanting to undergo the procedure from places where camps were located. \u0000Conclusion: NSV as a procedure is perceived as being simple and pain-free. Re-enforcing this fact and removing doubts, and conducting operations at the camp in an environment the client is familiar with achieved rewarding results.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124030691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10689
Muhammad Musthafa Poyil, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Suresh S. S. Raja, P. Sasikumar
Background: Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection causes hemorrhagic colitis and is diagnosed based on symptoms such as cramps, stomach pain, and watery diarrhea. Shiga-like toxins (Verotoxin) produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7 damages endothelial cells of both kidney and brain, causing renal dysfunction and neurological problems. Methods: The present study focuses on identifying the prevalence of Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 among diarrheal inpatients at Erode Government Hospital, India, and its antibiogram. Further, the Verotoxins were characterized by using SDS-PAGE analysis. A total of 123 samples were collected both from diarrheal stools, and strains from 37 samples (43.02 %) were found to have the presence of E. coli. The organisms were identified based on their colony morphology on various media, cell morphology, and biochemical tests. The Shiga-like toxin production was identified by non-fermentation of sorbitol on SMAC agar plates. Confirmation of Shiga-like toxin was performed using agglutination assay. Results: In total, 12 isolates showed agglutination and these isolates were confirmed to be E. coli O157:H7. The molecular weight of the Verotoxin was found to be between 20 and 29 kD. The antibiogram profile of the four isolated strains against 10 standard antibiotics was determined. Conclusion: The results of this study show the occurrence of drug resistance on hemorrhagic colitis causing E. coli O157:H7.
{"title":"Isolation, Extraction, and Characterization of Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from Diarrheal Stool Samples","authors":"Muhammad Musthafa Poyil, Ponmurugan Karuppiah, Suresh S. S. Raja, P. Sasikumar","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10689","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection causes hemorrhagic colitis and is diagnosed based on symptoms such as cramps, stomach pain, and watery diarrhea. Shiga-like toxins (Verotoxin) produced by Escherichia coli O157:H7 damages endothelial cells of both kidney and brain, causing renal dysfunction and neurological problems. \u0000Methods: The present study focuses on identifying the prevalence of Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 among diarrheal inpatients at Erode Government Hospital, India, and its antibiogram. Further, the Verotoxins were characterized by using SDS-PAGE analysis. A total of 123 samples were collected both from diarrheal stools, and strains from 37 samples (43.02 %) were found to have the presence of E. coli. The organisms were identified based on their colony morphology on various media, cell morphology, and biochemical tests. The Shiga-like toxin production was identified by non-fermentation of sorbitol on SMAC agar plates. Confirmation of Shiga-like toxin was performed using agglutination assay. \u0000 Results: In total, 12 isolates showed agglutination and these isolates were confirmed to be E. coli O157:H7. The molecular weight of the Verotoxin was found to be between 20 and 29 kD. The antibiogram profile of the four isolated strains against 10 standard antibiotics was determined. \u0000Conclusion: The results of this study show the occurrence of drug resistance on hemorrhagic colitis causing E. coli O157:H7.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126305463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10681
A. Hajati, F. Talebian, A. Babahajian, N. Daneshkhah, Bayazid Ghaderi
Background: Nowadays, cytokines such as Leptin and adiponectin are introduced as prognostic factors which, according to some studies, are also associated with body mass index. This study aimed to determine serum leptin level and its relationship with prognostic factors in breast cancer patients. Methods: This case–control study was conducted in the oncology department of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran, between 2019 and 2020. Hundred new cases of breast cancer patients with histological evidence were enrolled in this study. Additionally, 100 age- and BMI-matched healthy individuals were recruited as the control group. The serum leptin level was measured using the ELISA method. Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to the control group (21.68 ± 9.16 vs 11.89 ± 4.45; p < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between plasma leptin levels with ER, PR, and HER2 expressions (p > 0.05). Also, no significant associations were noted between leptin levels and grading and disease staging (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The study found that leptin is higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy individuals, however, it did not prove that leptin is a predictive or prognostic factor.
{"title":"Association of Serum Leptin with Prognostic Factors in Breast Cancer","authors":"A. Hajati, F. Talebian, A. Babahajian, N. Daneshkhah, Bayazid Ghaderi","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v17i1.10681","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nowadays, cytokines such as Leptin and adiponectin are introduced as prognostic factors which, according to some studies, are also associated with body mass index. This study aimed to determine serum leptin level and its relationship with prognostic factors in breast cancer patients. \u0000Methods: This case–control study was conducted in the oncology department of Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran, between 2019 and 2020. Hundred new cases of breast cancer patients with histological evidence were enrolled in this study. Additionally, 100 age- and BMI-matched healthy individuals were recruited as the control group. The serum leptin level was measured using the ELISA method. \u0000Results: Serum leptin levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to the control group (21.68 ± 9.16 vs 11.89 ± 4.45; p < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between plasma leptin levels with ER, PR, and HER2 expressions (p > 0.05). Also, no significant associations were noted between leptin levels and grading and disease staging (p > 0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The study found that leptin is higher in breast cancer patients than in healthy individuals, however, it did not prove that leptin is a predictive or prognostic factor.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126952667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v16i4.9953
Malak Abdulrahman Seid Ahmed, N. Omer, Ahmed M. Suliman, M. Ellaithi
Background: Cyclin D1 expression regulates normal cell cycle. Its deregulation or overexpression may cause disruption in the normal cell cycle control and lead to cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to study the expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and find its association with the different grades of oral tumors, if any. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 40 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks specimens of OSCC with variable grades. The expression of cyclin D1 was evaluated through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results: There were 9 female and 31 male samples, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.4:1. The age ranged between 25 and 90 years with an average age of 65.5 years. Twenty-five (62.5%) samples were diagnosed as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) and fifteen (37.5%) as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC). No cases of moderately differentiated squamous carcinoma were included in the study. The expression of cyclin D1 was detected in the cases of WDSCC and a lesser expression was seen in the PDSCC with a P-value of 0.0003, OR 1581 and 95% CI (29.8239 to 83810.7113). Conclusion: Cyclin D1 is expressed in OSCC and stronger expression was detected in WDSCC.
{"title":"Expression of Cyclin D1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Malak Abdulrahman Seid Ahmed, N. Omer, Ahmed M. Suliman, M. Ellaithi","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v16i4.9953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v16i4.9953","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cyclin D1 expression regulates normal cell cycle. Its deregulation or overexpression may cause disruption in the normal cell cycle control and lead to cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to study the expression of cyclin D1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and find its association with the different grades of oral tumors, if any. \u0000Methods: This cross-sectional study included 40 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks specimens of OSCC with variable grades. The expression of cyclin D1 was evaluated through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. \u0000Results: There were 9 female and 31 male samples, with a male-to-female ratio of 3.4:1. The age ranged between 25 and 90 years with an average age of 65.5 years. Twenty-five (62.5%) samples were diagnosed as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (WDSCC) and fifteen (37.5%) as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC). No cases of moderately differentiated squamous carcinoma were included in the study. The expression of cyclin D1 was detected in the cases of WDSCC and a lesser expression was seen in the PDSCC with a P-value of 0.0003, OR 1581 and 95% CI (29.8239 to 83810.7113). \u0000Conclusion: Cyclin D1 is expressed in OSCC and stronger expression was detected in WDSCC.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120977718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.18502/sjms.v16i4.9947
Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad, F. Bozorgi, Asieh Khodami, H. Aminiahidashti, Mohammad Hajizade Juybari
Background: Placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) is a routine procedure in the emergency departments, which can be uncomfortable, painful, and cause nausea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous metoclopramide on the ease of NGT insertion, as well as reduction of patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran Province, Iran were enrolled. Data were collected from December 2015 to March 2016. Participants were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups (placebo and intervention groups). In metoclopramide and placebo groups, 10 mg of metoclopramide and 10 mg of normal saline solution were administered, respectively. All of the NGT was inserted 15–20 mins after the intravenous infusion. Patient-reported pain, discomfort, and nausea were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), at four time points including before (T0), immediately (T1), 30 min after (T2), and 1 hr after the NGT placement (T3). The ease of NGT insertion was evaluated as easy, moderate, and difficult to pass. Results: None of the patients had pain, nausea, and discomfort in T0. Additionally, for those who received intravenous metoclopramide, pain intensity significantly decreased compared with the placebo group in T1 (37.7 vs 55.0), T2 (26.2 vs 41.7), and T3 (20.5 vs 33.7), respectively (P < 0.001). Nausea intensity decreased significantly over time among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (32.7 vs 43.2), T2 (19.5 vs 31.2), and T3 (9.0 vs 21.7), respectively (P < 0.001). The intensity of patients’ discomfort decreased significantly among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (39.5 vs 54.0), T2 (28.7 vs 40.2), and T3 (26.2 vs 39.6), respectively (P < 0.001). Patients in the intervention group had easier placement of NGT compared with the placebo group (Easy: 40.0% vs 0.0%, Moderate: 45.0% vs 62.5%, and Difficult: 15.0% vs 37.5%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it seems that intravenous metoclopramide can be used as a promising modality for improving the ease of NGT placement and reducing patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department.
背景:鼻胃管(NGT)的放置是急诊科的常规操作，可能会不舒服，疼痛，并引起恶心。本研究的目的是探讨静脉注射甲氧氯普胺对NGT插入的便利性的影响，以及减少急诊科患者在NGT插入期间的疼痛、恶心和不适。方法:在这项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验中，80例患者转至伊朗马赞达兰省伊玛目霍梅尼医院。数据收集时间为2015年12月至2016年3月。通过方便抽样选择参与者，随机分为两组(安慰剂组和干预组)。甲氧氯普胺组和安慰剂组分别给予甲氧氯普胺10mg和生理盐水10mg。所有的NGT在静脉输注后15-20分钟插入。采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)在四个时间点评估患者报告的疼痛、不适和恶心，包括植入前(T0)、即刻(T1)、植入后30分钟(T2)和植入后1小时(T3)。NGT插入的难易程度评价为容易、中等、难以通过。结果:10例患者无疼痛、恶心、不适。此外，对于静脉注射甲氧氯普胺的患者，疼痛强度在T1 (37.7 vs 55.0)、T2 (26.2 vs 41.7)和T3 (20.5 vs 33.7)时与安慰剂组相比显著降低(P < 0.001)。与安慰剂组相比，干预组患者在T1 (32.7 vs 43.2)、T2 (19.5 vs 31.2)和T3 (9.0 vs 21.7)的恶心强度随时间显著降低(P < 0.001)。干预组患者不适程度在T1 (39.5 vs 54.0)、T2 (28.7 vs 40.2)、T3 (26.2 vs 39.6)时均较安慰剂组显著降低(P < 0.001)。与安慰剂组相比，干预组患者更容易放置NGT(简单:40.0% vs 0.0%，中度:45.0% vs 62.5%，困难:15.0% vs 37.5%;P < 0.001)。结论:基于本研究的结果，静脉注射甲氧氯普胺似乎可以作为一种有希望的方式，以提高NGT置入的便利性，减少患者在急诊科NGT置入期间的疼痛、恶心和不适。
{"title":"The Effect of Intravenous Metoclopramide on Pain, Nausea, Discomfort, and Ease of Insertion of Nasogastric Tube in Emergency Department: A Double-blind Randomized Clinical Trial","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Hosseininejad, F. Bozorgi, Asieh Khodami, H. Aminiahidashti, Mohammad Hajizade Juybari","doi":"10.18502/sjms.v16i4.9947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v16i4.9947","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Placement of nasogastric tube (NGT) is a routine procedure in the emergency departments, which can be uncomfortable, painful, and cause nausea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intravenous metoclopramide on the ease of NGT insertion, as well as reduction of patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department. \u0000Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 80 patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Mazandaran Province, Iran were enrolled. Data were collected from December 2015 to March 2016. Participants were selected via convenience sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups (placebo and intervention groups). In metoclopramide and placebo groups, 10 mg of metoclopramide and 10 mg of normal saline solution were administered, respectively. All of the NGT was inserted 15–20 mins after the intravenous infusion. Patient-reported pain, discomfort, and nausea were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS), at four time points including before (T0), immediately (T1), 30 min after (T2), and 1 hr after the NGT placement (T3). The ease of NGT insertion was evaluated as easy, moderate, and difficult to pass. \u0000Results: None of the patients had pain, nausea, and discomfort in T0. Additionally, for those who received intravenous metoclopramide, pain intensity significantly decreased compared with the placebo group in T1 (37.7 vs 55.0), T2 (26.2 vs 41.7), and T3 (20.5 vs 33.7), respectively (P < 0.001). Nausea intensity decreased significantly over time among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (32.7 vs 43.2), T2 (19.5 vs 31.2), and T3 (9.0 vs 21.7), respectively (P < 0.001). The intensity of patients’ discomfort decreased significantly among patients in the intervention group compared with the placebo group in T1 (39.5 vs 54.0), T2 (28.7 vs 40.2), and T3 (26.2 vs 39.6), respectively (P < 0.001). Patients in the intervention group had easier placement of NGT compared with the placebo group (Easy: 40.0% vs 0.0%, Moderate: 45.0% vs 62.5%, and Difficult: 15.0% vs 37.5%; P < 0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it seems that intravenous metoclopramide can be used as a promising modality for improving the ease of NGT placement and reducing patients’ pain, nausea, and discomfort during NGT insertion in the emergency department.","PeriodicalId":132580,"journal":{"name":"Sudan journal of medical sciences","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124711460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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