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2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)最新文献

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Tolerance of time delay to the sense of agency for operating electric prosthetic hands: a preliminary experiment with the appearance and gripping action 操作电动假肢手的时间延迟对代理感的容忍度:外观和抓握动作的初步实验
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209358
Ryuichi Furuhashi, Taro Sugihara, Kenji Sato, A. Gofuku
Rehabilitation in patients with phantom limb pain using an electric prosthetic hand is a promising way to mitigate their pain. This method is thought to reconstruct the patient’s sensory-motor loop that connects a command from the brain for a particular movement with the perception that the electric prosthetic hand is actually being driven by this command. A sense of agency (SoA), offered by the feeling that the prosthetic hand is being operated by the patient’s own intentions, is important for this rehabilitation. However, the relationship between characteristics of the prosthetic hand, especially the degree of reproducibility of its appearance and of gripping actions, and the associated SoA is not clear. This study therefore investigated the influence of the reproducibility of gripping action of an electric prosthetic hand and its appearance on participants’ (n = 60) SoA. In advance of adopting patient with phantom limb pain, this study focused on the difference of SoA scores of healthy participants. Significant differences were observed in SoA scores due to the changes in reproducibility of the appearance and gripping action. It is suggested that SoA is more strongly perceived when the prosthetic hand does not strictly resemble a human hand.
使用电动假肢对幻肢疼痛患者进行康复治疗是一种很有前途的减轻疼痛的方法。这种方法被认为是重建病人的感觉-运动回路,将大脑对特定运动的命令与感知连接起来,即电子假手实际上是由这个命令驱动的。一种代理感(SoA),即患者感觉假手是按照自己的意愿操作的,对这种康复很重要。然而,假手的特征,特别是其外观和抓握动作的可重复性程度与相关SoA之间的关系尚不清楚。因此,本研究调查了电动假手抓握动作的再现性及其外观对参与者(n = 60) SoA的影响。在采用幻肢痛患者之前,本研究主要关注健康参与者的SoA评分差异。由于外观和抓握动作的可重复性的变化,在SoA分数中观察到显着差异。这表明,当假手不完全像人的手时,SoA更容易被感知。
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引用次数: 1
Human Fatigue Aware Cyber-Physical Production System 人体疲劳感知信息-物理生产系统
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209366
Y. A. Paredes-Astudillo, Diego Moreno, Ana-Maria Vargas, Maria-Alejandra Angel, Sergio Perez, J. Jimenez, Luis A. Saavedra-Robinson, D. Trentesaux
Production systems contain advanced automated processes, and humans are involved in activities, such as monitoring, managing and/or operating, to ensure the right functioning of these systems. The challenge for industries is to develop human-centred scheduling systems that orchestrate the interaction between human and machines devices considering both operations productivity and human well-being. In this paper, a cyber-physical production system integrating a smart station is proposed to dynamically change the schedule of tasks to human operators, regarding the cognitive fatigue level during execution. The smart station consists in a human operator connected to a galvanometer that tracks electric currents on his skin coupled to a virtual holon that seeks the human well-being minimising his cognitive fatigue estimated from the tracking of the current. This Holon is also in charge of the modification of the scheduling through the adaption of the workload. A real experiment has been conducted to validate the contribution of the proposed approach and the results demonstrate significant mitigation of human wellbeing degradation in term of cognitive fatigue.
生产系统包含先进的自动化过程,人类参与诸如监控、管理和/或操作等活动,以确保这些系统的正常运行。工业面临的挑战是开发以人为中心的调度系统,协调人与机器设备之间的交互,同时考虑到操作生产力和人类福祉。本文提出了一种集成智能工位的信息物理生产系统,考虑到操作人员在执行过程中的认知疲劳程度,动态地改变任务调度。该智能工作站由一名操作员组成,该操作员连接到一个振镜,该振镜跟踪皮肤上的电流,再加上一个虚拟全息,该全息寻求人类的健康,最大限度地减少通过跟踪电流估计的认知疲劳。这个Holon也负责通过工作量的适应来修改排程。已经进行了一个真实的实验来验证所提出的方法的贡献,结果表明,在认知疲劳方面,人类健康退化的显著缓解。
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引用次数: 3
The role of corpora for robots’ acquisition of linguistic structure through observation and natural language instructions 语料库在机器人通过观察和自然语言指令习得语言结构中的作用
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209342
Stephanie Gross, Brigitte Krenn
When aiming at automatic linguistic structure learning, the developed algorithms highly depend on the data they can be trained on. We present several multimodal datasets employed for grounded language learning in artificial agents. Based on evidence on the close tying of motor action and language, we developed the Linguistic, Kinematic and Gaze information in task descriptions Corpus (LKG-Corpus) as a resource to (i) investigate fundamental questions concerning the relation between sensorimotor processes and linguistic structure, and to (ii) develop computational models for grounded language learning in robots. For embodied structure learning, we emphasize the importance of data sets which can be automatically interpreted by the robot and do not need prior knowledge about linguistic structure or actions.
在实现语言结构的自动学习时,所开发的算法高度依赖于可训练的数据。我们提出了几个用于人工智能体基础语言学习的多模态数据集。基于运动动作和语言密切相关的证据,我们开发了任务描述语料库(lkg -语料库)中的语言、运动学和凝视信息,作为(i)调查有关感觉运动过程和语言结构之间关系的基本问题的资源,以及(ii)开发机器人基础语言学习的计算模型。对于具身结构学习,我们强调数据集的重要性,这些数据集可以由机器人自动解释,并且不需要关于语言结构或动作的先验知识。
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引用次数: 1
Gait analysis of people relying on mobility aids by using laser range finder 利用激光测距仪分析依靠助行器的人的步态
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209532
Tao Jiang, Yanhong Ge, Wenfeng Li
Gait analysis provides an effective way for the elderly to monitor abnormal gait, predict fall risk, and evaluate rehabilitation training. The laser range finder mounted on the mobility aids is used to analyze gait characteristics in this paper. The leg data segment recognition method based on Kalman filtering and difference measure is proposed to estimate legs position. The system is developed that detects gait cycle by integrating the zero-point constraint and the crests-based detection method and extracts spatiotemporal gait characteristics. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods.
步态分析为老年人异常步态监测、跌倒风险预测、康复训练评价等提供了有效的手段。本文利用安装在助行器上的激光测距仪对步态特性进行了分析。提出了一种基于卡尔曼滤波和差分测度的腿部数据段识别方法来估计腿部位置。该系统将零点约束与基于波峰的检测方法相结合,检测步态周期,提取步态的时空特征。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Toward a Standard User-Centered Design Framework for Medical Applications of Brain-Computer Interfaces 面向脑机接口医疗应用的标准用户中心设计框架
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209416
Florencia Garro, Z. McKinney
The brain-computer interface (BCI) field has been growing rapidly, resulting in a wide variety of systems that use different technologies and paradigms to allow interaction between a person and the external world using brain signal responses. The complexity and diversity of BCI-based systems make it difficult to address their usability in a standardized fashion, therefore it is often difficult to correctly identify use-related errors, in order to elaborate robust metrics for improving the system design and to compare it with others. In addition, when a BCI system’s final intended use is a medical application, it must comply with regulatory requirements governing the design process, risk management, and usability assessment in order to be validated and commercialized. Most early-stage BCI designs do not take such requirements into account, which leads to failure in translating functional prototypes into commercial medical devices for further clinical evaluation in advanced stages of the design. This paper proposes a unified framework for usability assessment of BCI design throughout the research and development (R&D) process using a user-centered approach. It focuses on providing a general guideline for BCI for medical applications, considering the risk management process mandatory for medical devices, in which usability is a key aspect for ensuring safety and performance.
脑机接口(BCI)领域一直在迅速发展,产生了各种各样的系统,这些系统使用不同的技术和范式来允许人与外部世界之间使用大脑信号响应进行交互。基于bci的系统的复杂性和多样性使得很难以标准化的方式处理它们的可用性,因此通常很难正确识别与使用相关的错误,以便精心设计用于改进系统设计的健壮度量并将其与其他系统进行比较。此外,当BCI系统的最终预期用途是医疗应用程序时,它必须遵守管理设计过程、风险管理和可用性评估的法规要求,以便进行验证和商业化。大多数早期的脑机接口设计都没有考虑到这些要求,这导致在设计的后期阶段无法将功能原型转化为商业医疗设备以进行进一步的临床评估。本文提出了一个统一的框架,使用以用户为中心的方法在整个研发(R&D)过程中对BCI设计进行可用性评估。它的重点是为医疗应用的BCI提供一般指南,考虑到医疗设备的强制性风险管理流程,其中可用性是确保安全和性能的关键方面。
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引用次数: 6
Invulnerability Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks based on Cellular Automata 基于元胞自动机的无线传感器网络抗毁性分析
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209541
Xiuwen Fu, Xiaolin He, Yongsheng Yang
Network invulnerability is widely considered as one of the main bottlenecks restricting the widespread application of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Therefore, in this work, we present a 2-D cellular automata model to mimic the failure process of WSNs. In this model, we consider five failure events of sensor nodes (i.e., energy exhaustion, hardware/software malfunctions, intentional attacks, random attacks and isolation from the sink node). The experimental results have shown that the invulnerability of WSNs under random attacks is better than that under intentional attacks. In addition, through composition analysis of failed sensor nodes, we observe that energy exhaustion is mainly responsible for node failures in the case of random attacks. Isolation from the sink node is the main cause of node failures under intentional attacks. The obtained results can provide theoretical guidance to build a more invulnerable WSN.
网络的不脆弱性被广泛认为是制约无线传感器网络广泛应用的主要瓶颈之一。因此,在这项工作中,我们提出了一个二维元胞自动机模型来模拟无线传感器网络的失效过程。在该模型中,我们考虑了传感器节点的五种故障事件(即能量耗尽、硬件/软件故障、故意攻击、随机攻击和与汇聚节点的隔离)。实验结果表明,无线传感器网络在随机攻击下的抗毁性优于故意攻击。此外,通过对失效传感器节点的组成分析,我们发现在随机攻击情况下,能量耗尽是导致节点失效的主要原因。与汇聚节点的隔离是节点遭受故意攻击失败的主要原因。所得结果可为构建更加无懈可击的无线传感器网络提供理论指导。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of Driver Drowsiness on Driving Performance in the Context of Partial Driving Automation Requiring Hands-on-Wheel 在需要手握方向盘的部分自动驾驶环境下驾驶员困倦对驾驶性能的影响
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209459
Yuichi Saito, M. Itoh, T. Inagaki
Similar to a manual driver, a human using an automated driving system may experience drowsiness. This can be attributed not only to monotonous environments but also to reduced driver activity. Our concern is how can a system identify the driver’s state (e.g., states of low arousal and degradation of mental and physical functions) without relying on physiological indices while ensuring vehicle safety. In previous study, we have proposed a dual control theoretic approach, which attempts to simultaneously perform vehicular safety control (prevention of lane departure) as well as identification of the driver’s state. The present study applies the proposed approach to partially automated driving systems requiring hands-on driver activity. Sleepy drivers’ behaviors and the safety control actions of the applied system were observed and analyzed through the driving simulator experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed system effectively prevents lane departure in the context of partially automated driving.
与手动驾驶类似,使用自动驾驶系统的人可能会感到困倦。这不仅可以归因于单调的环境,还可以归因于驾驶员活动的减少。我们关注的是系统如何在不依赖生理指标的情况下识别驾驶员的状态(例如,低唤醒状态和精神和身体功能退化的状态),同时确保车辆安全。在之前的研究中,我们提出了一种双重控制理论方法,该方法试图同时进行车辆安全控制(防止车道偏离)和驾驶员状态识别。本研究将提出的方法应用于需要驾驶员亲自操作的部分自动驾驶系统。通过驾驶模拟器实验,观察和分析了困倦驾驶员的行为和应用系统的安全控制动作。实验结果表明,该系统能有效地防止部分自动驾驶情况下的车道偏离。
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引用次数: 0
Head-mounted, wireless eyetracker for real-time gaze prediction utilizing machine-learning 头戴式无线眼动仪,利用机器学习进行实时凝视预测
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209326
Viola Ildikó Matusz, Melinda Rácz, János Rokai, Nikomidisz Eftimiu Jorgosz, Tímea Molnár, Dorina Maráki, I. Ulbert, G. Márton
Eyetracking opens new possibilities for people with physical disabilities, enabling them to explore new ways of communication and interaction with their environment. However, this field of assistive technology is not available to everyone in need and still faces substantial obstacles: high-cost devices for use in real-world environments, difficulty in enhancing the performance of a calibrated system, difficulty in providing a personalized, adaptive setup. The aim of this work is to provide a lightweight, low cost, wireless device with a software performing real-time 2-D gaze prediction in a fixed coordinate system, and the possibility of enhancing performance by recalibration.
眼动追踪为身体残疾人士开辟了新的可能性,使他们能够探索与环境沟通和互动的新方式。然而,这一辅助技术领域并不是每个有需要的人都可以使用,并且仍然面临着重大障碍:在现实环境中使用的高成本设备,难以提高校准系统的性能,难以提供个性化的自适应设置。这项工作的目的是提供一种轻量级、低成本的无线设备,该设备带有在固定坐标系中执行实时二维凝视预测的软件,并有可能通过重新校准来提高性能。
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引用次数: 0
Language-Facilitated Human-Robot Cooperation within a Human Cognitive Modeling Infrastructure: A Case in Space Exploration Task 人类认知建模基础结构中语言促进的人机合作:以太空探索任务为例
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209506
Yan Fu, Shiqi Li, Kan Qiu, Xue Li, L. Chen, Jie Tan
It is natural and efficient to use natural language for transferring knowledge from a human to a robot. The inconsistency of human-robot spatial cognitive style, the high frequency communication and low-cognition-level symbol matching control have greatly affected the operational efficiency in spatial-cognition-demanding tasks such as positioning and exploring. To fill the knowledge gap, this study applies ACT-R cognitive theory to establish a new way of knowledge representation and processing for the robots with a purpose to improve the flexibility of natural language facilitated humanrobot cooperation. This idea is specifically validated in the task of human-robot teaming space exploration.
利用自然语言将人类的知识传递给机器人是一种自然而高效的方法。在定位、探索等空间认知要求较高的任务中,人机空间认知风格的不一致性、高频率的通信和低认知水平的符号匹配控制极大地影响了操作效率。为了填补这一知识空白,本研究运用ACT-R认知理论,为机器人建立一种新的知识表示和处理方式,以提高自然语言的灵活性,促进人-机器人合作。这个想法在人类与机器人合作的太空探索任务中得到了特别的验证。
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引用次数: 2
Aquatic Surface Robots: the State of the Art, Challenges and Possibilities 水上机器人:技术的现状,挑战和可能性
Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209422
F. Sanfilippo, Min Tang, S. Steyaert
In this paper, a survey of the state of the art, challenges, and possibilities for aquatic surface robots is presented. To this end, a survey and classification of aquatic surface robots is first outlined. Then, different levels of autonomy are identified for this typology of robots and categorised into environmental complexity, mission complexity, and external system independence. From this perspective, a step-wise approach is adopted on how to increment aquatic surface robots abilities within guidance, navigation, and control in order to target the different levels of autonomy. Possibilities and challenges for designing aquatic surface robots as carriers for conducting research activities are discussed. The main goal of this paper is to further increase global efforts to realise the wide range of possible applications offered by aquatic surface robots and to provide an up-to-date reference as a benchmark for new research and development in this field.
在本文中,调查的艺术状态,挑战,和可能性的水面机器人提出。为此,首先概述了水面机器人的概况和分类。然后,为这种类型的机器人确定了不同程度的自主性,并将其分为环境复杂性、任务复杂性和外部系统独立性。从这个角度出发,采用分步方法来提高水面机器人在引导、导航和控制方面的能力,以实现不同程度的自主。讨论了设计水上机器人作为开展研究活动的载体的可能性和挑战。本文的主要目标是进一步增加全球努力,以实现水生表面机器人提供的广泛可能的应用,并为该领域的新研究和发展提供最新的参考作为基准。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)
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