Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209421
Manuel Mühlig, Lydia Fischer, Stephan Hasler, J. Deigmöller
Future intelligent systems will become more complex and they will be composed of potentially very different artificial agents like mobile robots, smart home infrastructure, and smartphones that collect data and that have capabilities to perform certain tasks. The challenges will be that the elements such a system is composed of will not be known in advance and might change dynamically. Further, the tasks that need to be fulfilled will be unknown beforehand and might require cooperation with humans to make use of their abilities. In this paper we provide a description of a system with which we try to tackle these challenges. Our system uses available resources (robots, humans) and the actual state of the environment to provide a plan in order to satisfy a given request. We demonstrate the flexibility of our system through varying the available resources and the state of the environment. To our knowledge there are few approaches only that (i) explicitly model and use humans together with intelligent agents in the same plan in this kind of abstraction level, and (ii) that have a system using heterogeneous agents at the same time.
{"title":"A Knowledge-based Multi-entity and Cooperative System Architecture","authors":"Manuel Mühlig, Lydia Fischer, Stephan Hasler, J. Deigmöller","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209421","url":null,"abstract":"Future intelligent systems will become more complex and they will be composed of potentially very different artificial agents like mobile robots, smart home infrastructure, and smartphones that collect data and that have capabilities to perform certain tasks. The challenges will be that the elements such a system is composed of will not be known in advance and might change dynamically. Further, the tasks that need to be fulfilled will be unknown beforehand and might require cooperation with humans to make use of their abilities. In this paper we provide a description of a system with which we try to tackle these challenges. Our system uses available resources (robots, humans) and the actual state of the environment to provide a plan in order to satisfy a given request. We demonstrate the flexibility of our system through varying the available resources and the state of the environment. To our knowledge there are few approaches only that (i) explicitly model and use humans together with intelligent agents in the same plan in this kind of abstraction level, and (ii) that have a system using heterogeneous agents at the same time.","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128086089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209336
Weilin Zang, Fangmin Sun, Ye Li
We consider a wireless body sensor network (WBAN) which utilizes backscatter technology for transmission between sensor nodes and the gateway. Backscatter is a passive communication technology which enables a self-sustainable communication operation, thus it is effective and desired in energy constrained network such as WBAN. In this backscatter-based WBAN, gateway not only receives the sensor data but also has a role of power source continuously emitting RF carrier signal to stimulate the transmissions. As the backscatter communication can work in a battery-less fashion, the first priority design target is to improve the network throughput. Toward this, emitting power and transmission time are jointly optimized by leveraging the periodic fluctuation of WBAN channel. The idea of this work is based on that fact that the temporal fluctuation of WBAN channel caused by walking movements can be predicted, and the throughput improvement can be thus formulated as a convex optimization problem which derives a highly effective resources allocation strategy. Our experimental results show that the proposed solution can significantly improve the throughput performance.
{"title":"Throughput Improvement in Backscatter-based Wireless Body Area Network","authors":"Weilin Zang, Fangmin Sun, Ye Li","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209336","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a wireless body sensor network (WBAN) which utilizes backscatter technology for transmission between sensor nodes and the gateway. Backscatter is a passive communication technology which enables a self-sustainable communication operation, thus it is effective and desired in energy constrained network such as WBAN. In this backscatter-based WBAN, gateway not only receives the sensor data but also has a role of power source continuously emitting RF carrier signal to stimulate the transmissions. As the backscatter communication can work in a battery-less fashion, the first priority design target is to improve the network throughput. Toward this, emitting power and transmission time are jointly optimized by leveraging the periodic fluctuation of WBAN channel. The idea of this work is based on that fact that the temporal fluctuation of WBAN channel caused by walking movements can be predicted, and the throughput improvement can be thus formulated as a convex optimization problem which derives a highly effective resources allocation strategy. Our experimental results show that the proposed solution can significantly improve the throughput performance.","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133857265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209348
Giacomo Cabri, M. Montangero, Filippo Muzzini, P. Valente
Auction-based crossing management approaches are used to design coordination policies for autonomous vehicles and improve smart intersections by providing for differentiated latencies. In this paper we exploit auction-based mechanisms to design a management intersections system re-using traffic lights and coordinating human driven and autonomous vehicles. We first describe in detail this system that uses already present traffic lights and the bidding policy of our auction mechanisms. We then describe our experimental scenario and the research issue that will be addressed by means of future simulations.
{"title":"Managing Human-driven and Autonomous Vehicles at Smart Intersections","authors":"Giacomo Cabri, M. Montangero, Filippo Muzzini, P. Valente","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209348","url":null,"abstract":"Auction-based crossing management approaches are used to design coordination policies for autonomous vehicles and improve smart intersections by providing for differentiated latencies. In this paper we exploit auction-based mechanisms to design a management intersections system re-using traffic lights and coordinating human driven and autonomous vehicles. We first describe in detail this system that uses already present traffic lights and the bidding policy of our auction mechanisms. We then describe our experimental scenario and the research issue that will be addressed by means of future simulations.","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116942378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209343
Sijia Li, S. Ni, K. Peng
Social robot companion will become pervasive in the near future as a result of technological development and social work robotization to confront long-time loneliness. Chronic loneliness is not only a painful individual experience but an increasingly serious social problem. It is thus crucial to drill down the relationship between people’s chronic loneliness and how they see humans in this artificial intelligent agent. Based on the designed human-robot interactions, we measured participants’ anthropomorphic tendency on our social robot prototype as well as their chronic loneliness, and found that chronic loneliness — permanent disposition caused by person, not easily relieved — deterred participants from making anthropomorphic inference of the robot (i.e., to perceive human essence, warmth and competence, from the robot). In particular, mediation analysis revealed that reduced attribution of positive human uniqueness traits (i.e., Humble, Thorough, Organized, Broadminded, and Polite) to the robot explained the negative relation between being chronically lonely and anthropomorphizing the robot. We further corroborated this result by enabling the robot to conversationally manifest the five traits and successfully verified a substantial reduction in the negative effect of chronic loneliness on robot anthropomorphism. The findings suggest good human uniqueness, exemplifying secondary emotions, is vital not only in interpersonal contexts but in establishing connections with social robots.
{"title":"The Role of Good Human Uniqueness in Social Robot Anthropomorphism Influenced by Chronic Loneliness","authors":"Sijia Li, S. Ni, K. Peng","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209343","url":null,"abstract":"Social robot companion will become pervasive in the near future as a result of technological development and social work robotization to confront long-time loneliness. Chronic loneliness is not only a painful individual experience but an increasingly serious social problem. It is thus crucial to drill down the relationship between people’s chronic loneliness and how they see humans in this artificial intelligent agent. Based on the designed human-robot interactions, we measured participants’ anthropomorphic tendency on our social robot prototype as well as their chronic loneliness, and found that chronic loneliness — permanent disposition caused by person, not easily relieved — deterred participants from making anthropomorphic inference of the robot (i.e., to perceive human essence, warmth and competence, from the robot). In particular, mediation analysis revealed that reduced attribution of positive human uniqueness traits (i.e., Humble, Thorough, Organized, Broadminded, and Polite) to the robot explained the negative relation between being chronically lonely and anthropomorphizing the robot. We further corroborated this result by enabling the robot to conversationally manifest the five traits and successfully verified a substantial reduction in the negative effect of chronic loneliness on robot anthropomorphism. The findings suggest good human uniqueness, exemplifying secondary emotions, is vital not only in interpersonal contexts but in establishing connections with social robots.","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116958231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209453
Gene M. Alarcon, Anthony M. Gibson, Sarah A. Jessup
The current study explored the influence of trust and distrust behaviors on performance, process, and purpose (trustworthiness) perceptions over time when participants were paired with a robot partner. We examined the changes in trustworthiness perceptions after trust violations and trust repair after those violations. Results indicated performance, process, and purpose perceptions were all affected by trust violations, but perceptions of process and purpose decreased more than performance following a distrust behavior. Similarly, trust repair was achieved in performance perceptions, but trust repair in perceived process and purpose was absent. When a trust violation occurred, process and purpose perceptions deteriorated and failed to recover from the violation. In addition, the trust violation resulted in untrustworthy perceptions of the robot. In contrast, trust violations decreased partner performance perceptions, and subsequent trust behaviors resulted in a trust repair. These findings suggest that people are more sensitive to distrust behaviors in their perceptions of process and purpose than they are in performance perceptions.
{"title":"Trust Repair in Performance, Process, and Purpose Factors of Human-Robot Ttust","authors":"Gene M. Alarcon, Anthony M. Gibson, Sarah A. Jessup","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209453","url":null,"abstract":"The current study explored the influence of trust and distrust behaviors on performance, process, and purpose (trustworthiness) perceptions over time when participants were paired with a robot partner. We examined the changes in trustworthiness perceptions after trust violations and trust repair after those violations. Results indicated performance, process, and purpose perceptions were all affected by trust violations, but perceptions of process and purpose decreased more than performance following a distrust behavior. Similarly, trust repair was achieved in performance perceptions, but trust repair in perceived process and purpose was absent. When a trust violation occurred, process and purpose perceptions deteriorated and failed to recover from the violation. In addition, the trust violation resulted in untrustworthy perceptions of the robot. In contrast, trust violations decreased partner performance perceptions, and subsequent trust behaviors resulted in a trust repair. These findings suggest that people are more sensitive to distrust behaviors in their perceptions of process and purpose than they are in performance perceptions.","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114407068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209414
Mary E. Frame, A. S. Boydstun, Jennifer S. Lopez
Surveillance environments require simultaneous performance of multiple complex tasks. These increasing demands require the effective leveraging of automated teammates. However, the degree of assistance autonomous systems can provide is still limited for cognitively complex tasks. Balancing the workload requires intelligent and dynamic redistribution of tasks between humans and autonomy. To address this challenge of maintaining performance in a Human-Machine Team (HMT), we developed an Autonomous Manager (AM) to dynamically redistribute tasks between a human and automation based on task performance and physiological indicators of workload. We tested the AM's decision logic across multiple scenarios using simulation, allowing us to examine the benefits and limitations of the AM.
{"title":"Development of an Autonomous Manager for Dynamic Human-Machine Task Allocation in Operational Surveillance","authors":"Mary E. Frame, A. S. Boydstun, Jennifer S. Lopez","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209414","url":null,"abstract":"Surveillance environments require simultaneous performance of multiple complex tasks. These increasing demands require the effective leveraging of automated teammates. However, the degree of assistance autonomous systems can provide is still limited for cognitively complex tasks. Balancing the workload requires intelligent and dynamic redistribution of tasks between humans and autonomy. To address this challenge of maintaining performance in a Human-Machine Team (HMT), we developed an Autonomous Manager (AM) to dynamically redistribute tasks between a human and automation based on task performance and physiological indicators of workload. We tested the AM's decision logic across multiple scenarios using simulation, allowing us to examine the benefits and limitations of the AM.","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114539097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209462
J. L. Samper-Escudero, A. Contreras-González, D. Pont-Esteban, F. Sáez, M. A. S. Urán, M. Ferre
Exoskeletons are human-machine interaction devices that can either assist or oppose the user’s motion. Soft exoskeletons are lightweight devices whose lack of rigid pieces provides them with soft behaviour. These exosuits use textiles and soft actuation mechanisms to enhance compliance and comfort during user interaction. The absence of a rigid structure, thereby, provokes drawbacks related to force transfer and fixation of the system to the wearer’s anatomy. Commonly-reported issues include textile-slippery phenomena, pressure-related discomfort, actuation perturbations due to muscle volume variability and joint misalignment during human motion. This paper introduces the fixation solution adopted in LuxBit, a textile-wearable cable-driven exoskeleton to assist elbow and shoulder flexion. Different textiles and sewing patterns are combined in this coupling-interface to promote force distribution and adaption to the wearer’s anatomy. Then, the document assesses the assistance capability of the device by measuring the trajectory and electromyography signals of four subjects while flexing the elbow and shoulder up to 90 degrees. The experiments also allow discussing the benefits for a healthy user in both cases, when carrying a 0.75kg load and not.
{"title":"Assessment of an upper limb exosuit with textile coupling","authors":"J. L. Samper-Escudero, A. Contreras-González, D. Pont-Esteban, F. Sáez, M. A. S. Urán, M. Ferre","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209462","url":null,"abstract":"Exoskeletons are human-machine interaction devices that can either assist or oppose the user’s motion. Soft exoskeletons are lightweight devices whose lack of rigid pieces provides them with soft behaviour. These exosuits use textiles and soft actuation mechanisms to enhance compliance and comfort during user interaction. The absence of a rigid structure, thereby, provokes drawbacks related to force transfer and fixation of the system to the wearer’s anatomy. Commonly-reported issues include textile-slippery phenomena, pressure-related discomfort, actuation perturbations due to muscle volume variability and joint misalignment during human motion. This paper introduces the fixation solution adopted in LuxBit, a textile-wearable cable-driven exoskeleton to assist elbow and shoulder flexion. Different textiles and sewing patterns are combined in this coupling-interface to promote force distribution and adaption to the wearer’s anatomy. Then, the document assesses the assistance capability of the device by measuring the trajectory and electromyography signals of four subjects while flexing the elbow and shoulder up to 90 degrees. The experiments also allow discussing the benefits for a healthy user in both cases, when carrying a 0.75kg load and not.","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116193159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209542
J. Waters, Olinda Rodas, K. Orden, Michael Hricko
This position paper describes an Agent Interaction Model and framework, i.e. the ability to define interaction roles (e.g. professor, student, parent, child, police, civilian) identified by varying amounts of standardized role features (e.g. Curiosity, Responsibility, Deference, Scientific Knowledge) mapped to physical interaction features (e.g. likelihood of interaction, likelihood of knowledge transfer). The framework can be used to enable exploration of amount, types and patterns of knowledge flow through agent interactions based on agent roles. The hypothesis is that in teams of humans and systems there is a distribution of roles that optimizes knowledge transfer. Empathy, i.e. the ability to change roles quickly based on the needs of others, is hypothesized to be an enabler of improved knowledge flow. The framework allows exploration of these hypotheses. In this paper, the authors report on initial development of the model and their proposed next steps to extend the model and the framework for use in human-agent experiments by mapping the features to user-interface components such as text, voice, gesture, appearance, signs and symbols..
{"title":"Exploring an Agent Interaction Modeling System (AIMS) for Human Autonomy Teams: Towards the Development of Intelligent Models of Interaction","authors":"J. Waters, Olinda Rodas, K. Orden, Michael Hricko","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209542","url":null,"abstract":"This position paper describes an Agent Interaction Model and framework, i.e. the ability to define interaction roles (e.g. professor, student, parent, child, police, civilian) identified by varying amounts of standardized role features (e.g. Curiosity, Responsibility, Deference, Scientific Knowledge) mapped to physical interaction features (e.g. likelihood of interaction, likelihood of knowledge transfer). The framework can be used to enable exploration of amount, types and patterns of knowledge flow through agent interactions based on agent roles. The hypothesis is that in teams of humans and systems there is a distribution of roles that optimizes knowledge transfer. Empathy, i.e. the ability to change roles quickly based on the needs of others, is hypothesized to be an enabler of improved knowledge flow. The framework allows exploration of these hypotheses. In this paper, the authors report on initial development of the model and their proposed next steps to extend the model and the framework for use in human-agent experiments by mapping the features to user-interface components such as text, voice, gesture, appearance, signs and symbols..","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121625664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209469
R. Juric, Olav Madland
Automation in transport has already gained momentum across the world and there are plethora of pilot schemes for managing urban traffic, mixed with semi and fully automated vehicles. We expect that modern software solutions for managing situations in modern traffic would react to existing computational algorithms for traffic decision making, and tune them according to the semantic of situations we encounter or contextualize in traffic. A combination of software artifacts/computations, data repositories, automated and manual vehicles, human intervention, cognition and communication links enable an ad-hoc existence of various instances of Internet-of-Everything (IoE), in which we have to make constant decisions in order to participate in or manage urban traffic. In this paper we propose a framework for creating an instance of IoE, using semantics stored in such an environment and reasoning upon the best possible instance of IoE suitable for vehicle(s). The framework uses reasoning upon SWRL enabled OWL ontologies and learning technologies in order to a) understand and manipulate the semantics of the IoE and b) assist in driving decisions for any type of vehicle, which happens to be within that IoE instance. We illustrate the framework by creating a software architectural proposal from it and explain mechanisms, which would create a software application for managing modern traffic. Instances of IoE would follow and accommodate various changes we experience in traffic today
{"title":"Semantic Framework for Creating an Instance of the IoE in Urban Transport: A Study of Traffic Management with Driverless Vehicles","authors":"R. Juric, Olav Madland","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209469","url":null,"abstract":"Automation in transport has already gained momentum across the world and there are plethora of pilot schemes for managing urban traffic, mixed with semi and fully automated vehicles. We expect that modern software solutions for managing situations in modern traffic would react to existing computational algorithms for traffic decision making, and tune them according to the semantic of situations we encounter or contextualize in traffic. A combination of software artifacts/computations, data repositories, automated and manual vehicles, human intervention, cognition and communication links enable an ad-hoc existence of various instances of Internet-of-Everything (IoE), in which we have to make constant decisions in order to participate in or manage urban traffic. In this paper we propose a framework for creating an instance of IoE, using semantics stored in such an environment and reasoning upon the best possible instance of IoE suitable for vehicle(s). The framework uses reasoning upon SWRL enabled OWL ontologies and learning technologies in order to a) understand and manipulate the semantics of the IoE and b) assist in driving decisions for any type of vehicle, which happens to be within that IoE instance. We illustrate the framework by creating a software architectural proposal from it and explain mechanisms, which would create a software application for managing modern traffic. Instances of IoE would follow and accommodate various changes we experience in traffic today","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"47 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122804024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-01DOI: 10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209569
M. Babbar‐Sebens, Kenneth R. Cannady-Shultz, S. Mukhopadhyay
Watershed planning over a geographic area is a difficult task primarily due to the presence of large number of stakeholders and decision makers whose intrinsic conflicting and/or subjective preferences often lead to uncertainty in perceived fitness of planning decisions. Deciding which watershed strategy should be implemented at what location requires a participatory approach to design and decision making, if adoption of landscape decisions is critical to success. Analytical participatory design (APD) approaches aim to enable farmers, environmentalists, government agencies, and other stakeholders to visualize the landscape, explore and design competitive scenarios of implementing certain management practices on the landscape. Since these approaches improve decision makers’ awareness of opportunities and constraints in the co-existing physical and human systems, it is hypothesized that they can be used to generate acceptable decisions that are robust to uncertainties in stakeholder preferences.An APD method based on Interactive optimization is described in this paper and tested for design of wetlands in a study watershed site (Eagle Creek Watershed) in the state of Indiana. The method is then used to test research hypothesis by involving multiple virtual stakeholders as surrogates to diverse human users and their preferences. The results indicate that, while, as expected, the interactive optimization approach results in lower values of the financial and environmental objective criteria (which are being traded off against users’ diverse subjective personal criteria), it also results in a relatively high degree of user consensus, indicating high likelihood of adoption of the generated solutions by the stakeholders.
一个地理区域的流域规划是一项艰巨的任务，主要是因为存在大量的利益相关者和决策者，他们内在的冲突和/或主观偏好往往导致规划决策的感知适应性的不确定性。如果采用景观决策对成功至关重要，那么决定在什么地点实施哪种流域战略需要采用参与式的设计和决策方法。分析参与式设计(APD)方法旨在使农民、环保人士、政府机构和其他利益相关者能够可视化景观，探索和设计在景观上实施某些管理实践的竞争性方案。由于这些方法提高了决策者对共存的物理和人类系统中的机会和约束的认识，因此假设它们可以用于生成可接受的决策，这些决策对利益相关者偏好的不确定性具有鲁棒性。本文描述了一种基于交互优化的APD方法，并在印第安纳州的一个研究流域(Eagle Creek watershed)进行了湿地设计试验。然后，该方法通过涉及多个虚拟利益相关者作为不同人类用户及其偏好的代理人来测试研究假设。结果表明，正如预期的那样，交互优化方法导致财务和环境客观标准的值较低(这是与用户多样化的主观个人标准相权衡的)，但它也导致了相对较高的用户共识程度，表明利益相关者采用生成的解决方案的可能性很高。
{"title":"Interactive Watershed Optimization in the Presence of Spatially-varying and Uncertain Stakeholder Preferences","authors":"M. Babbar‐Sebens, Kenneth R. Cannady-Shultz, S. Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICHMS49158.2020.9209569","url":null,"abstract":"Watershed planning over a geographic area is a difficult task primarily due to the presence of large number of stakeholders and decision makers whose intrinsic conflicting and/or subjective preferences often lead to uncertainty in perceived fitness of planning decisions. Deciding which watershed strategy should be implemented at what location requires a participatory approach to design and decision making, if adoption of landscape decisions is critical to success. Analytical participatory design (APD) approaches aim to enable farmers, environmentalists, government agencies, and other stakeholders to visualize the landscape, explore and design competitive scenarios of implementing certain management practices on the landscape. Since these approaches improve decision makers’ awareness of opportunities and constraints in the co-existing physical and human systems, it is hypothesized that they can be used to generate acceptable decisions that are robust to uncertainties in stakeholder preferences.An APD method based on Interactive optimization is described in this paper and tested for design of wetlands in a study watershed site (Eagle Creek Watershed) in the state of Indiana. The method is then used to test research hypothesis by involving multiple virtual stakeholders as surrogates to diverse human users and their preferences. The results indicate that, while, as expected, the interactive optimization approach results in lower values of the financial and environmental objective criteria (which are being traded off against users’ diverse subjective personal criteria), it also results in a relatively high degree of user consensus, indicating high likelihood of adoption of the generated solutions by the stakeholders.","PeriodicalId":132917,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131714794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：