Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007133
V. Monteiro, J. G. Pinto, B. Exposto, J. Ferreira, J. Afonso
This paper proposes a smart battery charging strategy for Electric Vehicles (EVs) targeting the future smart homes. The proposed strategy consists in regulate the EV battery charging current in function of the total home current, aiming to prevent overcurrent trips in the main switch breaker. Computational and experimental results were obtained under real-time conditions to validate the proposed strategy. For such purpose was adapted a bidirectional EV battery charger prototype to operate in accordance with the aforementioned strategy. The proposed strategy was validated through experimental results obtained both in steady and transient states. The results show the correct operation of the EV battery charger even under heavy load variations.
{"title":"Smart Charging Management for Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers","authors":"V. Monteiro, J. G. Pinto, B. Exposto, J. Ferreira, J. Afonso","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007133","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a smart battery charging strategy for Electric Vehicles (EVs) targeting the future smart homes. The proposed strategy consists in regulate the EV battery charging current in function of the total home current, aiming to prevent overcurrent trips in the main switch breaker. Computational and experimental results were obtained under real-time conditions to validate the proposed strategy. For such purpose was adapted a bidirectional EV battery charger prototype to operate in accordance with the aforementioned strategy. The proposed strategy was validated through experimental results obtained both in steady and transient states. The results show the correct operation of the EV battery charger even under heavy load variations.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117230397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007076
Emanuel G. Marques, D. Abreu, M. Perdigão, J. Trovão, A. Mendes
This paper presents the behaviour of a full-bridge topology for an IPT system, considering misalignment impacts, and the design of a full-bridge isolated converter for an EV on-board charger fed by this IPT system. The double galvanic isolation is required since this on-board charger is expected to work also directly from the mains. The paper presents a brief description of the proposed IPT system and magnetic core structure, the strategy for the converter operation and the design of the isolating transformer. It also analyses the impact of misalignments of the IPT system on the on-board charger behaviour and control in terms of charging capability. A simulation analysis is included to verify some of the appointed considerations.
{"title":"Full-Bridge Topology for IPT System On-Board Charger","authors":"Emanuel G. Marques, D. Abreu, M. Perdigão, J. Trovão, A. Mendes","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007076","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the behaviour of a full-bridge topology for an IPT system, considering misalignment impacts, and the design of a full-bridge isolated converter for an EV on-board charger fed by this IPT system. The double galvanic isolation is required since this on-board charger is expected to work also directly from the mains. The paper presents a brief description of the proposed IPT system and magnetic core structure, the strategy for the converter operation and the design of the isolating transformer. It also analyses the impact of misalignments of the IPT system on the on-board charger behaviour and control in terms of charging capability. A simulation analysis is included to verify some of the appointed considerations.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129396058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007088
F. Scuiller, É. Semail
In this paper, the study of torque/speed characteristic for five-phase Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet (SPM) machine is carried out. With considering several hypothesis (linear magnetic modelling, only first and third harmonic terms in the back-emf and current spectrums), an optimization problem that aims to maximize the torque for given maximum voltage and RMS current is formulated: the optimal torque sharing among the two virtual machines (the two dq-axis subspaces) that represent the real five-phase machine is thus calculated for any mechanical speed. For an inverter and a DC voltage sized with only considering the first harmonic of back-emf and current, the problem is solved with changing the ratio between the two virtual machine back-emfs and changing the ratio between the two virtual machine inductances. The results are examined by introducing particular speed points.
{"title":"Inductances and Back-emf Harmonics Influence on the Torque/Speed Characteristic of Five-Phase SPM Machine","authors":"F. Scuiller, É. Semail","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007088","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the study of torque/speed characteristic for five-phase Surface-mounted Permanent Magnet (SPM) machine is carried out. With considering several hypothesis (linear magnetic modelling, only first and third harmonic terms in the back-emf and current spectrums), an optimization problem that aims to maximize the torque for given maximum voltage and RMS current is formulated: the optimal torque sharing among the two virtual machines (the two dq-axis subspaces) that represent the real five-phase machine is thus calculated for any mechanical speed. For an inverter and a DC voltage sized with only considering the first harmonic of back-emf and current, the problem is solved with changing the ratio between the two virtual machine back-emfs and changing the ratio between the two virtual machine inductances. The results are examined by introducing particular speed points.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123029007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007138
Pedro Mota Santos, J. Trovão, P. Pereirinha
Coimbra's urban transportation system is the oldest system with trolleybuses currently in service at the Iberian Peninsula. Some of the infrastructure facilities date from the middle of last century and were not designed for today's energy concerns or energy-efficiency as is the case of "Montarroio" substation that still uses mercury arc rectifiers. Energy-efficiency substation's improvement is a key issue to maximize energy-savings. This paper describes the main studies and proposals made to achieve energy saving and cost reductions. One week long measurements at the two still active substations and the analysis of one year electricity bills were made. It was concluded that investments in new rectifiers are needed and that some of the studied options have a payback of just a few years. Implementing it can provide the rehabilitation of this means of transportation, assuming it as a real alternative to the currently mainstream systems, based on diesel bus.
{"title":"Sustainable Trolleybus System: Rectifier Substation Technology Improvement for Energy Efficiency and Operational Cost Reduction","authors":"Pedro Mota Santos, J. Trovão, P. Pereirinha","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007138","url":null,"abstract":"Coimbra's urban transportation system is the oldest system with trolleybuses currently in service at the Iberian Peninsula. Some of the infrastructure facilities date from the middle of last century and were not designed for today's energy concerns or energy-efficiency as is the case of \"Montarroio\" substation that still uses mercury arc rectifiers. Energy-efficiency substation's improvement is a key issue to maximize energy-savings. This paper describes the main studies and proposals made to achieve energy saving and cost reductions. One week long measurements at the two still active substations and the analysis of one year electricity bills were made. It was concluded that investments in new rectifiers are needed and that some of the studied options have a payback of just a few years. Implementing it can provide the rehabilitation of this means of transportation, assuming it as a real alternative to the currently mainstream systems, based on diesel bus.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133753381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7006998
R. Hiwatari, T. Iwatsubo, T. Ikeya
The function to find an effective layout of quick charging stations (STs) is improved in a road traffic simulator "EV-OLYENTOR", and this new function is applied to the analysis on the layout of STs in the wide area of several prefectures in Japan. Based on the results of the effective layout of STs, several simple evaluation methods to select the location of ST are proposed in order to support the decision-making of a ST company or a local government. Those methods are contributed to develop the ST network as a Japanese model plan.
{"title":"A Layout Method of Quick Charging Infrastructure for Electric Vehicle by Road Traffic Simulation: Japanese Model Plan of Quick Charging Infrastructure Network","authors":"R. Hiwatari, T. Iwatsubo, T. Ikeya","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7006998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7006998","url":null,"abstract":"The function to find an effective layout of quick charging stations (STs) is improved in a road traffic simulator \"EV-OLYENTOR\", and this new function is applied to the analysis on the layout of STs in the wide area of several prefectures in Japan. Based on the results of the effective layout of STs, several simple evaluation methods to select the location of ST are proposed in order to support the decision-making of a ST company or a local government. Those methods are contributed to develop the ST network as a Japanese model plan.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133306576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007062
M. Camara, A. Tani, B. Dakyo
This paper presents a comparative study between the frequency approach and dynamic component method for energy management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). An auxiliary energy system based on ultracapacitors (U), and the High Energy Storage system focused on lithium-battery are used to share the requested energy by a vehicle. Ultracapacitors are linked to DC-bus through a bidirectional converter, and the lithium-battery is directly linked to DC-bus without a converter. An inverter and Electrical Machine (EM) are used to emulate the energetic demand of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). The contribution of this paper is focused on a HEV power sharing between the ultracapacitors and the battery according to the dynamic responses of the sources. The performances of the proposed methods are evaluated through some simulations and experimental tests using United States drive cycle.
{"title":"Energy Management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Based on Frequency Approach Compared to Dynamic Component Method -Lithium-Battery and Ultracapacitors","authors":"M. Camara, A. Tani, B. Dakyo","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007062","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparative study between the frequency approach and dynamic component method for energy management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). An auxiliary energy system based on ultracapacitors (U), and the High Energy Storage system focused on lithium-battery are used to share the requested energy by a vehicle. Ultracapacitors are linked to DC-bus through a bidirectional converter, and the lithium-battery is directly linked to DC-bus without a converter. An inverter and Electrical Machine (EM) are used to emulate the energetic demand of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). The contribution of this paper is focused on a HEV power sharing between the ultracapacitors and the battery according to the dynamic responses of the sources. The performances of the proposed methods are evaluated through some simulations and experimental tests using United States drive cycle.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123259815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007127
O. Lehmann, J. Schuster, J. Roth-Stielow
For the field oriented current control of permanent magnet synchronous machines in electric vehicles the knowledge of the rotor position is necessary. The position information is typically measured with a resolver. Therefore a failure of this resolver is critical. This paper describes several possibilities to use sensorless control techniques as redundancy to a resolver with the focus on the requirements for the use in electric vehicles.
{"title":"Sensorless Control Techniques as Redundancy for the Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines in Electric Vehicles","authors":"O. Lehmann, J. Schuster, J. Roth-Stielow","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007127","url":null,"abstract":"For the field oriented current control of permanent magnet synchronous machines in electric vehicles the knowledge of the rotor position is necessary. The position information is typically measured with a resolver. Therefore a failure of this resolver is critical. This paper describes several possibilities to use sensorless control techniques as redundancy to a resolver with the focus on the requirements for the use in electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123525411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007086
J. Nadeau, M. Boisvert, P. Micheau
A hybrid vehicle equipped with a hydraulic and a regenerative brake system needs collaboration between both actuators. It is clearly the case, if the pedal input integrates the driver's brake demands. The challenge is to deal with vehicle safety and recovery efficiency. Thus, this work focuses on the implementation of a cooperative braking strategy, involving brake pressure control and regenerative brake control. The objectives are to trade, until limits, the rear wheel friction brake by regenerative brake and to improve the brake performance. To achieve this, this paper proposes a cooperative brake force distribution strategy. For design purpose, a simulator based on empirical results has been developed and the feasibility of the strategy is evaluated through experimentation.
{"title":"Implementation of a Cooperative Strategy between a Vehicle's Mechanical and Regenerative Brake System","authors":"J. Nadeau, M. Boisvert, P. Micheau","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007086","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid vehicle equipped with a hydraulic and a regenerative brake system needs collaboration between both actuators. It is clearly the case, if the pedal input integrates the driver's brake demands. The challenge is to deal with vehicle safety and recovery efficiency. Thus, this work focuses on the implementation of a cooperative braking strategy, involving brake pressure control and regenerative brake control. The objectives are to trade, until limits, the rear wheel friction brake by regenerative brake and to improve the brake performance. To achieve this, this paper proposes a cooperative brake force distribution strategy. For design purpose, a simulator based on empirical results has been developed and the feasibility of the strategy is evaluated through experimentation.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115263197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007035
Evaldo Costa, J. Seixas
Adoption of the electric car to mitigate air pollution and climate change: myth or reality? This study aims to bring out the energy and climate mitigation impacts of mass introduction of electric cars in city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A working scenario of 10 percent penetration of electric cars replacing gasoline-powered vehicles by 2020 and 20 percent by 2030 was set. The impact on the energy mix and CO2 emissions was based on indicators available for the city of Sao Paulo. Preliminary results indicate significant energy and environmental benefits to the city. We identified a potential reduction of up to 2030 will be about 11 MtCO2 representing more than 10 percent compared with the total emissions from the fleet of gasoline-powered cars.
{"title":"Contribution of Electric Cars to the Mitigation of CO2 Emissions in the City of Sao Paulo","authors":"Evaldo Costa, J. Seixas","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007035","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption of the electric car to mitigate air pollution and climate change: myth or reality? This study aims to bring out the energy and climate mitigation impacts of mass introduction of electric cars in city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. A working scenario of 10 percent penetration of electric cars replacing gasoline-powered vehicles by 2020 and 20 percent by 2030 was set. The impact on the energy mix and CO2 emissions was based on indicators available for the city of Sao Paulo. Preliminary results indicate significant energy and environmental benefits to the city. We identified a potential reduction of up to 2030 will be about 11 MtCO2 representing more than 10 percent compared with the total emissions from the fleet of gasoline-powered cars.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"55 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116788018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007021
Kiyoung Kim, Jongryeol Jeong, Hyungkyoo Kim, S. Cha, W. Lim
The paper presents closed-loop electric vehicle (EV) drive with 5-phase induction motor operating with switched-autotransformer (LCCAt) inverter. Electrical drives with five-phase induction motors are considered for application in electric vehicles. Space vector modulation (SVM) is the most common options for controlling a five-phase inverter. However, if the battery level cannot ensure the controllability over a wide speed range of EV drive, the supply voltage has to be elevated. Bidirectional impedance source inverters (e.g. Z- source inverter, qZ-source inverter) have been presented suitable for EVs. The concept of Z-source inverters has been recently extended to transformer-based inverters (e.g. Trans-Z-source inverter, T - source inverter) which use coupled inductors with an appropriate turns ratio. Unfortunately, coupled inductors store significant portion of the energy during boost operation which tends their cores to saturate at higher currents. The use of four element LCCAt-source (inductor-capacitor-capacitor- autotransformer) network allows proposed switched- autotransformer inverter for obtaining high voltage gain while ensuring high modulation index and reduced volume of inductive elements. Simulation and experimental results using the laboratory model of switched-autotransformer inverter with designed 4.3 kW, 30V five-phase induction motor are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system.
{"title":"Analysis of Vehicle Status in Various Driving Situations for a Separated Axle Torque Combination Parallel Hybrid System Using Forward Simulator","authors":"Kiyoung Kim, Jongryeol Jeong, Hyungkyoo Kim, S. Cha, W. Lim","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007021","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents closed-loop electric vehicle (EV) drive with 5-phase induction motor operating with switched-autotransformer (LCCAt) inverter. Electrical drives with five-phase induction motors are considered for application in electric vehicles. Space vector modulation (SVM) is the most common options for controlling a five-phase inverter. However, if the battery level cannot ensure the controllability over a wide speed range of EV drive, the supply voltage has to be elevated. Bidirectional impedance source inverters (e.g. Z- source inverter, qZ-source inverter) have been presented suitable for EVs. The concept of Z-source inverters has been recently extended to transformer-based inverters (e.g. Trans-Z-source inverter, T - source inverter) which use coupled inductors with an appropriate turns ratio. Unfortunately, coupled inductors store significant portion of the energy during boost operation which tends their cores to saturate at higher currents. The use of four element LCCAt-source (inductor-capacitor-capacitor- autotransformer) network allows proposed switched- autotransformer inverter for obtaining high voltage gain while ensuring high modulation index and reduced volume of inductive elements. Simulation and experimental results using the laboratory model of switched-autotransformer inverter with designed 4.3 kW, 30V five-phase induction motor are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125275940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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