Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007074
S. Morando, S. Jemei, R. Gouriveau, N. Zerhouni, D. Hissel
The Hydrogen energy vector is one of the possible solutions to overcome future energy crisis announced by the International Energy Agency. However, various bottleneck, whether technological or societal, slow the industrial interest for this technology and therefore the mass production of fuel cells. Among these locks that may be mentioned one relating to the still limited useful lifetime of the fuel cells. To improve this lifetime, one of the existing approaches is to use the discipline of PHM (for Prognostics and Health Management). This discipline aims to improve the efficiency of control and maintenance operations on the system by using diagnostic or prognostics algorithms. This article covers the prognostics aspect of PHM applied to a PEMFC using an algorithm based on a tool from the reservoir computing discipline to predict the Remaining Useful Lifetime.
{"title":"Fuel Cells Remaining Useful Lifetime Forecasting Using Echo State Network","authors":"S. Morando, S. Jemei, R. Gouriveau, N. Zerhouni, D. Hissel","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007074","url":null,"abstract":"The Hydrogen energy vector is one of the possible solutions to overcome future energy crisis announced by the International Energy Agency. However, various bottleneck, whether technological or societal, slow the industrial interest for this technology and therefore the mass production of fuel cells. Among these locks that may be mentioned one relating to the still limited useful lifetime of the fuel cells. To improve this lifetime, one of the existing approaches is to use the discipline of PHM (for Prognostics and Health Management). This discipline aims to improve the efficiency of control and maintenance operations on the system by using diagnostic or prognostics algorithms. This article covers the prognostics aspect of PHM applied to a PEMFC using an algorithm based on a tool from the reservoir computing discipline to predict the Remaining Useful Lifetime.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133734460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007120
I. Bolvashenkov, H. Herzog, A. Rubinraut, V. Romanovskiy
The paper presents the results of many years of research studies of marine electric propulsion systems, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their suitability for various types of vessels. It is concluded that at the modern level of development of electrical engineering, materials and equipment, economic efficiency of vessels with electric propulsion is quite competitive with the efficiency of vessels with mechanical transmission of power to the propeller, and in terms of environmental performance, significantly exceed them. The greatest advantages electric propulsion systems have for ferries, icebreakers, tankers and bulk carriers Arctic, cruise liners.
{"title":"Possible Ways to Improve the Efficiency and Competitiveness of Modern Ships with Electric Propulsion Systems","authors":"I. Bolvashenkov, H. Herzog, A. Rubinraut, V. Romanovskiy","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007120","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of many years of research studies of marine electric propulsion systems, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their suitability for various types of vessels. It is concluded that at the modern level of development of electrical engineering, materials and equipment, economic efficiency of vessels with electric propulsion is quite competitive with the efficiency of vessels with mechanical transmission of power to the propeller, and in terms of environmental performance, significantly exceed them. The greatest advantages electric propulsion systems have for ferries, icebreakers, tankers and bulk carriers Arctic, cruise liners.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132251900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007075
E. Vinot, B. Jeanneret
Hybrid topologies are now recognized as a good solution to reduce the fuel consumption of vehicles. The topologies and the associated energy management strategies have been long discussed in order to improve the fuel economy. However, the pollutant emission is seldom taken into account, although it can be greater with hybrid vehicles. This paper develops a method to find an optimal strategy of management taking into account two objectives (fuel consumption and pollutant emissions) during the cold start phase. The Pontryagin's minimum principle is applied considering two states variables. Results on a two clutches hybrid vehicle are proposed and discussed regarding the Pareto front and the evolution of the energy management strategy.
{"title":"Fuel Consumption vs Pollutant Emission Trade-Off for Hybrid Electric Vehicle: An Application of the Pontryagin's Minimum Principle","authors":"E. Vinot, B. Jeanneret","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007075","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid topologies are now recognized as a good solution to reduce the fuel consumption of vehicles. The topologies and the associated energy management strategies have been long discussed in order to improve the fuel economy. However, the pollutant emission is seldom taken into account, although it can be greater with hybrid vehicles. This paper develops a method to find an optimal strategy of management taking into account two objectives (fuel consumption and pollutant emissions) during the cold start phase. The Pontryagin's minimum principle is applied considering two states variables. Results on a two clutches hybrid vehicle are proposed and discussed regarding the Pareto front and the evolution of the energy management strategy.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133233878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007007
Xi Zhang, Chengliang Yin, Ying Jiang, S. Pan
This paper presents an active power filtering (APF) method to reduce battery ripple currents negative to battery lifetime extension, in hybrid energy storage system (HESS) based electric vehicles (EVs). Deriving theoretical basis, the DC bus current is decomposed by improved Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in real time, without knowing the driving cycle profile. With integration of motor information, the problem of FFT fundamental frequency and phase decision is solved for the first time in spite of its application to a DC system. A bidirectional DC-DC converter using chattering-free fixed-boundary-layer sliding mode (FBLSM) control helps the ultracapacitor deal with high-frequencies and part of low frequencies. Thus battery ripple currents can be reduced and its lifetime is extended. Simulated results validate the proposed method applied to HESS-based EVs.
{"title":"A Realtime APF Method for Battery Ripple Current Reduction in HESS-Based Electric Vehicles","authors":"Xi Zhang, Chengliang Yin, Ying Jiang, S. Pan","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007007","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an active power filtering (APF) method to reduce battery ripple currents negative to battery lifetime extension, in hybrid energy storage system (HESS) based electric vehicles (EVs). Deriving theoretical basis, the DC bus current is decomposed by improved Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in real time, without knowing the driving cycle profile. With integration of motor information, the problem of FFT fundamental frequency and phase decision is solved for the first time in spite of its application to a DC system. A bidirectional DC-DC converter using chattering-free fixed-boundary-layer sliding mode (FBLSM) control helps the ultracapacitor deal with high-frequencies and part of low frequencies. Thus battery ripple currents can be reduced and its lifetime is extended. Simulated results validate the proposed method applied to HESS-based EVs.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133562174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007029
Emilia Silvas, E. Bergshoeff, T. Hofman, M. Steinbuch
This paper discusses the integrated design problem related to determining the power specifications of the main subsystems (sizing) and the supervisory control (energy management). Different bi-level optimization methods, with the outer loop using algorithms as Genetic Algorithms, Sequential Quadratic Programming, Particle Swarm Optimization or Pattern Search (DIRECT) and the inner loop using Dynamic Programming, are benchmarked to optimally size a parallel topology of a heavy duty vehicle. Since the sizing and control of a hybrid vehicle is inherently a mixed-integer multi-objective optimization problem, the Pareto analyses are also addressed. The results shows significant fuel reduction by hybridization and engine downsizing and offer insights in the usability of these nested optimization approaches.
{"title":"Comparison of Bi-Level Optimization Frameworks for Sizing and Control of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle","authors":"Emilia Silvas, E. Bergshoeff, T. Hofman, M. Steinbuch","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the integrated design problem related to determining the power specifications of the main subsystems (sizing) and the supervisory control (energy management). Different bi-level optimization methods, with the outer loop using algorithms as Genetic Algorithms, Sequential Quadratic Programming, Particle Swarm Optimization or Pattern Search (DIRECT) and the inner loop using Dynamic Programming, are benchmarked to optimally size a parallel topology of a heavy duty vehicle. Since the sizing and control of a hybrid vehicle is inherently a mixed-integer multi-objective optimization problem, the Pareto analyses are also addressed. The results shows significant fuel reduction by hybridization and engine downsizing and offer insights in the usability of these nested optimization approaches.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114813038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007009
Kousuke Kondou, S. Doki
This paper describes a study on the vector control system for PMSM driven in frequency over kHz. As PMSM is generally driven by inverter, of which switching frequency is around 10kHz, driving voltage waveform become a pseudo rectangular wave rather than pseudo sinusoidal wave in the drive frequency (overmodulation mode of inverter). Therefore unavoidable low order harmonic current appears in current control loop and makes some troubles. Especially, the harmonics components disturb the closed current control system and limit the maximum speed/torque as a results. To solve this problem, authors have proposed a control system with harmonic current estimator, which reduces the harmonic components in the feedback current. Then, the control system has been evaluated in only driving frequency below 100Hz. In this paper, the proposed system is advanced for driving PMSM in frequency over kHz. The simulation results confirmed that the improved system can be applied to high speed motor.
{"title":"A Study on the Application of the PMSM Vector Control System for High Speed Motor in Inverter Overmodulation Range","authors":"Kousuke Kondou, S. Doki","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a study on the vector control system for PMSM driven in frequency over kHz. As PMSM is generally driven by inverter, of which switching frequency is around 10kHz, driving voltage waveform become a pseudo rectangular wave rather than pseudo sinusoidal wave in the drive frequency (overmodulation mode of inverter). Therefore unavoidable low order harmonic current appears in current control loop and makes some troubles. Especially, the harmonics components disturb the closed current control system and limit the maximum speed/torque as a results. To solve this problem, authors have proposed a control system with harmonic current estimator, which reduces the harmonic components in the feedback current. Then, the control system has been evaluated in only driving frequency below 100Hz. In this paper, the proposed system is advanced for driving PMSM in frequency over kHz. The simulation results confirmed that the improved system can be applied to high speed motor.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116158729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007014
F. Roy, F. Ossart, C. Marchand
On-going oil stock depletion and growing environmental concerns lead automakers to develop more efficient powertrains. Today, the most promising way forward consists in research on hybrid systems. Defining the most efficient powertrain requires a systemic design. In this paper, three main levers are used: powertrain architecture, energy management and electric components design. Different powertrain architectures (series, parallel and combined) are compared: their optimal energetic performances are calculated for different INRETS driving cycles by using dynamic programming as an optimal control strategy. The most promising hybrid powertrain is the parallel one. Its behavior is more closely analyzed so as to provide technical specifications for an optimal sizing of the electric components: electric machine and battery.
{"title":"An Optimal Energetic Approach for Systemic Design of Hybrid Powertrain","authors":"F. Roy, F. Ossart, C. Marchand","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007014","url":null,"abstract":"On-going oil stock depletion and growing environmental concerns lead automakers to develop more efficient powertrains. Today, the most promising way forward consists in research on hybrid systems. Defining the most efficient powertrain requires a systemic design. In this paper, three main levers are used: powertrain architecture, energy management and electric components design. Different powertrain architectures (series, parallel and combined) are compared: their optimal energetic performances are calculated for different INRETS driving cycles by using dynamic programming as an optimal control strategy. The most promising hybrid powertrain is the parallel one. Its behavior is more closely analyzed so as to provide technical specifications for an optimal sizing of the electric components: electric machine and battery.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115441937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007053
H. Seo, S. Cha, Kyo-Bum Lee, W. Lim, Kihan Kwon, Daero Park
A parallel type HEV has a power transfer device that is constructed by clutches and the device which is located between engine flywheel and electric traction motor is called 'Engine Clutch' When a traction motor of could not generate power to move, the HEV must launch only by engine power. In this situation the slip speed control and transmitted torque control are very important. In this study control strategies of dry type engine clutch is proposed to satisfy desired clutch engagement time and required torque at launch start condition. A dynamic model of a parallel type HEV driveline is constructed to apply the method proposed.
{"title":"Dry Type Engine Clutch Control for a Parallel HEV at Launch Start Condition","authors":"H. Seo, S. Cha, Kyo-Bum Lee, W. Lim, Kihan Kwon, Daero Park","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007053","url":null,"abstract":"A parallel type HEV has a power transfer device that is constructed by clutches and the device which is located between engine flywheel and electric traction motor is called 'Engine Clutch' When a traction motor of could not generate power to move, the HEV must launch only by engine power. In this situation the slip speed control and transmitted torque control are very important. In this study control strategies of dry type engine clutch is proposed to satisfy desired clutch engagement time and required torque at launch start condition. A dynamic model of a parallel type HEV driveline is constructed to apply the method proposed.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116420399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007056
C. Depature, W. Lhomme, A. Bouscayrol, P. Sicard, L. Boulon
In this paper, the traction system modeling of a commercial electric car is studied. Experimental data acquired during an on-road test drive are used to determine an efficiency map of the traction system. Using the deduced model, simulation results are compared to experimental results. The simulation tool using the proposed efficiency map method yields less than 5 % error on energy consumption compared to experimental test drive results.
{"title":"Efficiency Map of the Traction System of an Electric Vehicle from an On-Road Test Drive","authors":"C. Depature, W. Lhomme, A. Bouscayrol, P. Sicard, L. Boulon","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007056","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the traction system modeling of a commercial electric car is studied. Experimental data acquired during an on-road test drive are used to determine an efficiency map of the traction system. Using the deduced model, simulation results are compared to experimental results. The simulation tool using the proposed efficiency map method yields less than 5 % error on energy consumption compared to experimental test drive results.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116532001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007034
Paul Kreczanik, B. Jeanneret, S. Pélissier
Electric vehicle (EV) does not offer the same advantages and disadvantages than ICE car. User behavior of EV is certainly influenced by the specificity of their vehicle as: autonomy, significant recharge time, as well as the recovery of braking energy. As a result, profiles uses of EV may be different from those already known for ICE equivalent cars. This paper proposes a characterization method and an analysis of real uses observed with electric vehicles.
{"title":"Construction of Database on Real World Uses of Electric Vehicles - A French Case","authors":"Paul Kreczanik, B. Jeanneret, S. Pélissier","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007034","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicle (EV) does not offer the same advantages and disadvantages than ICE car. User behavior of EV is certainly influenced by the specificity of their vehicle as: autonomy, significant recharge time, as well as the recovery of braking energy. As a result, profiles uses of EV may be different from those already known for ICE equivalent cars. This paper proposes a characterization method and an analysis of real uses observed with electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123389491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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