Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007074
S. Morando, S. Jemei, R. Gouriveau, N. Zerhouni, D. Hissel
The Hydrogen energy vector is one of the possible solutions to overcome future energy crisis announced by the International Energy Agency. However, various bottleneck, whether technological or societal, slow the industrial interest for this technology and therefore the mass production of fuel cells. Among these locks that may be mentioned one relating to the still limited useful lifetime of the fuel cells. To improve this lifetime, one of the existing approaches is to use the discipline of PHM (for Prognostics and Health Management). This discipline aims to improve the efficiency of control and maintenance operations on the system by using diagnostic or prognostics algorithms. This article covers the prognostics aspect of PHM applied to a PEMFC using an algorithm based on a tool from the reservoir computing discipline to predict the Remaining Useful Lifetime.
{"title":"Fuel Cells Remaining Useful Lifetime Forecasting Using Echo State Network","authors":"S. Morando, S. Jemei, R. Gouriveau, N. Zerhouni, D. Hissel","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007074","url":null,"abstract":"The Hydrogen energy vector is one of the possible solutions to overcome future energy crisis announced by the International Energy Agency. However, various bottleneck, whether technological or societal, slow the industrial interest for this technology and therefore the mass production of fuel cells. Among these locks that may be mentioned one relating to the still limited useful lifetime of the fuel cells. To improve this lifetime, one of the existing approaches is to use the discipline of PHM (for Prognostics and Health Management). This discipline aims to improve the efficiency of control and maintenance operations on the system by using diagnostic or prognostics algorithms. This article covers the prognostics aspect of PHM applied to a PEMFC using an algorithm based on a tool from the reservoir computing discipline to predict the Remaining Useful Lifetime.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133734460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007120
I. Bolvashenkov, H. Herzog, A. Rubinraut, V. Romanovskiy
The paper presents the results of many years of research studies of marine electric propulsion systems, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their suitability for various types of vessels. It is concluded that at the modern level of development of electrical engineering, materials and equipment, economic efficiency of vessels with electric propulsion is quite competitive with the efficiency of vessels with mechanical transmission of power to the propeller, and in terms of environmental performance, significantly exceed them. The greatest advantages electric propulsion systems have for ferries, icebreakers, tankers and bulk carriers Arctic, cruise liners.
{"title":"Possible Ways to Improve the Efficiency and Competitiveness of Modern Ships with Electric Propulsion Systems","authors":"I. Bolvashenkov, H. Herzog, A. Rubinraut, V. Romanovskiy","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007120","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of many years of research studies of marine electric propulsion systems, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their suitability for various types of vessels. It is concluded that at the modern level of development of electrical engineering, materials and equipment, economic efficiency of vessels with electric propulsion is quite competitive with the efficiency of vessels with mechanical transmission of power to the propeller, and in terms of environmental performance, significantly exceed them. The greatest advantages electric propulsion systems have for ferries, icebreakers, tankers and bulk carriers Arctic, cruise liners.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132251900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007029
Emilia Silvas, E. Bergshoeff, T. Hofman, M. Steinbuch
This paper discusses the integrated design problem related to determining the power specifications of the main subsystems (sizing) and the supervisory control (energy management). Different bi-level optimization methods, with the outer loop using algorithms as Genetic Algorithms, Sequential Quadratic Programming, Particle Swarm Optimization or Pattern Search (DIRECT) and the inner loop using Dynamic Programming, are benchmarked to optimally size a parallel topology of a heavy duty vehicle. Since the sizing and control of a hybrid vehicle is inherently a mixed-integer multi-objective optimization problem, the Pareto analyses are also addressed. The results shows significant fuel reduction by hybridization and engine downsizing and offer insights in the usability of these nested optimization approaches.
{"title":"Comparison of Bi-Level Optimization Frameworks for Sizing and Control of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle","authors":"Emilia Silvas, E. Bergshoeff, T. Hofman, M. Steinbuch","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the integrated design problem related to determining the power specifications of the main subsystems (sizing) and the supervisory control (energy management). Different bi-level optimization methods, with the outer loop using algorithms as Genetic Algorithms, Sequential Quadratic Programming, Particle Swarm Optimization or Pattern Search (DIRECT) and the inner loop using Dynamic Programming, are benchmarked to optimally size a parallel topology of a heavy duty vehicle. Since the sizing and control of a hybrid vehicle is inherently a mixed-integer multi-objective optimization problem, the Pareto analyses are also addressed. The results shows significant fuel reduction by hybridization and engine downsizing and offer insights in the usability of these nested optimization approaches.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114813038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007014
F. Roy, F. Ossart, C. Marchand
On-going oil stock depletion and growing environmental concerns lead automakers to develop more efficient powertrains. Today, the most promising way forward consists in research on hybrid systems. Defining the most efficient powertrain requires a systemic design. In this paper, three main levers are used: powertrain architecture, energy management and electric components design. Different powertrain architectures (series, parallel and combined) are compared: their optimal energetic performances are calculated for different INRETS driving cycles by using dynamic programming as an optimal control strategy. The most promising hybrid powertrain is the parallel one. Its behavior is more closely analyzed so as to provide technical specifications for an optimal sizing of the electric components: electric machine and battery.
{"title":"An Optimal Energetic Approach for Systemic Design of Hybrid Powertrain","authors":"F. Roy, F. Ossart, C. Marchand","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007014","url":null,"abstract":"On-going oil stock depletion and growing environmental concerns lead automakers to develop more efficient powertrains. Today, the most promising way forward consists in research on hybrid systems. Defining the most efficient powertrain requires a systemic design. In this paper, three main levers are used: powertrain architecture, energy management and electric components design. Different powertrain architectures (series, parallel and combined) are compared: their optimal energetic performances are calculated for different INRETS driving cycles by using dynamic programming as an optimal control strategy. The most promising hybrid powertrain is the parallel one. Its behavior is more closely analyzed so as to provide technical specifications for an optimal sizing of the electric components: electric machine and battery.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115441937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007020
Jong-dae Choi, Jongryeol Jeong, S. Cha, Yeongil I. Park
Among eco-friendly vehicles, extended range electric vehicle (E-REV) is concept for electric vehicle that has light engine for extended range driving. One of the most important features of these vehicles based electricity is their ability to recover significant amounts of braking energy. Recovering the braking energy and reusing it can significantly improve the fuel economy of the vehicle which is subject to frequent braking events such as a city bus. To develop the E-REV bus, the regenerative braking effect should be checked in advance. However, because of many technical constraints, regenerative braking should consider some conditions like vehicle speed, accelerator pedal signal, brake pedal signal, battery voltage and so on. Hence, regenerative braking torque is assumed as 2D and 3D maps with these conditions based on simulation. Fuel economy simulations are conducted to analyze regenerative braking effect according to driving cycle. They consist of E-REV bus without regenerative braking and with regenerative braking torque maps. Fuel economy difference between two cases was calculated and driving cycles were analyzed. Among the characteristic analyzed, the aggressiveness means harshness of driving cycle. And the inclination between the aggressiveness and the fuel economy difference is verified. The smaller absolute value of the aggressiveness is, the smaller fuel economy difference is. In short, the aggressiveness and the regenerative braking effect have direct proportion. According to the obvious tendency, proper regenerative braking should be determined.
{"title":"Analysis of Regenerative Braking Effect for E-REV Bus According to Driving Cycle Based on Simulation","authors":"Jong-dae Choi, Jongryeol Jeong, S. Cha, Yeongil I. Park","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007020","url":null,"abstract":"Among eco-friendly vehicles, extended range electric vehicle (E-REV) is concept for electric vehicle that has light engine for extended range driving. One of the most important features of these vehicles based electricity is their ability to recover significant amounts of braking energy. Recovering the braking energy and reusing it can significantly improve the fuel economy of the vehicle which is subject to frequent braking events such as a city bus. To develop the E-REV bus, the regenerative braking effect should be checked in advance. However, because of many technical constraints, regenerative braking should consider some conditions like vehicle speed, accelerator pedal signal, brake pedal signal, battery voltage and so on. Hence, regenerative braking torque is assumed as 2D and 3D maps with these conditions based on simulation. Fuel economy simulations are conducted to analyze regenerative braking effect according to driving cycle. They consist of E-REV bus without regenerative braking and with regenerative braking torque maps. Fuel economy difference between two cases was calculated and driving cycles were analyzed. Among the characteristic analyzed, the aggressiveness means harshness of driving cycle. And the inclination between the aggressiveness and the fuel economy difference is verified. The smaller absolute value of the aggressiveness is, the smaller fuel economy difference is. In short, the aggressiveness and the regenerative braking effect have direct proportion. According to the obvious tendency, proper regenerative braking should be determined.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123293608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007034
Paul Kreczanik, B. Jeanneret, S. Pélissier
Electric vehicle (EV) does not offer the same advantages and disadvantages than ICE car. User behavior of EV is certainly influenced by the specificity of their vehicle as: autonomy, significant recharge time, as well as the recovery of braking energy. As a result, profiles uses of EV may be different from those already known for ICE equivalent cars. This paper proposes a characterization method and an analysis of real uses observed with electric vehicles.
{"title":"Construction of Database on Real World Uses of Electric Vehicles - A French Case","authors":"Paul Kreczanik, B. Jeanneret, S. Pélissier","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007034","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicle (EV) does not offer the same advantages and disadvantages than ICE car. User behavior of EV is certainly influenced by the specificity of their vehicle as: autonomy, significant recharge time, as well as the recovery of braking energy. As a result, profiles uses of EV may be different from those already known for ICE equivalent cars. This paper proposes a characterization method and an analysis of real uses observed with electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123389491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007042
O. Wallmark, M. Nybacka, Daniel Malmquist, M. Burman, Per Wennhage, Peter Georén
This paper introduces the Research Concept Vehicle (RCV), an experimental research and demonstration vehicle developed at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The vehicle is intended as a platform to implement, validate, and demonstrate research results from different research projects carried out at KTH. In its first generation, the RCV is a pure electric vehicle where each wheel is equipped with an in-wheel motor and individual steering and camber actuators. This high level of over actuation allows for a wide range of experimental evaluation in several fields of research, which is listed in this paper. Results from initial experimental test drives are also included.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of an Experimental Research and Concept Demonstration Vehicle","authors":"O. Wallmark, M. Nybacka, Daniel Malmquist, M. Burman, Per Wennhage, Peter Georén","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the Research Concept Vehicle (RCV), an experimental research and demonstration vehicle developed at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. The vehicle is intended as a platform to implement, validate, and demonstrate research results from different research projects carried out at KTH. In its first generation, the RCV is a pure electric vehicle where each wheel is equipped with an in-wheel motor and individual steering and camber actuators. This high level of over actuation allows for a wide range of experimental evaluation in several fields of research, which is listed in this paper. Results from initial experimental test drives are also included.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130203040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007009
Kousuke Kondou, S. Doki
This paper describes a study on the vector control system for PMSM driven in frequency over kHz. As PMSM is generally driven by inverter, of which switching frequency is around 10kHz, driving voltage waveform become a pseudo rectangular wave rather than pseudo sinusoidal wave in the drive frequency (overmodulation mode of inverter). Therefore unavoidable low order harmonic current appears in current control loop and makes some troubles. Especially, the harmonics components disturb the closed current control system and limit the maximum speed/torque as a results. To solve this problem, authors have proposed a control system with harmonic current estimator, which reduces the harmonic components in the feedback current. Then, the control system has been evaluated in only driving frequency below 100Hz. In this paper, the proposed system is advanced for driving PMSM in frequency over kHz. The simulation results confirmed that the improved system can be applied to high speed motor.
{"title":"A Study on the Application of the PMSM Vector Control System for High Speed Motor in Inverter Overmodulation Range","authors":"Kousuke Kondou, S. Doki","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a study on the vector control system for PMSM driven in frequency over kHz. As PMSM is generally driven by inverter, of which switching frequency is around 10kHz, driving voltage waveform become a pseudo rectangular wave rather than pseudo sinusoidal wave in the drive frequency (overmodulation mode of inverter). Therefore unavoidable low order harmonic current appears in current control loop and makes some troubles. Especially, the harmonics components disturb the closed current control system and limit the maximum speed/torque as a results. To solve this problem, authors have proposed a control system with harmonic current estimator, which reduces the harmonic components in the feedback current. Then, the control system has been evaluated in only driving frequency below 100Hz. In this paper, the proposed system is advanced for driving PMSM in frequency over kHz. The simulation results confirmed that the improved system can be applied to high speed motor.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116158729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007053
H. Seo, S. Cha, Kyo-Bum Lee, W. Lim, Kihan Kwon, Daero Park
A parallel type HEV has a power transfer device that is constructed by clutches and the device which is located between engine flywheel and electric traction motor is called 'Engine Clutch' When a traction motor of could not generate power to move, the HEV must launch only by engine power. In this situation the slip speed control and transmitted torque control are very important. In this study control strategies of dry type engine clutch is proposed to satisfy desired clutch engagement time and required torque at launch start condition. A dynamic model of a parallel type HEV driveline is constructed to apply the method proposed.
{"title":"Dry Type Engine Clutch Control for a Parallel HEV at Launch Start Condition","authors":"H. Seo, S. Cha, Kyo-Bum Lee, W. Lim, Kihan Kwon, Daero Park","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007053","url":null,"abstract":"A parallel type HEV has a power transfer device that is constructed by clutches and the device which is located between engine flywheel and electric traction motor is called 'Engine Clutch' When a traction motor of could not generate power to move, the HEV must launch only by engine power. In this situation the slip speed control and transmitted torque control are very important. In this study control strategies of dry type engine clutch is proposed to satisfy desired clutch engagement time and required torque at launch start condition. A dynamic model of a parallel type HEV driveline is constructed to apply the method proposed.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116420399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007056
C. Depature, W. Lhomme, A. Bouscayrol, P. Sicard, L. Boulon
In this paper, the traction system modeling of a commercial electric car is studied. Experimental data acquired during an on-road test drive are used to determine an efficiency map of the traction system. Using the deduced model, simulation results are compared to experimental results. The simulation tool using the proposed efficiency map method yields less than 5 % error on energy consumption compared to experimental test drive results.
{"title":"Efficiency Map of the Traction System of an Electric Vehicle from an On-Road Test Drive","authors":"C. Depature, W. Lhomme, A. Bouscayrol, P. Sicard, L. Boulon","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007056","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the traction system modeling of a commercial electric car is studied. Experimental data acquired during an on-road test drive are used to determine an efficiency map of the traction system. Using the deduced model, simulation results are compared to experimental results. The simulation tool using the proposed efficiency map method yields less than 5 % error on energy consumption compared to experimental test drive results.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"188 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116532001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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