Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007093
L. Miegeville, P. Guerin, Dominique Dreulle
With the broad introduction of ever more electric equipment and devices aboard military vehicles, demands in energy supply is being increased to fit the mission requirements. The original aspect of this work is to propose a comprehensive review of the correlations between the energy consumption of the auxiliary equipment and the driving patterns in military areas. The tendency to serial correlation of the auxiliary power is also examined and argued. The longer term purpose is to determine the best suited model of the auxiliary power in order to properly size the electrical sources such as storage devices and generators.
{"title":"Investigation of Correlations between Driving Patterns and Power Demand of Auxiliary Devices Aboard Military Vehicles","authors":"L. Miegeville, P. Guerin, Dominique Dreulle","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007093","url":null,"abstract":"With the broad introduction of ever more electric equipment and devices aboard military vehicles, demands in energy supply is being increased to fit the mission requirements. The original aspect of this work is to propose a comprehensive review of the correlations between the energy consumption of the auxiliary equipment and the driving patterns in military areas. The tendency to serial correlation of the auxiliary power is also examined and argued. The longer term purpose is to determine the best suited model of the auxiliary power in order to properly size the electrical sources such as storage devices and generators.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124287261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007147
G. Chiappori, P. Le Moigne, P. Delarue, M. Chemin
This article presents a new Linear Voltage Stabilization System (LVSS) specially meant for 181;- hybrid vehicles using the Stop-Start function. The LVSS stabilizes the battery voltage mainly during the start-up of the ICE limiting the load current using parallels MOSFETs working in linear mode. The Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) is used to model the system and to design its control system. The main advantages of the LVSS are the low price, small volume and the fact of avoiding EMC perturbation. The concept is validated testing the prototype in a real car.
{"title":"Voltage Stabilization System for Stop - Start Vehicles: Systemic Approach","authors":"G. Chiappori, P. Le Moigne, P. Delarue, M. Chemin","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007147","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a new Linear Voltage Stabilization System (LVSS) specially meant for 181;- hybrid vehicles using the Stop-Start function. The LVSS stabilizes the battery voltage mainly during the start-up of the ICE limiting the load current using parallels MOSFETs working in linear mode. The Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) is used to model the system and to design its control system. The main advantages of the LVSS are the low price, small volume and the fact of avoiding EMC perturbation. The concept is validated testing the prototype in a real car.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117329350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007097
J. Jaguemont, L. Boulon, Y. Dubé, D. Poudrier
As all drivers in cold countries know, operating HEV/EV's at cold temperature is rather difficult. Indeed, cold weather increases the internal resistance of the battery system creating a high opposing force while operating the battery: slowdown of Li+ diffusivity and decrease of ionic conductivity of electrolyte. Thereby, it limits the amount of energy extracted and reduces cell energy and power capability. Therefore, Li-Ion sensitivity to temperature remains one of the major obstacles to HEV/VE's market penetration. In fact, until now, investigations of low-temperature behaviors of Li-ion cells barely provide suitable information because they have only been extended to small battery capacities or non-currently used HEV/VE's batteries. Therefore, a complete thermal characterization of an actual HEV/VE's battery is missing. This characterization is described in this paper. Indeed; a 100 Ah lithium LiFePO4Mn HEV battery was tested under various operating conditions. The experimental process includes charging at ambient temperature, and discharging under extreme cold weather. The experimentations was conducted at four different temperatures to study the effect of seasonal changes in temperature.
{"title":"Low Temperature Discharge Cycle Tests for a Lithium Ion Cell","authors":"J. Jaguemont, L. Boulon, Y. Dubé, D. Poudrier","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007097","url":null,"abstract":"As all drivers in cold countries know, operating HEV/EV's at cold temperature is rather difficult. Indeed, cold weather increases the internal resistance of the battery system creating a high opposing force while operating the battery: slowdown of Li+ diffusivity and decrease of ionic conductivity of electrolyte. Thereby, it limits the amount of energy extracted and reduces cell energy and power capability. Therefore, Li-Ion sensitivity to temperature remains one of the major obstacles to HEV/VE's market penetration. In fact, until now, investigations of low-temperature behaviors of Li-ion cells barely provide suitable information because they have only been extended to small battery capacities or non-currently used HEV/VE's batteries. Therefore, a complete thermal characterization of an actual HEV/VE's battery is missing. This characterization is described in this paper. Indeed; a 100 Ah lithium LiFePO4Mn HEV battery was tested under various operating conditions. The experimental process includes charging at ambient temperature, and discharging under extreme cold weather. The experimentations was conducted at four different temperatures to study the effect of seasonal changes in temperature.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123487715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007100
Z. Asus, D. Chrenko, E. Aglzim, A. Kebairi, A. Kéromnès, Luis Le-Moyne
Action-reaction principle of Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) and its Inversion Based Control (IBC) is used to organize subsystems interconnection of Noao, a plug-in series hybrid race car equipped with lithium-ion battery pack and an engine/generator set as its range extender, according to the physical causality. Results from drive test of the real car are used to validate the model. The objective of this paper is to provide a dynamic model of this car in order to improve its control scheme and analyse the impact of its optimisation.
{"title":"Model and Control Strategy Simulation of a Racing Series Hybrid Car","authors":"Z. Asus, D. Chrenko, E. Aglzim, A. Kebairi, A. Kéromnès, Luis Le-Moyne","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007100","url":null,"abstract":"Action-reaction principle of Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) and its Inversion Based Control (IBC) is used to organize subsystems interconnection of Noao, a plug-in series hybrid race car equipped with lithium-ion battery pack and an engine/generator set as its range extender, according to the physical causality. Results from drive test of the real car are used to validate the model. The objective of this paper is to provide a dynamic model of this car in order to improve its control scheme and analyse the impact of its optimisation.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115480755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007087
P. Keil, A. Jossen
Electric vehicles based on high-energy Li-ion batteries often show a substantial loss in performance at cold temperatures: Due to slower electrochemical kinetics, internal resistances of the battery rise and available power and capacity diminish. In order to overcome these weaknesses, a selection of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) is investigated here: Different hybrid systems combine a high-energy Li-ion battery with either a double-layer capacitor or a Li-ion capacitor or a high-power Li-ion battery. For these three types of HESS, experimental studies performed at various temperatures reveal available energy under realistic driving conditions. At temperatures of 0 oC and below, an increased driving range can be achieved with two of the three HESS combinations. Depending on the available space for the energy storage system, either the HESS utilizing a Li-ion capacitor or the HESS utilizing a high-power Li-ion battery is found to be the most promising solution for electric vehicle applications.
{"title":"Improving the Low-Temperature Performance of Electric Vehicles by Hybrid Energy Storage Systems","authors":"P. Keil, A. Jossen","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007087","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles based on high-energy Li-ion batteries often show a substantial loss in performance at cold temperatures: Due to slower electrochemical kinetics, internal resistances of the battery rise and available power and capacity diminish. In order to overcome these weaknesses, a selection of hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) is investigated here: Different hybrid systems combine a high-energy Li-ion battery with either a double-layer capacitor or a Li-ion capacitor or a high-power Li-ion battery. For these three types of HESS, experimental studies performed at various temperatures reveal available energy under realistic driving conditions. At temperatures of 0 oC and below, an increased driving range can be achieved with two of the three HESS combinations. Depending on the available space for the energy storage system, either the HESS utilizing a Li-ion capacitor or the HESS utilizing a high-power Li-ion battery is found to be the most promising solution for electric vehicle applications.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124905174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7006996
I. Subotic, E. Levi, N. Bodo
The paper considers a novel fast charging topology for electric vehicles (EVs). Instead of being made as a separate unit, the proposed on-board charger utilizes power electronics components that already exist inside the vehicle, namely an asymmetrical six-phase propulsion motor and a six-phase inverter. The charger can operate at unity power factor, and is capable of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation as well. Additional degrees of freedom of the six-phase machine are employed in order to transfer a part of excitation from the torque producing to non-torque/flux producing plane of the machine. Consequently, electromagnetic torque is not produced in the machine during the charging/V2G process, so that the rotor does not have to be mechanically locked. A theoretical analysis of the operating principles is reported, and simulation results are given for both charging and V2G mode of operation.
{"title":"A Fast On-Board Integrated Battery Charger for EVs Using an Asymmetrical Six-Phase Machine","authors":"I. Subotic, E. Levi, N. Bodo","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7006996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7006996","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers a novel fast charging topology for electric vehicles (EVs). Instead of being made as a separate unit, the proposed on-board charger utilizes power electronics components that already exist inside the vehicle, namely an asymmetrical six-phase propulsion motor and a six-phase inverter. The charger can operate at unity power factor, and is capable of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation as well. Additional degrees of freedom of the six-phase machine are employed in order to transfer a part of excitation from the torque producing to non-torque/flux producing plane of the machine. Consequently, electromagnetic torque is not produced in the machine during the charging/V2G process, so that the rotor does not have to be mechanically locked. A theoretical analysis of the operating principles is reported, and simulation results are given for both charging and V2G mode of operation.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"411 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123386994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007141
S. Schoerle, E. Hoene, S. Hoffmann, A. Kuczmik, K. Lang
Automotive high voltage components are developed and tested independently regardless to the system they are implemented in. The first system test is not performed before all components are implemented in a real car setup. This paper describes a modelling and simulation method to verify the intra system compatibility of each component to ensure their proper operation regarding control loop stability and EMC within the high voltage grid. The models used are gained from real component measurements to create a black-box equivalent containing sufficient information for a system simulation without requesting too much information which is under supplier's intellectual property.
{"title":"System Simulation of Automotive High Voltage Grids: Modelling of Power Converters and Connecting Cables","authors":"S. Schoerle, E. Hoene, S. Hoffmann, A. Kuczmik, K. Lang","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007141","url":null,"abstract":"Automotive high voltage components are developed and tested independently regardless to the system they are implemented in. The first system test is not performed before all components are implemented in a real car setup. This paper describes a modelling and simulation method to verify the intra system compatibility of each component to ensure their proper operation regarding control loop stability and EMC within the high voltage grid. The models used are gained from real component measurements to create a black-box equivalent containing sufficient information for a system simulation without requesting too much information which is under supplier's intellectual property.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"125 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128776727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007143
R. Zanasi, F. Grossi
The aim of this paper is to show how mechanical systems with time-varying inertia can be modeled by using the Power-Oriented Graphs technique. The reduced time-varying system is obtained starting from an extended Power-Oriented Graph model with masses and elasticities and applying a rectangular congruent transformation which eliminates the elasticities. The presented method is compared with the well established Bond Graphs modeling technique. The model of a crank-connecting rod system is considered as an example.
{"title":"The Power-Oriented Graphs for Modeling Mechanical Systems with Time-Varying Inertia","authors":"R. Zanasi, F. Grossi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007143","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to show how mechanical systems with time-varying inertia can be modeled by using the Power-Oriented Graphs technique. The reduced time-varying system is obtained starting from an extended Power-Oriented Graph model with masses and elasticities and applying a rectangular congruent transformation which eliminates the elasticities. The presented method is compared with the well established Bond Graphs modeling technique. The model of a crank-connecting rod system is considered as an example.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123814769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007128
Sang-soo Lee, Gi-hyoung Park, Myung-kil Jung
In this paper, the way to compensate for flux error caused by estimated stator resistance error will be suggested when PLPF is utilized as flux estimator, which is used for sensorless vector control of induction motor. For the highly efficient sensorless control, flux estimation method using PLPF has been widely used. To accurately obtain flux using PLPF, it is significant to estimate synchronous angular velocity. Therefore, the way to make use of PLPF's phase lag error has been suggested; however, to be more accurate, flux magnitude error should be seriously considered and compensated. Error of flux magnitude usually takes place because of estimation error of stator resistance. For this reason, this paper works out a way to make up for the flux magnitude error while using PLPF and it would be proved with simulations and experimental results.
{"title":"Sensorless Stator Flux Oriented Control of Induction Motors Using PLPF with Flux Error Compensator","authors":"Sang-soo Lee, Gi-hyoung Park, Myung-kil Jung","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007128","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the way to compensate for flux error caused by estimated stator resistance error will be suggested when PLPF is utilized as flux estimator, which is used for sensorless vector control of induction motor. For the highly efficient sensorless control, flux estimation method using PLPF has been widely used. To accurately obtain flux using PLPF, it is significant to estimate synchronous angular velocity. Therefore, the way to make use of PLPF's phase lag error has been suggested; however, to be more accurate, flux magnitude error should be seriously considered and compensated. Error of flux magnitude usually takes place because of estimation error of stator resistance. For this reason, this paper works out a way to make up for the flux magnitude error while using PLPF and it would be proved with simulations and experimental results.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126881407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-10-01DOI: 10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007123
Masaki Miki, Y. Taguchi
We experimentally show that by parallelly connecting Lithium Ion Capacitor (LIC) with Lithium Ion Battery (LIB), the current of the LIB decreases, and the rise in temperature, a degradation factor in the quality, is reduced. The rise in temperature of the LIB is related to the current and the internal resistance of the LIB. We also show that the current distribution between LIB and LIC is calculated with high accuracy from a simple model, in which LIB and LIC are represented by a series circuit of internal resistance and capacitance.
{"title":"Reduction of Current and Rise in Temperature of Lithium Ion Battery by Combining with Lithium Ion Capacitor","authors":"Masaki Miki, Y. Taguchi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2014.7007123","url":null,"abstract":"We experimentally show that by parallelly connecting Lithium Ion Capacitor (LIC) with Lithium Ion Battery (LIB), the current of the LIB decreases, and the rise in temperature, a degradation factor in the quality, is reduced. The rise in temperature of the LIB is related to the current and the internal resistance of the LIB. We also show that the current distribution between LIB and LIC is calculated with high accuracy from a simple model, in which LIB and LIC are represented by a series circuit of internal resistance and capacitance.","PeriodicalId":133160,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC)","volume":"345 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122321667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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