Iet Electric Power Applications最新文献

In industrial applications, motor operational status is crucial for production efficiency. However, timely detection and prediction of motor faults present significant challenges, often resulting in production incidents and substantial maintenance costs. This paper presents a novel approach for assessing motor equipment health based on knowledge-embedded machine learning and statistical data evaluation. Specifically, the methodology first employs mechanism-based motor operational models and statistical methods to identify key variable parameters associated with typical operational states from extensive monitoring variables, serving as input layers for machine learning algorithms. Subsequently, the study utilises machine learning algorithms to predict labels for normal operation, phase loss faults and overload faults, incorporating health degradation levels as knowledge-embedded foundations for the health state assessment. Finally, the Comprehensive Health Index (CHI) was evaluated, achieving 98.1% health assessment accuracy on test datasets in environments with data sampling frequencies below 1 Hz and relatively low data quality. This methodology establishes relationships between health states and actual fault records through a dynamic weight allocation strategy that provides quantified percentage values, reflecting actual equipment usage patterns and degradation trends. It bridges the gap between theoretical diagnostic accuracy and practical industrial implementation requirements, providing highly robust maintenance strategies for industrial scenarios.

In urban rail train traction motors, bearings serve as critical core components whose health status directly impacts traction motor operational performance and safety. Among various traction motor fault types, bearing faults have emerged as one of the most frequently occurring failure modes. However, the frequent start-stop operations and significant passenger capacity fluctuations characteristic of urban rail trains make stable operating condition data collection challenging, which has severely limited the engineering applicability of existing bearing fault diagnosis methods. This study proposes a bearing fault diagnosis method integrating SPWVD and YOLOv11: the method converts one-dimensional vibration signals into two-dimensional time–frequency maps using the SPWVD algorithm; these maps are then processed based on fault mechanisms and input into the YOLOv11 deep learning model learning and classification. Experimental results demonstrate that this method transcends the adaptability limitations of traditional time–frequency analysis under complex operating conditions and overcomes the multi-scale feature learning bottlenecks of CNN, achieving reliable bearing fault diagnosis under constant-speed conditions while maintaining over 90% accuracy in complex scenarios such as variable speed and strong noise, thereby significantly enhancing the robustness and universality of bearing fault diagnosis methods in engineering applications.

In the field of bearing fault diagnosis, effectively extracting critical information from raw motor signals while ensuring high accuracy and minimising computational resources remains a significant challenge. This study proposes a novel bearing fault diagnosis model consisting of three main stages: feature extraction, feature selection, and classification. In the feature extraction stage, empirical mode decomposition (EMD), Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) and fast fourier transform (FFT) are utilised to extract features from raw motor signals. In the feature selection stage, a novel hybrid feature selection method combining genetic algorithm (GA) and binary state transition algorithm (BSTA) is proposed enhancing the model's performance. This research has also added a new memory function to the algorithm to avoid unnecessary computational waste. In the classification stage, k-nearest neighbours (k-NN) and support vector machine (SVM) are employed to evaluate the classification accuracy after feature selection. To validate the performance of the proposed model, experiments were conducted on four bearing fault datasets, including the University of California Irvine (UCI) benchmark dataset, Motor Bearing Fault Current Signal Dataset, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) benchmark dataset and Mechanical Fault Prevention Technology (MFPT) benchmark dataset. In case study 1, using the UCI dataset for testing, GBSTA-M reduced computation time by up to 94% compared with traditional algorithms. In case study 3, GBSTA-M combined with SVM achieved an accuracy of 98.7% on the MFPT dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to conventional methods, the proposed model not only achieves higher fault diagnosis accuracy but also significantly reduces computational resource requirements in specific scenarios while exhibiting excellent robustness.

This paper presents an enhanced robust filtering algorithm designed for integrated SINS/GNSS navigation systems operating under nonGaussian noise conditions. To address the challenges posed by heavy-tailed noise distributions, a novel noise modelling framework based on Student's t-distribution is developed, which provides superior outlier resilience compared to conventional Gaussian assumptions. Furthermore, a Gaussian mixture model representation is employed for both the one-step predicted and likelihood probability density functions, enabling more accurate quantification of uncertainty. Additionally, a variational Bayesian-based adaptive mechanism is employed for dynamic scale matrix optimisation, effectively mitigating the impact of process noise outliers. Extensive experimental validation, including Monte Carlo simulations and vehicular tests, demonstrates the algorithm's superior performance in SINS/GNSS integration scenarios. Comparative results indicate significant improvements in positioning accuracy and robust convergence characteristics relative to a decent number of iterations.

The transformer is an important equipment in power systems. However, prolonged abnormal conditions can lead to significant damage of the transformer equipment. The current finite element analysis (FEA) method for calculating the internal physical field of transformers is time-consuming, limiting its practicality for fast simulation. This paper focuses on predicting the internal magnetic fields of transformers under overvoltage conditions, which cause irregular changes in the transformer magnetic fields due to overvoltage. Simulation datasets of transformer magnetic field under overvoltage conditions were acquired via the COMSOL software. Subsequent analysis elucidated the influence of overvoltage parameters on the electrical characteristics of transformers. Furthermore, the dimensionality of input features relevant to magnetic field prediction was expanded. Convolutional neural network (CNN) model was then employed to forecast the internal magnetic fields of transformers under overvoltage conditions. Experimental results were compared with Random Forest (RF), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and deep neural network (DNN) models, demonstrating the efficiency of deep learning methods in predicting transformer magnetic fields under overvoltage conditions.

To design the permanent magnetic eddy current couplers (PMECCs), modelling the magnetic field is essential. Traditional equivalent magnetic circuit methods and analytical methods often rely heavily on expert experience, whereas finite element methods (FEM) demand significant computational resources and time. Recently, the physics-informed neural network (PINN) has emerged as a novel approach for modelling electromagnetic fields. To fully harness the potential of PINN, eliminate reliance on data sets, and enhance the generalisation ability of multi-scale physical systems, we simplify the physical model of PMECCs and analyse its inherent boundary conditions based on the fundamental properties of electromagnetic fields. A dimensionless and unsupervised PINN, employing dimensional analysis to reduce the dimensions of the physical variables in the system was proposed. The dimensionless PINN (DPINN) is trained through unsupervised learning to solve the magnetic field equations and predict PMECC performance. Furthermore, dimensional analysis and transfer learning method are applied to enable the network to address a broader class of problems, resulting in a 92% reduction in training cost. The solution results, compared with those from the finite element method and analytical solution, exhibit similar error magnitudes (10⁻⁴ Wb/m), confirming the method's high accuracy.

This paper proposes an AI-driven few-shot learning approach for fault diagnosis in permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), utilising a prototypical network to accurately differentiate among healthy conditions, single-fault states (ITSCF or LDMF) and mixed-fault scenarios (i.e., when the two types of faults occur simultaneously) with limited training data. Addressing these concurrent faults is particularly significant due to the potential interactions between their underlying mechanisms (e.g., high current spikes from an ITSCF causing possible magnet demagnetisation) and the increased complexity of their combined diagnostic signatures, posing significant challenges to accurate diagnosis. The study first simulates and analyses motor stator current characteristics, identifying them as key diagnostic signals for both fault types. Experimental validation measures stator current from both healthy and faulty motors. Through training with a minimal amount of data, the proposed model using a prototypical network achieves over 98% accuracy in diagnosing mixed faults (i.e., ITSCF, LDMF or a combination of both), significantly outperforming convolutional neural network (CNN)-based methods (80%). Furthermore, demonstrating a key advancement for few-shot learning in this domain, when trained on only a few labelled fault patterns, the model correctly classifies unseen faults with 81% accuracy, compared to CNN's 70%, demonstrating strong generalisation and scalability for real-world applications.

This paper addresses the challenge of limited labelled data in induction machine fault diagnosis by applying deep transfer learning with convolutional neural networks to classify ball bearing health conditions. Specifically, the objective is to classify ring and cage failures in ball bearings using a limited dataset acquired from an experimental test bench. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on vibration sensors, this study uses noninvasive current signals. Moreover, this study introduces a novel preprocessing approach that filters out the fundamental frequency of the current signal to enhance fault-related harmonics in time–frequency representations generated via continuous wavelet transform and short-time Fourier transform. Five pre-trained convolutional neural networks—ResNet18, ResNet50, VGG16, AlexNet and GoogLeNet—are fine-tuned on these representations, demonstrating up to a 47% improvement in classification accuracy. Furthermore, the approach maintains high accuracy even with only 10% of the original dataset, showcasing its sample efficiency. This work contributes to a scalable and data-efficient solution for reliable condition monitoring in industrial settings, further advancing the use of current signals for fault diagnosis.

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted much attention recently due to their unique advantages, such as directly fitting the strong form of partial differential equations (PDEs) and not requiring a mesh. These advantages make them suitable for solving numerical analysis problems of complex three-dimensional shapes. Since supervised-learning-based PINNs rely on the solutions obtained from traditional numerical methods, they should be regarded as performing function fitting or numerical approximation rather than truly solving a numerical computation problem. On the other hand, PINNs based on unsupervised learning can successfully solve single-domain electromagnetic analysis problems without access to the value of the physical quantity, which can be considered the ground truth. However, they cannot solve the multidomain electromagnetic analysis problem because they cannot fit the physical quantity at the interface. If the solution at the interface is unknown, PINNs can only enforce the continuity of values at the interface. Still, they cannot express the relationship between the gradients at the interface. To address this problem, this research proposes a novel numerical analysis method that employs PINNs based on unsupervised learning to solve multidomain problems. The discretised direct boundary integral equations are utilised to solve the physical quantity at the interface, and the multidomain problem can be transformed into multiple single-domain problems. Then, PINNs based on unsupervised learning can be utilised to solve all the subdomains. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through single-domain and multidomain electrostatic box problems as well as the testing electromagnetic analysis methods (TEAM) problem 22. Finally, the results of finite element analysis (FEA), boundary element method (BEM) and PINN based on unsupervised learning are compared, and the accuracy of the proposed method is proved. The FEM and analytical solutions of TEAM problem 22 are compared and discussed to confirm the accuracy of the presented numerical method.

In the excitation control system of the electrically excited synchronous generators (EESGs), the conventional fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (FPID) excitation controller has inherent defects, such as control lag and limited adjustment speed, caused by feedback measurement delay and signal processing delay. Grey prediction control is a typical feedforward control method with advantages such as low requirements for raw data, fast response speed and flexible adjustment strategies. However, it also inevitably has limitations such as excessive reliance on model precision and limited prediction accuracy. Hence, this paper improves the FPID excitation controller based on grey prediction theory and proposes an adaptive grey FPID excitation control strategy. The proposed adaptive grey FPID excitation control strategy exhibits multiple advantages, such as parameter adaptation, fast adjustment speed and strong robustness. Both simulation and experimental results have also confirmed the significant advantages of the proposed control strategy compared to conventional FPID control.