Monte Carlo is a numerical computation algorithm that is widely used in many fields of science and is used to obtain numerical results with a large number of repeated random samplings. Radiation transport with Monte Carlo simulation continues to increase its popularity in the fields of radiation measurement. The high accuracy and precision measurement of radionuclide activity amounts in gamma-ray spectrometry depends on the efficiency calibration of the detector. Efficiency calibration is carried out in two ways, using certified reference materials, by experimental method or Monte Carlo simulation method. The experimental method is expensive, procedurally complex and time-consuming due to the supply of reference material. The use of the Monte Carlo technique in a reliable way without the need for a standard radioactive source in determining the detector efficiency is becoming common. The most critical step for accurate and precise results in getting the response of a detector with the Monte Carlo method is modeling the detector with its realistic dimensions. Another parameter as important as detector modeling is the number of histories in the simulation code examined in this study. The effect of the number of histories on efficiency was examined in detail using PHITS, GESPECOR and DETEFF Monte Carlo simulation codes. Since there is no definite number about this effect, which is important for obtaining meaningful and realistic results, the change in the efficiency value was examined by increasing the number of stories from 105 to 108. The results obtained in this work showed that at least 107 particle numbers should be used in all three programs where the uncertainty is below 1%. If the existing facilities are sufficient, it can be increased to 108s in case of having a more equipped and fast computer. However, going higher than this value does not make any sense as seen from the study.
{"title":"Comparison of the Number of Particle History for Monte Carlo Codes in Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy","authors":"E. Uyar, Zeynep Aybüke Günekbay","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1276486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1276486","url":null,"abstract":"Monte Carlo is a numerical computation algorithm that is widely used in many fields of science and is used to obtain numerical results with a large number of repeated random samplings. Radiation transport with Monte Carlo simulation continues to increase its popularity in the fields of radiation measurement. The high accuracy and precision measurement of radionuclide activity amounts in gamma-ray spectrometry depends on the efficiency calibration of the detector. Efficiency calibration is carried out in two ways, using certified reference materials, by experimental method or Monte Carlo simulation method. The experimental method is expensive, procedurally complex and time-consuming due to the supply of reference material. The use of the Monte Carlo technique in a reliable way without the need for a standard radioactive source in determining the detector efficiency is becoming common. The most critical step for accurate and precise results in getting the response of a detector with the Monte Carlo method is modeling the detector with its realistic dimensions. Another parameter as important as detector modeling is the number of histories in the simulation code examined in this study. The effect of the number of histories on efficiency was examined in detail using PHITS, GESPECOR and DETEFF Monte Carlo simulation codes. Since there is no definite number about this effect, which is important for obtaining meaningful and realistic results, the change in the efficiency value was examined by increasing the number of stories from 105 to 108. The results obtained in this work showed that at least 107 particle numbers should be used in all three programs where the uncertainty is below 1%. If the existing facilities are sufficient, it can be increased to 108s in case of having a more equipped and fast computer. However, going higher than this value does not make any sense as seen from the study.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124872732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of glass-ceramic foam has received significant attention in building and construction, given its potential for sustainability. This study investigated the low-temperature route of fabricating glass-ceramic foams from mining waste. The feasibility of one-step or chemical-aided sintering of glass-ceramic foams using granite powder, a naturally sourced mining waste, rather than using already heat-treated wastes such as glass and fly ash has been explored in this study. Glass-ceramic foam samples were synthesized from a homogenous blend of constant percentage by weight of granite-clay mix with varying amounts of alkali-silicate solution. The influence of the alkali-silicate solution on the physicomechanical and microstructural properties of the synthesized samples sintered at 850°C was investigated. The results showed water absorption of 9.5-33.3%, apparent porosity of 18.2-56.7%, bulk density of 1.7-1.91 g/cm3, and compressive strength of 20.7-26.3MPa. The glass-ceramic foam developed in this research can be suitably used for the thermal insulation of buildings.
{"title":"A Sustainable Building Material Developed from Low-Temperature Sintering of Mining Waste with an Alkali-Silicate Solution","authors":"Peter Oluwagbenga Odewole","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1245213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1245213","url":null,"abstract":"The development of glass-ceramic foam has received significant attention in building and construction, given its potential for sustainability. This study investigated the low-temperature route of fabricating glass-ceramic foams from mining waste. The feasibility of one-step or chemical-aided sintering of glass-ceramic foams using granite powder, a naturally sourced mining waste, rather than using already heat-treated wastes such as glass and fly ash has been explored in this study. Glass-ceramic foam samples were synthesized from a homogenous blend of constant percentage by weight of granite-clay mix with varying amounts of alkali-silicate solution. The influence of the alkali-silicate solution on the physicomechanical and microstructural properties of the synthesized samples sintered at 850°C was investigated. The results showed water absorption of 9.5-33.3%, apparent porosity of 18.2-56.7%, bulk density of 1.7-1.91 g/cm3, and compressive strength of 20.7-26.3MPa. The glass-ceramic foam developed in this research can be suitably used for the thermal insulation of buildings.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133144269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the changes in the performance parameters of silicon photovoltaic cells were investigated before and after irradiation. For this aim, the current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of structures were obtained before and after irradiation. The electrical parameters were determined using obtained characteristics. High energetic (24.5 MeV) proton beam was used as the radiation source. In addition, radiation-induced displacement damages were determined using SRIM/TRIM simulations, and the effect of these damages on the photovoltaic cell was investigated. This study, which depends on the radiation hardness as a result of irradiation with protons, was important. Because the displacement damage caused changes on the electrical properties of device. This behavior was attributed to the defects generated by proton irradiation. On the other hand, it was seen that proton irradiation can be a tool for controlling the material and cell properties.
{"title":"A study of Proton Radiation Effects on a Silicon Based Solar Cell","authors":"Damla Gül Keleş, H. Karadeni̇z, S. Karadeniz","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1223958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1223958","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the changes in the performance parameters of silicon photovoltaic cells were investigated before and after irradiation. For this aim, the current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics of structures were obtained before and after irradiation. The electrical parameters were determined using obtained characteristics. High energetic (24.5 MeV) proton beam was used as the radiation source. In addition, radiation-induced displacement damages were determined using SRIM/TRIM simulations, and the effect of these damages on the photovoltaic cell was investigated. This study, which depends on the radiation hardness as a result of irradiation with protons, was important. Because the displacement damage caused changes on the electrical properties of device. This behavior was attributed to the defects generated by proton irradiation. On the other hand, it was seen that proton irradiation can be a tool for controlling the material and cell properties.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117130426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Admittance measurements including capacitance (C) and conductance (G) of Al/Gr-PVA/p-Si (MPS) device were made at 500 kHz and under dark and 200 mW/cm2 conditions. The illumination response on the electric characteristics of the device was investigated using the C-2-V characteristics. It was observed that the electronic parameters of the device changed depending on the illumination conditions. The doping concentration, Fermi energy and barrier height were obtained using the C-2-V data. The surface state (Nss) was also obtained using capacitance data. The results show that the device can be used as a photocapacitor.
{"title":"Illumination Response of Impedance Properties of Al/Gr-PVA/p-Si (MPS) Device","authors":"Dilan Ata, M. Balbaşı, A. Tataroğlu","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1207057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1207057","url":null,"abstract":"Admittance measurements including capacitance (C) and conductance (G) of Al/Gr-PVA/p-Si (MPS) device were made at 500 kHz and under dark and 200 mW/cm2 conditions. The illumination response on the electric characteristics of the device was investigated using the C-2-V characteristics. It was observed that the electronic parameters of the device changed depending on the illumination conditions. The doping concentration, Fermi energy and barrier height were obtained using the C-2-V data. The surface state (Nss) was also obtained using capacitance data. The results show that the device can be used as a photocapacitor.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129495281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Out-of-field doses may affect the formation of secondary cancers, especially in radiosensitive organs, in patients treated with radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the in-field dose and out-of-field dose accuracy of Eclipse's analytic anisotropic algorithm (AAA) and pencil beam convolution (PBC) algorithms using TLDs. A tissue equivalent phantom containing a total of 21 measurement points at a depth of 5 cm from the anterior and posterior was created. Using Eclipse AAA and PBC algorithms in TPS, 100 MU for AP/PA fields and 95 cm source-skin distance (SSD) were planned. In-field measurement points including isocenter were 3, 5, 7 and 11 points for 3x3, 5x5, 7x7 and 10x10 cm2, respectively. Measuring points outside the field edge were 38, 36, 34 and 30 points for 3x3, 5x5, 7x7 and 10x10 cm2, respectively. In-field point dose values calculated by TPS for different fields were compared with TLD doses measured at the same location. The difference between in-field dose estimation and TLD measurements of both algorithms was generally below 1%. The difference between TPS and TLD was found to be 4.41% for the 10x10 cm2 irradiation field, due to the field edge at a distance of 5 cm from the isocenter. As the field size decreased, the out-of-field dose calculation performance of the AAA and PBC algorithms was adversely affected. For the 10x10 cm2 irradiation field, the TLD measurements and the out-of-field point dose difference of the PBC algorithm were found to be 39.40%. This difference was at most 12.06% for the AAA algorithm. The Eclipse TPS is good at calculating the in-field dose but underestimates the off-field dose. In out-of-field dose calculation, the AAA algorithm gives more accurate results than the PBC algorithm. Additionally, the smaller the field size, the worse the outfield dose accuracy. The use of in vivo dosimeters is recommended in order to estimate the out-of-field dose with great accuracy in radiotherapy.
{"title":"Accuracy of In-Field and Out-Field Doses Calculated by Analytical Anisotropic and Pencil Beam Convolution Algorithms: A Dosimetric Study","authors":"O. Gül","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1240626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1240626","url":null,"abstract":"Out-of-field doses may affect the formation of secondary cancers, especially in radiosensitive organs, in patients treated with radiotherapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the in-field dose and out-of-field dose accuracy of Eclipse's analytic anisotropic algorithm (AAA) and pencil beam convolution (PBC) algorithms using TLDs. A tissue equivalent phantom containing a total of 21 measurement points at a depth of 5 cm from the anterior and posterior was created. Using Eclipse AAA and PBC algorithms in TPS, 100 MU for AP/PA fields and 95 cm source-skin distance (SSD) were planned. In-field measurement points including isocenter were 3, 5, 7 and 11 points for 3x3, 5x5, 7x7 and 10x10 cm2, respectively. Measuring points outside the field edge were 38, 36, 34 and 30 points for 3x3, 5x5, 7x7 and 10x10 cm2, respectively. In-field point dose values calculated by TPS for different fields were compared with TLD doses measured at the same location. The difference between in-field dose estimation and TLD measurements of both algorithms was generally below 1%. The difference between TPS and TLD was found to be 4.41% for the 10x10 cm2 irradiation field, due to the field edge at a distance of 5 cm from the isocenter. As the field size decreased, the out-of-field dose calculation performance of the AAA and PBC algorithms was adversely affected. For the 10x10 cm2 irradiation field, the TLD measurements and the out-of-field point dose difference of the PBC algorithm were found to be 39.40%. This difference was at most 12.06% for the AAA algorithm. The Eclipse TPS is good at calculating the in-field dose but underestimates the off-field dose. In out-of-field dose calculation, the AAA algorithm gives more accurate results than the PBC algorithm. Additionally, the smaller the field size, the worse the outfield dose accuracy. The use of in vivo dosimeters is recommended in order to estimate the out-of-field dose with great accuracy in radiotherapy.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128893974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the adsorption kinetics of Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions in the aqueous medium of the natural clay sample found in Kulp district of Diyarbakır province were investigated. For this purpose, the characterization of the natural clay mineral found in Kulp district of Diyarbakır province was carried out using X-Ray (XRD and XRF) and BET methods. The copper and nickel from the aqueous medium was measurmented at 25, 35 and 45 degrees. When the obtained data were applied to other models, it was found that it followed the Ho McKay equation for both ions. The qmax values here were measured as 1.51, 2.05, 2.30 for Cu (II) and 1.044, 1.086 and 1.741 for Ni (II) at the working temperatures, respectively. The increase in qmax values shows the accuracy of our study.
{"title":"Adsorption Kinetics of Cu(II) and Ni(II) Ions Using Clay in Kulp District of Diyarbakır Province","authors":"Emine Buldağ, Ö. Yavuz","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1239552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1239552","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the adsorption kinetics of Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions in the aqueous medium of the natural clay sample found in Kulp district of Diyarbakır province were investigated. For this purpose, the characterization of the natural clay mineral found in Kulp district of Diyarbakır province was carried out using X-Ray (XRD and XRF) and BET methods. The copper and nickel from the aqueous medium was measurmented at 25, 35 and 45 degrees. When the obtained data were applied to other models, it was found that it followed the Ho McKay equation for both ions. The qmax values here were measured as 1.51, 2.05, 2.30 for Cu (II) and 1.044, 1.086 and 1.741 for Ni (II) at the working temperatures, respectively. The increase in qmax values shows the accuracy of our study.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130167761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research is to experimentally examine how Rs affects the I-V curves of Ag/Perylene/n-Si SBD. Various plots of the experimental I-V measurements with the forward voltage are wielded in order to determine the parameter Rs. The I-V properties of Ag/Perylene/n-Si SBD was evaluated at room temperature (RT) based on Thermionic-Emission (TE) model. We specified the Rs values using Ohm law, Cheungs’, and modified Norde functions. We compared the Rs values utilized various techniques. Modified Norde functions apply to the ln I-V graph's all forward voltage region. On the other hand, Cheung's approaches are just feasible in the non-linear section in the high voltage region. The Rs values obtained from various techniques are distinct and are dedicated in the table. The reason for this inconsistency is shown in our research. It is evident that the values of the Rs determined using various approaches are in good accordance with one another. The Ohm's law derived from sufficiently high forward voltages is the one among them that is the most straightforward, precise, and dependable. It was demonstrated by the I-V data that the dispersion of Rs is a key factor affecting the electrical properties of diodes.
{"title":"Analysis of Series Resistance's (RS) Impact on Ag/Perylene/n-Si Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) in Various Techniques","authors":"E. Yükseltürk, S. Zeyrek","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1216478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1216478","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to experimentally examine how Rs affects the I-V curves of Ag/Perylene/n-Si SBD. Various plots of the experimental I-V measurements with the forward voltage are wielded in order to determine the parameter Rs. The I-V properties of Ag/Perylene/n-Si SBD was evaluated at room temperature (RT) based on Thermionic-Emission (TE) model. We specified the Rs values using Ohm law, Cheungs’, and modified Norde functions. We compared the Rs values utilized various techniques. Modified Norde functions apply to the ln I-V graph's all forward voltage region. On the other hand, Cheung's approaches are just feasible in the non-linear section in the high voltage region. The Rs values obtained from various techniques are distinct and are dedicated in the table. The reason for this inconsistency is shown in our research. It is evident that the values of the Rs determined using various approaches are in good accordance with one another. The Ohm's law derived from sufficiently high forward voltages is the one among them that is the most straightforward, precise, and dependable. It was demonstrated by the I-V data that the dispersion of Rs is a key factor affecting the electrical properties of diodes.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130295158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effects of the application of the (TeO2:Cu-PVP) interface to the Al/p-Si (MS) type SD on the performance of the new Al/(TeO2:Cu doped PVP)/p-Si (MPS) SD were reviewed using forward and reverse bias V-I measurements. The thermionic emission (TE) and Cheung & Cheung functions were employed to ascertain the influences of an additional organic interfacial layer on the comparative outcomes of this research. Thus, some essential electrical attributes such as saturation current (Is), ideality factor (n), rectification-ratio (R.R.=Iforward/Ireverse), barrier height B.H. (Φbo), and series/shunt resistances (Rs/Rsh) were computed. Furthermore, the density of surface states (Nss) was acquired from the V-I plots according to the Card & Rhoderick method. The observed experimental results indicated that the (TeO2:Cu-PVP) inter-layer enhanced the quality of MS type SD as respects obtained low reverse current, Nss, Rs, and high Rsh and R.R. values. All these results indicate that (TeO2:Cu-PVP) inter-layer can be used successfully instead of conventional insulators for its favored specifications like easy fabrication processes, low cost, and flexibility features.
{"title":"A Comparison Electronic Specifications of the MS & MPS type Schottky Diodes (SDs) via Utilizing Voltage-Current (V-I) Characteristics","authors":"Ç. Ş. Güçlü","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1212696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1212696","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of the application of the (TeO2:Cu-PVP) interface to the Al/p-Si (MS) type SD on the performance of the new Al/(TeO2:Cu doped PVP)/p-Si (MPS) SD were reviewed using forward and reverse bias V-I measurements. The thermionic emission (TE) and Cheung & Cheung functions were employed to ascertain the influences of an additional organic interfacial layer on the comparative outcomes of this research. Thus, some essential electrical attributes such as saturation current (Is), ideality factor (n), rectification-ratio (R.R.=Iforward/Ireverse), barrier height B.H. (Φbo), and series/shunt resistances (Rs/Rsh) were computed. Furthermore, the density of surface states (Nss) was acquired from the V-I plots according to the Card & Rhoderick method. The observed experimental results indicated that the (TeO2:Cu-PVP) inter-layer enhanced the quality of MS type SD as respects obtained low reverse current, Nss, Rs, and high Rsh and R.R. values. All these results indicate that (TeO2:Cu-PVP) inter-layer can be used successfully instead of conventional insulators for its favored specifications like easy fabrication processes, low cost, and flexibility features.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114291369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coumarin-PVA is deposited onto p-Si wafers using the spin coating technique. I examined the fundamental electrical variables of the Al/CoumarinPVA/p-Si type Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), by utilizing capacitance/voltage(C-V) and conductance/voltage (G-V) measurements at different frequencies varied from 10kHz to1MHz. I have thoroughly explored how the CoumarinPVA interlayer, series resistance (Rs) and surface states (Nss) affect the electrical properties of SBDs. In order to remove Rs's influence on the observed C and G values, I corrected them. The observed high values of C/G measured at low frequencies result from the existence of interfacial states. There is evidence that while NA decreases exponentially with increasing frequency, B increases exponentially. A particular distribution of Nss density, polarization processes, and the existence of an interfacial layer can all contribute to explaining these characteristic features of them. According to experimental findings, I conclude that the interfacial polymer CoumarinPVA layer as well as the Nss and Rs also have a significant impact on the C/G-V quantities of SBDs.
{"title":"A Study on the Wide Frequency Range Electrical Variables in the Al/Coumarin–PVA/p-Si Diodes at Room Temperature","authors":"S. Demirezen","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1202745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1202745","url":null,"abstract":"Coumarin-PVA is deposited onto p-Si wafers using the spin coating technique. I examined the fundamental electrical variables of the Al/CoumarinPVA/p-Si type Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), by utilizing capacitance/voltage(C-V) and conductance/voltage (G-V) measurements at different frequencies varied from 10kHz to1MHz. I have thoroughly explored how the CoumarinPVA interlayer, series resistance (Rs) and surface states (Nss) affect the electrical properties of SBDs. In order to remove Rs's influence on the observed C and G values, I corrected them. The observed high values of C/G measured at low frequencies result from the existence of interfacial states. There is evidence that while NA decreases exponentially with increasing frequency, B increases exponentially. A particular distribution of Nss density, polarization processes, and the existence of an interfacial layer can all contribute to explaining these characteristic features of them. According to experimental findings, I conclude that the interfacial polymer CoumarinPVA layer as well as the Nss and Rs also have a significant impact on the C/G-V quantities of SBDs.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121743946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural Hazard Triggered Technical Accidents (Natech) cause serious loss of life, environment and property and affect life negatively. Risk analysis studies of these accidents are important. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the risk of Natech accidents for Türkiye. Statistical evaluation of Natech accidents was made through various databases for selecting the province and organization where the application will be made. Because of these evaluations, two exemplary gas storage organizations (Organization 1: includes 5 cylindrical tanks of the same volume, Organization 2: includes 4 cylindrical tanks of the same volume and 1 large volume spherical tank) were selected within the scope of the legislation in Erzurum, which stands out in terms of flood and lightning risk. Flood-triggered Natech accidents were analyzed using the preliminary hazard list and Fine-Kinney methods, and lightning-triggered Natech accidents were analyzed through the YILKOMER and RADSAN programs. For Organization 1 and Organization 2, the protection level was determined as 3 and 4, respectively, according to the effectiveness value. While 34 hazard effects were graded with the preliminary hazard list for Organization 1 and 22 hazard effects by Fine-Kinney; for Organization 2, hazard effects were graded 37 with the preliminary hazard list and 28 with Fine-Kinney. Because of the analyses carried out, Organization 2 was found to be more risky in terms of Natech accidents triggered by both lightning and flooding. It can be said that this situation is because the relevant organization is located in a more congested area and within the organized industry, and that it contains more voluminous tanks. It is important that emergency plans be prepared by considering the Natech risks, based on the characteristics of the industrial facility and the type of natural disaster in the region.
{"title":"Risk Analysis of Natech Accidents Trigged by Lightnings and Floods","authors":"Meryem Kurt, Saliha Çetinyokuş","doi":"10.54287/gujsa.1149380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54287/gujsa.1149380","url":null,"abstract":"Natural Hazard Triggered Technical Accidents (Natech) cause serious loss of life, environment and property and affect life negatively. Risk analysis studies of these accidents are important. In this study, it was aimed to analyze the risk of Natech accidents for Türkiye. Statistical evaluation of Natech accidents was made through various databases for selecting the province and organization where the application will be made. Because of these evaluations, two exemplary gas storage organizations (Organization 1: includes 5 cylindrical tanks of the same volume, Organization 2: includes 4 cylindrical tanks of the same volume and 1 large volume spherical tank) were selected within the scope of the legislation in Erzurum, which stands out in terms of flood and lightning risk. Flood-triggered Natech accidents were analyzed using the preliminary hazard list and Fine-Kinney methods, and lightning-triggered Natech accidents were analyzed through the YILKOMER and RADSAN programs. For Organization 1 and Organization 2, the protection level was determined as 3 and 4, respectively, according to the effectiveness value. While 34 hazard effects were graded with the preliminary hazard list for Organization 1 and 22 hazard effects by Fine-Kinney; for Organization 2, hazard effects were graded 37 with the preliminary hazard list and 28 with Fine-Kinney. Because of the analyses carried out, Organization 2 was found to be more risky in terms of Natech accidents triggered by both lightning and flooding. It can be said that this situation is because the relevant organization is located in a more congested area and within the organized industry, and that it contains more voluminous tanks. It is important that emergency plans be prepared by considering the Natech risks, based on the characteristics of the industrial facility and the type of natural disaster in the region.","PeriodicalId":134301,"journal":{"name":"Gazi University Journal of Science Part A: Engineering and Innovation","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114448658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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