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Competition Policy and Consumer Welfare in a Liberalised Economy 自由经济中的竞争政策与消费者福利
Pub Date : 2016-01-19 DOI: 10.18701/IMSMANTHAN.V10I2.8444
F. Rahman, Musheer Ahmed
The discourse on competition policy often uses the term 'consumer welfare' but rarely is clear about its meaning or role. Promotion of consumer welfare is the common goal of consumer protection and competition policy. As India's economies move progressively towards increased liberalisation, certain undesirable business practices can emerge which act as a hindrance to development and economic growth. The absence of a competition and consumer protection policy in India has created opportunities for some sectors of the business community to engage in unfair business practices viz., price fixing, speculative hoarding and collusive tendering.Competition policy and consumer policy reinforce one another. In markets that are effectively competitive, producers have internal incentives to further consumer policy objectives, for example, to develop a relationship for quality or to attract customers away from rivals by providing the necessary information to minimise switching costs. At the same time, when consumers are able to exercise their choices effectively, they can act as a competitive discipline upon producers. Thus, there is a strong case to be made for the co-ordination of these two policy areas.In the light of India's commitment to a liberalised economy, there is a need for a fair and equitable environment where producer and consumer can maximise their profit and satisfaction respectively. There is therefore a need for India's Competition and Consumer Protection policy if market oriented policies are to be given the best possible chance of success. In the backdrop of this, it is therefore imperative for India to develop this Policy ensuring the supporting legislation, infrastructure and regulations. In this context, the present paper analysis the standard of consumer welfare required to be taken into consideration while dealing with competition issues, and to what extent is protection accorded to consumers under other legislations.
关于竞争政策的论述经常使用“消费者福利”一词,但很少明确其含义或作用。促进消费者福利是消费者保护和竞争政策的共同目标。随着印度经济逐步走向自由化,某些不受欢迎的商业行为可能会出现,成为发展和经济增长的障碍。印度缺乏竞争和消费者保护政策,这为企业界的某些部门从事不公平的商业行为创造了机会,即操纵价格、投机性囤积和串通投标。竞争政策和消费者政策相辅相成。在有效竞争的市场中,生产者有进一步实现消费者政策目标的内在动机,例如,发展质量关系,或通过提供必要的信息以尽量减少转换成本,从竞争对手那里吸引顾客。与此同时,当消费者能够有效地行使他们的选择时,他们可以对生产者起到一种竞争性的约束作用。因此,有充分理由协调这两个政策领域。鉴于印度对自由化经济的承诺,有必要创造一个公平和公平的环境,使生产者和消费者能够分别实现利润和满意度的最大化。因此,如果要使面向市场的政策获得最大的成功机会,就需要印度的竞争和消费者保护政策。在此背景下,印度必须制定这一政策,确保配套的立法、基础设施和法规。在此背景下,本文分析了在处理竞争问题时需要考虑的消费者福利标准,以及其他立法对消费者的保护程度。
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引用次数: 0
Government Initiatives to Improve SMES through Skill Development 政府透过技能发展改善中小企业的措施
Pub Date : 2016-01-19 DOI: 10.18701/IMSMANTHAN.V10I2.8442
Sugandh Rawal, N. Rani
The contribution of MSMs in manufacturing sector in terms of GDP, employment and exports of the country is remarkable. Besides lower scope in terms of labour, capital, technology compared with large scale manufacturing enterprises, its contribution towards industrialization in rural and backward areas cant be overlooked. There are more than 6000 products ranging from traditional to hi tech items, which are being manufactured by MSMs in the country. To make the sector a significant player in the global workplace, Government of India has taken number of initiatives during this period. Skills improvement and skill development has great significance in renovating enterprises and fostering core competence. The multiple training schemes and vocational education programmes for the advancement work force and MSMs are lined up by government.
msm对制造业的贡献在国内生产总值,就业和出口方面是显著的。与大型制造业企业相比,其劳动力、资金、技术水平较低,但对农村和落后地区工业化的贡献不容忽视。有超过6000种产品,从传统产品到高科技产品,都是由该国的MSMs生产的。为了使该部门成为全球工作场所的重要参与者,印度政府在此期间采取了许多举措。技能提升和技能开发对企业创新和培育核心竞争力具有重要意义。政府为晋升劳动力和男佣制订了多项培训计划和职业教育计划。
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引用次数: 0
Critically Evaluate the role of National Security and their relationship with Media 批判性地评估国家安全的作用及其与媒体的关系
Pub Date : 2016-01-19 DOI: 10.18701/IMSMANTHAN.V10I2.8446
N. Seam
National Security is the main elements in the on- going process of nation building for any country, not limited to the developing and developed countries, An imperative for all countries that need to survive and gain prominence in the community of nations. While nation building is guided and directed by the political leadership, various actors contribute significantly to the process of nation building. Media, which is considered as a fourth pillar of the democracyand proper channel between the public and the government, is one of the major actors which contribute enormously to the exercise of nation building. The objective of this paper is to without national security the motive of nation building will ruin and media is the main instrument to protect national security which is the major step of nation building.My Research question of this Paper is "Whether the media is positively contributing in nation building with keeping in mind the important factor of National Security or The media misguided or obsessed with selfish or partisan interests, can destroy nations.In this paper we will critically analyze the role of media in Nation building, their Scope, functions of the Media, The concept of Nation building and national interests. Media and National security, Examine the factors which influence the role of media in national development. To make the study richer we will make a brief glance on the cases in which media play a positive and negative role.To conduct this research I will adopt the research methodology which is both in nature doctrinal and non-doctrinal. By these methods we can definitely reach towards the most viable and authentic conclusion that how media can effectively contribute in maintaining the National security viz-a-viz Become a voice of the public interest in the front of the government.
国家安全是任何国家,不仅是发展中国家和发达国家,都要进行的国家建设过程中的主要内容,是所有国家生存和在国际社会中取得突出地位的必需品。虽然国家建设是由政治领导层指导和指导的,但各种行动者对国家建设进程作出了重大贡献。媒体被认为是民主的第四大支柱,是公众与政府之间的适当渠道,是国家建设的重要参与者之一。没有国家安全,国家建设的动机就会荡然无存,而媒体是维护国家安全的主要工具,是国家建设的重要环节。我这篇论文的研究问题是“媒体是在国家安全的重要因素下为国家建设做出积极贡献,还是媒体被自私或党派利益误导或痴迷,可以摧毁国家。”在本文中,我们将批判性地分析媒体在国家建设中的作用、范围、媒体的功能、国家建设的概念和国家利益。媒体与国家安全:考察影响媒体在国家发展中的作用的因素。为了使研究更加丰富,我们将简要介绍一下媒体发挥积极和消极作用的案例。为了进行这项研究,我将采用理论和非理论的研究方法。通过这些方法,我们绝对可以得出最可行和最真实的结论,即媒体如何有效地为维护国家安全做出贡献,成为政府面前的公共利益之声。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Advertising on Youth 广告对青少年的影响
Pub Date : 2016-01-19 DOI: 10.18701/IMSMANTHAN.V10I2.8445
Shruti Sarin, Aastha Sharma, D. Pant
Television has the potential to generate both positive and negative effect on youth. Due to the powerful impact as mostly the advertisements is done with celebrities this is the main reason youth easily believe. Today’s youth are more sensitive and far more sophisticated than were 20 years ago. Youth is treated as the special audience. The effect of advertising on youth can be seen through their changes in their personality, food habits, and attitudes. In 21st century the youth is getting much more conscious regarding their style, fashion and looks. Advertisements play a vital role in persuading them and encouraging them to buy more fashion oriented products. Throughout history, the media has used stereotypes to convey a false perception to society of a certain group, race or religion. By displaying such negative and confining images in advertisements, adverts are limiting the self-concept of young impressionable adults. By growing up around such images, young adults are taught that the ideas are presented are the “set” way of life, and are swayed to believe that these false perceptions are reality. Teens are given impractible, unattainable goal to love up to which is presented to them. For e.g. Actors wearing Lacoste clothing in advertisements, teenagers act in different ways and try to copy the actor or actresses. This research tries to understand the perception of youth, their changing habits and their frame of mind in regard to the advertisements.
电视有可能对青少年产生积极和消极的影响。由于大多数广告都是名人做的,这是年轻人容易相信的主要原因。今天的年轻人比20年前更敏感,也更成熟。青年被视为特殊的观众。广告对年轻人的影响可以从他们性格、饮食习惯和态度的变化中看出。在21世纪,年轻人越来越注重自己的风格、时尚和外表。广告在说服和鼓励他们购买更多时尚产品方面起着至关重要的作用。纵观历史,媒体利用刻板印象向社会传达对某一群体、种族或宗教的错误看法。通过在广告中展示这些负面和限制性的形象,广告限制了易受影响的年轻成年人的自我概念。在这样的画面中长大,年轻人被教导说,所呈现的想法是“固定”的生活方式,并被说服相信这些错误的看法是现实。青少年被赋予了不切实际的、无法实现的爱的目标,而这是摆在他们面前的。例如,在广告中穿着Lacoste服装的演员,青少年以不同的方式表演,并试图模仿演员。本研究试图了解年轻人对广告的看法、他们的习惯变化以及他们对广告的心态。
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引用次数: 0
Use of Facebook in Higher Education: An extension of classroom learning 在高等教育中使用Facebook:课堂学习的延伸
Pub Date : 2015-10-15 DOI: 10.18701/IMSMANTHAN.V10I1.5664
Adity Saxena, P. Majumdar
Higher education is witnessing significant transformation due to Internet and computer mediated communication. Extant research suggests that new technologies such as Web 2.0 which include blogs, social media and collaborative content sites such as Wiki have positively enhanced the education related outcomes in higher education. Social networking tools like Facebook and Twitter have established themselves as powerful communication and collaboration tools due to the perceived educational needs of the current generation of students enrolled in higher education also known as the ‘digital natives’. Existing literature establishes that Facebook facilitates collaborative learning, extends classroom interaction and encourages even introvert students to participate in the learning process. Though the use of social media in developed countries is a tried and tested method for enhancing learning outcomes, educators and students in developing countries like India are still tinkering with the idea. The reluctance to extend learning beyond the formal classroom set-up emanates due to a variety of factors: Educators are ill-equipped technically to use the Web 2.0 technology effectively, the perception of both stakeholders that social media particularly Facebook is meant for social networking and entertainment and proves to be a ‘distraction’ in academics. This research paper explores the role of Facebook in creating a classroom extension in higher education by educators and students of multiple streams of mass communication located in Delhi and NCR. It employs a survey of both students and educators to understand the usage of Facebook in providing positive learning outcomes.
由于互联网和计算机媒介的传播,高等教育正在经历重大变革。现有的研究表明,包括博客、社交媒体和维基等协作内容网站在内的Web 2.0等新技术对高等教育的教育相关成果有积极的促进作用。Facebook和Twitter等社交网络工具已经成为强大的沟通和协作工具,这是由于当前这一代高等教育学生(也被称为“数字原住民”)的教育需求。现有文献表明,Facebook促进了协作学习,扩展了课堂互动,甚至鼓励内向的学生参与学习过程。尽管在发达国家,使用社交媒体是一种久经考验的提高学习效果的方法,但在印度等发展中国家,教育工作者和学生仍在摸索这个想法。不愿意将学习扩展到正式的课堂设置之外的原因有很多:教育工作者在技术上没有能力有效地使用Web 2.0技术,利益相关者双方都认为社交媒体(尤其是Facebook)是用于社交网络和娱乐的,并且被证明是学术上的“分心”。这篇研究论文探讨了Facebook在创建高等教育课堂扩展方面的作用,这些课堂扩展是由位于德里和NCR的多种大众传播流的教育者和学生创建的。它对学生和教育工作者进行了调查,以了解Facebook在提供积极学习成果方面的使用情况。
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引用次数: 8
Who Cares for Employees ? An empirical study of evaluation of accomplishment of workforce 谁关心员工?员工成就感评价的实证研究
Pub Date : 2015-10-15 DOI: 10.18701/IMSMANTHAN.V10I1.5651
S. Bagade, Sunanda Jindal
Behavior and related skills that permit employees to participate in the process of monitoring outcomes and workprocesses, determining the ’root’ cause of quality problems and identifying as well as implementing solutions to theseidentifiedproblems. Over a time period the concerned person is ignited; inflamed to consistently improve theworkprocesses. The concerned person; collect the data and information, correct the same. Comprehensively compile, examine in detail in order to determine the cause and straighten the problem .so as to tackle the issue. In fact the members work in a team and with a team spirit. Team working is characterized with a significance: ToEnhanceApplication of Management techniques. A great deal ofassistance is rendered by the companies who have adopted the TQM technique;in giving the feedbackonperformance .Measuring resultsgives the company a yardstick to determinewhether objectives are being net ------butperformance data are also needed tohelp peopleto improve and develop over time. Therewardand performance measurement system need to encourage a lot of cooperation and coaching among team members
允许员工参与监控结果和工作过程的行为和相关技能,确定质量问题的“根本”原因,识别并实施这些已识别问题的解决方案。经过一段时间,有关的人被点燃;不断改进工作流程。有关的人;收集数据和信息,正确无误。全面编制,详细检查,确定原因,纠正问题,从而解决问题。事实上,成员们在一个团队中工作,并具有团队精神。团队合作的特点是:加强管理技术的应用。采用TQM技术的公司在提供绩效反馈方面提供了很大的帮助。测量结果为公司提供了一个衡量标准,以确定目标是否实现------但绩效数据也需要帮助人们随着时间的推移而改进和发展。因此,绩效评估系统需要鼓励团队成员之间的合作和指导
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引用次数: 0
The Depository System In India- A Comparative Study Between NSDL& CDSL 印度的存托制度——nsdl与CDSL的比较研究
Pub Date : 2015-10-15 DOI: 10.18701/IMSMANTHAN.V10I1.5652
A. Srivastava, R. Arora
A depository can be compared to a bank. A depository holds securities (like shares, debentures, bonds, Government Securities, units etc.) of investors in electronic form. Besides holding securities, a depository also provides services related to transactions in securities. NSDL and CDSL has a wide network of DPs, operating from over 6000 sites, across the country, offering convenience for an investor to select a DP based on his location. This research paper is based on the performance evaluation of Depositories in India. The research emphasizes on the comparative study of NSDL and CDSL. This research, basically, is helpful to the Depositories to enhance their profitability and use the tools which raise their Income and reduce the expenses. Here, analysis has been done by establishing correlation and doing hypothesis testing to check their financial performance& business performance of NSDL & CDSL during the study period i.e. from year 2008 to the year 2013. The results of the research gives the broad perspective in the field of Investment in the Equity market. In this paper comparative analysis has been done which can be very helpful to both the Depositories in the efforts to increase the financial & business performance.
存款人可以比作银行。存管机构以电子形式持有投资者的证券(如股票、债券、债券、政府证券等)。除了持有证券,存管机构还提供与证券交易有关的服务。NSDL和CDSL拥有广泛的DP网络,在全国超过6000个站点运营,为投资者根据其位置选择DP提供了便利。本文以印度存托机构的绩效评价为研究对象。本研究的重点是NSDL和CDSL的比较研究。本文的研究基本上有助于保管机构提高其盈利能力,并利用这些工具来增加其收入,减少其支出。在这里,通过建立相关性并进行假设检验来进行分析,以检查NSDL和CDSL在研究期间(即2008年至2013年)的财务绩效和业务绩效。研究结果为股权市场投资领域的研究提供了广阔的视角。本文对两家存管机构进行了比较分析,这对两家存管机构提高财务和经营绩效有很大的帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Role of Social Media in Disaster Management 社会媒体在灾害管理中的作用
Pub Date : 2015-10-15 DOI: 10.18701/IMSMANTHAN.V10I1.5659
Alok Gupta
It is a well known fact that natural disasters strikes countries, both developed and developing, causing enormous destruction and creating human sufferings and producing negative impacts on national economies. Due to diverse geo-climatic conditions prevalent in different parts of the globe, different types of natural disasters like floods, droughts, earthquakes, cyclones, landslides, volcanoes, etc. strikes according to the vulnerability of the area. India is considered as the world's most disaster prone country. It has witnessed devastating natural disasters in recent past like droughts, floods, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, etc. Social media is strongly influencing our life. There are several social media such as Twitter, Facebook, and types of communication technologies are constantly changing our habits of communication. We do not only share information in face to face contacts, but also via a multitude of new forms of social media. New technologies like smart phones comprise diverse sensors, such as cameras, microphones and GPS, which enable a new level of information distribution. This new technology combined with social media allows the user to share information with a huge and growing community. There is not just the information we knowingly share, but also metadata about location, time and so forth. Within these new forms of communication and hidden data lies a big opportunity for crisis mapping and disaster management. These new types of information-usage and new technology can be useful for situational awareness, the distribution of alerts and further functions of disaster management. In this paper an attempt has been made to throw light on some aspect of social media in creating awareness related to the disaster among the masses. Moreover, use of social media during a disaster or emergency management is an entirely new outlook..
众所周知,无论是发达国家还是发展中国家,自然灾害都会发生,造成巨大的破坏,给人们带来痛苦,给国民经济带来负面影响。由于地球不同地区普遍存在不同的地质气候条件,不同类型的自然灾害,如洪水、干旱、地震、旋风、山体滑坡、火山等,根据该地区的脆弱性而发生。印度被认为是世界上最容易发生灾害的国家。近年来,它见证了毁灭性的自然灾害,如干旱、洪水、飓风、地震、山体滑坡等。社交媒体正在强烈地影响着我们的生活。有几种社交媒体,如Twitter, Facebook和各种通信技术正在不断改变我们的通信习惯。我们不仅在面对面的接触中分享信息,而且还通过多种新形式的社交媒体分享信息。像智能手机这样的新技术包括各种传感器,如摄像头、麦克风和全球定位系统,这使信息分发达到了一个新的水平。这种与社交媒体相结合的新技术允许用户与庞大且不断增长的社区分享信息。不仅是我们有意分享的信息,还有关于位置、时间等的元数据。在这些新的通信形式和隐藏数据中,存在着危机绘图和灾害管理的巨大机会。这些新型信息使用和新技术可用于态势感知、警报分发和灾害管理的进一步功能。在这篇文章中,我们试图揭示社交媒体在大众中创造与灾难相关的意识的某些方面。此外,在灾难或应急管理期间使用社交媒体是一种全新的前景。
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引用次数: 1
Work Life Balance of Working Parents: A study of IT Industry 在职父母的工作生活平衡:基于IT行业的研究
Pub Date : 2015-10-15 DOI: 10.18701/IMSMANTHAN.V10I1.5655
Saloni Pahuja
Managing the competing demands of work, family and social life is an issue that affects almost every organization. Work life balance is a challenging issue for IT professionals whether male or female as increasing working hours and monitoring the hours worked are far more rigorous than ever before. This paper explores the gender wise perception of work life balance among working parents of I.T. Industry and also examines the impact of work life balance on working parents’ personal and professional life. The Data was thus collected from 200 working parents of IT industry through questionnaire by adopting random sampling technique. The statistical techniques used were ttest, Correlation and Regression Analysis. Findings depicted no significance differences in the perception of male and female towards work life balance. It also revealed high degree of positive correlation of 0.909 and 0.742 between work life balance and working parent’s personal and professional life respectively. And high impact of work life balance on working parent’s personal and professional life.
管理好工作、家庭和社会生活之间相互竞争的需求,几乎是每个组织都会遇到的问题。工作与生活的平衡对男女IT专业人士来说都是一个具有挑战性的问题,因为工作时间的增加和工作时间的监控比以往任何时候都要严格得多。本文探讨了it行业在职父母对工作生活平衡的性别认知,并考察了工作生活平衡对在职父母个人生活和职业生活的影响。本研究采用随机抽样方法,对200名IT行业在职父母进行问卷调查。使用的统计技术为检验、相关分析和回归分析。调查结果显示,男性和女性对工作与生活平衡的看法没有显著差异。工作生活平衡与职业父母个人生活和职业生活的高度正相关(分别为0.909和0.742)。工作和生活的平衡对工作父母的个人和职业生活的影响很大。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Purchase Intent for Value Added Services of Mobile Communication (With reference to BSNL and IDEA) 移动通信增值业务购买意愿研究(参考BSNL和IDEA)
Pub Date : 2015-10-15 DOI: 10.18701/imsmanthan.v10i1.5665
Sapna
Use of mobile communication is increasing rapidly. Understanding the behavioral adoption requirements of mobile services is important. Indian mobile communication is one of the fastest growing fields. Mobile service providers are also adding new schemes, offers and technology advancement in their services. The present study depicts what gratifications for value added services mobile users receive from mobile communication service providers. The type of research undertaken for the study was descriptive and the sampling design used is random sampling. The sample size was 200 respondents. The data was collected using a standardized questionnaire.
移动通信的使用正在迅速增加。了解移动服务的行为采用需求非常重要。印度移动通信是增长最快的领域之一。移动服务提供商也在他们的服务中增加了新的方案、优惠和技术进步。本研究描述了移动通信服务提供商对移动用户增值服务的满意度。该研究的研究类型是描述性的,使用的抽样设计是随机抽样。样本量为200人。使用标准化问卷收集数据。
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引用次数: 0
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The Journal of Innovations
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