Industrial Crops and Products最新文献_第4页

Cascade extraction of sorghum proteins from distillers grains for high-quality biobased materials 从蒸馏谷物中级联提取高粱蛋白质，以获得高质量的生物基材料

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120046

Bingnan Mu , Yuanyi Shao , Xiaoqing Yu , Lan Xu , Yiqi Yang

Sorghum distillers grains contain enriched proteins, which offer potential applications beyond traditional livestock feed. For the first time, major proteins from sorghum distillers grains were individually extracted and transformed into high-quality protein films via an aqueous system. Sorghum distillers grains are by-products of bioethanol production from sorghum grain. However, extracting sorghum proteins from distillers grains poses challenges due to protein densification and denaturation during ethanol production's distillation and drying phases. The increased non-covalent interactions among protein molecules further complicate their extraction. Moreover, previously, only the kafirin part, accounting for 55 % of sorghum proteins, was extracted while the glutelin, which has a higher molecular weight than kafirin and accounts for about 35 % of sorghum proteins, was left in distillers grains. Kafirin and glutelin from sorghum distillers grains were successfully extracted with a high yield in this work. The extraction technology individually separated kafirin and glutelin from sorghum distillers grains, providing a high extraction yield of up to 83 % and protein purity of 93 %. Besides, more kafirin subunits rich in cysteine were obtained by incorporating the oxidation step. An aqueous system was also developed to regenerate proteins and fully stretch both kafirin and glutelin simultaneously, improving interactions between protein molecules, enhancing molecular entanglement, and inducing ordered protein structures. As a result of protein extraction and dissolution techniques, tough and flexible protein films were developed from sorghum distillers grains.

高粱蒸馏谷物含有丰富的蛋白质，其潜在用途超出了传统的牲畜饲料。这是首次通过水溶液系统单独提取高粱馏分中的主要蛋白质并将其转化为优质蛋白膜。高粱蒸馏物是利用高粱谷物生产生物乙醇的副产品。然而，在乙醇生产的蒸馏和干燥阶段，蛋白质会发生致密化和变性，这给从蒸馏谷物中提取高粱蛋白质带来了挑战。蛋白质分子间的非共价相互作用增加，使蛋白质的提取变得更加复杂。此外，以前只提取了占高粱蛋白质 55% 的卡菲林部分，而分子量比卡菲林高、约占高粱蛋白质 35% 的谷蛋白则留在了蒸馏谷物中。这项研究成功地从高粱蒸馏颗粒中提取出了高产的 Kafirin 和谷蛋白。该萃取技术可从高粱蒸馏颗粒中单独分离出卡菲林和谷蛋白，萃取率高达 83%，蛋白质纯度高达 93%。此外，通过加入氧化步骤，还获得了更多富含半胱氨酸的卡非林亚基。此外，还开发了一种水溶液系统，用于再生蛋白质，同时充分拉伸卡菲林和谷蛋白，改善蛋白质分子之间的相互作用，增强分子缠结，并诱导有序的蛋白质结构。通过蛋白质提取和溶解技术，利用高粱蒸馏谷物开发出了坚韧而柔韧的蛋白质薄膜。

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引用次数: 0

Highly transparent and environment-friendly flame-retardant coating for cotton and silk fabrics 用于棉织物和丝织物的高透明度环保阻燃涂层

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120066

Zi-Hao Wang , Xiao Xiao , Jia-Yan Zhang , Bo-Wen Liu , Xiu-Li Wang , Hai-Bo Zhao , Fu-Rong Zeng

Natural textiles are ubiquitous and irreplaceable in daily life but suffer from their inherent flammability, which poses a substantial threat to property and life safety in the event of fire. Flame-retardant protective coatings are widely regarded as an efficacious means to address this problem. However, most conventional flame-retardant coatings often appear opaque or dark in color. Herein, we report a transparent and environment-friendly flame-retardant coating via a facile one-pot sol-gel strategy derived from diphenylphosphinic acid (DPPA) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). In this system, the homogeneous three-dimensional cross-linked polysiloxane-based network leads to a high light transmittance of 98 % in the visible region. Meanwhile, the resultant coating exhibits robust interfacial adhesion and great applicability to fabric substrates. Remarkably, the synergistic effect between phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and silicon (Si) endows the coating with a clearly visible char-forming capacity, which further imparts excellent flame retardancy to both cotton and silk fabrics, featuring a desired LOI value, self-extinguish behavior and low heat release. This work provides a fresh perspective on the design of universal flame-retardant coating, particularly integrating the virtues of environment friendliness, transparency, and colorlessness.

天然纺织品在日常生活中无处不在，不可替代，但其固有的易燃性在发生火灾时会对财产和生命安全造成严重威胁。阻燃保护涂层被广泛认为是解决这一问题的有效手段。然而，大多数传统的阻燃涂层往往不透明或颜色较深。在此，我们报告了一种透明且环保的阻燃涂层，它是通过二苯基膦酸（DPPA）和 3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）的简单一锅溶胶-凝胶法制备而成。在该体系中，均匀的三维交联聚硅氧烷基网络使其在可见光区域的透光率高达 98%。同时，由此产生的涂层具有强大的界面附着力，非常适用于织物基底。值得注意的是，磷（P）、氮（N）和硅（Si）之间的协同效应使涂层具有清晰可见的成炭能力，从而进一步赋予棉织物和丝织物优异的阻燃性能，具有理想的 LOI 值、自熄行为和低热释放特性。这项研究为通用阻燃涂层的设计提供了一个全新的视角，尤其是将环保、透明和无色等优点融为一体。

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引用次数: 0

Water-resistant, transparent, and highly efficient flame-retardant wood coating 防水、透明、高效的阻燃木器涂料

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120061

Yang Zou , Yuan Zhang , Ping Li , Jianzheng Qiao , Yiqiang Wu , Xingong Li , Yingfeng Zuo

Wood is widely used in home, construction and other fields, but the problems of easy corrosion of wood, poor flame retardant, low hardness limit the scope of use of wood. Therefore, in this study, we prepared the coating by a simple one-pot sol-gel method, modified silicate (water glass) by introducing green non-toxic organic polymer with sodium silicate solution (water glass) as the base material, and used polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and aminopropyl double-ended polydimethylsiloxane (2NH₂-PDMS) as the modifier. Triton X-100 as dispersant and ethyl acetate as curing agent were used to prepare three-dimensional crosslinked network structure (C-O-Si-OH-NH₂) sodium silicate composite coating. When exposed to flame, the non-combustible carbon layer formed by the three-dimensional network crosslinked structural coating can act as a strong fire barrier for the substrate, and the flame-retardant performance is far better than other coatings. The resulting coating LOI value exceeds 95 %, and cone calorimetry results show that, compared to uncoated wood, sodium silicate composite coating, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), smoke emission rate (SPR), total smoke emission rate (TSR) and CO₂ production rate were decreased by 96.6 %, 46.7 %, 96.2 %, 47.1 % and 91.7 %, respectively, and TTI was extended by 252 seconds. In addition, the gel rate (water resistance) of the silicate composite coating increased from 0 % to 61 %, flexibility changes from the curvature radius R>7.5 mm to R=5 mm, the hardness reached 5 H, and the brightness (L*) of the wood coating reached 75. From the above results, by overcoming the shortcomings of traditional sodium silicate coating in water resistance and poor flexibility, this paper innovates a water-resistant, flexible and expandable flame-retardant coating, which provides a new idea for further research on the design and manufacture of a new type of highly efficient, environmentally friendly, transparent and colorless water-resistant flexible and expandable flame-retardant sodium silicate coating.

木材被广泛应用于家居、建筑等领域，但木材易腐蚀、阻燃性差、硬度低等问题限制了木材的使用范围。因此，本研究采用简单的一锅溶胶-凝胶法制备涂层，以硅酸钠溶液（水玻璃）为基料，引入绿色无毒有机聚合物对硅酸盐（水玻璃）进行改性，以聚乙烯醇（PVA）和氨基丙基双端聚二甲基硅氧烷（2NH2-PDMS）为改性剂。以 Triton X-100 为分散剂，乙酸乙酯为固化剂，制备出三维交联网络结构（C-O-Si-OH-NH2）硅酸钠复合涂层。当暴露在火焰中时，三维网络交联结构涂层所形成的不燃碳层可对基材起到很强的阻燃作用，阻燃性能远远优于其他涂层。所得涂层的 LOI 值超过 95%，锥形量热仪结果表明，与未涂层的木材相比，硅酸钠复合涂层的峰值放热率（PHRR）、总放热率（THR）、发烟率（SPR）、总发烟率（TSR）和二氧化碳产生率分别降低了 96.6%、46.7%、96.2%、47.1% 和 91.7%，TTI 延长了 252 秒。此外，硅酸盐复合涂层的凝胶率（耐水性）从 0 % 提高到 61 %，柔韧性从曲率半径 R>7.5 mm 变为 R=5 mm，硬度达到 5 H，木质涂层的亮度（L*）达到 75。从以上结果来看，本文克服了传统硅酸钠涂料耐水性和柔韧性差的缺点，创新了一种耐水柔性可膨胀阻燃涂料，为进一步研究设计和制造高效、环保、透明、无色的新型耐水柔性可膨胀阻燃硅酸钠涂料提供了新思路。

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引用次数: 0

In-situ lignin modified corn straw/polyethylene/carbon black composites for electromagnetic shielding and inflaming retarding 用于电磁屏蔽和阻燃的原位木质素改性玉米秸秆/聚乙烯/炭黑复合材料

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120010

Zhiqiang Qi , Xiangsheng Han , Xiaoxue Wu , Wenbin Zhang , Keyan Yang , Hongzhen Cai

The functionalization of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) represents a significant demand in the fields of green building and the automotive industry. However, the superior distribution of functional components within the polymer matrix remains a challenging endeavor. In this paper, a novel conductive corn straw/polyethylene/ carbon black composite was constructed through an in-situ lignin regeneration strategy, during which the lignin in corn straw (CS) migrated to the surfaces of fibers and the interfacial compatibility among each component was optimized through the polarity modulating of CS. The in-situ lignin modified CS promoted the uniform distribution of conductive carbon black (CB) in the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix, and resulted in LRCS-HDPE-CB_x composites with superior conductivity (12.94 S/m), mechanical properties (e.g., a tensile strength of ∼29.05 MPa for LRCS-HDPE-CB₃₀), thermal stability, as well as promising EMI shielding effectiveness (∼24.00 dB, 8.2–12.4 GHz) and self-extinguishing capability (a limiting oxygen index of 23.5 %) when compared to unmodified CS-HDPE-CB_x composites. Thus, this work provides a simple and viable method for the fabrication of conductive wood-plastic composites exhibiting a uniform compositional distribution and promising functionality.

木塑复合材料（WPCs）的功能化是绿色建筑和汽车工业领域的一大需求。然而，如何在聚合物基体中更好地分布功能成分仍然是一项具有挑战性的工作。本文通过原位木质素再生策略构建了一种新型导电玉米秸秆/聚乙烯/炭黑复合材料，在此过程中，玉米秸秆（CS）中的木质素迁移到纤维表面，并通过调节 CS 的极性优化了各组分之间的界面相容性。原位木质素改性 CS 促进了导电炭黑（CB）在高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）基体中的均匀分布，从而使 LRCS-HDPE-CBx 复合材料具有优异的导电性（12.94 S/m）和机械性能（例如与未改性的 CS-HDPE-CBx 复合材料相比，LRCS-HDPE-CBx 复合材料具有更高的电导率（12.94 S/m）、机械性能（例如，LRCS-HDPE-CB30 的拉伸强度为 29.05 MPa）、热稳定性以及良好的电磁干扰屏蔽效果（24.00 dB，8.2-12.4 GHz）和自熄灭能力（极限氧指数为 23.5%）。因此，这项工作为制造导电木塑复合材料提供了一种简单可行的方法，这种复合材料具有均匀的成分分布和良好的功能性。

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引用次数: 0

Identification and characterization of genes regulating flowering time in apricots 杏花期调控基因的鉴定和特征描述

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120017

Min Liu , Ruijuan Yang , Gang Chen , Weiqian Li , Yitong Liu , Chengwei Chang , Yamei Wang , Dongmei Ma , Honglun Wang , Jinjun Cai , Chunxiang Fu

Apricot blossoms and seed kernels are valuable medicine and biodiesel feedstock, respectively. Frequent frosts in early spring often result in reduction or complete loss of apricot blossoms, fruits and seeds. Therefore, breeding late flowering varieties of the apricot is one of the important strategies to avoid frost damage. However, the mechanism regulating flowering time remains largely unknown in this species. Here, the transcriptomes of the apricot cultivars Weixuan No.1 (Prunus armeniaca L., late flowering) and Shanxing (Prunus sibirica L., early flowering) were analyzed to identify the genes regulating flowering time. The pairwise comparison identified 4900 genes with differential expression between cultivars. From these, 36 genes were identified related to apricot flowering time, including FLOWERING LOCUS T (PaFT, PARG03266), FOLLOWER LOCUS D (PaFD, PARG27379), and PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE 10 (PaPAMT10, PARG28000), their ectopic expression in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering. Additionally, one MADS-box transcription factor family member, PaAGL15-like (PARG25423), was retrieved from the differentially expressed transcription factors between Shanxing and Weixuan No.1. Subsequent experiments showed that the ectopic expression of PaAGL15-like in Arabidopsis promoted early flowering. In these transgenic plants, eight genes, including AtFT and miR156-targeted AtSPL3, were significantly enriched during the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. Yeast one-hybrid and transient dual luciferase assays further showed that PaAGL15-like activated AtFT but repressed AtmiR156b by directly binding to their promoter sequences. Finally, our study proposes four genes PaFT, PaFD, PaPAMT10, and PaAGL15-like as potential targets for fine-tuning flowering time to improve apricot blooms and seed kernel yield.

杏花和种仁分别是珍贵的药材和生物柴油原料。早春频繁的霜冻往往会导致杏花、果实和种子的减少或完全损失。因此，培育晚花杏品种是避免冻害的重要策略之一。然而，该物种的花期调控机制在很大程度上仍然未知。本文分析了杏栽培品种威选 1 号（Prunus armeniaca L.，晚花）和山兴（Prunus sibirica L.，早花）的转录组，以确定调控花期的基因。通过配对比较，确定了 4900 个基因在不同栽培品种之间存在表达差异。其中，有 36 个基因与杏的花期有关，包括花期定位点 T（PaFT，PARG03266）、花期定位点 D（PaFD，PARG27379）和蛋白质氨基酸甲酰转移酶 10（PaPAMT10，PARG28000），它们在拟南芥中的异位表达可促进早花。此外，从 "山星 "和 "威轩 1 号 "的差异表达转录因子中还发现了一个 MADS-box 转录因子家族成员 PaAGL15-like（PARG25423）。随后的实验表明，PaAGL15-like 在拟南芥中的异位表达可促进提早开花。在这些转基因植物中，包括AtFT和miR156靶向的AtSPL3在内的8个基因在植物期向生殖期过渡时显著富集。酵母单杂交和瞬时双荧光素酶测定进一步表明，PaAGL15-like通过直接与AtFT和AtmiR156b的启动子序列结合，激活了AtFT，但抑制了AtmiR156b。最后，我们的研究提出了四个基因 PaFT、PaFD、PaPAMT10 和 PaAGL15-like 作为微调花期的潜在靶标，以提高杏的开花率和种仁产量。

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引用次数: 0

Itaconic acid based epoxy resin and application of olive pomace on the production of composite materials 衣康酸基环氧树脂和橄榄渣在复合材料生产中的应用

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120022

Suheyla Kocaman , İrem Akyay

The synthesis of eco-friendly and renewable epoxy resins, capable of substituting conventional epoxy resins derived from petroleum and possibly hazardous materials, holds significant importance. In this study, it was aimed to develop biobased itaconic acid (IA) based epoxy resin (EIA). In addition, to reduce the costs and improve the mechanical and other properties of the synthesized EIA, olive pomace waste (OP), a natural reinforcement material, was used both in its raw form and chemically treated with NaOH (NaOH-OP) and then added to the biobased matrix phase. The EIA was modified with bisphenol-A type epoxy resin (ER) and used as a matrix. The chemical structure of EIA was confirmed by using analytical techniques such as ¹H NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry, and epoxy group determination. The reinforcements and composites were analyzed using FT-IR, FE-SEM/EDX, TGA, water sorption, contact angle measurement (C.A.), mechanical tests, and particle size distribution analysis. The morphological analysis revealed an augmentation in the adhesion between NaOH-OP fillers and the ER-EIA matrix. In comparison to both neat ER-EIA and raw OP composites, the NaOH-OP composites exhibited higher tensile strength. The investigation revealed that the composite material, which included 20 wt% NaOH-OP in a weight ratio of 7:3, had outstanding performance in terms of tensile strength (94.2 MPa) and elastic modulus (e-modulus) (7.1 GPa). The TGA results demonstrated that the inclusion of OPs greatly enhanced the thermal stability of neat ER-EIA. The composites reinforced with NaOH-OP had hydrophobic surfaces. The DMA results indicate that the glass transition temperature (T_g) of the composites is higher than that of the neat ER-EIA mixture. The identical outcomes apply to the curing degrees derived from FT-IR spectra.

合成生态友好型可再生环氧树脂具有重要意义，它能够替代传统的从石油和可能有害的材料中提取的环氧树脂。本研究旨在开发基于衣康酸（IA）的生物基环氧树脂（EIA）。此外，为了降低成本并改善合成环氧树脂的机械性能和其他性能，还使用了橄榄渣废料（OP）这一天然增强材料，既可作为原材料，也可经 NaOH 化学处理（NaOH-OP）后添加到生物基基体相中。EIA 经双酚 A 型环氧树脂 (ER) 改性后用作基体。通过使用 1H NMR、FT-IR、质谱和环氧基团测定等分析技术确认了 EIA 的化学结构。使用傅立叶变换红外光谱、FE-SEM/EDX、TGA、水吸附、接触角测量（C.A.）、机械测试和粒度分布分析对增强材料和复合材料进行了分析。形态分析表明，NaOH-OP 填料与 ER-EIA 基质之间的粘附力增强。与纯 ER-EIA 和未加工的 OP 复合材料相比，NaOH-OP 复合材料的拉伸强度更高。研究表明，含有 20 wt% NaOH-OP 且重量比为 7:3 的复合材料在拉伸强度（94.2 MPa）和弹性模量（e-模量）（7.1 GPa）方面表现出色。热重分析结果表明，OPs 的加入大大提高了纯 ER-EIA 的热稳定性。用 NaOH-OP 增强的复合材料具有疏水性表面。DMA 结果表明，复合材料的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）高于纯 ER-EIA 混合物。根据傅立叶变换红外光谱得出的固化度也有相同的结果。

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引用次数: 0

High-intensive aerogels constructed through in-situ growth of ZIF-8-NH2 on wood for efficient formaldehyde absorption 通过在木材上原位生长 ZIF-8-NH2 构建高强度气凝胶，实现高效甲醛吸收

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120040

Wenfan Yu , Zhenxuan Liang , Shaoyu Luo , Qian Yan , Yi Sun , Yisheng Zhu , Shifeng Zhang

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly advantageous due to their tunable pore size, exceptional thermal and chemical stability, and high specific surface area, making them ideal for applications in formaldehyde adsorption. However, the practical use of powdered MOFs is significantly hindered by their recycling challenges. In this research, wood-based composite aerogels (WAZN-X) were successfully prepared through loading Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8-NH₂ (ZIF-8-NH₂) inside wood aerogels. Ascribing to the elimination of lignin and hemicellulose, the enlarged pore structures of wood aerogels and the potential interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attractions) between components promoted the uniformly depositing of ZIF-8-NH₂ nanocrystals. The WAZN-X aerogels displayed excellent mechanical strength (e.g., the longitudinal Young’s modulus of 68.57 MPa) and promising formaldehyde adsorption performance (e.g., a stable formaldehyde removal rate of 98.11 %), and kept commendable reusability (95.98 % after 5 cycles). This research provides a new insight for developing high-value functional composite adsorbents for efficient formaldehyde purification.

金属有机框架（MOFs）具有可调节的孔径、优异的热稳定性和化学稳定性以及高比表面积等优点，因此非常适合应用于甲醛吸附。然而，粉末状 MOFs 的实际应用却因其回收难题而受到严重阻碍。本研究通过在木材气凝胶中添加沸石咪唑啉框架-8-NH2（ZIF-8-NH2），成功制备了木基复合气凝胶（WAZN-X）。由于消除了木质素和半纤维素，木材气凝胶的孔隙结构增大，各组分之间的潜在相互作用（如氢键和静电吸引）促进了 ZIF-8-NH2 纳米晶体的均匀沉积。WAZN-X 气凝胶显示出优异的机械强度（例如纵向杨氏模量为 68.57 兆帕）和良好的甲醛吸附性能（例如甲醛去除率稳定在 98.11 %），并保持了值得称赞的可重复使用性（5 次循环后为 95.98 %）。这项研究为开发高效净化甲醛的高价值功能复合吸附剂提供了新的思路。

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引用次数: 0

Biomass pinecone powder inclusion for mitigating mechanical degradation in recycled polypropylene extrusions 掺入生物质松果粉以减轻再生聚丙烯挤出物的机械降解性能

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119998

Phuong Van Do , Prabhakar M.N. , Krishnan Jayaraman , Jung-il Song

Recycling of polypropylene (rPP) poses challenges due to the degradation of its mechanical properties during multiple heating and cooling processes, which limits its practical applications. To address this issue, this study explores the incorporation of pinecone powder (PCP) as a sustainable reinforcing filler to improve the thermomechanical properties of rPP. The motivation stems from the need for eco-friendly materials that can reduce the effects of thermal degradation while enhancing mechanical performance. Experimental results showed that rPP composites containing 15 wt% PCP achieved significant improvements, with tensile strength increasing by 22 % (from 21.17 MPa to 25.86 MPa) and flexural strength by 24 % (from 35.2 MPa to 43.75 MPa) compared to neat rPP. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed strong interfacial bonding between the rPP matrix and PCP, contributing to improved tensile and flexural properties. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed enhanced thermal stability, delaying the onset of thermal degradation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that PCP expansion at high temperatures led to better distribution of particles, though non-uniform particle sizes and interfacial debonding were observed at elevated temperatures. These findings highlight PCP’s potential as a bio-based filler for improving rPP properties, although further optimization of particle size distribution and interfacial adhesion is necessary for industrial applications. The results demonstrate the potential of PCP to address both mechanical and environmental challenges in polypropylene recycling.

由于聚丙烯（rPP）在多次加热和冷却过程中会出现机械性能退化，这限制了其实际应用，因此回收利用聚丙烯（rPP）是一项挑战。为解决这一问题，本研究探讨了加入松果粉（PCP）作为可持续增强填料，以改善 rPP 的热机械性能。其动机源于对既能减少热降解影响又能提高机械性能的环保材料的需求。实验结果表明，与纯 rPP 相比，含有 15 wt% PCP 的 rPP 复合材料实现了显著改善，拉伸强度提高了 22%（从 21.17 兆帕提高到 25.86 兆帕），弯曲强度提高了 24%（从 35.2 兆帕提高到 43.75 兆帕）。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）证实了 rPP 基体和五氯苯酚之间的强界面结合，有助于改善拉伸和弯曲性能。热重分析（TGA）显示热稳定性增强，热降解开始时间延迟。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）显示，尽管在高温下观察到颗粒尺寸不均匀和界面脱粘现象，但 PCP 在高温下的膨胀使颗粒分布更均匀。这些发现凸显了五氯苯酚作为生物基填料在改善 rPP 性能方面的潜力，不过在工业应用中还需要进一步优化粒度分布和界面粘附性。这些结果表明，五氯苯酚具有解决聚丙烯回收中机械和环境挑战的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Manipulating flavonoid biosynthesis in Trigonella persica through controlled spectral lighting 通过控制光谱光照操纵柿子三叶草中黄酮类化合物的生物合成

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120016

Ehsan Bakhshy , Fatemeh Zarinkamar , Bahram Mohammad Soltani , Mehrdad Nazari

Trigonella persica Boiss., is renowned for its rich phytochemical profile, particularly the presence of the flavonol quercetin. This study explored the effects of various light treatments, including blue, red, blue-red (1:1) radiation (BRR), and pink fluorescent light (PFL), on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms governing quercetin and flavonoid biosynthesis in T. persica at different growth stages. Our results showed that light treatments significantly influenced the activity of key enzymes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) during germination and vegetative growth, with blue light inducing higher PAL and TAL activities compared to control conditions. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses revealed that 48-h-old sprouts grown under red light exhibited the highest levels of flavonoid components and phenolic acids, with catechin as the predominant flavonoid. Notably, BRR treatment led to elevated concentrations of the bioavailable quercetin-3-rhamnoside in 48-h-old sprouts, while 15-day-old plants grown under PFL conditions showed a significant accumulation of the sulfated quercetin-3-sulfate. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that BRR upregulated the expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes PAL, chalcone synthase (CHS), and chalcone isomerase (CHI) in sprouts, whereas PFL treatment induced higher expression of these genes, as well as cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), in aerial parts. These findings suggest that targeted light treatments, particularly blue and red LED light, can enhance the accumulation of bioavailable quercetin-3-rhamnoside during T. persica germination and sprouts exhibit higher levels of flavonoids and phenolic acids than aerial parts during different vegetative growth stages.

Trigonella persica Boiss.以其丰富的植物化学成分而闻名，尤其是黄酮醇槲皮素。本研究探讨了各种光处理（包括蓝光、红光、蓝-红（1:1）辐射（BRR）和粉红荧光灯（PFL））对不同生长阶段柿树槲皮素和黄酮类化合物生物合成的生化和分子机制的影响。结果表明，在萌芽期和无性生长期，光处理对关键酶苯丙氨酸氨解酶（PAL）和酪氨酸氨解酶（TAL）的活性有显著影响，与对照条件相比，蓝光诱导更高的PAL和TAL活性。高效液相色谱（HPLC）和液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析表明，在红光下生长 48 小时的芽表现出最高水平的类黄酮成分和酚酸，其中儿茶素是最主要的类黄酮。值得注意的是，BRR 处理导致 48 小时龄幼芽中生物可利用的槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷浓度升高，而在 PFL 条件下生长 15 天的植株则显示出硫酸化的槲皮素-3-硫酸盐的显著积累。实时 PCR 分析表明，BRR 上调了芽中黄酮生物合成基因 PAL、查尔酮合成酶（CHS）和查尔酮异构酶（CHI）的表达，而 PFL 处理则诱导这些基因以及肉桂酸 4- 羟化酶（C4H）在气生部分中的高表达。这些研究结果表明，有针对性的光处理，特别是蓝色和红色 LED 光，可以在柿树发芽过程中提高生物可利用的槲皮素-3-鼠李糖苷的积累，而且在不同的无性生长阶段，幼芽比气生组织表现出更高水平的黄酮类化合物和酚酸。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable straightforward synthesis of hierarchically porous graphitised carbon foams with nanodispersed magnetite and elemental iron particles 可持续地直接合成具有纳米分散磁铁矿和元素铁颗粒的分层多孔石墨化碳泡沫

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120058

Cristóbal Cuesta, Elena Rodríguez, Sara F. Villanueva, María Antonia Diez, Ana Arenillas, María Antonia López-Antón, M. Rosa Martínez-Tarazona, Roberto García

This study presents a straightforward synthesis method for producing 3D carbon foams with specific characteristics, including an open macroporous structure combined with microporosity and mesoporosity, as well as the nanodispersion of various iron species within the carbonaceous matrix. The process involves thermo-foaming and carbonisation of sucrose in the presence of an iron nitrate additive, resulting in ordered carbon structures with reduced oxygen content and finely nanodispersed iron species particles within the carbon matrix. The properties of the resulting material vary based on the proportion of the additive and the carbonisation temperature, highlighting the versatility of the method in producing different materials for diverse plications. Above 800 °C, iron nitrate reacts to form Fe₃O₄ and Fe⁰, which catalytically influence the foam structure. Graphitisation consistently occurs between 800 and 900 °C, facilitated by the fine nanodispersion of iron species. The combination of an open macroporous nature with microporosity and mesoporosity, along with a partially graphitised carbonaceous matrix containing nanodispersed active iron species, makes these materials promising candidates for valuable applications such as adsorption, catalysis, and biomedical uses.

本研究提出了一种生产三维碳泡沫的直接合成方法，这种泡沫具有特定的特性，包括开放的大孔结构与微孔和中孔相结合，以及碳质基质中各种铁元素的纳米分散。该工艺涉及蔗糖在硝酸铁添加剂存在下的热发泡和碳化，从而产生有序的碳结构，氧含量降低，碳基质中的铁种颗粒呈精细的纳米分散。根据添加剂的比例和碳化温度的不同，所得材料的性质也不同，这突出表明了该方法在生产不同材料以用于不同用途方面的多功能性。在 800 °C 以上，硝酸铁反应生成 Fe3O4 和 Fe0，对泡沫结构产生催化作用。铁元素的精细纳米分散促进了石墨化在 800 至 900 °C之间持续发生。开放的大孔性质与微孔和中孔相结合，再加上含有纳米分散活性铁元素的部分石墨化碳质基质，使这些材料有望用于吸附、催化和生物医学等有价值的应用领域。

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引用次数: 0