Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122770
Ke Hu , Bingbing Cai , Xingmei Gao , Takeshi Fujino , Kokyo Oh , Hongyan Cheng , Jianning Chang , Na Liu , Yuwei Jin , Weiqian Wang , Haibo Zhang
Pretreatment is a critical stage in the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to biofuels. Herein, a sustainable and efficient pretreatment strategy coupling H2O2 oxidation with UV/TiO2 film photocatalysis was developed to reduce the structural recalcitrance of corn straw. A synergistic interaction occurred between H2O2 oxidation and UV/TiO2 film photocatalysis, with hydroxyl radical (OH) playing a pivotal role in increasing the effectiveness of the combined pretreatment. The optimal pretreatment conditions were identified as a four-layer TiO2 film, 0.6 g/g H2O2 loading, pH 11, and a temperature of 65 °C for 6 h. At the optimal pretreatment parameters, lignin and hemicellulose removal reached 79.0 % and 65.3 %, respectively, which promoted an increase in glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of straw to 85.6 %. Moreover, possible mechanisms underlying the H2O2 and UV/TiO2 film pretreatment of straw were proposed. Collectively, this pretreatment strategy offers a novel, efficient, and environmentally sustainable approach that introduces no environmental pollutants, providing valuable insights for the biomass refining industry.
{"title":"Coupled H2O2 oxidation and UV/TiO2 film photocatalysis pretreatment: A sustainable strategy to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of corn straw","authors":"Ke Hu , Bingbing Cai , Xingmei Gao , Takeshi Fujino , Kokyo Oh , Hongyan Cheng , Jianning Chang , Na Liu , Yuwei Jin , Weiqian Wang , Haibo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pretreatment is a critical stage in the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to biofuels. Herein, a sustainable and efficient pretreatment strategy coupling H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> oxidation with UV/TiO<sub>2</sub> film photocatalysis was developed to reduce the structural recalcitrance of corn straw. A synergistic interaction occurred between H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> oxidation and UV/TiO<sub>2</sub> film photocatalysis, with hydroxyl radical (OH) playing a pivotal role in increasing the effectiveness of the combined pretreatment. The optimal pretreatment conditions were identified as a four-layer TiO<sub>2</sub> film, 0.6 g/g H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> loading, pH 11, and a temperature of 65 °C for 6 h. At the optimal pretreatment parameters, lignin and hemicellulose removal reached 79.0 % and 65.3 %, respectively, which promoted an increase in glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of straw to 85.6 %. Moreover, possible mechanisms underlying the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and UV/TiO<sub>2</sub> film pretreatment of straw were proposed. Collectively, this pretreatment strategy offers a novel, efficient, and environmentally sustainable approach that introduces no environmental pollutants, providing valuable insights for the biomass refining industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122770"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122845
Hao Wu, Yisheng Si, Teng Wang, Ruidi Hao, Lei Wang, Yamei Wang
Traditional wood preservatives containing heavy metals (e.g., chromated copper arsenate, CCA) are increasingly restricted owing to their persistence and ecotoxicity. Botanical extracts derived from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have emerged as promising green alternatives for wood protection. However, their industrial application is hindered by limitations such as leachability, environmental instability and moderate efficacy. This review examines three key enhancement strategies: synergistic formulation to boost antifungal efficacy; nanotechnology (e.g., TiO2, SiO2, carbon dots) to improve leaching resistance and durability via encapsulation; and stimuli-responsive systems for targeted, on-demand release, reducing overall dosage. Nevertheless, this review highlights that these technologies may introduce new challenges, including unclear mechanisms of combination, potential ecotoxicity of nanomaterials, and concerns regarding the reliability of stimuli-responsive release systems (e.g., pH-/enzyme-triggered) in real-world environments. Finally, it is emphasized that future research must transcend laboratory-scale performance optimization to incorporate holistic life cycle assessment (LCA) and ecotoxicological evaluations. The integration of emerging concepts, such as deep eutectic solvents (DES) for green extraction, is crucial for developing practical, sustainable, and efficient wood preservation systems derived from industrial crops. Overall, these advanced strategies demonstrate the potential of CHM-based preservatives as effective and sustainable alternatives, supporting the transition towards greener wood protection.
{"title":"Enhancing wood preservatives from cultivated Chinese herbal medicines: A review of synergistic formulation, nano-modification, and smart release technologies","authors":"Hao Wu, Yisheng Si, Teng Wang, Ruidi Hao, Lei Wang, Yamei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122845","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional wood preservatives containing heavy metals (e.g., chromated copper arsenate, CCA) are increasingly restricted owing to their persistence and ecotoxicity. Botanical extracts derived from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have emerged as promising green alternatives for wood protection. However, their industrial application is hindered by limitations such as leachability, environmental instability and moderate efficacy. This review examines three key enhancement strategies: synergistic formulation to boost antifungal efficacy; nanotechnology (e.g., TiO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, carbon dots) to improve leaching resistance and durability via encapsulation; and stimuli-responsive systems for targeted, on-demand release, reducing overall dosage. Nevertheless, this review highlights that these technologies may introduce new challenges, including unclear mechanisms of combination, potential ecotoxicity of nanomaterials, and concerns regarding the reliability of stimuli-responsive release systems (e.g., pH-/enzyme-triggered) in real-world environments. Finally, it is emphasized that future research must transcend laboratory-scale performance optimization to incorporate holistic life cycle assessment (LCA) and ecotoxicological evaluations. The integration of emerging concepts, such as deep eutectic solvents (DES) for green extraction, is crucial for developing practical, sustainable, and efficient wood preservation systems derived from industrial crops. Overall, these advanced strategies demonstrate the potential of CHM-based preservatives as effective and sustainable alternatives, supporting the transition towards greener wood protection.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"320 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122819
Xiaotong Yang , Hongyang Zhang , Waseem Mushtaq , Junzhe Zhao , Mi Lei , Sainan Peng , Shijuan Wu , Shumin Feng , Huanran Yuan , Dahui Liu
Cadmium (Cd) pollutant poses severe risks to ecosystems. Identifying suitable plant species with large biomass, economic value, and stable Cd tolerance and accumulation is urgently needed for Cd removal. Here, Artemisia argyi cultivar ‘Xiang Ai’ (XA) exhibited remarkable Cd tolerance together with sustained and stable Cd-accumulation capacity throughout its entire growth period. Normal growth was maintained even under 100 mg/kg Cd exposure, and a stable Cd-enrichment level of 7045.74 μg per plant was recorded. Cd was predominantly accumulated in the aboveground organs, particularly in the lower leaves. Physiological, biochemical, and multi-omics analyses revealed that its Cd tolerance was mainly achieved through a coordinated antioxidant defense system, in which enhanced SOD-mediated enzymatic activity acted synergistically with hispidulin-enriched non-enzymatic protection driven by the upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Moreover, hispidulin was further suggested to potentiate SOD activity, thereby reinforcing the enzymatic detoxification of ROS. Additionally, hispidulin was implicated as a putative signaling molecule capable of recruiting Cd-tolerant rhizosphere microorganisms (e.g., norank_o_Chloroplast), which further strengthened Cd resistance in XA. Collectively, this study provides new insights into the Cd tolerance mechanisms of A. argyi, and establishes a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of Cd-contaminated soils and the safe utilization of hyperaccumulative medicinal plant resources.
{"title":"Hispidulin mediates long-term cadmium tolerance and accumulation capacity in Artemisia argyi","authors":"Xiaotong Yang , Hongyang Zhang , Waseem Mushtaq , Junzhe Zhao , Mi Lei , Sainan Peng , Shijuan Wu , Shumin Feng , Huanran Yuan , Dahui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) pollutant poses severe risks to ecosystems. Identifying suitable plant species with large biomass, economic value, and stable Cd tolerance and accumulation is urgently needed for Cd removal. Here, <em>Artemisia argyi</em> cultivar ‘Xiang Ai’ (XA) exhibited remarkable Cd tolerance together with sustained and stable Cd-accumulation capacity throughout its entire growth period. Normal growth was maintained even under 100 mg/kg Cd exposure, and a stable Cd-enrichment level of 7045.74 μg per plant was recorded. Cd was predominantly accumulated in the aboveground organs, particularly in the lower leaves. Physiological, biochemical, and multi-omics analyses revealed that its Cd tolerance was mainly achieved through a coordinated antioxidant defense system, in which enhanced SOD-mediated enzymatic activity acted synergistically with hispidulin-enriched non-enzymatic protection driven by the upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Moreover, hispidulin was further suggested to potentiate SOD activity, thereby reinforcing the enzymatic detoxification of ROS. Additionally, hispidulin was implicated as a putative signaling molecule capable of recruiting Cd-tolerant rhizosphere microorganisms (e.g., norank_o_Chloroplast), which further strengthened Cd resistance in XA. Collectively, this study provides new insights into the Cd tolerance mechanisms of <em>A. argyi</em>, and establishes a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of Cd-contaminated soils and the safe utilization of hyperaccumulative medicinal plant resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122819"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122839
Nilo M. Robles Carrillo , Carlos Méndez-Durazno , Pablo A. Cisneros-Pérez , Luis Corredor-González , Valeria Ramirez , Diego Bolaños-Mendez , Danilo Escobar-Avello , Alexis Debut , Oscar M. Rodríguez-Narvaez , Patricio J. Espinoza-Montero
Carbonaceous materials derived from biomass are increasingly recognized as promising precursors for bioenergy applications due to their complex microarchitectures, environmental compatibility, and capacity for scalable production. Nevertheless, the direct utilization of raw biomass remains constrained by its inherent recalcitrance, which limits conversion efficiency and overall process performance. In this study, the bioenergy potential of Plukenetia volubilis L. (Sacha-inchi) shell and husk were systematically evaluated through physicochemical characterization, pyrolysis kinetic modelling, and thermal behavior analysis. The thermal decomposition kinetics were determined using isoconversional approaches at heating rates of 2.5, 5, and 10 °C·min⁻1. Biochar was produced in a tubular furnace and subsequently analyzed to assess its physicochemical attributes. The higher heating values of Sacha-inchi shell and husk were 19.24 and 15.84 MJ·kg⁻1, respectively. Structural analyses using XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, indicating suitability for biochemical extraction and renewable fuel production. Kinetic analysis using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) method showed average activation energies of 219.70 kJ·mol⁻1 for the shell and 167.23 kJ·mol⁻1 for the husk, with the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method yielding closely comparable results. The thermodynamic parameters of the raw biomass further demonstrated its appropriateness for pyrolytic conversion. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of Sacha-inchi by-products as valuable feedstocks for bioenergy generation and related biorefinery applications.
{"title":"Physicochemical properties, thermal behavior, and chemical kinetic analysis of Plukenetia volubilis L. (Sacha inchi) for biofuel applications","authors":"Nilo M. Robles Carrillo , Carlos Méndez-Durazno , Pablo A. Cisneros-Pérez , Luis Corredor-González , Valeria Ramirez , Diego Bolaños-Mendez , Danilo Escobar-Avello , Alexis Debut , Oscar M. Rodríguez-Narvaez , Patricio J. Espinoza-Montero","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonaceous materials derived from biomass are increasingly recognized as promising precursors for bioenergy applications due to their complex microarchitectures, environmental compatibility, and capacity for scalable production. Nevertheless, the direct utilization of raw biomass remains constrained by its inherent recalcitrance, which limits conversion efficiency and overall process performance. In this study, the bioenergy potential of <em>Plukenetia volubilis</em> L. (Sacha-inchi) shell and husk were systematically evaluated through physicochemical characterization, pyrolysis kinetic modelling, and thermal behavior analysis. The thermal decomposition kinetics were determined using isoconversional approaches at heating rates of 2.5, 5, and 10 °C·min⁻<sup>1</sup>. Biochar was produced in a tubular furnace and subsequently analyzed to assess its physicochemical attributes. The higher heating values of Sacha-inchi shell and husk were 19.24 and 15.84 MJ·kg⁻<sup>1</sup>, respectively. Structural analyses using XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, indicating suitability for biochemical extraction and renewable fuel production. Kinetic analysis using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) method showed average activation energies of 219.70 kJ·mol⁻<sup>1</sup> for the shell and 167.23 kJ·mol⁻<sup>1</sup> for the husk, with the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method yielding closely comparable results. The thermodynamic parameters of the raw biomass further demonstrated its appropriateness for pyrolytic conversion. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of Sacha-inchi by-products as valuable feedstocks for bioenergy generation and related biorefinery applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122839"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122837
Hong-Mei Jia , Xue-Mei Wu , Hui-Yang Deng , Guo-Peng Chen , Rong Ding , Rui Gu
Continuous cultivation is a common mode in the production of medicinal plants. Rhodiola crenulata, as a rare and endangered medicinal plant, like other medicinal plants, suffers from a decline in soil functionality due to long-term monoculture, which may constrain its growth and yield. However, the microbial community succession, soil functional changes, and their relationship during the artificial cultivation of R. crenulata remain poorly understood. In this study, rhizosphere soils from R. crenulata cultivated for 1-4 years were analyzed. By combining physical and chemical properties, extracellular enzyme activity analysis, high-throughput sequencing, and functional prediction, the relationship between microorganisms and soil under continuous cultivation was explored. The results showed that continuous cultivation was associated with a marked decline in soil multifunctionality, which decreased by approximately 46.19 % from the first to the fourth year, accompanied by significant reductions in available nutrients and microbial biomass carbon (77.81 %) and nitrogen (41.91 %). In contrast, activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased significantly with cultivation duration. The fungal community shifted from saprophytic to a coexistence of pathogenic and symbiotic types, with an enrichment of potential pathogenic fungi in the Hypocreales and Eurotiales. The carbon and nitrogen cycling functions of the bacterial community declined, whereas sulfur cycling and stress response functions increased. Concurrently, the co-occurrence network revealed intensified microbial competition and decreased functional redundancy. These findings suggest that the reshaping of microbial functions under continuous cultivation is a key driver of the decline in soil multifunctionality.
{"title":"Functional reshaping of rhizosphere microorganisms drives the degradation of soil multifunctionality in continuously cultivated Rhodiola crenulata","authors":"Hong-Mei Jia , Xue-Mei Wu , Hui-Yang Deng , Guo-Peng Chen , Rong Ding , Rui Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continuous cultivation is a common mode in the production of medicinal plants. <em>Rhodiola crenulata</em>, as a rare and endangered medicinal plant, like other medicinal plants, suffers from a decline in soil functionality due to long-term monoculture, which may constrain its growth and yield. However, the microbial community succession, soil functional changes, and their relationship during the artificial cultivation of <em>R. crenulata</em> remain poorly understood. In this study, rhizosphere soils from <em>R. crenulata</em> cultivated for 1-4 years were analyzed. By combining physical and chemical properties, extracellular enzyme activity analysis, high-throughput sequencing, and functional prediction, the relationship between microorganisms and soil under continuous cultivation was explored. The results showed that continuous cultivation was associated with a marked decline in soil multifunctionality, which decreased by approximately 46.19 % from the first to the fourth year, accompanied by significant reductions in available nutrients and microbial biomass carbon (77.81 %) and nitrogen (41.91 %). In contrast, activities of peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) increased significantly with cultivation duration. The fungal community shifted from saprophytic to a coexistence of pathogenic and symbiotic types, with an enrichment of potential pathogenic fungi in the Hypocreales and Eurotiales. The carbon and nitrogen cycling functions of the bacterial community declined, whereas sulfur cycling and stress response functions increased. Concurrently, the co-occurrence network revealed intensified microbial competition and decreased functional redundancy. These findings suggest that the reshaping of microbial functions under continuous cultivation is a key driver of the decline in soil multifunctionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122837"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zoysia japonica (Zoysia japonica Steud.) is a perennial warm-season grass widely used for soil and water conservation due to its extensive root system and resilience in lands, which has a huge potential in enhancing carbon sinks, restoring degraded ecosystems, and improving the living environment. However, Z. japonica will lose color and go into withering prematurely in late fall and winter compared with cool-season grass in the transition zone and the northern regions, which limits the application of Z. japonica. In this study, we successfully cultivated a “G” single-base deletion mutant of ZjSGR (STAY-GREEN) in Z. japonica (sgr-mutant) by CRISPR/Cas9 transient expression without exogenous genes. Based on the experiments of the sgr-mutant and the wild-type plant (WT-plant) under dark and low temperature stresses, the study demonstrates that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated novel single-base deletion of ZjSGR in Z. japonica exhibits not only prolonged chlorophyll retention but also superior stress tolerance under both dark and low temperature stress treatments. The mechanism of the improved stress tolerance of the sgr-mutant includes the accumulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid, providing a foundational buffer against oxidative damage, and a flexible regulation of key antioxidant enzymes in an energy-efficient way with a lower transcriptional burden compared to the WT-plant. Therefore, our study demonstrates that SGR plays a vital role in both leaf color and stress tolerance in grass, providing a new breeding strategy for developing green-persistence, stress-tolerance and low-maintenance grass applications.
{"title":"A single-base deletion in ZjSGR confers the STAY-GREEN phenotype and the enhanced stress tolerance in Zoysia japonica under dark and low temperature stresses","authors":"Jiahang Zhang, Lijing Li, Zhiwei Zhang, Yueyue Liu, Jiajing Mao, Jinchao Li, Na Zhang, Liebao Han, Lixin Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122836","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Zoysia japonica</em> (<em>Zoysia japonica</em> Steud.) is a perennial warm-season grass widely used for soil and water conservation due to its extensive root system and resilience in lands, which has a huge potential in enhancing carbon sinks, restoring degraded ecosystems, and improving the living environment. However, <em>Z. japonica</em> will lose color and go into withering prematurely in late fall and winter compared with cool-season grass in the transition zone and the northern regions, which limits the application of <em>Z. japonica</em>. In this study, we successfully cultivated a “G” single-base deletion mutant of <em>ZjSGR</em> (<em>STAY-GREEN</em>) in <em>Z. japonica</em> (<em>sgr</em>-mutant) by CRISPR/Cas9 transient expression without exogenous genes. Based on the experiments of the <em>sgr</em>-mutant and the wild-type plant (WT-plant) under dark and low temperature stresses, the study demonstrates that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated novel single-base deletion of <em>ZjSGR</em> in <em>Z. japonica</em> exhibits not only prolonged chlorophyll retention but also superior stress tolerance under both dark and low temperature stress treatments. The mechanism of the improved stress tolerance of the <em>sgr</em>-mutant includes the accumulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid, providing a foundational buffer against oxidative damage, and a flexible regulation of key antioxidant enzymes in an energy-efficient way with a lower transcriptional burden compared to the WT-plant. Therefore, our study demonstrates that <em>SGR</em> plays a vital role in both leaf color and stress tolerance in grass, providing a new breeding strategy for developing green-persistence, stress-tolerance and low-maintenance grass applications.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122844
Yuling Guo , Le Liu , Mengli Yu , Rumeng Zhao , Bowei Xu , Jiajie Yang , Zhongxian Li , Gang Wang , Liqiang Fan , Zuoren Yang
Soil salinization is an escalating environmental challenge that severely impairs cotton productivity. Although ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) have shown promise in enhancing plant stress tolerance, their regulatory mechanisms in mitigating salt stress toxicity in cotton remain poorly understood. This study revealed the regulatory mechanism by which ZNPs significantly mitigate salt stress toxicity in cotton by integrating physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional responses. The synthesized ZNPs (hydrodynamic diameter: 28.3 ± 5.3 nm; ζ-potential: −41.5 ± 7.8 mV) partially restored plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content, improving photosynthetic performance under salt stress. Furthermore, ZNPs treatment enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) and rebalanced phytohormone homeostasis—ameliorating declines in GA₃ and IAA, and attenuating excessive ABA accumulation. Time-resolved metabolomics (3277 metabolites) and transcriptomics (72,127 genes) revealed that ZNPs mitigate salt-induced metabolic perturbation and reprogram early transcriptional dynamics (notably within 12–24 h), forming co-expression modules enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis, hormone signaling, fatty acid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis pathways. Integrative analysis identified GhFAB, a fatty acid biosynthesis gene induced by ZNPs. Phenotypic assessments revealed that GhFAB-OE lines exhibited significantly enhanced salt tolerance, with increased chlorophyll content, plant height, and fresh weight under NaCl treatment, whereas its suppression increased salt sensitivity, validating its functional role, demonstrate that GhFAB acts as a positive regulator in ZNPs-mediated salt tolerance in cotton. Our findings provide a multi-dimensional understanding of ZNPs-mediated salt tolerance and offer a strategic framework for developing nanoparticle-based agronomic practices to improve crop tolerance in saline environments.
{"title":"Unraveling the regulatory mechanisms of ZnO nanoparticles in mitigating salt stress toxicity in cotton","authors":"Yuling Guo , Le Liu , Mengli Yu , Rumeng Zhao , Bowei Xu , Jiajie Yang , Zhongxian Li , Gang Wang , Liqiang Fan , Zuoren Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinization is an escalating environmental challenge that severely impairs cotton productivity. Although ZnO nanoparticles (ZNPs) have shown promise in enhancing plant stress tolerance, their regulatory mechanisms in mitigating salt stress toxicity in cotton remain poorly understood. This study revealed the regulatory mechanism by which ZNPs significantly mitigate salt stress toxicity in cotton by integrating physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional responses. The synthesized ZNPs (hydrodynamic diameter: 28.3 ± 5.3 nm; ζ-potential: −41.5 ± 7.8 mV) partially restored plant height, leaf area, and chlorophyll content, improving photosynthetic performance under salt stress. Furthermore, ZNPs treatment enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, CAT, APX) and rebalanced phytohormone homeostasis—ameliorating declines in GA₃ and IAA, and attenuating excessive ABA accumulation. Time-resolved metabolomics (3277 metabolites) and transcriptomics (72,127 genes) revealed that ZNPs mitigate salt-induced metabolic perturbation and reprogram early transcriptional dynamics (notably within 12–24 h), forming co-expression modules enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis, hormone signaling, fatty acid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis pathways. Integrative analysis identified <em>GhFAB</em>, a fatty acid biosynthesis gene induced by ZNPs. Phenotypic assessments revealed that <em>GhFAB-OE</em> lines exhibited significantly enhanced salt tolerance, with increased chlorophyll content, plant height, and fresh weight under NaCl treatment, whereas its suppression increased salt sensitivity, validating its functional role, demonstrate that <em>GhFAB</em> acts as a positive regulator in ZNPs-mediated salt tolerance in cotton. Our findings provide a multi-dimensional understanding of ZNPs-mediated salt tolerance and offer a strategic framework for developing nanoparticle-based agronomic practices to improve crop tolerance in saline environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122844"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122821
Yapeng Li , Juan Han , Yizhe Cheng , Hao Yang , Jie Liu , Houyin Deng , Zijie Zhang , Yuhan Sun , Yousry A. El-Kassaby , Chao Lu , Ruihua Wu , Yun Li , Ye Zhao
Rejuvenation of mature woody plants is critical for restoring regenerative capacity and improving clonal propagation efficiency, yet effective induction strategies and their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether successive grafting onto juvenile root-cutting rootstocks can induce systemic rejuvenation in mature black locust and to elucidate the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. Apical scions collected from mature trees were subjected to two successive grafting cycles onto juvenile root-cutting rootstocks, generating first- and second-generation grafted seedlings, which were compared with mature trees and juvenile root-cutting plantlets. Morphological, anatomical, physiological, transcriptomic, small RNA, and global DNA methylation analyses were conducted to evaluate rejuvenation-related changes. Successive grafting progressively restored juvenile traits, including increased leaf area, enhanced trichome density, reduced leaf thickness, and elongation of spines. Physiological analyses revealed decreased protein, phenolic, and malondialdehyde contents, together with a marked increase in net photosynthetic rate. Molecular analyses showed significant upregulation of microRNA156, repression of microRNA172, and a pronounced reduction in global DNA methylation levels during rejuvenation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified RpMYC2 as a central transcriptional hub whose expression increased across grafting generations and was accompanied by elevated endogenous jasmonic acid accumulation and coordinated induction of jasmonate-related genes. Heterologous overexpression of RpMYC2 in Arabidopsis thaliana delayed flowering and suppressed AtFT expression, indicating a conserved role in age-related developmental regulation. These results demonstrate that successive grafting onto juvenile root-cutting rootstocks is an effective strategy for inducing rejuvenation in mature black locust and identify RpMYC2 as a key regulator linking jasmonate signaling to developmental phase reversal.
{"title":"Successive grafting reprograms vegetative phase transition in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), a woody crop species","authors":"Yapeng Li , Juan Han , Yizhe Cheng , Hao Yang , Jie Liu , Houyin Deng , Zijie Zhang , Yuhan Sun , Yousry A. El-Kassaby , Chao Lu , Ruihua Wu , Yun Li , Ye Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rejuvenation of mature woody plants is critical for restoring regenerative capacity and improving clonal propagation efficiency, yet effective induction strategies and their regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether successive grafting onto juvenile root-cutting rootstocks can induce systemic rejuvenation in mature black locust and to elucidate the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. Apical scions collected from mature trees were subjected to two successive grafting cycles onto juvenile root-cutting rootstocks, generating first- and second-generation grafted seedlings, which were compared with mature trees and juvenile root-cutting plantlets. Morphological, anatomical, physiological, transcriptomic, small RNA, and global DNA methylation analyses were conducted to evaluate rejuvenation-related changes. Successive grafting progressively restored juvenile traits, including increased leaf area, enhanced trichome density, reduced leaf thickness, and elongation of spines. Physiological analyses revealed decreased protein, phenolic, and malondialdehyde contents, together with a marked increase in net photosynthetic rate. Molecular analyses showed significant upregulation of microRNA156, repression of microRNA172, and a pronounced reduction in global DNA methylation levels during rejuvenation. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified <em>RpMYC2</em> as a central transcriptional hub whose expression increased across grafting generations and was accompanied by elevated endogenous jasmonic acid accumulation and coordinated induction of jasmonate-related genes. Heterologous overexpression of <em>RpMYC2</em> in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> delayed flowering and suppressed <em>AtFT</em> expression, indicating a conserved role in age-related developmental regulation. These results demonstrate that successive grafting onto juvenile root-cutting rootstocks is an effective strategy for inducing rejuvenation in mature black locust and identify <em>RpMYC2</em> as a key regulator linking jasmonate signaling to developmental phase reversal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122821"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122832
Simeng Guo , Fengqi Wu , Lu Feng , Yaping Lei , Shiwu Xiong , Yahui Jiao , Xiaoyu Zhi , Beifang Yang , Yingchun Han , Yabing Li
Coordinating the efficient use of multiple natural resources is critical for ensuring sustainable crop production, particularly under increasingly variable climate conditions. The light interception rate (LIR) and soil water consumption (SWC) are fundamental to increasing cotton productivity, yet studies on their coupled dynamics across the soil–canopy continuum remain scarce. We established a spatial-grid, multisensor network that can be used to continuously monitor the LIR and SWC along with full soil-canopy profiles (-110–110 cm) in a staggered‑sowing cotton experiment in China. Geostatistics and nonlinear models were employed to quantify the spatiotemporal changes in LIR and SWC and their links to biomass and yield. Sowing date substantially affected SWC patterns, which exhibited clear seasonal and vertical stratification characteristics. Compared with the early-sown treatments, the late-sown treatments consistently demonstrated lower consumption of shallow water (10–40 cm) but higher consumption of deep water (70–110 cm). Early sowing advanced the upper-canopy LIR peaks by 10–12 days, whereas late sowing sustained high interception (>90 %) for a longer period during peak flowering. SWC at each position along the soil profile was significantly positively correlated with the canopy LIR, highlighting the spatial coordination between above- and belowground resource capture. In normal years, the SWC at shallow positions was positively correlated with seed cotton yield, with correlations turning negative below 40 cm and being greatest at 90 cm in cotton rows, indicating an optimal zone (10–40 cm) for water extraction that supports productivity. However, this relationship may be disturbed by extreme weather. This study revealed critical spatiotemporal interactions across the soil profile and crop canopy, offering a new technical paradigm for spatiotemporally coupled soil–crop monitoring and providing a functional basis for optimizing cotton production in data-driven agricultural systems to guide precision management, yield optimization, and climate-adaptive decision-making in future smart agriculture.
{"title":"Spatiotemporal soil canopy full-profile sensing reveals light–water–yield coupling in cotton, facilitating precise resource management in staggered-sowing fields","authors":"Simeng Guo , Fengqi Wu , Lu Feng , Yaping Lei , Shiwu Xiong , Yahui Jiao , Xiaoyu Zhi , Beifang Yang , Yingchun Han , Yabing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coordinating the efficient use of multiple natural resources is critical for ensuring sustainable crop production, particularly under increasingly variable climate conditions. The light interception rate (LIR) and soil water consumption (SWC) are fundamental to increasing cotton productivity, yet studies on their coupled dynamics across the soil–canopy continuum remain scarce. We established a spatial-grid, multisensor network that can be used to continuously monitor the LIR and SWC along with full soil-canopy profiles (-110–110 cm) in a staggered‑sowing cotton experiment in China. Geostatistics and nonlinear models were employed to quantify the spatiotemporal changes in LIR and SWC and their links to biomass and yield. Sowing date substantially affected SWC patterns, which exhibited clear seasonal and vertical stratification characteristics. Compared with the early-sown treatments, the late-sown treatments consistently demonstrated lower consumption of shallow water (10–40 cm) but higher consumption of deep water (70–110 cm). Early sowing advanced the upper-canopy LIR peaks by 10–12 days, whereas late sowing sustained high interception (>90 %) for a longer period during peak flowering. SWC at each position along the soil profile was significantly positively correlated with the canopy LIR, highlighting the spatial coordination between above- and belowground resource capture. In normal years, the SWC at shallow positions was positively correlated with seed cotton yield, with correlations turning negative below 40 cm and being greatest at 90 cm in cotton rows, indicating an optimal zone (10–40 cm) for water extraction that supports productivity. However, this relationship may be disturbed by extreme weather. This study revealed critical spatiotemporal interactions across the soil profile and crop canopy, offering a new technical paradigm for spatiotemporally coupled soil–crop monitoring and providing a functional basis for optimizing cotton production in data-driven agricultural systems to guide precision management, yield optimization, and climate-adaptive decision-making in future smart agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122832"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122822
Alexandre Rubira, Pablo G. del Río, Meirielly Jesus, Beatriz Gullón, Aloia Romaní
Vine shoots (VS) are one of the main residues generated by winemaking, usually disposed of by open-field burning, which contributes to environmental pollution. Owing to their high content of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, these residues represent a valuable feedstock for the bio-based products production. This study assessed environmentally friendly pretreatment strategies based on deep eutectic solvents (DES) and water to enable the valorization of vine shoots within a biorefinery framework. Two processing routes were compared: direct DES delignification and a sequential configuration combining autohydrolysis followed by DES delignification. The eutectic mixture of choline chloride and formic acid (ChCl:FA) at 130 °C for 60 min was identified as the most suitable condition for full valorization of vine shoots. Direct DES delignification yielded a delignified VS with low lignin content (5.41 kg of lignin per100 kg VS) and glucan recovery yield of 68 %. In contrast, the sequential strategy enabled the recovery of a hemicelluloses-rich aqueous stream containing 43.8 g/L of oligosaccharides. Although glucan retention in the solid was slightly lower, 25 % of glucan was additionally recovered as glucooligosaccharides and 55 % of lignin was removed. Overall, the combined autohydrolysis-DES approach proved to be more suitable for an integrated biorefinery, allowing milder conditions, ∼50 % delignification efficiency, and multiproduct recovery including cellulose-rich solids, hemicellulosic oligosaccharides, and high-purity lignin.
{"title":"Strategies for vine shoots valorization using hydrothermal treatment and delignification using deep eutectic solvents within a biorefinery scheme","authors":"Alexandre Rubira, Pablo G. del Río, Meirielly Jesus, Beatriz Gullón, Aloia Romaní","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122822","url":null,"abstract":"Vine shoots (VS) are one of the main residues generated by winemaking, usually disposed of by open-field burning, which contributes to environmental pollution. Owing to their high content of lignin, cellulose and hemicelluloses, these residues represent a valuable feedstock for the bio-based products production. This study assessed environmentally friendly pretreatment strategies based on deep eutectic solvents (DES) and water to enable the valorization of vine shoots within a biorefinery framework. Two processing routes were compared: direct DES delignification and a sequential configuration combining autohydrolysis followed by DES delignification. The eutectic mixture of choline chloride and formic acid (ChCl:FA) at 130 °C for 60 min was identified as the most suitable condition for full valorization of vine shoots. Direct DES delignification yielded a delignified VS with low lignin content (5.41 kg of lignin per100 kg VS) and glucan recovery yield of 68 %. In contrast, the sequential strategy enabled the recovery of a hemicelluloses-rich aqueous stream containing 43.8 g/L of oligosaccharides. Although glucan retention in the solid was slightly lower, 25 % of glucan was additionally recovered as glucooligosaccharides and 55 % of lignin was removed. Overall, the combined autohydrolysis-DES approach proved to be more suitable for an integrated biorefinery, allowing milder conditions, ∼50 % delignification efficiency, and multiproduct recovery including cellulose-rich solids, hemicellulosic oligosaccharides, and high-purity lignin.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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