Industrial Crops and Products最新文献

{"title":"A modified seed coating agent enhanced cotton seedlings competitiveness via differential stomatal regulation and auxin-mediated leaf expansion","authors":"Jianxin Zhao ,&nbsp;Liwen Lu ,&nbsp;Saierdaer Reyimu ,&nbsp;Shen Qiu ,&nbsp;Xiaofen Yao ,&nbsp;Dandan Chen ,&nbsp;Wajid Mahboob ,&nbsp;Jie Peng ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Xie ,&nbsp;Zhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Guozheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For direct-seeded cotton production following wheat or rapeseed harvested in the Yangtze River Basin, competition of space and nutrients from regenerated seedlings of previous crops (they are weeds actually here) hinders cotton seedlings’growth. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms of potential removal of the constrain by modifying a commercialized seed coating agent with different exogenous substances (potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDP), glucose (Glc), and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6)). Treatments included a water control (CK), a basic seed coating agent (BSC), and BSC supplemented with graded levels of PDP (1–8 g L⁻¹), Glc (1.6–6.4 g L⁻¹), or DA-6 (5–320 mg L⁻¹). Effects on seed emergence, seedling growth, photosynthetic traits, and leaf anatomy were assessed through indoor, pot, and field experiments. Results indicated that 4 g L⁻¹ PDP (PDP3) and 1.6 g L⁻¹ Glc (Glc1) were more effective than other treatments, though no synergistic effects occurred when combined. PDP3 markedly improved seed emergence (93.33 %) and enhanced seedling leaf area, height, and biomass. It maintained auxin homeostasis by suppressing IAA oxidase (IAAO) activity, promoted upper epidermal cell expansion, and differentially regulated stomatal distribution, significantly increasing stomatal density on the upper epidermis by 37.0 % while decreasing it on the lower epidermis. PDP3 also elevated pigment content, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity, and net photosynthetic rate (13.70 % higher than CK), resulting in greater accumulation of soluble sugars and sucrose. Field trials further showed that PDP3-treated cotton sustained larger leaf area and higher photosynthetic efficiency in later stages, increasing seed cotton and fiber yields by 18.00 % and 24.00 %, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the modified coating agent, especially PDP3, promotes vigorous seedling establishment by orchestrating a coordinated physiological program involving auxin homeostasis, optimized stomatal anatomy, and enhanced photosynthetic capacity, thereby providing a novel strategy to overcome the early competition bottleneck in direct-seeded cotton systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the potential oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) leaf in wound care management: A review on phytochemicals, bioactivities and underlying mechanism pathways in wound healing","authors":"Mohamad Shazeli Che Zain","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wound care management is a significant challenge in clinical practice, prompting the exploration of novel and effective treatments. The oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em> Jacq.), primarily cultivated for its oil, shows promising potential beyond its traditional uses. This review explores the phytochemicals present in oil palm leaves, extraction technologies, their biological activities, and underlying mechanism pathways in wound healing. Through an extensive review of current literature, key compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acid glycosides, organic acids, amine and amino acids, and carbohydrates are identified. Numerous studies have reported that catechin, apigenin and luteolin derivatives possess wound-healing properties due to their well-acclaimed anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and antioxidant effects. They have been forecast to influence the wound healing process by expressing biomarkers associated with various pathways, including nuclear factor kappa b (NF-κB), Wnt/β-catenin, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), NF-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element (Nrf2/ARE) pathways, among others. Importantly, nanotechnology-based formulations such as nanoemulsions and nanogels have demonstrated enhanced targeted delivery of these bioactive extracts, improving their solubility, stability, bioavailability, and site-specific accumulation at the wound bed. The incorporation of nanotechnology in wound care product development thus represents a promising strategy to maximize the therapeutic potential of oil palm leaf phytochemicals. These advancements support the development of precise, next-generation herbal wound care therapies that are both effective and safe. Opportunity and challenges to maximize the exploitation of this leaf are also highlighted at the end of this review.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122863"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tiered valorization of corn straw-deer manure waste: Enhanced button mushroom quality coupled with functional characterization of stage-specific substrate for targeted industrial use","authors":"Keqing Qian, Peng Dong, Arman Alim, Wenying Su, Weijian Li, Ze Liu, You Li, Zhengxiang Qi, Haiyan Lv, Xiaohui Yuan, Yu Li, Xiao Li, Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122878","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of cytochrome P450 genes discovers two oxidases responsible for the biosynthesis of oxindole alkaloids in Uncaria rhynchophylla","authors":"Hao-cheng Lou ,&nbsp;Jia-shun Yang ,&nbsp;Hong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-jun Pan ,&nbsp;Jia-ning Pan ,&nbsp;Shi-zan Cao ,&nbsp;Li-shang Dai ,&nbsp;Zhi-gang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Uncaria rhynchophylla</em> (Gou-teng, UR) produces numerous structurally diverse tetracyclic monoterpene oxindole-type alkaloids (tMOAs) with notable pharmacological activities. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) play crucial roles in generating the structural diversity of specialized metabolites. However, the CYP superfamily and its biochemical function in tMOAs biosynthesis in UR remains poorly characterized, largely due to the complexity of P450 genes. In this study, a total of 460 <em>UrCYP</em> genes were identified in the UR genome and clustered into nine clans and 43 families by a comprehensive genome-wide analysis. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, conserved motifs, and duplication events driving the expansion of these <em>UrCYPs</em> were revealed, respectively. Using gene coexpression analysis and yeast functional assays, two tandemly duplicated CYP71 members were discovered to catalyze the regio-specific C-2’ oxindole and rearrangement of tetracyclic corynanthe-type intermediates (hirsutine, hirsuteine) to form tMOAs, including rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, and isocorynoxeine. Meanwhile, overexpression and RNA interference of <em>UrCYP71A22.4</em> and <em>UrCYP71A22.5</em> substantially increased and decreased the accumulation of these oxindole alkaloids in hairy roots, respectively. Subcellular localization revealed that UrCYP71A22.4/5-eGFP fusion proteins localize to endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Docking analysis identified four conserved candidate residues (S134/130, D319/318, R447/459, P450/462) surrounding UrCYP71A22.4/5 binding pockets that likely serve as key active sites for 2-oxindole structure formation. Together, this study not only provides critical insights into the previously unknown biosynthesis of tMOAs in UR but also offers a potential strategy for the sustainable production of these pharmaceutically valuable alkaloids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 122877"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astragalus polysaccharides modulate gut microbial interaction and bile acid metabolism of postpartum dairy cows","authors":"Zhengzhong Luo ,&nbsp;Kang Yong ,&nbsp;Kang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yixin Huang ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Xueping Yao ,&nbsp;Liuhong Shen ,&nbsp;Shumin Yu ,&nbsp;Jianxi Li ,&nbsp;Suizhong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gut microbiota is a symbiotic ecosystem, yet how polysaccharides regulate gut microbial interactions and the related host co-metabolism in dairy cows, particularly regarding bile acids, remain unclear. In postpartum cows, <em>Astragalus</em> polysaccharides (APS) supplementation reduced key biomarkers of metabolic stress, including β-hydroxybutyrate, triglycerides, interferon-γ, and TNF-α. Although fecal microbial diversity did not show significant changes, APS markedly altered interactions within the gut microbiota, improving cohesion and stability of co-occurrence network, such as a higher clustering coefficient, greater core modularization, and enhanced robustness, with reduced average path length and vulnerability. APS elevated bile acids such as tauroursodeoxycholic acid, independent of changes in related taxa abundance. Moreover, microbial functional gene networks exhibited strong correlations with bile acid metabolism after APS treatment. These findings demonstrate that APS enhances microbial network stability and bile acid–related host co-metabolism, alleviating postpartum metabolic stress in dairy cows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 122861"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146147646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omics integration uncovers terpenoid-centered plant-microbe interactions underpinning the adaptive resilience of Thuja sutchuenensis","authors":"You-wei Zuo ,&nbsp;Yang Peng ,&nbsp;Sheng-mao Zhou ,&nbsp;Shi-qi You ,&nbsp;Yan-ru Chen ,&nbsp;Sheng-qiao Liu ,&nbsp;Quan Yang ,&nbsp;Ling-xiang Yang ,&nbsp;Hong-ping Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the interaction among metabolites, microbes, and gene regulation is crucial for deciphering plant adaptation in extreme habitats<em>.</em> Here, we integrated metabolomic, metagenomic, and transcriptomic analyses to investigate the terpenoid-centered plant-microbe interactions of the endangered conifer <em>Thuja sutchuenensis</em> across natural, restored, and cultivated populations<em>.</em> LC-MS/MS profiling revealed that natural populations accumulate higher levels of terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolic derivatives<em>.</em> Metagenomic analysis showed that Actinobacteria- and Bradyrhizobium-dominated microbial communities were functionally enriched in terpenoid-backbone, monoterpenoid, and xenobiotic-degradation pathways, indicating strong microbial specialization within the limestone rhizosphere<em>.</em> Transcriptomic profiling of roots showed coordinated alterations of key pathway genes (<em>HMGR</em>, <em>DXS</em>, <em>SQE1</em>, <em>SS1</em>, and <em>VTE4</em>)<em>.</em> These transcriptional changes were accompanied by the expression of downstream oxidoreductases and cytochrome P450s, supporting terpenoid diversification and antioxidant capacity<em>.</em> Cross-omics correlation networks revealed strong associations among terpenoid-related genes, metabolites, and Actinobacteria taxa, highlighting a metabolic feedback loop that links microbial symbiosis with host secondary metabolism<em>.</em> Integrative analyses further suggested that wild populations maintain a more complex and functionally interconnected host-microbe system than cultivated ones<em>.</em> Collectively, these findings uncover a finely tuned plant-microbe-metabolite regulatory network that underpins the adaptive plasticity of <em>T. sutchuenensis</em> and provide a molecular framework for microbiome-assisted conservation, restoration, and sustainable management of this relict conifer species<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122873"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-genome resequencing reveals the genetic diversity and adaptive evolution of northern Chinese populations of Quercus mongolica","authors":"Min Jiang, Xinman Li, Shuiqing Yu, Junjie Ren, Wei Liu, Yuhan Sun, Zijie Zhang, Jinmao Wang, Minsheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122880","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146152923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the repulsive linkage between fiber strength and yield in a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) MAGIC population suggests dampening starvation responses can increase yield","authors":"Gregory N. Thyssen ,&nbsp;David D. Fang ,&nbsp;Linghe Zeng ,&nbsp;B. Todd Campbell ,&nbsp;Don C. Jones ,&nbsp;Jack C. McCarty ,&nbsp;Johnie N. Jenkins","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High yield is one of the most desirable traits in crops. A negative correlation between yield and other desirable traits in crops may be due to either pleiotropy or repulsive linkage. Multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations create opportunities for novel combinations of alleles of genes from several parents to exist in one recombinant inbred line. Here, we describe the breaking of the repulsive linkage between yield (YLD) and cotton fiber strength (STR) at Chr. Ghi_A07:90 Mb in a <em>Gossypium hirsutum</em> L. MAGIC population. The loss of a PHL3-like gene (Ghi_A07G11906) may dampen the phosphate (Pi) starvation response, and attenuate a reallocation of resources to root growth at the expense of vegetative and reproductive growth, and thus a reduction in yield. Targeted mutagenesis of transcription factors that modulate abiotic stress responses may be a generalizable strategy for yield improvement in farmed crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122857"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual gene engineering of SsdTPS and SsSCS boosted secondary metabolites synthesis and drought tolerance via activation of metabolic and stress signaling pathways","authors":"Xiangyu Yao ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Liu ,&nbsp;Can Huang ,&nbsp;Jianing Li ,&nbsp;Jiawei Mo ,&nbsp;Yu Gao ,&nbsp;Fenggui Fan ,&nbsp;Yingjuan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the face of escalating global climate change and water scarcity, deciphering and improving crop drought tolerance mechanisms has become a pivotal research focus in both agricultural and horticultural fields. The response and regulation of metabolite synthesis pathways in plants under stress play a crucial role in establishing stress tolerance mechanisms. <em>Salvia sclarea</em>, an aromatic crop that integrates both economic value and medicinal characteristics, has garnered significant attention in the horticultural and agricultural sectors due to its secondary metabolite, sclareol, which exhibits medicinal properties and aromatic traits. However, the potential effects of its synthetic pathways on the regulatory mechanism under water deficiency and the role of endogenous sclareol in drought stress tolerance remain elucidation. Our findings showed that drought stress triggered the up-regulation of gene <em>SsSCS</em> in the sclareol synthesis pathway. Ectopic co-overexpression of the two sclareol synthesis genes (<em>SsdTPS</em>, <em>SsSCS</em>) in transgenic <em>N. benthamiana</em> positively modulated the response and regulation to drought stress by up-regulating gene expression in the MEP pathway and ABA signaling pathway, and promoted the accumulation of sclareol and ABA within the plants. Meanwhile, the co-overexpression enhanced the expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway and the response of the ROS scavenging system in transgenic plants, increased the lignin content in the plants, and reduced oxidative stress damage. These conferred the plants with an enhanced drought resistance phenotype, and increased the content of secondary metabolites. The findings provide theoretical support for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of drought stress in <em>Salvia sclarea</em>, advance functional studies of medicinal plant resources, and offer a novel perspective for breeding innovations aimed at improving drought tolerant crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122810"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controllable fabrication of chitosan-lignocellulose aerogels derived from agricultural waste and their enhanced mechanism in oil-water separation","authors":"Zhengxin Miao, Jiawei Wu, Quan Wang, Lei Yu, Rongping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122879","url":null,"abstract":"As oil pollution continues to pose serious environmental threats, the development of efficient and eco-friendly materials for its remediation has become increasingly important. In this study, six types of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used to treat corn stalks, yielding cellulose-rich materials that were subsequently combined with chitosan to fabricate aerogels designed for oil–water separation. The resulting aerogels exhibited high oil–water separation efficiency, achieving over 95 % in the initial cycle and retaining efficiencies above 90 % after at least five reuse cycles. They also exhibited excellent mechanical strength, demonstrating 95 % height recovery after 50 compression cycles at 50 % strain, along with stable stress–strain behavior. Furthermore, the aerogels were amphiphilic in air (contact angle &lt; 90°) and superoleophobic underwater (contact angle &gt; 150°), making them highly suitable for efficient oil–water separation. This study is the first to utilize DES-treated cellulose-rich biomass for the fabrication of aerogels. The DES treatment facilitated precise control over the surface properties of the materials. Moreover, the small amount of lignin retained within the biomass contributed to reinforcing the aerogel network, thereby enhancing its mechanical stability. Compared to conventional approaches, this method not only provides an effective solution for mitigating oil pollution but also adds value to agricultural waste. The resulting aerogels surpass many recently reported cellulose-based aerogels in terms of separation efficiency, recyclability, and environmental safety, presenting a promising green technology for water treatment and pollution control.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}