Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120835
Xinyu Zhang , Zhenyu Sun , Ping Li , Yuan Zhang , Yiqiang Wu , Yingfeng Zuo
To meet the growing demand for solid wood products and efficiently utilize artificial forest resources while protecting natural forests, this study addresses the issues of low density, poor dimensional stability, and inferior water resistance and durability in fast-growing Chinese fir wood. The study uses non-toxic sodium silicate (SS), formaldehyde-free waterborne epoxy resin (WEP), and polyamide-amine dendritic macromolecules (PAMAM) as impregnation agents to prepare composite-modified wood. The findings show that the WEP+PAMAM impregnation system reduces the hydroxyl content in the wood, promotes the formation of Si-O-Si structures, and creates a dual-network interconnected structure. Through Si-O-C connections, the epoxy-amine network created by WEP and PAMAM is connected to the polysilicate network created by SS in the wood. The wood treated with SS/(WEP+PAMAM) composite has much better mechanical and water-resistant qualities. When compared to untreated wood, the hardness, longitudinal compressive strength, and bending strength all improve by 114.92 %, 98.05 %, and 91.96 %, respectively. When compared to SS treated wood, the anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) increases by 95.87 % after 14 days, while the leaching ratio (WLR) and water absorption rate (WAR) fall by 37.52 % and 14.67 %, respectively. This modification process offers a novel way to use fast-growing Chinese fir wood as a high-performance wood material by resolving the problems of chemical loss and poor dimensional stability in SS-modified wood.
{"title":"The PAMAM/epoxy resin/sodium silicate constructed dual-network interconnected topological structure enhances the performance of Chinese fir wood","authors":"Xinyu Zhang , Zhenyu Sun , Ping Li , Yuan Zhang , Yiqiang Wu , Yingfeng Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To meet the growing demand for solid wood products and efficiently utilize artificial forest resources while protecting natural forests, this study addresses the issues of low density, poor dimensional stability, and inferior water resistance and durability in fast-growing Chinese fir wood. The study uses non-toxic sodium silicate (SS), formaldehyde-free waterborne epoxy resin (WEP), and polyamide-amine dendritic macromolecules (PAMAM) as impregnation agents to prepare composite-modified wood. The findings show that the WEP+PAMAM impregnation system reduces the hydroxyl content in the wood, promotes the formation of Si-O-Si structures, and creates a dual-network interconnected structure. Through Si-O-C connections, the epoxy-amine network created by WEP and PAMAM is connected to the polysilicate network created by SS in the wood. The wood treated with SS/(WEP+PAMAM) composite has much better mechanical and water-resistant qualities. When compared to untreated wood, the hardness, longitudinal compressive strength, and bending strength all improve by 114.92 %, 98.05 %, and 91.96 %, respectively. When compared to SS treated wood, the anti-swelling efficiency (ASE) increases by 95.87 % after 14 days, while the leaching ratio (WLR) and water absorption rate (WAR) fall by 37.52 % and 14.67 %, respectively. This modification process offers a novel way to use fast-growing Chinese fir wood as a high-performance wood material by resolving the problems of chemical loss and poor dimensional stability in SS-modified wood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120835"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120807
Shaomin Zhou , Xi Zhang , Lulu Zhan , Xianliang Song , Rui Li , Yulong Wu
Furfural (FF) is an important platform chemical that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass rich in xylan. However, the traditional one-step FF production process produces a large amount of residue rich in sulfuric acid, approximately 15 tons per ton of FF. In this study, a carbon-based solid acid catalyst ZnCS-2 was developed for the two-step catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to FF. Furfural yields of up to 72.4 % were obtained at 180 °C for 60 min with 10 wt% catalyst ZnCS-2 catalyst. Using this catalytic system, a conceptual process for a two-step FF production system (TSF) was established. With the aim of performing a quantitative comparison with traditional production, a one-step FF production process (OSF) simulation alongside a lifecycle analysis was performed. Comparing the two-step method with the traditional one-step method, the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods and the direction of improvement can be systematically analyzed. The results demonstrated that the TSF process, which employs the ZnCS-2 catalyst and a biphasic solvent system of MIBK/NaCl, achieved a higher furfural yield. Specifically, the final yield of the TSF process exceeded that of the OSF process by 49.9 %. For every ton of furfural produced, the TSF process resulted in reductions of 0.07 kg SO2 eq, 186.15 kg CO2 eq, 1 × 10−5 kg CFC-11 eq, and 66.13 kg 1,4-DB-eq in emissions compared with OSF. Owing to the higher yield and sulfur-free corncob residue, the profitability of TSF process was found to be 6.75 times greater than that of the OSF process.
{"title":"Future development for furfural production: Comparison of one-step and two-step strategies and life cycle assessment","authors":"Shaomin Zhou , Xi Zhang , Lulu Zhan , Xianliang Song , Rui Li , Yulong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Furfural (FF) is an important platform chemical that can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass rich in xylan. However, the traditional one-step FF production process produces a large amount of residue rich in sulfuric acid, approximately 15 tons per ton of FF. In this study, a carbon-based solid acid catalyst ZnCS-2 was developed for the two-step catalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to FF. Furfural yields of up to 72.4 % were obtained at 180 °C for 60 min with 10 wt% catalyst ZnCS-2 catalyst. Using this catalytic system, a conceptual process for a two-step FF production system (TSF) was established. With the aim of performing a quantitative comparison with traditional production, a one-step FF production process (OSF) simulation alongside a lifecycle analysis was performed. Comparing the two-step method with the traditional one-step method, the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods and the direction of improvement can be systematically analyzed. The results demonstrated that the TSF process, which employs the ZnCS-2 catalyst and a biphasic solvent system of MIBK/NaCl, achieved a higher furfural yield. Specifically, the final yield of the TSF process exceeded that of the OSF process by 49.9 %. For every ton of furfural produced, the TSF process resulted in reductions of 0.07 kg SO<sub>2</sub> eq, 186.15 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq, 1 × 10<sup>−5</sup> kg CFC-11 eq, and 66.13 kg 1,4-DB-eq in emissions compared with OSF. Owing to the higher yield and sulfur-free corncob residue, the profitability of TSF process was found to be 6.75 times greater than that of the OSF process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120807"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120831
Liv S. Severino , Fábio P. Silva , Maria E.C. Esquibel , Andressa S. Rocha
Castor meal is the main by-product from the industrial process of castor oil extraction. It is a nitrogen-rich material with anti-nematode effect, which has been predominantly used as organic fertilizer. Castor meal was dry fractionated by sieving and air classification, and nutritional and physicochemical properties were measured in each fraction. Near Infrared Spectroscopy was tested for accuracy to estimate the nutritional composition of the fractions. Sieving and air classification promoted significant separation of the inputs that compose castor meal. The coarsest fraction (particles > 2.0 mm) was predominantly composed of fruit husk fragments, and it had low crude protein, (16.5–24.7 %), high acid detergent fiber content - ADF (40.3–46.5 %), and high potassium content (13.8–14.2 g/kg). The finest fractions (particles < 0.5 mm) were predominantly composed of seed kernel fragments, and they had high protein content (39.6–49.6 %), low ADF (12.8–25.7 %), and high phosphorus content (14.7–20.2 g/kg). The highest ADF (59.2 %) was found in the fraction predominantly composed of seed coat fragments (light particles, 1.4–2.0 mm). The lowest water holding capacity was found in the fractions with predominance of seed coat fragments, and the highest in the fractions composed of fruit husks or seed kernel. Clay is an input employed in the industrial process that goes into castor meal and influences its composition, especially the ashes content. Near Infrared Spectroscopy was very accurate to estimate the content of protein, lignin, and fibers in the dry fractions of castor meal.
{"title":"Dry fractionation of solvent-extracted castor meal","authors":"Liv S. Severino , Fábio P. Silva , Maria E.C. Esquibel , Andressa S. Rocha","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120831","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120831","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Castor meal is the main by-product from the industrial process of castor oil extraction. It is a nitrogen-rich material with anti-nematode effect, which has been predominantly used as organic fertilizer. Castor meal was dry fractionated by sieving and air classification, and nutritional and physicochemical properties were measured in each fraction. Near Infrared Spectroscopy was tested for accuracy to estimate the nutritional composition of the fractions. Sieving and air classification promoted significant separation of the inputs that compose castor meal. The coarsest fraction (particles > 2.0 mm) was predominantly composed of fruit husk fragments, and it had low crude protein, (16.5–24.7 %), high acid detergent fiber content - ADF (40.3–46.5 %), and high potassium content (13.8–14.2 g/kg). The finest fractions (particles < 0.5 mm) were predominantly composed of seed kernel fragments, and they had high protein content (39.6–49.6 %), low ADF (12.8–25.7 %), and high phosphorus content (14.7–20.2 g/kg). The highest ADF (59.2 %) was found in the fraction predominantly composed of seed coat fragments (light particles, 1.4–2.0 mm). The lowest water holding capacity was found in the fractions with predominance of seed coat fragments, and the highest in the fractions composed of fruit husks or seed kernel. Clay is an input employed in the industrial process that goes into castor meal and influences its composition, especially the ashes content. Near Infrared Spectroscopy was very accurate to estimate the content of protein, lignin, and fibers in the dry fractions of castor meal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120831"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-14DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120812
M. Srinivasarao , Ch. Srinivasarao , A. Swarna Kumari , Bikkavolu Joga Rao , Pullagura Gandhi , Seepana PraveenKumar , Olusegun D. Samuel , Ahmad Mustafa , Christopher C. Enweremadu , Noureddine Elboughdiri
Even though higher alcohols (HAs) and nanoparticles have the tendency to enhance engine behaviours (EBs), namely performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics, and ensure a greener environment, the absence of a reliable model to predict and model the appropriate HA dosage to blend with nanoparticles in green diesel (GD) has affected the biodiesel and automotive industries. For the first time, a study adopted a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) to investigate the influence of propanol-2 as one of the HAs, zinc oxide (ZnO) as one of the nanoparticles, and Calophyllum biodiesel (CB) as GD on EBs. The study focused on the effect of adding propanol-2 and ZnO fuel enhancers on the engine features and performance, combustion, and emissions of a CB blend (CB20) in an internal combustion (IC) engine. The results showed improved engine performance, with brake thermal efficiency increasing by 0.06 %, 1.71 %, and 3.91 %, and specific fuel consumption reduced by 5.83 %, 7.4 %, and 11.53 %, respectively, compared to CB20 fuel. The highest cylinder pressure of 70.84 bar was observed at the 120 ppm nano additive blend, while the highest heat release rate (HRR) of 36.65 J/℃A was observed at the same concentration of nano additives. Furthermore, the inclusion of ZnO nano condiments caused a decrease in carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke emissions by 38.7 %, 14.9 %, 4.8 %, and 2.48 %, respectively, at higher dosages of nano additives in the CB20 blend. A computational model based on a GRNN was constructed for further analysis of engine efficiency and emissions behaviour. The GRNN model accurately predicted output variables for various blends, with correlation coefficient (R) values varying from 0.98284 to 0.99959, with lesser RMSE and MAPE values within acceptable boundaries. The highest cylinder pressure of 70.84 bar was observed at the 120 ppm nano additive blend, while the highest heat release rate (HRR) of 36.65 J/℃A was observed at the same concentration of nano additives. Furthermore, the inclusion of ZnO nano condiments caused a decrease in carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke emissions by 38.7 %, 14.9 %, 4.8 %, and 2.48 %, respectively, at higher dosages of nano additives in the CB20 blend. A computational model based on a GRNN was constructed for further analysis of engine efficiency and emissions behaviour. The GRNN model accurately predicted output variables for various blends, with correlation coefficient (R) values varying from 0.98284 to 0.99959, with lesser RMSE and MAPE values within acceptable boundaries. The results also showed that the GRNN models are advantageous for network simplicity and require less data, making them reliable tools for predicting and modelling EP of the latest fuel for researchers and stakeholders in the automotive industry.
{"title":"Combustion enhancement and emission reduction in an IC engine by adopting ZnO nanoparticles with calophyllum biodiesel/diesel/propanol blend: A case study of General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) modelling","authors":"M. Srinivasarao , Ch. Srinivasarao , A. Swarna Kumari , Bikkavolu Joga Rao , Pullagura Gandhi , Seepana PraveenKumar , Olusegun D. Samuel , Ahmad Mustafa , Christopher C. Enweremadu , Noureddine Elboughdiri","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Even though higher alcohols (HAs) and nanoparticles have the tendency to enhance engine behaviours (EBs), namely performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics, and ensure a greener environment, the absence of a reliable model to predict and model the appropriate HA dosage to blend with nanoparticles in green diesel (GD) has affected the biodiesel and automotive industries. For the first time, a study adopted a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) to investigate the influence of propanol-2 as one of the HAs, zinc oxide (ZnO) as one of the nanoparticles, and Calophyllum biodiesel (CB) as GD on EBs. The study focused on the effect of adding propanol-2 and ZnO fuel enhancers on the engine features and performance, combustion, and emissions of a CB blend (CB20) in an internal combustion (IC) engine. The results showed improved engine performance, with brake thermal efficiency increasing by 0.06 %, 1.71 %, and 3.91 %, and specific fuel consumption reduced by 5.83 %, 7.4 %, and 11.53 %, respectively, compared to CB20 fuel. The highest cylinder pressure of 70.84 bar was observed at the 120 ppm nano additive blend, while the highest heat release rate (HRR) of 36.65 J/℃A was observed at the same concentration of nano additives. Furthermore, the inclusion of ZnO nano condiments caused a decrease in carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke emissions by 38.7 %, 14.9 %, 4.8 %, and 2.48 %, respectively, at higher dosages of nano additives in the CB20 blend. A computational model based on a GRNN was constructed for further analysis of engine efficiency and emissions behaviour. The GRNN model accurately predicted output variables for various blends, with correlation coefficient (R) values varying from 0.98284 to 0.99959, with lesser RMSE and MAPE values within acceptable boundaries. The highest cylinder pressure of 70.84 bar was observed at the 120 ppm nano additive blend, while the highest heat release rate (HRR) of 36.65 J/℃A was observed at the same concentration of nano additives. Furthermore, the inclusion of ZnO nano condiments caused a decrease in carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke emissions by 38.7 %, 14.9 %, 4.8 %, and 2.48 %, respectively, at higher dosages of nano additives in the CB20 blend. A computational model based on a GRNN was constructed for further analysis of engine efficiency and emissions behaviour. The GRNN model accurately predicted output variables for various blends, with correlation coefficient (R) values varying from 0.98284 to 0.99959, with lesser RMSE and MAPE values within acceptable boundaries. The results also showed that the GRNN models are advantageous for network simplicity and require less data, making them reliable tools for predicting and modelling EP of the latest fuel for researchers and stakeholders in the automotive industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120812"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143618569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120760
Lin Ma , Xiaoyu Shi , Jingyi Liu , ShiShuai Gao , Daihui Zhang , Zenghui Cheng , Chenhuan Lai , Yuzhi Xu
The heterogeneity, high molecular weight, and low content of functional groups have limited the high-value utilization of lignin to prepare high-performance resins. To overcome this obstacle, ultrasound-assisted lignin depolymerization was investigated as a gentle, efficient, and inexpensive method to improve the functionality and homogeneity of lignin. The response surface methodology combined with the Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the yield and molecular weight of oligomeric lignin by varying three parameters: sonication time, lignin mass fraction, and solvent ratio. The predicted optimal yield (33 %) and molecular weight (Mn = 700) under optimal conditions (3 h, 14.3 % lignin, and MeOH/H2O = 3:1) were almost the same as those obtained experimentally (Mn = 710), yield of 33.8 %, proving the validity of the model. The depolymerized lignin (DL) was directly substituted for phenol to prepare depolymerized lignin phenol-formaldehyde resins (DLPF). The rheological and adhesive properties of these resins were compared with pure PF resin and lignin phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins. An enhanced bonding strength, but lower curing temperature and formaldehyde emission, were observed. This study presents a cost-effective and efficient method to prepare depolymerized lignin as the precursors of high-performance resins.
{"title":"Optimization of ultrasound-assisted lignin depolymerization using response surface methodology for low-formaldehyde emission wood adhesives","authors":"Lin Ma , Xiaoyu Shi , Jingyi Liu , ShiShuai Gao , Daihui Zhang , Zenghui Cheng , Chenhuan Lai , Yuzhi Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The heterogeneity, high molecular weight, and low content of functional groups have limited the high-value utilization of lignin to prepare high-performance resins. To overcome this obstacle, ultrasound-assisted lignin depolymerization was investigated as a gentle, efficient, and inexpensive method to improve the functionality and homogeneity of lignin. The response surface methodology combined with the Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the yield and molecular weight of oligomeric lignin by varying three parameters: sonication time, lignin mass fraction, and solvent ratio. The predicted optimal yield (33 %) and molecular weight (<em>M</em><sub>n</sub> = 700) under optimal conditions (3 h, 14.3 % lignin, and MeOH/H<sub>2</sub>O = 3:1) were almost the same as those obtained experimentally (<em>M</em><sub>n</sub> = 710), yield of 33.8 %, proving the validity of the model. The depolymerized lignin (DL) was directly substituted for phenol to prepare depolymerized lignin phenol-formaldehyde resins (DLPF). The rheological and adhesive properties of these resins were compared with pure PF resin and lignin phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins. An enhanced bonding strength, but lower curing temperature and formaldehyde emission, were observed. This study presents a cost-effective and efficient method to prepare depolymerized lignin as the precursors of high-performance resins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120760"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120845
Hao Wang , Hong-Fei Ma , Can Jin, Jin-Xin Ma, Xin Li, Lu-Xin Tang, Jing Si
Effective pretreatment strategies are warranted to convert lignocellulose to renewable bioenergy to improve the conversion efficiency of enzymatic saccharification. In this study, we combined hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) with wood-decaying fungal degradation to pretreat Eucalyptus grandis. Chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, cross-polarization/magic angle spinning 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed the higher effectiveness of the brown rot fungus Antrodia bambusicola in removing hemicellulose with the aid of HTP. In contrast, the white rot fungus Trametes orientalis exhibited stronger delignification. Enzymatic saccharification analysis revealed a significant increase in the maximum glucose yields of HTP-pretreated E. grandis coupled with A. bambusicola and T. orientalis degradation from 7.19 % to 72.92 % and 77.63 %, respectively. The maximum glucose yield was further optimized to be 97.41 % through Box-Behnken design in response surface methodology. In conclusion, the combined pretreatment strategy of HTP and wood-decaying fungal degradation demonstrates promising performance in enhancing the enzymatic saccharification of E. grandis, further facilitating the broader implications and potential applications in bioenergy manufacturing.
{"title":"Hydrothermal pretreatment and fungal degradation to facilitate the enzymatic saccharification of Eucalyptus grandis","authors":"Hao Wang , Hong-Fei Ma , Can Jin, Jin-Xin Ma, Xin Li, Lu-Xin Tang, Jing Si","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120845","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120845","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective pretreatment strategies are warranted to convert lignocellulose to renewable bioenergy to improve the conversion efficiency of enzymatic saccharification. In this study, we combined hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) with wood-decaying fungal degradation to pretreat <em>Eucalyptus grandis</em>. Chemical composition analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, cross-polarization/magic angle spinning <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed the higher effectiveness of the brown rot fungus <em>Antrodia bambusicola</em> in removing hemicellulose with the aid of HTP. In contrast, the white rot fungus <em>Trametes orientalis</em> exhibited stronger delignification. Enzymatic saccharification analysis revealed a significant increase in the maximum glucose yields of HTP-pretreated <em>E. grandis</em> coupled with <em>A. bambusicola</em> and <em>T. orientalis</em> degradation from 7.19 % to 72.92 % and 77.63 %, respectively. The maximum glucose yield was further optimized to be 97.41 % through Box-Behnken design in response surface methodology. In conclusion, the combined pretreatment strategy of HTP and wood-decaying fungal degradation demonstrates promising performance in enhancing the enzymatic saccharification of <em>E. grandis</em>, further facilitating the broader implications and potential applications in bioenergy manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120845"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120818
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini, Javad Hamzei
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in medicinal plants and their products due to the importance of herbal medicines in the global market. The chemical composition of D. kotschyi has not been studied in relation to intercropping and nitrogen effects. This study aims to analyze the chemical composition of D. kotschyi essential oil under different intercropping patterns and nitrogen applications. In addition, this research focuses on the effects of legume residues on the chemical composition of essential oil and compares it with nitrogen treatments. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2018 and 2019. The experimental treatments included an additive intercropping of green bean (G:D), common bean (C:D), soybean (S:D), and mung bean (M:D) at 20 % of their optimal density with D. kotschyi. The fertilizer treatments included D. kotschyi sole cropping in combination with different nitrogen applications: 0 (control), 40, 80, and 120 kg N/ha. The main results are: The G:D treatment yielded the highest essential oil. Alpha-pinene and dl-limonene levels increased with higher nitrogen fertilization across all harvests. M:D treatment exhibited peak levels of neral, geranial, and geranyl acetate. Among different legume residues, G:D produced the highest alpha-pinene, while D:N120 had the highest dl-limonene. Geranial and geranyl acetate levels were highest at D:N40 and D:N80, respectively. These results suggest that D. kotschyi can be cultivated by either intercropping with green bean at 20 % of the optimal density or with legume residues or sole-cropping with nitrogen fertilizer. The contribution of this study was to confirm that the chemical compounds of the essential oil of this plant can be improved by cultivation methods and nitrogen management.
{"title":"Intercropping and nitrogen fertilizer enhance essential oil quality in Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss","authors":"Seyyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini, Javad Hamzei","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in medicinal plants and their products due to the importance of herbal medicines in the global market. The chemical composition of <em>D. kotschyi</em> has not been studied in relation to intercropping and nitrogen effects. This study aims to analyze the chemical composition of <em>D. kotschyi</em> essential oil under different intercropping patterns and nitrogen applications. In addition, this research focuses on the effects of legume residues on the chemical composition of essential oil and compares it with nitrogen treatments. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replicates in 2018 and 2019. The experimental treatments included an additive intercropping of green bean (G:D), common bean (C:D), soybean (S:D), and mung bean (M:D) at 20 % of their optimal density with <em>D. kotschyi</em>. The fertilizer treatments included <em>D. kotschyi</em> sole cropping in combination with different nitrogen applications: 0 (control), 40, 80, and 120 kg N/ha. The main results are: The G:D treatment yielded the highest essential oil. Alpha-pinene and dl-limonene levels increased with higher nitrogen fertilization across all harvests. M:D treatment exhibited peak levels of neral, geranial, and geranyl acetate. Among different legume residues, G:D produced the highest alpha-pinene, while D:N120 had the highest dl-limonene. Geranial and geranyl acetate levels were highest at D:N40 and D:N80, respectively. These results suggest that <em>D. kotschyi</em> can be cultivated by either intercropping with green bean at 20 % of the optimal density or with legume residues or sole-cropping with nitrogen fertilizer. The contribution of this study was to confirm that the chemical compounds of the essential oil of this plant can be improved by cultivation methods and nitrogen management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120818"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120804
Rekha Thiruvengadam , Benod Kumar Kondapavuluri , Lakshmi Thangavelu , Muthu Thiruvengadam , Mehrnaz Hatami , Jin Hee Kim
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although pharmacotherapy has shown efficacy, challenges, such as recurrence, resistance, and high mortality rates, persist. In this context, bioactive compounds have emerged as promising agents, owing to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Natural products, such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, luteolin, and quercetin, have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms of action of these bioactive compounds, emphasizing their modulation of critical signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), as well as their influence on epigenetic modifications. To overcome limitations, such as poor bioavailability and stability, nanoparticle-based delivery systems have been developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of bioactive compounds. This review highlights the types of nanoparticles utilized, their advantages, and the mechanisms through which they improve the delivery, stability, and bioactivity of antioxidants. Furthermore, the applications of these bioactive-loaded nanoparticles in managing oxidative stress-related diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders, were critically examined. By integrating insights into bioactive compounds, oxidative stress, and nanotechnology, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on innovative therapeutic approaches for combating chronic diseases.
{"title":"Nanoparticle-based strategies with bioactive compounds for targeting oxidative stress in therapeutic interventions: A comprehensive review","authors":"Rekha Thiruvengadam , Benod Kumar Kondapavuluri , Lakshmi Thangavelu , Muthu Thiruvengadam , Mehrnaz Hatami , Jin Hee Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Although pharmacotherapy has shown efficacy, challenges, such as recurrence, resistance, and high mortality rates, persist. In this context, bioactive compounds have emerged as promising agents, owing to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Natural products, such as curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, luteolin, and quercetin, have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential. This review provides an in-depth exploration of the mechanisms of action of these bioactive compounds, emphasizing their modulation of critical signaling pathways, such as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (P13K), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), as well as their influence on epigenetic modifications. To overcome limitations, such as poor bioavailability and stability, nanoparticle-based delivery systems have been developed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of bioactive compounds. This review highlights the types of nanoparticles utilized, their advantages, and the mechanisms through which they improve the delivery, stability, and bioactivity of antioxidants. Furthermore, the applications of these bioactive-loaded nanoparticles in managing oxidative stress-related diseases, including diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders, were critically examined. By integrating insights into bioactive compounds, oxidative stress, and nanotechnology, this review provides a comprehensive perspective on innovative therapeutic approaches for combating chronic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120783
Man-Hsiu Chu , Ta-Wei Liu , Pei-Hsuan Chen , Yu-Hsin Chen , Kai-Liang Tang , Su-Jung Hsu , Benni Iskandar , Hwa-Wen Yin , Mei-Hsiang Lin , Ching-Kuo Lee
Mentha, a genus in the Lamiaceae family, is widely distributed across the world. Mentha genus is perennial and contains essential oils, making them widely cultivated as an economic crop for essential oil production. However, due to the wide variety of mint species, it is challenging to focus on the specific components and varieties needed for medicinal purposes. In this study, we initially applied essential oils and tween 80 with 96-well activity screening ELISA method for verification. Preliminary results showed that essential oils from certain mint species exhibited promising effects in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, with Mentha spicata showing the strongest inhibition. To rapidly identify the active components within the extracts, in vitro and in silico methods were conducted, including ELISA, enzyme-based GC-MS analysis and molecular docking were conducted to accelerate the discovery of compounds influencing acetylcholinesterase activity. The experimental results identified eucalyptol, α-pinene and limonene as potential active components. This provides a quicker method and clearer targets for future drug development from natural products, offering valuable insights for industrial applications, Alzheimer’s disease treatment and mint cultivation.
{"title":"Investigation of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors of Mentha genus essential oils with in vitro and in silico approaches","authors":"Man-Hsiu Chu , Ta-Wei Liu , Pei-Hsuan Chen , Yu-Hsin Chen , Kai-Liang Tang , Su-Jung Hsu , Benni Iskandar , Hwa-Wen Yin , Mei-Hsiang Lin , Ching-Kuo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mentha</em>, a genus in the <em>Lamiaceae</em> family, is widely distributed across the world. <em>Mentha</em> genus is perennial and contains essential oils, making them widely cultivated as an economic crop for essential oil production. However, due to the wide variety of mint species, it is challenging to focus on the specific components and varieties needed for medicinal purposes. In this study, we initially applied essential oils and tween 80 with 96-well activity screening ELISA method for verification. Preliminary results showed that essential oils from certain mint species exhibited promising effects in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, with <em>Mentha spicata</em> showing the strongest inhibition. To rapidly identify the active components within the extracts, <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in silico</em> methods were conducted, including ELISA, enzyme-based GC-MS analysis and molecular docking were conducted to accelerate the discovery of compounds influencing acetylcholinesterase activity. The experimental results identified eucalyptol, α-pinene and limonene as potential active components. This provides a quicker method and clearer targets for future drug development from natural products, offering valuable insights for industrial applications, Alzheimer’s disease treatment and mint cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120783"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-12DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120801
Lihua Ma, Mengjuan Hou, Xinxia Zhu
Drought severely affects cotton growth and yield. The C2 structural domain ABA-associated (CAR) proteins perform important functions in ABA signaling and abiotic stress. In this work, we detected the expression levels of GhCAR4 in response to natural drought conditions simulated using PEG and exogenous ABA treatments. Y2H and BiFC assays confirmed that GhCAR4 interacts with the calcium-sensing GhCDPK4. In GhCDPK4-silenced plants with significantly reduced GhCDPK4 expression levels, the expression level of GhCAR4 was severely downregulated, and ABA pathway core genes were also severely affected. Heterologous overexpression of GhCAR4 enhances growth potential, drought resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana, and antioxidant enzyme activities. In contrast, virus-induced silencing of GhCAR4 reduced drought tolerance and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in cotton. Seed germination was significantly decreased in ABA-treated GhCAR4 over-expressing plants, while stomatal closure was affected in ABA-treated GhCAR4-silenced plants. All the above results prove that GhCAR4, as an interacting protein of GhCDPK4, plays a positive role in ABA-mediated seed germination, stomatal closure, and drought response.
{"title":"GhCAR4 positively regulates ABA-mediated seed germination, stomatal closure, and drought response as a reciprocal partner of GhCDPK4","authors":"Lihua Ma, Mengjuan Hou, Xinxia Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.120801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought severely affects cotton growth and yield. The C2 structural domain ABA-associated (CAR) proteins perform important functions in ABA signaling and abiotic stress. In this work, we detected the expression levels of <em>GhCAR4</em> in response to natural drought conditions simulated using PEG and exogenous ABA treatments. Y2H and BiFC assays confirmed that GhCAR4 interacts with the calcium-sensing GhCDPK4. In <em>GhCDPK4</em>-silenced plants with significantly reduced <em>GhCDPK4</em> expression levels, the expression level of <em>GhCAR4</em> was severely downregulated, and ABA pathway core genes were also severely affected. Heterologous overexpression of <em>GhCAR4</em> enhances growth potential, drought resistance in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>, and antioxidant enzyme activities. In contrast, virus-induced silencing of <em>GhCAR4</em> reduced drought tolerance and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in cotton. Seed germination was significantly decreased in ABA-treated <em>GhCAR4</em> over-expressing plants, while stomatal closure was affected in ABA-treated <em>GhCAR4</em>-silenced plants. All the above results prove that <em>GhCAR4</em>, as an interacting protein of GhCDPK4, plays a positive role in ABA-mediated seed germination, stomatal closure, and drought response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 120801"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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