Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123058
Yasmin Khan, Aurang Zeb, Xiaofen Bai, Tianchang Huang, Lin Liu, Jin Chu, Xu Sun, Honghong Fan
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua rhizomes are rich in various bioactive compounds with numerous biological activities, and almost 80% of its production in China is consumed as food. The metabolite profiles and regulatory network of alkaloids in four-year-old P. cyrtonema are not currently available. In this study, phytochemical, antioxidant, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses were integrated to investigate the dynamic accumulation and regulatory network in four-year-old rhizomes. To elucidate the spatial distribution and biosynthesis of alkaloids, we employed cutting-edge techniques, including MALDI-MSI (identified 41 alkaloids) and LC-MS/MS (identified 260 alkaloids). These metabolites show distinct localization patterns and a significant increase in the alkaloid content up to a 2.8-fold change, and a rise in radical scavenging activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) with increase in growth and concentration, with a significant positive correlation (P < 0.001), and R² values with a significant proportion of over 92% variability in antioxidant capacity. A comparative analysis confirmed the consistent detection of 10 alkaloids by both methods, underscoring their biological relevance. Additionally, the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling identified key genes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis (PNAE, AOC3/2, tynA, TR1, GOT1/2, and AGXT2). The core biosynthetic gene expression patterns were validated via qRT-PCR and showed reliable consistency in gene expression analysis with FPKM values, which revealed a strong positive relationship, with Pearson’s r value ranging from 0.592 to 0.9865. This study deepens our understanding of alkaloid biosynthesis, spatial distribution, and developmental dynamics in the four-year-old P. cyrtonema rhizome, providing valuable insights for future medicinal quality and groundwork for industrial applications.
{"title":"Integrative analysis of alkaloid biosynthesis and distribution in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua: Using advanced imaging and molecular techniques","authors":"Yasmin Khan, Aurang Zeb, Xiaofen Bai, Tianchang Huang, Lin Liu, Jin Chu, Xu Sun, Honghong Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123058","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Polygonatum cyrtonema</em> Hua rhizomes are rich in various bioactive compounds with numerous biological activities, and almost 80% of its production in China is consumed as food. The metabolite profiles and regulatory network of alkaloids in four-year-old <em>P. cyrtonema</em> are not currently available. In this study, phytochemical, antioxidant, metabolome, and transcriptome analyses were integrated to investigate the dynamic accumulation and regulatory network in four-year-old rhizomes. To elucidate the spatial distribution and biosynthesis of alkaloids, we employed cutting-edge techniques, including MALDI-MSI (identified 41 alkaloids) and LC-MS/MS (identified 260 alkaloids). These metabolites show distinct localization patterns and a significant increase in the alkaloid content up to a 2.8-fold change, and a rise in radical scavenging activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) with increase in growth and concentration, with a significant positive correlation (<em>P</em> < 0.001), and R² values with a significant proportion of over 92% variability in antioxidant capacity. A comparative analysis confirmed the consistent detection of 10 alkaloids by both methods, underscoring their biological relevance. Additionally, the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling identified key genes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis (PNAE, AOC3/2, tynA, TR1, GOT1/2, and AGXT2). The core biosynthetic gene expression patterns were validated <em>via</em> qRT-PCR and showed reliable consistency in gene expression analysis with FPKM values, which revealed a strong positive relationship, with Pearson’s r value ranging from 0.592 to 0.9865<strong>.</strong> This study deepens our understanding of alkaloid biosynthesis, spatial distribution, and developmental dynamics in the four-year-old <em>P. cyrtonema</em> rhizome, providing valuable insights for future medicinal quality and groundwork for industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147495735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123105
Haoyu Jia, Lingling Song, Tong Yan, Luran Wang, Jinyue Hu
Icariside I, a prenylated flavonol glycoside derived from Herba Epimedii, has attracted significant interest due to its enhanced bioavailability and pharmacological activities. Traditional methods for producing icariside I, including direct extraction and chemical hydrolysis of icariin, are limited by low yields, harsh conditions, and environmental issues. In this study, we developed a biocatalytic approach for the efficient conversion of icariin to icariside I using naringinase immobilized on magnetic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles (Nar@MOF) via EDC/NHS cross-linking. The Nar@MOF exhibited improved pH and thermal stability, as well as significant recyclability. Nar@MOF also demonstrated a lower Km value compared to the free enzyme, indicating enhanced substrate affinity. The biocatalyst enabled continuous icariside I production with 99.8% conversion and 98.3% yield within 4 h. Additionally, Nar@MOF maintained over 75% yield after ten consecutive cycles at 60 °C, highlighting its excellent stability and recyclability. Notably, Nar@MOF also exhibited broad substrate applicability. These results indicate that MOF-based immobilization offers a cost-effective and sustainable strategy for large-scale enzymatic conversion of icariin, with the magnetic MOF nanoparticles providing a versatile platform for high-value flavonoid production.
{"title":"Valorization of Epimedium-derived icariin via magnetic MOF-immobilized naringinase: An efficient and reusable biocatalytic system for flavonoid modification","authors":"Haoyu Jia, Lingling Song, Tong Yan, Luran Wang, Jinyue Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123105","url":null,"abstract":"Icariside I, a prenylated flavonol glycoside derived from <em>Herba Epimedii</em>, has attracted significant interest due to its enhanced bioavailability and pharmacological activities. Traditional methods for producing icariside I, including direct extraction and chemical hydrolysis of icariin, are limited by low yields, harsh conditions, and environmental issues. In this study, we developed a biocatalytic approach for the efficient conversion of icariin to icariside I using naringinase immobilized on magnetic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles (Nar@MOF) via EDC/NHS cross-linking. The Nar@MOF exhibited improved pH and thermal stability, as well as significant recyclability. Nar@MOF also demonstrated a lower <em>K</em><sub>m</sub> value compared to the free enzyme, indicating enhanced substrate affinity. The biocatalyst enabled continuous icariside I production with 99.8% conversion and 98.3% yield within 4 h. Additionally, Nar@MOF maintained over 75% yield after ten consecutive cycles at 60 °C, highlighting its excellent stability and recyclability. Notably, Nar@MOF also exhibited broad substrate applicability. These results indicate that MOF-based immobilization offers a cost-effective and sustainable strategy for large-scale enzymatic conversion of icariin, with the magnetic MOF nanoparticles providing a versatile platform for high-value flavonoid production.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123049
Tongjing Yan, Zongyi Wu, Lei Xing, Yong Pan, Yihui Wang, Yuan He, Wei Dai, Zhaoliang Geng, Bin Cai
The natural aging of cigar tobacco leaves is a complex process involving interactions among environmental conditions, microbial community dynamics, and chemical transformations. However, the ecological mechanisms driving microbial succession and chemical changes across different production regions remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted synchronized aging experiments in four major cigar-producing regions, combining microenvironment monitoring with comprehensive microbial and chemical analyses. Pronounced regional differences in temperature and humidity significantly influenced major chemical traits, including total nitrogen, alkaloids, petroleum ether extracts, and mineral elements. Microbial community structure and diversity also varied significantly across regions and aging stages (p < 0.05). Random forest regression showed that multiple bacterial and fungal taxa were associated with chemical variation, with fungal community composition and richness exhibiting stronger explanatory power than bacterial diversity. Notably, Fusarium emerged as a representative fungal driver, while bacterial genera such as Massilia and Bacillus displayed significant but relatively weaker associations. Structural equation modeling further revealed that temperature and humidity influenced chemical characteristics indirectly through microbial communities, with bacterial diversity exerting a positive effect and fungal community composition a negative influence (p < 0.05). Null model indicated that bacterial community assembly was primarily governed by stochastic processes, whereas fungal assembly involved both stochastic and deterministic processes. Overall, these findings provide a mechanistic that connects microenvironmental regulation, microbial community assembly, and chemical evolution, offering insights for region-specific optimization of cigar tobacco aging processes.
{"title":"Microbial and chemical dynamics in cigar tobacco aging driven by spatiotemporal environmental heterogeneity","authors":"Tongjing Yan, Zongyi Wu, Lei Xing, Yong Pan, Yihui Wang, Yuan He, Wei Dai, Zhaoliang Geng, Bin Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123049","url":null,"abstract":"The natural aging of cigar tobacco leaves is a complex process involving interactions among environmental conditions, microbial community dynamics, and chemical transformations. However, the ecological mechanisms driving microbial succession and chemical changes across different production regions remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted synchronized aging experiments in four major cigar-producing regions, combining microenvironment monitoring with comprehensive microbial and chemical analyses. Pronounced regional differences in temperature and humidity significantly influenced major chemical traits, including total nitrogen, alkaloids, petroleum ether extracts, and mineral elements. Microbial community structure and diversity also varied significantly across regions and aging stages (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Random forest regression showed that multiple bacterial and fungal taxa were associated with chemical variation, with fungal community composition and richness exhibiting stronger explanatory power than bacterial diversity. Notably, <em>Fusarium</em> emerged as a representative fungal driver, while bacterial genera such as <em>Massilia</em> and <em>Bacillus</em> displayed significant but relatively weaker associations. Structural equation modeling further revealed that temperature and humidity influenced chemical characteristics indirectly through microbial communities, with bacterial diversity exerting a positive effect and fungal community composition a negative influence (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Null model indicated that bacterial community assembly was primarily governed by stochastic processes, whereas fungal assembly involved both stochastic and deterministic processes. Overall, these findings provide a mechanistic that connects microenvironmental regulation, microbial community assembly, and chemical evolution, offering insights for region-specific optimization of cigar tobacco aging processes.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renewable biomass materials have found widespread application in manufacturing flexible pressure sensors by utilizing their distinctive 3D network with reversible compressibility and high sensitivity. However, biomass-derived sponges as pressure sensors often suffer from intrinsic limitations, including insufficient electrical conductivity, inadequate elastic recovery, and low electromechanical stability. To address these challenges, this work utilized renewable natural balsa wood with vertically aligned microchannels to construct a compressible and elastic 3D carbonized sponge (CWS) via sulfonation treatment and low-temperature carbonization. In situ synthesis strategy was then employed to integrate Ag-NWs into the CWS matrix, which synergistically enhanced both the electrical and mechanical properties of the CWS. The CWS sample of C-300 obtained at the carbonization of 300 °C exhibited a large compressible deformation range of 80%, withstanding pressures up to 150 kPa and maintaining stable mechanical performance over 100 compression stress-strain cycles. The prepared Ag NWs/CWS sensor demonstrated highly reversible compressibility, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 12.66 kPa⁻¹ and a low detection limit of 310 Pa. In addition, it can endure the strain range of 2–60% and keep sensing stability over 6000 cycles with a short response time of 100 ms. This work can provide a facile route to construct high performance pressure sensor from biomass materials, which has potential in real-time monitoring of human joint movements.
{"title":"In-situ synthesis of silver nanowire/carbonized wood sponge composites enabling rapid-response and robust mechanical performances for potential application in pressure sensors","authors":"Youliang Cheng, Yifan Zhao, Changqing Fang, Jing Chen, Yue Zhang, Hanzhi Han, Xiaotong Zou, Yihan Wu, Jian Su, Yuzhen Wang, Tongtong Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123059","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable biomass materials have found widespread application in manufacturing flexible pressure sensors by utilizing their distinctive 3D network with reversible compressibility and high sensitivity. However, biomass-derived sponges as pressure sensors often suffer from intrinsic limitations, including insufficient electrical conductivity, inadequate elastic recovery, and low electromechanical stability. To address these challenges, this work utilized renewable natural balsa wood with vertically aligned microchannels to construct a compressible and elastic 3D carbonized sponge (CWS) via sulfonation treatment and low-temperature carbonization. In situ synthesis strategy was then employed to integrate Ag-NWs into the CWS matrix, which synergistically enhanced both the electrical and mechanical properties of the CWS. The CWS sample of C-300 obtained at the carbonization of 300 °C exhibited a large compressible deformation range of 80%, withstanding pressures up to 150 kPa and maintaining stable mechanical performance over 100 compression stress-strain cycles. The prepared Ag NWs/CWS sensor demonstrated highly reversible compressibility, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 12.66 kPa⁻¹ and a low detection limit of 310 Pa. In addition, it can endure the strain range of 2–60% and keep sensing stability over 6000 cycles with a short response time of 100 ms. This work can provide a facile route to construct high performance pressure sensor from biomass materials, which has potential in real-time monitoring of human joint movements.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Harvest timing for Paeonia lactiflora Pall. is traditionally assessed by the empirical sufficient powderiness of its roots, but the scientific basis for this phenotype is unclear. This study investigated whether the internal structure of root starch granules explains this traditional indicator. Starch granules from optimally and non-optimally harvested roots were analyzed using synchrotron-based soft X-ray microscopy at the oxygen K-edge, alongside scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and transmission electron microscopy. It was discovered that granules from the optimal harvest stage possess a distinct oxygen-deficient core and oxygen-enriched periphery configuration and a significantly higher overall oxygen density. This specific oxygen distribution reflects a more ordered crystalline structure, which likely confers the rigid, powdery texture described empirically. Our findings link starch granule ultrastructure to traditional quality assessment, establishing soft X-ray-derived oxygen mapping as a novel, objective diagnostic tool for determining the optimal harvest time of P. lactiflora.
{"title":"Starch granules of distinct harvest time under soft X-ray microscopy: From empirical sufficient powderiness to oxygen density","authors":"Zongran Lu, Yuxue Cheng, Jinyu Cai, Lan Han, Shasha Sun, Emelda Rosseleena Rohani, Chuanshan Jin, Chao Zhang, Menghui He, Xiaohui Tong, Rongchun Han","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123115","url":null,"abstract":"Harvest timing for <em>Paeonia lactiflora</em> Pall. is traditionally assessed by the empirical sufficient powderiness of its roots, but the scientific basis for this phenotype is unclear. This study investigated whether the internal structure of root starch granules explains this traditional indicator. Starch granules from optimally and non-optimally harvested roots were analyzed using synchrotron-based soft X-ray microscopy at the oxygen K-edge, alongside scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and transmission electron microscopy. It was discovered that granules from the optimal harvest stage possess a distinct oxygen-deficient core and oxygen-enriched periphery configuration and a significantly higher overall oxygen density. This specific oxygen distribution reflects a more ordered crystalline structure, which likely confers the rigid, powdery texture described empirically. Our findings link starch granule ultrastructure to traditional quality assessment, establishing soft X-ray-derived oxygen mapping as a novel, objective diagnostic tool for determining the optimal harvest time of <em>P. lactiflora</em>.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123091
Guangpeng Tang, Meiling Zhu, Sunling Li, Lin Chen, Yulan Xu, Nianhui Cai
This study aimed to investigate the effects of different top-pruning intensities on root morphology, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) allocation, and sprout regeneration capacity of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. seedlings, and to reveal the underlying ecophysiological response mechanisms. Four top-pruning intensity treatments were applied to one-year-old P. yunnanensis seedlings: H1 (75% height removal), H2 (50% height removal), H3 (25% height removal), and CK (no pruning). Root morphological indicators, soluble sugar (SS) and starch (ST) contents in various organs, NSC allocation patterns, and sprout number and growth dynamics were measured in March, May, July, September, and November, respectively. Results showed that top-pruning significantly affected root architecture. The H1 treatment inhibited root growth in the early stage but gradually recovered in the later stage, while the H2 and H3 treatments promoted increases in total root length, root surface area, and root volume. NSC distribution across organs followed the order: stem > root > sprout > needle. Top-pruning promoted SS accumulation and accelerated the conversion of ST to SS. Sprout growth conformed to the Logistic model; top-pruning delayed the first sprouting peak to 90 days post-treatment, and the H2 treatment exhibited the optimal performance in terms of sprout number and growth. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that top-pruning indirectly enhanced sprouting capacity by promoting SS accumulation and root development. In conclusion, P. yunnanensis seedlings respond to top-pruning disturbance by dynamically adjusting root morphology and NSC allocation strategies. Moderate top-pruning (H2) achieves the best performance in promoting sprout regeneration and resource use efficiency, providing a theoretical basis for the regeneration and management of P. yunnanensis plantations.
{"title":"Effects of top-pruning intensity on sprout regeneration, non-structural carbohydrate utilization, and root morphology in Pinus yunnanensis Franch. seedlings","authors":"Guangpeng Tang, Meiling Zhu, Sunling Li, Lin Chen, Yulan Xu, Nianhui Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123091","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the effects of different top-pruning intensities on root morphology, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) allocation, and sprout regeneration capacity of <em>Pinus yunnanensis Franch</em>. seedlings, and to reveal the underlying ecophysiological response mechanisms. Four top-pruning intensity treatments were applied to one-year-old <em>P. yunnanensis</em> seedlings: H1 (75% height removal), H2 (50% height removal), H3 (25% height removal), and CK (no pruning). Root morphological indicators, soluble sugar (SS) and starch (ST) contents in various organs, NSC allocation patterns, and sprout number and growth dynamics were measured in March, May, July, September, and November, respectively. Results showed that top-pruning significantly affected root architecture. The H1 treatment inhibited root growth in the early stage but gradually recovered in the later stage, while the H2 and H3 treatments promoted increases in total root length, root surface area, and root volume. NSC distribution across organs followed the order: stem > root > sprout > needle. Top-pruning promoted SS accumulation and accelerated the conversion of ST to SS. Sprout growth conformed to the Logistic model; top-pruning delayed the first sprouting peak to 90 days post-treatment, and the H2 treatment exhibited the optimal performance in terms of sprout number and growth. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that top-pruning indirectly enhanced sprouting capacity by promoting SS accumulation and root development. In conclusion, <em>P. yunnanensis</em> seedlings respond to top-pruning disturbance by dynamically adjusting root morphology and NSC allocation strategies. Moderate top-pruning (H2) achieves the best performance in promoting sprout regeneration and resource use efficiency, providing a theoretical basis for the regeneration and management of <em>P. yunnanensis</em> plantations.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"4 1","pages":"123091"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147506816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tetraena mongolica is a rare xerophytic shrub native to arid regions of western China. T. mongolica, commonly known as “oil firewood,” was once used as an important fuel source by local herders. To understand lipid accumulation and metabolism in the non-seed organs of T. mongolica, we analyzed lipid content in its roots, stems, and leaves. We identified 450 lipids, of which 78 were triglycerides (TGs), making it the most diverse subclass. Roots and stems accumulated significantly higher levels of total lipids and TGs than leaves, and both lipid fatty acids and total fatty acids showed similar accumulation patterns across different organs. A total of 38 fatty acids were detected in T. mongolica lipids, with C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2 being the dominant TG components across all organs. In the analysis of total fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids emerged as the most abundant. By integrating the relative content of lipid fatty acids with transcriptome analysis, we identified 15 core genes involved in the lipid metabolism pathway and also identified genes with a high level of association with these pathways. The expression levels of these genes were determined to be closely correlated with the accumulation of relevant lipids, suggesting that they play important roles in the regulation of fatty acid and oil metabolism. This study presents a systematic analysis of lipid metabolism in the non-seed organs of T. mongolica, offering a new theoretical foundation for utilizing vegetative organs from extreme environments as alternative sources of plant oils and biofuels.
{"title":"Integrative transcriptomic and lipidomic analysis of the lipid metabolism pattern in Tetraena mongolica","authors":"Minqi Zhou, Fei Gao, Yanli Wang, Luyao Zhao, Fei Ren, Fengyi Zhang, Ziyuan Meng, Junqing He, Xiaojing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123111","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Tetraena mongolica</em> is a rare xerophytic shrub native to arid regions of western China. <em>T. mongolica</em>, commonly known as “oil firewood,” was once used as an important fuel source by local herders. To understand lipid accumulation and metabolism in the non-seed organs of <em>T. mongolica</em>, we analyzed lipid content in its roots, stems, and leaves. We identified 450 lipids, of which 78 were triglycerides (TGs), making it the most diverse subclass. Roots and stems accumulated significantly higher levels of total lipids and TGs than leaves, and both lipid fatty acids and total fatty acids showed similar accumulation patterns across different organs. A total of 38 fatty acids were detected in <em>T. mongolica</em> lipids, with C16:0, C18:1, and C18:2 being the dominant TG components across all organs. In the analysis of total fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids emerged as the most abundant. By integrating the relative content of lipid fatty acids with transcriptome analysis, we identified 15 core genes involved in the lipid metabolism pathway and also identified genes with a high level of association with these pathways. The expression levels of these genes were determined to be closely correlated with the accumulation of relevant lipids, suggesting that they play important roles in the regulation of fatty acid and oil metabolism. This study presents a systematic analysis of lipid metabolism in the non-seed organs of <em>T. mongolica</em>, offering a new theoretical foundation for utilizing vegetative organs from extreme environments as alternative sources of plant oils and biofuels.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123108
Jingying Hei, Yue Li, Rui Rui, Shu He, Biao Wang, Shu Wang, Xiahong He
Microorganisms are key drivers of soil multifunctionality in agroforestry systems. However, the role of rare and abundant taxa in regulating soil multifunctionality in Sanqi–Pinus armandii agroforestry (SPA) system are not well understood. To address this, monoculture P. armandii (MP) and SPA systems were established herein. High-throughput sequencing was employed to characterize rare and abundant taxa (bacteria and fungi), while soil multifunctionality was assessed by measuring edaphic factors and hydrolytic enzyme activities. The results indicated that Sanqi cultivation significantly increased soil multifunctionality by 10–12%, and also enhanced the α-diversity (4–33%), network complexity (107–262%), and stability (12–19%) of rare taxa in P. armandii forests. Moreover, Sanqi cultivation also enhanced the stochasticity of rare taxa, whereas abundant bacteria and fungi displayed decreased and increased stochasticity, respectively. PCoA and ANOSIM analyses revealed that Sanqi cultivation, rather than ecological niches, exerted a dominant influence on abundant and rare microbial communities. Additionally, both abundant taxa (Chloroflexi, Basidiomycota) and rare taxa (Proteobacteria, Basidiomycota) exhibited significantly greater relative abundances in the SPA system. PLS-PM and random forest indicated that soil multifunctionality was directly impacted by the α-diversity and network complexity of rare taxa. Together, our results highlight the indispensable role of rare taxa in the SPA system, offering new insights and practical implications for the sustainable optimization of agroforestry ecosystems.
{"title":"Rare microbial α-diversity and network complexity significantly enhance soil multifunctionality in Pinus armandii under Sanqi-pine agroforestry system","authors":"Jingying Hei, Yue Li, Rui Rui, Shu He, Biao Wang, Shu Wang, Xiahong He","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123108","url":null,"abstract":"Microorganisms are key drivers of soil multifunctionality in agroforestry systems. However, the role of rare and abundant taxa in regulating soil multifunctionality in Sanqi–<em>Pinus armandii</em> agroforestry (SPA) system are not well understood. To address this, monoculture <em>P. armandii</em> (MP) and SPA systems were established herein. High-throughput sequencing was employed to characterize rare and abundant taxa (bacteria and fungi), while soil multifunctionality was assessed by measuring edaphic factors and hydrolytic enzyme activities. The results indicated that Sanqi cultivation significantly increased soil multifunctionality by 10–12%, and also enhanced the α-diversity (4–33%), network complexity (107–262%), and stability (12–19%) of rare taxa in <em>P. armandii</em> forests. Moreover, Sanqi cultivation also enhanced the stochasticity of rare taxa, whereas abundant bacteria and fungi displayed decreased and increased stochasticity, respectively. PCoA and ANOSIM analyses revealed that Sanqi cultivation, rather than ecological niches, exerted a dominant influence on abundant and rare microbial communities. Additionally, both abundant taxa (Chloroflexi, Basidiomycota) and rare taxa (Proteobacteria, Basidiomycota) exhibited significantly greater relative abundances in the SPA system. PLS-PM and random forest indicated that soil multifunctionality was directly impacted by the α-diversity and network complexity of rare taxa. Together, our results highlight the indispensable role of rare taxa in the SPA system, offering new insights and practical implications for the sustainable optimization of agroforestry ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sink-source relationship significantly influences chemical defoliation in cotton. However, studies on the effects of sink-source manipulations at different phenological stages remain limited. To address this, we designed four treatments with varying sink-source ratios at the initial flowering stage (IFS), flowering and boll stage (FABS), and full boll stage (FBS): conventional plant type (CK), 50% leaves of the fruit branches removal (1/2 L), 50% boll removal (1/2B) and 100% boll removal (0B). The results demonstrated that the sink-source ratio affects defoliation outcomes, with distinct effects depending on the treatment stage. At IFS and FABS, defoliation rates increased with higher sink-source ratios following defoliant application, with the 1/2 L treatment exhibiting the highest defoliation rate and the 0B treatment the lowest. Conversely, at FBS, the CK treatment showed the highest defoliation rate, while the 1/2 L treatment had the lowest. This discrepancy may be attributed to compensatory mechanisms at FBS, where leaf removal enhanced the physiological activity of leaves (e.g., higher IAA content, lower ABA content, and increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn)), reducing sensitivity to defoliants. In contrast, at IFS and FABS, the compensatory effects of leaf removal likely subsided by the time of defoliation, and the high boll load accelerated leaf senescence (e.g., lower IAA content, higher ABA content, and reduced Pn), enhancing defoliant sensitivity. Consequently, the 1/2 L treatment not only raised the defoliation rate by 0.5–6.2% and 0.9–1.5% at IFS and FABS, but more importantly, it substantially reduced residual leaves by 33.3–65.9% and 28.2–39.0%, respectively. Additionally, there was no significant difference in yield between the CK and the 1/2 L treatment during these two periods. Thus, moderately increasing the sink-source ratio during early and middle FABS optimizes defoliation efficiency. This study provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for optimizing sink-source dynamics to improve chemical defoliation in cotton.
{"title":"Regulating sink-source ratio optimizes cotton defoliation efficiency during the early-to-mid flowering and boll stages","authors":"Zhenwang Zhang, Kexin Li, Jiaqi Zhang, Qinghua Liao, Yukun Wang, Xiaocheng Yuan, Keke Yu, Mingfeng Yang, Guodong Chen, Sumei Wan, Shanwei Lou, Fangjun Li, Mingwei Du, Xiaoli Tian, Zhaohu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123056","url":null,"abstract":"The sink-source relationship significantly influences chemical defoliation in cotton. However, studies on the effects of sink-source manipulations at different phenological stages remain limited. To address this, we designed four treatments with varying sink-source ratios at the initial flowering stage (IFS), flowering and boll stage (FABS), and full boll stage (FBS): conventional plant type (CK), 50% leaves of the fruit branches removal (1/2 L), 50% boll removal (1/2B) and 100% boll removal (0B). The results demonstrated that the sink-source ratio affects defoliation outcomes, with distinct effects depending on the treatment stage. At IFS and FABS, defoliation rates increased with higher sink-source ratios following defoliant application, with the 1/2 L treatment exhibiting the highest defoliation rate and the 0B treatment the lowest. Conversely, at FBS, the CK treatment showed the highest defoliation rate, while the 1/2 L treatment had the lowest. This discrepancy may be attributed to compensatory mechanisms at FBS, where leaf removal enhanced the physiological activity of leaves (e.g., higher IAA content, lower ABA content, and increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn)), reducing sensitivity to defoliants. In contrast, at IFS and FABS, the compensatory effects of leaf removal likely subsided by the time of defoliation, and the high boll load accelerated leaf senescence (e.g., lower IAA content, higher ABA content, and reduced Pn), enhancing defoliant sensitivity. Consequently, the 1/2 L treatment not only raised the defoliation rate by 0.5–6.2% and 0.9–1.5% at IFS and FABS, but more importantly, it substantially reduced residual leaves by 33.3–65.9% and 28.2–39.0%, respectively. Additionally, there was no significant difference in yield between the CK and the 1/2 L treatment during these two periods. Thus, moderately increasing the sink-source ratio during early and middle FABS optimizes defoliation efficiency. This study provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for optimizing sink-source dynamics to improve chemical defoliation in cotton.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The use of nanotechnology to stimulate plants for the autonomous production of defense-related bioactive compounds offers a sustainable alternative to conventional pesticides. Here, we demonstrate that foliar-applied silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) act as a potent nano-elicitor that primes systemic immunity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants challenged by Ralstonia solanacearum. SiO2NPs reduced disease severity by 28.0-43.9% and increased shoot and root biomass by 35.4% and 124.0%, respectively. Physiological analyses revealed rapid activation of lipoxygenase and peroxidase enzymes, accompanied by enhanced accumulation of lignin and soluble phenolics. Untargeted metabolomics showed early defense priming and immune modulation, with enrichment of phenylpropanoids, tyrosine derivatives, and lipid-derived signals. Pathway analysis indicated activation of α-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling. SiO2NPs elevated jasmonic acids and salicylic acids while reducing abscisic acid, reflecting coordinated hormonal crosstalk. Notably, SiO2NPs also induced sustained gene-expression priming, significantly upregulating MAPK1 (3.1-fold at 24 hpi, 1.4-fold at 72 hpi), MAPK3 (3.9-fold at 24 hpi, 1.1-fold at 72 hpi), and WRKY53 (4.4-fold at 24 hpi, 1.7-fold at 72 hpi) relative to pathogen-only controls. Machine learning analysis revealed the central role of salicylic acid in defense and a potential synergy between auxin/glutathione pathways and immunity. Collectively, SiO2NPs represent a promising nano-elicitor strategy to enhance crop resilience through defense priming and endogenous metabolite production.
{"title":"Silica nanoparticles as a nano-elicitor: Modulating tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants metabolism to suppress bacterial wilt","authors":"Lei Wang, Jiayi Li, Sicong Li, Taowen Pan, Sheng Wang, Kunzheng Cai, Rongliang Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123078","url":null,"abstract":"The use of nanotechnology to stimulate plants for the autonomous production of defense-related bioactive compounds offers a sustainable alternative to conventional pesticides. Here, we demonstrate that foliar-applied silica nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub>NPs) act as a potent nano-elicitor that primes systemic immunity in tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) plants challenged by <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>. SiO<sub>2</sub>NPs reduced disease severity by 28.0-43.9% and increased shoot and root biomass by 35.4% and 124.0%, respectively. Physiological analyses revealed rapid activation of lipoxygenase and peroxidase enzymes, accompanied by enhanced accumulation of lignin and soluble phenolics. Untargeted metabolomics showed early defense priming and immune modulation, with enrichment of phenylpropanoids, tyrosine derivatives, and lipid-derived signals. Pathway analysis indicated activation of α-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and hormone signaling. SiO<sub>2</sub>NPs elevated jasmonic acids and salicylic acids while reducing abscisic acid, reflecting coordinated hormonal crosstalk. Notably, SiO<sub>2</sub>NPs also induced sustained gene-expression priming, significantly upregulating <em>MAPK1</em> (3.1-fold at 24 hpi, 1.4-fold at 72 hpi), <em>MAPK3</em> (3.9-fold at 24 hpi, 1.1-fold at 72 hpi), and <em>WRKY53</em> (4.4-fold at 24 hpi, 1.7-fold at 72 hpi) relative to pathogen-only controls. Machine learning analysis revealed the central role of salicylic acid in defense and a potential synergy between auxin/glutathione pathways and immunity. Collectively, SiO<sub>2</sub>NPs represent a promising nano-elicitor strategy to enhance crop resilience through defense priming and endogenous metabolite production.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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