Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122898
Ye Liu, Yongzhong Chen, Zhiyi Luo, Qilan Chen, Zhiji Ye, Fan Li, Jia Xu, Liping Shi, Linlin Dong
Understanding how environmental gradients shape soil microbial communities and their functions is essential for optimizing medicinal plant cultivation. In this study, the rhizosphere microbial communities of Panax notoginseng (PN) were investigated along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China, integrating amplicon sequencing, soil physicochemical analysis, and plant metabolite profiling. Results revealed that elevation was significantly related to soil carbon and phosphorus fractions, and microbial community composition, with a pronounced effect on fungal specialists. Null-model analysis suggested that homogeneous selected bacterial generalists exhibited more than 1.5 folds higher diversity and network connectivity compared to other subcommunities, which may contribute to microbial network stability, while stochastic process selected fungal specialists might be more responsive to elevation-associated changes and network complexity. Functional potential predicted using FUNGuild and PICRUSt2 suggested distinct ecological roles: bacterial generalists were enriched in nutrient-cycling genes, whereas fungal specialists were associated with symbiotic and saprotrophic lifestyles. Importantly, saponin contents in PN roots decreased with elevation and were positively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) but negatively correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC). Partial Least Squares modeling (Goodness-of-Fit, GOF = 0.548) indicated that fungal specialists and bacterial generalists might be associated with the effect of carbon pool and the ratio of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) on the accumulation of medical compound (saponins and flavonoids), separately (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the potential roles of bacterial generalists and fungal specialists in mediating plant-soil-microbe interactions and emphasize their ecological significance for the sustainable cultivation of PN amid changing environmental conditions.
{"title":"Niches-driven changes in microbial communities contributes to medicinal compound accumulation in Panax notoginseng","authors":"Ye Liu, Yongzhong Chen, Zhiyi Luo, Qilan Chen, Zhiji Ye, Fan Li, Jia Xu, Liping Shi, Linlin Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122898","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how environmental gradients shape soil microbial communities and their functions is essential for optimizing medicinal plant cultivation. In this study, the rhizosphere microbial communities of Panax <ce:italic>notoginseng</ce:italic> (PN) were investigated along an altitudinal gradient in Southwest China, integrating amplicon sequencing, soil physicochemical analysis, and plant metabolite profiling. Results revealed that elevation was significantly related to soil carbon and phosphorus fractions, and microbial community composition, with a pronounced effect on fungal specialists. Null-model analysis suggested that homogeneous selected bacterial generalists exhibited more than 1.5 folds higher diversity and network connectivity compared to other subcommunities, which may contribute to microbial network stability, while stochastic process selected fungal specialists might be more responsive to elevation-associated changes and network complexity. Functional potential predicted using FUNGuild and PICRUSt2 suggested distinct ecological roles: bacterial generalists were enriched in nutrient-cycling genes, whereas fungal specialists were associated with symbiotic and saprotrophic lifestyles. Importantly, saponin contents in PN roots decreased with elevation and were positively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) but negatively correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) and readily oxidizable carbon (ROC). Partial Least Squares modeling (Goodness-of-Fit, GOF = 0.548) indicated that fungal specialists and bacterial generalists might be associated with the effect of carbon pool and the ratio of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) on the accumulation of medical compound (saponins and flavonoids), separately (p < 0.05). These findings underscore the potential roles of bacterial generalists and fungal specialists in mediating plant-soil-microbe interactions and emphasize their ecological significance for the sustainable cultivation of PN amid changing environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122899
Shanbo Chen, Yang Cao, Chi Zhao, Sha Wang, Chenghao Zhang, Zhiqing Zhang, Liu Chen, Wei Peng, Lihua Wang, Yongqing Guo, Zhiwu Yang, Shijing Feng, Yinchun Jin
Zanthoxylum armatum is a commercially valuable plant species widely cultivated in China; however, its dense coverage of sharp prickles is a serious challenge for the agricultural production and fruit harvesting of Z. armatum. To elucidate the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the prickle development of Z. armatum, this study employed an integrated approach of metabonomic and transcriptomic analysis to uncover the developmental mechanism of Z. armatum prickles. Microscopic examination showed prickles of Z. armatum are epidermal-derived structures lacking vascular bundles, featuring a specialized cellular transition region termed the “resembling abscission zone” that enables easy detachment. Metabonomic analysis revealed stage-specific fluctuations in multiple hormonal pathways, with auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and ethylene (ETH) exhibiting distinct temporal patterns that correlate with critical phases of prickle morphogenesis. Transcriptomic sequencing analysis identified 26,053 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between prickly (TJ) and prickleless (CJ2) cultivars, with significant enrichment in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signaling pathways. We identified 22 hub genes strongly associated with prickle development using WGCNA analysis, including key regulators of JAR4, MYC2, and Tify6B. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of numerous transcription factor families, particularly AP2/ERF, MYB, WRKY, and NAC members, between the two cultivars. The expression patterns of candidate genes were rigorously validated by RT-qPCR verification, demonstrating consistently higher transcript levels in the prickleless CJ2 cultivar. These findings provide novel insights into the complex regulatory networks governing prickle formation in Z. armatum, establishing a crucial foundation for molecular breeding programs aimed at developing improved cultivars with reduced or eliminated prickles.
{"title":"Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis to uncover the developmental mechanism of Zanthoxylum armatum prickles","authors":"Shanbo Chen, Yang Cao, Chi Zhao, Sha Wang, Chenghao Zhang, Zhiqing Zhang, Liu Chen, Wei Peng, Lihua Wang, Yongqing Guo, Zhiwu Yang, Shijing Feng, Yinchun Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122899","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Zanthoxylum armatum</ce:italic> is a commercially valuable plant species widely cultivated in China; however, its dense coverage of sharp prickles is a serious challenge for the agricultural production and fruit harvesting of <ce:italic>Z. armatum</ce:italic>. To elucidate the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying the prickle development of <ce:italic>Z. armatum</ce:italic>, this study employed an integrated approach of metabonomic and transcriptomic analysis to uncover the developmental mechanism of <ce:italic>Z. armatum</ce:italic> prickles. Microscopic examination showed prickles of <ce:italic>Z. armatum</ce:italic> are epidermal-derived structures lacking vascular bundles, featuring a specialized cellular transition region termed the “resembling abscission zone” that enables easy detachment. Metabonomic analysis revealed stage-specific fluctuations in multiple hormonal pathways, with auxin (IAA), cytokinin (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA), and ethylene (ETH) exhibiting distinct temporal patterns that correlate with critical phases of prickle morphogenesis. Transcriptomic sequencing analysis identified 26,053 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between prickly (TJ) and prickleless (CJ2) cultivars, with significant enrichment in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signaling pathways. We identified 22 <ce:italic>hub</ce:italic> genes strongly associated with prickle development using WGCNA analysis, including key regulators of <ce:italic>JAR4</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>MYC2</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>Tify6B</ce:italic>. Furthermore, comparative transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of numerous transcription factor families, particularly <ce:italic>AP2/ERF</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>MYB</ce:italic>, <ce:italic>WRKY</ce:italic>, and <ce:italic>NAC</ce:italic> members, between the two cultivars. The expression patterns of candidate genes were rigorously validated by RT-qPCR verification, demonstrating consistently higher transcript levels in the prickleless CJ2 cultivar. These findings provide novel insights into the complex regulatory networks governing prickle formation in <ce:italic>Z. armatum</ce:italic>, establishing a crucial foundation for molecular breeding programs aimed at developing improved cultivars with reduced or eliminated prickles.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important industrial crop, but soil salinization severely limits its yield and cultivation area. This study aims to elucidate the physiological response mechanisms of canola to salt and alkali stress by examining the physiological characteristics of canola seedlings and changes in organic acid metabolism in roots and secretions under salt and alkali stress using the S14 variety of canola. At low and high concentrations of salt stress, 14 and 6 differentially expressed organic acid metabolites were identified, respectively. Similarly, under low and high alkali stress concentrations, 33 and 23 organic acid metabolites were differentially expressed, respectively. Analysis of key enzyme activity in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, organic acid content, and KEGG enrichment revealed that canola seedlings respond to salt stress primarily by increasing fatty acid metabolism, promoting energy production, and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the response pathway to alkali stress is distinct, suggesting that it may trigger the transformation and accumulation of glutamic acid metabolites, organic acids, and amino acids. This pathways improves energy metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity of crops and plays a critical role in regulating intracellular pH. Additionally, in response to salt stress, canola roots predominantly increase the secretion of substances such as 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, kynurenic acid, and glutaric acid. Under alkali stress, canola adapts to the alkali environment by secreting increased levels of adipic acid and taurine. These findings provide a robust scientific foundation for screening and cultivation of salt-tolerant canola varieties.
{"title":"Metabolomics and physiological regulation processes unveil differential mechanisms underlying salt and alkali tolerance in roots of canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings","authors":"Lupeng Sun, Chenhao Zhang, Dianjun Chen, Xiaowei Zhu, Fenghua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122886","url":null,"abstract":"Canola (<ce:italic>Brassica napus</ce:italic> L.) is an important industrial crop, but soil salinization severely limits its yield and cultivation area. This study aims to elucidate the physiological response mechanisms of canola to salt and alkali stress by examining the physiological characteristics of canola seedlings and changes in organic acid metabolism in roots and secretions under salt and alkali stress using the S14 variety of canola. At low and high concentrations of salt stress, 14 and 6 differentially expressed organic acid metabolites were identified, respectively. Similarly, under low and high alkali stress concentrations, 33 and 23 organic acid metabolites were differentially expressed, respectively. Analysis of key enzyme activity in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, organic acid content, and KEGG enrichment revealed that canola seedlings respond to salt stress primarily by increasing fatty acid metabolism, promoting energy production, and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the response pathway to alkali stress is distinct, suggesting that it may trigger the transformation and accumulation of glutamic acid metabolites, organic acids, and amino acids. This pathways improves energy metabolism, increasing the antioxidant capacity of crops and plays a critical role in regulating intracellular pH. Additionally, in response to salt stress, canola roots predominantly increase the secretion of substances such as 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, kynurenic acid, and glutaric acid. Under alkali stress, canola adapts to the alkali environment by secreting increased levels of adipic acid and taurine. These findings provide a robust scientific foundation for screening and cultivation of salt-tolerant canola varieties.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-16DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122860
Usha Kiran Sanivada, Hom Nath Dhakal, Francisco P Brito, Raúl Fangueiro
Researchers focused on utilizing the natural plant fibers (NPFs) as reinforcements in the development of bio-composites in recent years due to their low density, good specific properties, abundant availability and biodegradability. Agro-waste is discarded in landfills, and hence it’s essential to encourage the use of fibers derived from agro-waste as reinforcement and promote the circular economy. However, it is necessary to reduce the hydrophilicity of NPFs by various treatments to make them suitable for utilizing as reinforcement in biocomposites. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the changes in the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of NPFs resulting from alkaline treatment, specifically banana, flax, jute, and pineapple (PALF) fibers. The fibers are exposed to alkaline treatment (5 %) at room temperature (25°C) and boiling temperature (100°C) for 30 min. The fibers were subjected to mechanical tests, besides Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X–ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and microscopic analysis. The characterisation techniques performed suggested that alkaline treatments have successfully removed contents like waxes and hemicellulose from the fiber’s surface and improved the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the lignocellulosic fibers investigated. Pull-out tests determined that more pull-out energy was needed for PALF fibers treated at room temperature, which indicated improved interfacial properties. The fibers treated at room temperature have shown no damage, evidenced by morphological observations, and exhibited better performance in comparison to fibers treated at 100°C and untreated fibers. Thus, these fibers can potentially be employed as reinforcements in the development of sustainable biocomposites that can be utilized in several engineering applications, including wind, aerospace, automotive, packaging, construction, and marine.
{"title":"A comparative evaluation of alkaline surface treatment impact on the structural, mechanical and thermal properties of natural plant fibers","authors":"Usha Kiran Sanivada, Hom Nath Dhakal, Francisco P Brito, Raúl Fangueiro","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122860","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers focused on utilizing the natural plant fibers (NPFs) as reinforcements in the development of bio-composites in recent years due to their low density, good specific properties, abundant availability and biodegradability. Agro-waste is discarded in landfills, and hence it’s essential to encourage the use of fibers derived from agro-waste as reinforcement and promote the circular economy. However, it is necessary to reduce the hydrophilicity of NPFs by various treatments to make them suitable for utilizing as reinforcement in biocomposites. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the changes in the physico-mechanical and thermal properties of NPFs resulting from alkaline treatment, specifically banana, flax, jute, and pineapple (PALF) fibers. The fibers are exposed to alkaline treatment (5 %) at room temperature (25°C) and boiling temperature (100°C) for 30 min. The fibers were subjected to mechanical tests, besides Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X–ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and microscopic analysis. The characterisation techniques performed suggested that alkaline treatments have successfully removed contents like waxes and hemicellulose from the fiber’s surface and improved the mechanical and thermal behaviour of the lignocellulosic fibers investigated. Pull-out tests determined that more pull-out energy was needed for PALF fibers treated at room temperature, which indicated improved interfacial properties. The fibers treated at room temperature have shown no damage, evidenced by morphological observations, and exhibited better performance in comparison to fibers treated at 100°C and untreated fibers. Thus, these fibers can potentially be employed as reinforcements in the development of sustainable biocomposites that can be utilized in several engineering applications, including wind, aerospace, automotive, packaging, construction, and marine.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146208632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122907
Guillaume N. Rivière , Hugo Hammar , Ulrica Edlund
In this work, a one-step peracetic acid (PAA) treatment was established for wheat straw delignification, eliminating the need for conventional chemical pretreatments. By exploring sulfuric acid catalysis, we demonstrate that fiber liberation can be achieved at sulfuric acid concentrations as low as 50 mM. It is achieved by primary removal of acid-soluble lignin and arabinose while preserving xylose and mannose. Although delignification is spatially heterogeneous and requires extended reaction times, the addition of sulfuric acid significantly accelerates fiber release. Advanced imaging approaches, including scanning electron microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and optotracing, enable in situ spatial visualization of lignocellulose anatomy at sub-cellular resolution. These analyses reveal how PAA penetrates and acts within wheat straw, moving from conventional bulk chemical descriptions to anatomical mapping of fiber liberation and delignification dynamics. Notably, they showed that the lignin-rich epidermal cell layer is a limiting factor, and residual lignin can also persist within parenchyma cells. The recovered holocellulose fibers display sufficient structural integrity to form self-standing paper-like sheets.
{"title":"Integrating optotracing to elucidate wheat straw delignification pathways in a one-step peracetic acid process","authors":"Guillaume N. Rivière , Hugo Hammar , Ulrica Edlund","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a one-step peracetic acid (PAA) treatment was established for wheat straw delignification, eliminating the need for conventional chemical pretreatments. By exploring sulfuric acid catalysis, we demonstrate that fiber liberation can be achieved at sulfuric acid concentrations as low as 50 mM. It is achieved by primary removal of acid-soluble lignin and arabinose while preserving xylose and mannose. Although delignification is spatially heterogeneous and requires extended reaction times, the addition of sulfuric acid significantly accelerates fiber release. Advanced imaging approaches, including scanning electron microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and optotracing, enable in situ spatial visualization of lignocellulose anatomy at sub-cellular resolution. These analyses reveal how PAA penetrates and acts within wheat straw, moving from conventional bulk chemical descriptions to anatomical mapping of fiber liberation and delignification dynamics. Notably, they showed that the lignin-rich epidermal cell layer is a limiting factor, and residual lignin can also persist within parenchyma cells. The recovered holocellulose fibers display sufficient structural integrity to form self-standing paper-like sheets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 122907"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An organic solvent-free biorefinery process was developed for the efficient extraction of high-purity Eucommia ulmoides gum (EUG) from seed shells by integrating alkaline pretreatment, disk milling, and air flotation purification. Under optimal conditions (5 % NaOH, 100 °C, 1 h of air flotation), EUG with a purity of 98.2 % and a yield of 22.2 % was obtained, eliminating the need for hazardous organic solvents. Structural analyses (FT-IR NMR, XRD) confirmed the extracted products as trans-1,4-polyisoprene. Furthermore, etherified lignin (ESL) was incorporated into EUG to fabricate composite films. The resulting ESL/EUG composites exhibited tunable mechanical properties, enhanced UV-aging resistance, increased hardness, and improved shape memory performance. Notably, the ESL/EUG composite containing 5 wt% ESL achieved a high shape recovery ratio of 94 %, demonstrating potential for applications in orthopedic braces and sports protective equipment. This work presents a highly efficient, eco-friendly sustainable approach for the integrated valorization of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO) resources into high-value bio-based materials.
{"title":"A highly efficient, organic solvent-free biorefinery strategy for high-purity Eucommia ulmoides gum extraction and its etherified lignin-modified composites","authors":"Wenqiang Qi, Qinglei Xu, Gaofeng Cheng, Daquan Li, Shaochao Sun, Hui Zhao, Mingqiang Zhu, Yongming Fan, Huiqiang Chen, Douyong Min, Lianhua Fu, Changzhou Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122893","url":null,"abstract":"An organic solvent-free biorefinery process was developed for the efficient extraction of high-purity <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em> gum (EUG) from seed shells by integrating alkaline pretreatment, disk milling, and air flotation purification. Under optimal conditions (5 % NaOH, 100 °C, 1 h of air flotation), EUG with a purity of 98.2 % and a yield of 22.2 % was obtained, eliminating the need for hazardous organic solvents. Structural analyses (FT-IR NMR, XRD) confirmed the extracted products as <em>trans</em>-1,4-polyisoprene. Furthermore, etherified lignin (ESL) was incorporated into EUG to fabricate composite films. The resulting ESL/EUG composites exhibited tunable mechanical properties, enhanced UV-aging resistance, increased hardness, and improved shape memory performance. Notably, the ESL/EUG composite containing 5 wt% ESL achieved a high shape recovery ratio of 94 %, demonstrating potential for applications in orthopedic braces and sports protective equipment. This work presents a highly efficient, eco-friendly sustainable approach for the integrated valorization of <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em> Oliver (EUO) resources into high-value bio-based materials.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122905
Xiaoran Li , Yuheng Han , Kehui Cen, Li Qiu, Xiao Yang, Dengyu Chen
Agricultural, forestry, and nut-shell biomass residues were valorized into functional biochars for phosphorus removal from water, aiming to elucidate the role of feedstock characteristics in governing modification efficiency and phosphorus adsorption performance. In these three separate categories, ML screening identified rice straw, walnut shell, and bamboo as the optimal biomass sources, while also determining the ranges for process parameters, including pyrolysis temperature (600–800 °C), time (2–4 h), and La3 + concentration (2–4 mol/L). Subsequently, RSM was employed to experimentally validate the ML results and optimize pyrolysis conditions, revealing that the phosphorus adsorption capacity of La-modified biochars decreased in the order of rice straw > walnut shell > bamboo. The La-modified rice straw biochar exhibited the highest phosphorus adsorption capacity of 247.77 mg/g under the optimized conditions (727.57 °C, a La³⁺ concentration of 3.18 mol/L, and 2.89 h). Comprehensive characterization (XPS, XRD, XRF, and SEM-EDS) revealed that the abundant silicon dioxide in rice straw biochar not only formed a robust skeletal framework but also provided active sites facilitating the uniform dispersion and stabilization of La. In contrast, inadequate minerals in walnut shell and bamboo biochars hindered stable La-O-P phase formation, thus yielding weaker adsorption capacity. Finally, density function theory calculations elucidated the adsorption mechanisms of La-modified biochars for different phosphate species, indicating that phosphate and hydrogen phosphate tend to bind primarily via chemisorption, while dihydrogen phosphate favors physisorption. This study highlights the critical role of feedstock composition in determining phosphorus adsorption performance and demonstrates the potential of agricultural biomass residues, particularly rice straw, for the development of functional biochars for phosphorus removal.
{"title":"Valorization of agricultural, forestry and nut-shell biomass residues into functional biochars for phosphorus removal: Feedstock screening and process optimization","authors":"Xiaoran Li , Yuheng Han , Kehui Cen, Li Qiu, Xiao Yang, Dengyu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural, forestry, and nut-shell biomass residues were valorized into functional biochars for phosphorus removal from water, aiming to elucidate the role of feedstock characteristics in governing modification efficiency and phosphorus adsorption performance. In these three separate categories, ML screening identified rice straw, walnut shell, and bamboo as the optimal biomass sources, while also determining the ranges for process parameters, including pyrolysis temperature (600–800 °C), time (2–4 h), and La<sup>3 +</sup> concentration (2–4 mol/L). Subsequently, RSM was employed to experimentally validate the ML results and optimize pyrolysis conditions, revealing that the phosphorus adsorption capacity of La-modified biochars decreased in the order of rice straw > walnut shell > bamboo. The La-modified rice straw biochar exhibited the highest phosphorus adsorption capacity of 247.77 mg/g under the optimized conditions (727.57 °C, a La³⁺ concentration of 3.18 mol/L, and 2.89 h). Comprehensive characterization (XPS, XRD, XRF, and SEM-EDS) revealed that the abundant silicon dioxide in rice straw biochar not only formed a robust skeletal framework but also provided active sites facilitating the uniform dispersion and stabilization of La. In contrast, inadequate minerals in walnut shell and bamboo biochars hindered stable La-O-P phase formation, thus yielding weaker adsorption capacity. Finally, density function theory calculations elucidated the adsorption mechanisms of La-modified biochars for different phosphate species, indicating that phosphate and hydrogen phosphate tend to bind primarily via chemisorption, while dihydrogen phosphate favors physisorption. This study highlights the critical role of feedstock composition in determining phosphorus adsorption performance and demonstrates the potential of agricultural biomass residues, particularly rice straw, for the development of functional biochars for phosphorus removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 122905"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122912
Xiao-Xiang Li , Yong-Kang Wang , Jing-Jing Ye , Shu-Ling Dong , Kai-Rong Wang , Yue-Rong Liang , Long-Jie Zhang , Ming Li , Jian-Liang Lu , Jian-Hui Ye , Xin-Qiang Zheng
Leaf color trait in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) can significantly impact their quality and economic value. Purple tea plant, having unique leaf color, has valued for their anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are important stress-response metabolites in tea plant with a clearly synthesis pathway, but their transport mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, 99 tea samples with varying degrees of purple coloration were used to systematically analyze the biochemical basis of leaf color variation. UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified the anthocyanin profile in tea plants, and OPLS-DA revealed that anthocyanins were the most influential pigments determining leaf color. Gene expression pattern analysis showed that the glutathione S-transferase gene (CsGST) expression was significant correlated with anthocyanin levels. Purple samples exhibited higher expression. Silencing this gene in purple leaves partially disrupted anthocyanin transport. Further investigation applying microscale thermophoresis (MST) and molecular docking elucidated that GST protein showed a binding preference for glycosylated anthocyanins and revealed that its transport function was achieved through direct binding to the glycosyl moiety of anthocyanins. This study clarified the potential role of GST in leaf color variation, offering a new insight into purple leaf coloration, and provided theoretical foundations for tea product development and resource utilization.
{"title":"Mechanism of GST-mediated anthocyanin transport in purple leaf color formation revealed by multicolored tea plant (Camellia sinensis)","authors":"Xiao-Xiang Li , Yong-Kang Wang , Jing-Jing Ye , Shu-Ling Dong , Kai-Rong Wang , Yue-Rong Liang , Long-Jie Zhang , Ming Li , Jian-Liang Lu , Jian-Hui Ye , Xin-Qiang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaf color trait in tea plant (<em>Camellia sinensis</em>) can significantly impact their quality and economic value. Purple tea plant, having unique leaf color, has valued for their anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are important stress-response metabolites in tea plant with a clearly synthesis pathway, but their transport mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, 99 tea samples with varying degrees of purple coloration were used to systematically analyze the biochemical basis of leaf color variation. UPLC-MS/MS analysis identified the anthocyanin profile in tea plants, and OPLS-DA revealed that anthocyanins were the most influential pigments determining leaf color. Gene expression pattern analysis showed that the glutathione S-transferase gene (<em>CsGST</em>) expression was significant correlated with anthocyanin levels. Purple samples exhibited higher expression. Silencing this gene in purple leaves partially disrupted anthocyanin transport. Further investigation applying microscale thermophoresis (MST) and molecular docking elucidated that GST protein showed a binding preference for glycosylated anthocyanins and revealed that its transport function was achieved through direct binding to the glycosyl moiety of anthocyanins. This study clarified the potential role of GST in leaf color variation, offering a new insight into purple leaf coloration, and provided theoretical foundations for tea product development and resource utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 122912"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122881
Guoqing Feng , Ying Gu , Han Zhang , Yanan Zhou , Cheng Wang , Bin Luo , Liping Chen
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been gained extensive application in the field of flour adulteration detection due to its rapid and non-destructive analytical capabilities. Nevertheless, conventional methodologies merely offer simplistic simulations of adulteration scenarios, thereby failing to accurately represent the intricate conditions of multi-type and multi-source adulterants in actual production and circulation. To overcome this limitation, the present study constructed a multi-source composite adulteration data system: based on a handheld NIR spectrometer, multiple types and brands of wheat flour and common adulterants (cassava flour, gypsum powder, talcum powder) were systematically collected, and samples were selected for modeling and heterologous testing according to the weighted similarity (WS) criterion, preserving spectral diversity while controlling experimental costs. In conjunction with the proposed lightweight multi-task deep learning (DL) model Adulterated Flour Unmixing Net Multitask (AFUNet-MT), end-to-end joint analysis of adulteration types and component abundances was achieved. Compared with traditional machine learning (ML) methods and State-of-the-art (SOTA) DL models, AFUNet-MT exhibited superior comprehensive performance in 5-fold cross-validation: the classification accuracy reached 0.9816 ± 0.0036, and the overall R² value of component abundance prediction reached 0.9564 ± 0.0059. In heterologous testing composed of edge brands, AFUNet-MT still maintained a classification accuracy of 0.9560 ± 0.0021 and an abundance estimation R² value of 0.8992 ± 0.0050, with a residual predictive deviation (RPD) value of up to 5.7695, fully demonstrating its generalization ability and stability under cross-brand and cross-category adulteration. Regarding computational performance analysis, the proposed model exhibited low memory and high sample throughput per unit time, thereby furnishing practical technical support for embedded deployment with handheld NIR devices and rapid screening in agricultural field applications.
{"title":"Near-infrared spectroscopy unmixing for abundance estimation of multi-source composite adulterated wheat flour","authors":"Guoqing Feng , Ying Gu , Han Zhang , Yanan Zhou , Cheng Wang , Bin Luo , Liping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been gained extensive application in the field of flour adulteration detection due to its rapid and non-destructive analytical capabilities. Nevertheless, conventional methodologies merely offer simplistic simulations of adulteration scenarios, thereby failing to accurately represent the intricate conditions of multi-type and multi-source adulterants in actual production and circulation. To overcome this limitation, the present study constructed a multi-source composite adulteration data system: based on a handheld NIR spectrometer, multiple types and brands of wheat flour and common adulterants (cassava flour, gypsum powder, talcum powder) were systematically collected, and samples were selected for modeling and heterologous testing according to the weighted similarity (WS) criterion, preserving spectral diversity while controlling experimental costs. In conjunction with the proposed lightweight multi-task deep learning (DL) model Adulterated Flour Unmixing Net Multitask (AFUNet-MT), end-to-end joint analysis of adulteration types and component abundances was achieved. Compared with traditional machine learning (ML) methods and State-of-the-art (SOTA) DL models, AFUNet-MT exhibited superior comprehensive performance in 5-fold cross-validation: the classification accuracy reached 0.9816 ± 0.0036, and the overall R² value of component abundance prediction reached 0.9564 ± 0.0059. In heterologous testing composed of edge brands, AFUNet-MT still maintained a classification accuracy of 0.9560 ± 0.0021 and an abundance estimation R² value of 0.8992 ± 0.0050, with a residual predictive deviation (RPD) value of up to 5.7695, fully demonstrating its generalization ability and stability under cross-brand and cross-category adulteration. Regarding computational performance analysis, the proposed model exhibited low memory and high sample throughput per unit time, thereby furnishing practical technical support for embedded deployment with handheld NIR devices and rapid screening in agricultural field applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 122881"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146184542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-14DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122901
Tao Huang , Yawen Dai , Mingwei Zhu , Yuxiao Wang , Liyong Sun , Shuxian Li
Adventitious root (AR) formation is the primary bottleneck limiting the clonal propagation of Sapium sebiferum, a multi-purpose tree with high-value seed oil and medicinal metabolites. Here, we integrated morpho-anatomical profiling, endogenous carbohydrate dynamics and high-resolution transcriptomics to uncover the molecular framework underlying AR induction by the synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Four developmental checkpoints (0, 7, 14 and 21 d after cutting, DAC) were resolved, revealing that NAA triggered a “mixed” rooting pattern originating from both callus and vascular cambium. During the early induction phase, starch was rapidly hydrolyzed, leading to a > 2-fold increase in soluble sugars that fuelled primordium initiation; this metabolic switch persisted until 21 DAC. RNA-seq identified 6991 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across rooting stages, with the induction stage exhibiting the largest transcriptional reprogramming (3963 DEGs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) pinpointed a turquoise module positively correlated with starch content and a blue module associated with soluble sugars, together harbouring 62 core genes of the starch/sucrose metabolism pathway. Among these, ten hub genes—including glgC, otsB, TPS, BMY and bglB—were proposed as key regulators linking auxin-driven signalling to carbohydrate reallocation. qRT-PCR validated the expression dynamics of nine hub genes (R² ≥ 0.83). We propose a stage-specific model in which NAA accelerates AR formation through transcriptional reprogramming of carbon partitioning, providing gene targets to overcome rooting recalcitrance in S. sebiferum and other hardwood species.
{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of adventitious root formation in Sapium sebiferum: Insights from endogenous carbohydrate content analysis and transcriptome sequencing","authors":"Tao Huang , Yawen Dai , Mingwei Zhu , Yuxiao Wang , Liyong Sun , Shuxian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adventitious root (AR) formation is the primary bottleneck limiting the clonal propagation of <em>Sapium sebiferum</em>, a multi-purpose tree with high-value seed oil and medicinal metabolites. Here, we integrated morpho-anatomical profiling, endogenous carbohydrate dynamics and high-resolution transcriptomics to uncover the molecular framework underlying AR induction by the synthetic auxin 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Four developmental checkpoints (0, 7, 14 and 21 d after cutting, DAC) were resolved, revealing that NAA triggered a “mixed” rooting pattern originating from both callus and vascular cambium. During the early induction phase, starch was rapidly hydrolyzed, leading to a > 2-fold increase in soluble sugars that fuelled primordium initiation; this metabolic switch persisted until 21 DAC. RNA-seq identified 6991 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across rooting stages, with the induction stage exhibiting the largest transcriptional reprogramming (3963 DEGs). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) pinpointed a turquoise module positively correlated with starch content and a blue module associated with soluble sugars, together harbouring 62 core genes of the starch/sucrose metabolism pathway. Among these, ten hub genes—including <em>glgC</em>, <em>otsB</em>, <em>TPS</em>, <em>BMY</em> and <em>bglB</em>—were proposed as key regulators linking auxin-driven signalling to carbohydrate reallocation. qRT-PCR validated the expression dynamics of nine hub genes (R² ≥ 0.83). We propose a stage-specific model in which NAA accelerates AR formation through transcriptional reprogramming of carbon partitioning, providing gene targets to overcome rooting recalcitrance in <em>S. sebiferum</em> and other hardwood species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"242 ","pages":"Article 122901"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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