Industrial Crops and Products最新文献_第6页

Melatonin-mediated alleviation of drought stress via modulation of physio-biochemical and soil bacterial community structure in Diospyros lotus L. 褪黑素通过调节莲子的生理生化和土壤细菌群落结构来缓解干旱胁迫

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120002

Peng Zhang , Xinhui Lyu , Yi Hu , Ruijin Zhou , Fengge Hao , Huiling Hu , Dongmei Lang

Diospyros lotus L., cultivated for both its edible and medicinal qualities, frequently experiences drought stress during the growth phase. Tryptophan-derived melatonin effectively enhances drought resistance in plants. However, the role of melatonin in the tolerance of D. lotus to drought stress as well as recovery after droughts stress elimination remains unclear. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms by which melatonin alleviates D. lotus drought stress and recovery. Melatonin significantly reduced reactive oxygen species levels and alleviated the inhibitory effect of drought stress by activating the antioxidant system. Melatonin influences pathways related to sugar metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis, which may facilitate plant recovery from drought stress. Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that melatonin induced genes and metabolites associated with sugar metabolism (Cluster-28045.33805, Cluster-28045.59949, Cluster-28045.59252, Cluster-28045.54252, Cluster-28045.44982, fructose, l-threose, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate), facilitating plant recovery from drought. Differentially enriched microorganisms suggest that melatonin induces plants to recruit potentially beneficial microorganisms (such as Skermanella, Nocardioides, Ralstonia, and Rhodococcus), which enhances drought tolerance and recovery. Integrative analysis of the microbiome and metabolome suggests that a unique metabolite, 3-hydroxy-butanoic acid, which was induced significantly by melatonin, may play a vital role in attracting beneficial microorganisms to facilitate drought stress resistance. Our results demonstrate that melatonin enhances D. lotus recovery from drought by recruiting beneficial microorganisms, thereby boosting both transcriptomic and physiological resilience. Our findings aim to mitigate the impact of drought on agricultural production.

莲子（Diospyros lotus L.）因其食用和药用价值而被栽培，在生长阶段经常会遇到干旱胁迫。色氨酸衍生的褪黑激素能有效增强植物的抗旱能力。然而，褪黑激素在荷花对干旱胁迫的耐受性以及干旱胁迫消除后的恢复中的作用仍不清楚。本研究探讨了褪黑激素缓解荷花干旱胁迫和恢复的内在机制。褪黑激素通过激活抗氧化系统，明显降低了活性氧水平，减轻了干旱胁迫的抑制作用。褪黑激素影响与糖代谢和类黄酮生物合成相关的途径，这可能会促进植物从干旱胁迫中恢复。转录组和代谢组的综合分析表明，褪黑激素诱导与糖代谢相关的基因和代谢产物（28045.33805、28045.59949、28045.59252、28045.59252、28045.4442982、果糖、l-苏氨酸和甘油醛-3-磷酸），促进植物从干旱中恢复。微生物的差异富集表明，褪黑激素诱导植物招募潜在的有益微生物（如Skermanella、Nocardioides、Ralstonia和Rhodococcus），从而增强了耐旱性和恢复能力。对微生物组和代谢组的综合分析表明，褪黑激素能显著诱导一种独特的代谢物--3-羟基丁酸，它可能在吸引有益微生物以促进抗旱方面发挥着重要作用。我们的研究结果表明，褪黑激素通过吸引有益微生物来增强荷花从干旱中恢复的能力，从而提高转录组和生理恢复能力。我们的研究结果旨在减轻干旱对农业生产的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the esterification-induced inhibition in enzymatic saccharification of corn stover pretreated with carboxylic-acid based deep eutectic solvent 研究用羧酸类深共晶溶剂预处理玉米秸秆的酶法糖化过程中酯化诱导的抑制作用

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120031

Liyi Zhang , Guangyong Zeng , Benkun Qi , Jianquan Luo , Yinhua Wan

Choline chloride-lactic acid, a common carboxylic acid-based deep eutectic solvent (DES), was used to pretreat corn stover (CS). Despite significant lignin and xylan removal, enzymatic cellulose conversion remained below 30 %, only slightly higher than untreated CS. Structural characterization confirmed esterification between the CS's hydroxyl groups and lactic acid during pretreatment. A brief 5-min saponification effectively removed these ester groups, leading to a 1.08-, 2.75-, and 2.50-fold increase in 48-h cellulose hydrolysis for 2-, 5-, and 8-h DES-pretreated samples, respectively. Analysis of chemical composition, surface morphology, crystallinity, and degree of polymerization revealed that these factors did not contribute to the enhanced hydrolysis observed in the saponified samples. This study concludes that saponification-induced de-esterification is the key factor driving the significant increase in enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis, highlighting the detrimental impact of esterification occurring during carboxylic acid-based DES pretreatment on subsequent cellulose saccharification.

氯化胆碱-乳酸是一种常见的基于羧酸的深共晶溶剂（DES），用于预处理玉米秸秆（CS）。尽管木质素和木聚糖被大量去除，但酶纤维素转化率仍低于 30%，仅略高于未经处理的 CS。结构表征证实，在预处理过程中，CS 的羟基与乳酸之间发生了酯化反应。短暂的 5 分钟皂化可有效去除这些酯基，从而使经过 2、5 和 8 小时 DES 预处理的样品在 48 小时内的纤维素水解率分别提高了 1.08、2.75 和 2.50 倍。对化学成分、表面形态、结晶度和聚合度的分析表明，皂化样品中观察到的水解作用增强与这些因素无关。本研究的结论是，皂化诱导的去酯化作用是促使酶促纤维素水解作用显著增加的关键因素，突出了在基于羧酸的 DES 预处理过程中发生的酯化作用对后续纤维素糖化作用的不利影响。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrophobic and decay-resistant green building wood modified by aromatic aldehydes based on Schiff base 基于席夫碱的芳香醛改性疏水防腐绿色建筑木材

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120041

Zhenju Bi , Xinqi Gao , Zhencui Bi , Li Yan , Yafang Lei , Chan Li

The wood used for construction should be able to cope with complex environments, especially water and decay fungi. To enhance the wood’s decay resistance and hydrophobicity, aromatic aldehydes such as vanillin, cinnamaldehyde, syringaldehyde, or protocatechualdehyde were grafted onto wood. The poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.) wood was impregnated with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) to aminate its cell wall, and then aromatic aldehydes were grafted onto the aminated wood through a Schiff base reaction. The findings indicated that this technique enhanced the leaching resistance of aromatic aldehydes in the wood. Furthermore, the durability level of wood grafted by vanillin or cinnamaldehyde was very durable (mass loss<5 %) even after the leaching test. Modified wood has hydrophobicity, manifested by strong anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), low equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and high water contact angle (>90°, air-dried) in 65 % relative humidity and saturated environments. The characterization of modified wood and its model compounds indicated that aromatic aldehydes were grafted onto the hydroxyl groups of wood through Schiff base under the mediation of APTES. This study obtained an outdoor green building wood with hydrophobic and decay resistance for outdoor use and expanded the application of aromatic aldehydes in wood.

建筑用木材应能应对复杂的环境，尤其是水和腐朽真菌。为了增强木材的抗腐性和疏水性，芳香醛（如香兰素、肉桂醛、丁香醛或原儿茶醛）被嫁接到木材上。用（3-氨基丙基）三乙氧基硅烷（APTES）浸渍杨木，使其细胞壁氨基化，然后通过席夫碱反应将芳香醛接枝到氨基化的木材上。研究结果表明，这种技术提高了木材中芳香醛的抗浸出性。此外，经香兰素或肉桂醛接枝的木材即使在浸出试验后，其耐久性水平也非常高（质量损失<5 %）。改性木材具有疏水性，在相对湿度为 65% 和饱和的环境中，表现为较强的抗膨胀效率（ASE）、较低的平衡含水率（EMC）和较高的水接触角（90°，风干）。改性木材及其模型化合物的表征表明，在 APTES 的介导下，芳香醛通过希夫碱接枝到木材的羟基上。该研究获得了一种具有憎水性和防腐性的户外绿色建筑木材，扩大了芳香醛在木材中的应用。

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引用次数: 0

Scallop-inspired of multi-bond network protein adhesive with excellent bonding strength, mildew resistance and flame retardancy 扇贝灵感来源于多键网络蛋白质粘合剂，具有出色的粘合强度、防霉性和阻燃性

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120006

Chao Ma , Jie Wei , Bowen An , Yilei Han , Pusen Cao , Shifeng Zhang , Yuxia Chen , Yong Guo

Designing sustainable natural biomass adhesives with high bonding performance (particularly cold-pressing bonding strength) while maintaining excellent coating, mildew resistance, and flame-retardant properties is important for developing formaldehyde-free wood adhesives. Inspired by the wet adhesion system of scallops, we developed a novel bionic soybean meal (SM) adhesive with excellent bonding strength. In this adhesive system, keratin (KT) acts as a source of disulfide bonds (S–S) contributing formation/exchange donor, while Fe³⁺ ions formed dynamic coordination bonds with carboxyl groups and tannic acid, resulting in strong adhesion. The multiple crosslinking network system synergistically enhanced the adhesion, resulting in a cold-pressing bonding strength of 582.4 kPa, which is an improvement of 171.3 %. The dry and wet bonding strength was 3.19 MPa and 1.34 MPa, which was increased to 73.4 % and 97.1 % compared to the SM adhesive, respectively. Additionally, the adhesive exhibited desirable mildew resistance (under storage for 15 days) and superior flame resistance, which was attributed to the synergistic inhibition by the metal cations and phenolic hydroxyl groups. The design of this bionic system offers a novel approach for developing environmentally friendly wood adhesives.

设计具有高粘合性能（尤其是冷压粘合强度）的可持续天然生物质粘合剂，同时保持优异的涂层、防霉和阻燃性能，对于开发无甲醛木材粘合剂非常重要。受扇贝湿粘合系统的启发，我们开发出了一种具有出色粘合强度的新型仿生豆粕（SM）粘合剂。在这种粘合剂体系中，角蛋白（KT）是二硫键（S-S）的形成源/交换供体，而 Fe3+ 离子则与羧基和单宁酸形成动态配位键，从而产生强大的粘合力。多重交联网络系统协同增强了粘合力，使冷压粘合强度达到 582.4 kPa，提高了 171.3%。干湿粘合强度分别为 3.19 兆帕和 1.34 兆帕，与 SM 粘合剂相比分别提高了 73.4% 和 97.1%。此外，该粘合剂还表现出理想的防霉性（存放 15 天）和优异的阻燃性，这归功于金属阳离子和酚羟基的协同抑制作用。这种仿生系统的设计为开发环保型木材粘合剂提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of drying technology on the physical, rehydration, flavor, and allicin content of single-clove garlic 干燥技术对单瓣大蒜的物理、再水化、风味和大蒜素含量的影响

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120020

Yongkang Xie , Junjun Geng , Junhao Han , Zhijiang Wang , Yan Zhao , Hui Yang , Ping Li

This study aimed to investigate the effect of vacuum-freeze drying (VFD), hot-air drying (HAD), heat-pump drying (HPD), far-infrared combined-heat-pump drying (FI-HPD), medium- and short-infrared radiation (IR) drying (MSIRD) on drying characteristics, rehydration, color, microstructure, flavor, and texture of single-clove garlic slices. Herein, MSIRD presented the shortest drying time, the fastest decrease in moisture content, and a markedly higher drying rate than those of other treatment groups. Furthermore, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results showed that MSIRD could quickly and effectively remove moisture from garlic slices, especially free-flowing water. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed the uniformly distributed porous structure on the surface of HPD and MSIRD tissues and their good rehydration ability. Compared with fresh garlic slices, the brightness of dried garlic slices considerably increased; however, medium- and short-infrared waves caused the garlic slices to turn brown, resulting in a noticeable yellowing of the surface. In total, 51 volatile compounds (including 9 alcohols, 6 aldehydes, 9 ketones, 2 acids, 7 esters, and 18 other types) were identified in garlic slices through gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) analysis. Among them, 28 substances were common components of five drying treatments. Butyl acetate and ethyl valerate were characteristic flavor compounds of garlic after high-temperature treatment. Furan and other substances with caramel and sweetness were found in the VFD group, which formed the characteristic aroma components of freeze-dried garlic slices. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that drying temperature considerably affected the flavor of garlic. Altogether, this study provides a new approach to using infrared technology for garlic drying.

本研究旨在探讨真空冷冻干燥（VFD）、热风干燥（HAD）、热泵干燥（HPD）、远红外联合热泵干燥（FI-HPD）、中短红外辐射干燥（MSIRD）对单瓣蒜片的干燥特性、复水、颜色、微观结构、风味和质地的影响。其中，MSIRD 的干燥时间最短，水分含量下降最快，干燥速率明显高于其他处理组。此外，核磁共振（NMR）结果表明，MSIRD 能快速有效地去除大蒜片中的水分，尤其是自由流动的水分。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）结果显示，HPD 和 MSIRD 组织表面均匀分布着多孔结构，具有良好的再水化能力。与新鲜蒜片相比，干蒜片的亮度明显提高，但中波和短波红外波会使蒜片变黄，导致蒜片表面明显变黄。通过气相色谱-离子迁移谱（GC-IMS）分析，共鉴定出大蒜片中的 51 种挥发性化合物（包括 9 种醇、6 种醛、9 种酮、2 种酸、7 种酯和 18 种其他类型）。其中，28 种物质是五种干燥处理的常见成分。乙酸丁酯和戊酸乙酯是大蒜经高温处理后的特征风味化合物。在 VFD 组中发现了呋喃和其他具有焦糖和甜味的物质，这些物质构成了冻干大蒜片的特征香气成分。主成分分析表明，干燥温度对大蒜的风味有很大影响。总之，这项研究为利用红外线技术干燥大蒜提供了一种新方法。

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引用次数: 0

Waste wood tar based porous carbon electrodes for supercapacitors with excellent performances through condensation cross-linking modification 通过缩合交联改性，用于超级电容器的废木焦油基多孔碳电极具有卓越性能

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120036

Hao Zheng, Xiliang Chen, Zhengchun Cai, Bo Fu, Haian Xia

Wood tar is an unavoidable by-product during a slow-pyrolysis process of biomass, which is usually discarded as a waste and results in environment pollution. Recently, wood tar has been used as a starting material for carbon electrodes because of its thermoplasticity and high carbon content. However, wood tar is mainly composed of various light phenolic molecules, which usually leads to a low carbonization yield after carbonization and an inferior electrochemical performance after activation. In this work, in order to improve the carbonization rate and electrochemical performance of these materials, wood tar was first condensed and crosslinked with formaldehyde and urea via a condensation reaction to produce condensed macromolecular resins, which were then carbonized at 550°C and activated with KOH at 800°C to prepare high-performance nitrogen-doped carbon electrodes for supercapacitors. The samples possess high carbonization yield, large specific surface area (3515.1 m²g⁻¹) and moderate nitrogen content (1.11 %). The high-performance carbon electrodes fabricated by this method achieves a high capacitance of 437.8 F g⁻¹ (6 M KOH electrolyte) at 1 A/g⁻¹. The assembled supercapacitor has an energy density of 13.41 Wh kg⁻¹ at a power density of 124.93 W kg⁻¹. And the capacitance retention was essentially 100 % after 10000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹. The study presents an innovative strategy for the production of porous carbon for supercapacitors using wood tar and improves carbonization yield via condensation cross-linking modification.

木焦油是生物质缓慢热解过程中不可避免的副产品，通常作为废物丢弃，造成环境污染。最近，木焦油因其热塑性和高含碳量而被用作碳电极的起始材料。然而，木焦油主要由各种轻酚分子组成，这通常会导致碳化后的碳化率较低，活化后的电化学性能较差。在这项工作中，为了提高这些材料的碳化率和电化学性能，首先将木焦油与甲醛和尿素通过缩合反应进行缩合交联，生成缩合大分子树脂，然后在 550°C 下进行碳化，并在 800°C 下用 KOH 进行活化，制备出用于超级电容器的高性能掺氮碳电极。样品具有较高的碳化率、较大的比表面积（3515.1 m2g-1）和适中的氮含量（1.11 %）。用这种方法制造的高性能碳电极在 1 A/g-1 的条件下可获得 437.8 F g-1 的高电容（6 M KOH 电解液）。组装后的超级电容器在功率密度为 124.93 W kg-1 时的能量密度为 13.41 Wh kg-1。在 5 A g-1 条件下循环 10000 次后，电容保持率基本达到 100%。该研究提出了一种利用木焦油生产超级电容器用多孔碳的创新策略，并通过冷凝交联改性提高了碳化率。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of Camellia oleifera shell via taurine prehydrolysis coupled treatment with hydrated deep eutectic solvent 通过牛磺酸预水解和水合深共晶溶剂处理实现油茶果壳的价值化

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120001

Xichuang Cheng , Chi Feng , Hua-Min Liu , Leping Zhang , Li Ji , Kun Wang , Jianxin Jiang

The rapid advancement of the Camellia oleifera industry has resulted in a substantial generation of by-products in the form of Camellia oleifera shells (COS). COS exhibits a well-defined mesoporous structure and a high hemicellulose content, rendering it an ideal raw material for the production of xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS). Current biorefinery strategies aimed to produce XOS using organic acids primarily focused on the enhancement of XOS yield, while overlooking the specific functionalities that these organic acids contribute to the XOS products. Herein, taurine was employed to hydrolyze COS for the production of XOS. Subsequently, the taurine-hydrolyzed COS was treated using a hydrated deep eutectic solvent (DES) composed of maleic acid and choline chloride. The XOS with a degree of polymerization ranging from 2 to 6 (XOSDP2–6) yield reached a remarkable 56.4 % at 170 °C/30 min/0.2 M taurine, and the taurine-containing XOS demonstrated favorable biological safety and amelioration of developmental toxicity as determined by the zebrafish model. Then, the hydrated DES effectively removed lignin from taurine-hydrolyzed COS, leading to the generation of lignin with upgraded characteristics, including carboxylation. Finally, the two-step treated COS achieved a 92.5 % of cellulose conversion rate with a low cellulase dosage. The proposed biorefinery strategy facilitates the comprehensive and efficient utilization of COS.

油茶产业的快速发展产生了大量以油茶果壳（COS）为形式的副产品。COS 具有明确的中孔结构和较高的半纤维素含量，是生产木寡糖（XOS）的理想原料。目前利用有机酸生产 XOS 的生物精炼策略主要侧重于提高 XOS 的产量，而忽略了这些有机酸对 XOS 产品所具有的特殊功能。在这里，牛磺酸被用来水解 COS 以生产 XOS。随后，使用由马来酸和氯化胆碱组成的水合深共晶溶剂（DES）处理牛磺酸水解的 COS。在 170 °C/30 分钟/0.2 M 牛磺酸条件下，聚合度为 2 至 6 的 XOS（XOSDP2-6）的产率达到了 56.4%，而且经斑马鱼模型测定，含牛磺酸的 XOS 具有良好的生物安全性和改善发育毒性的作用。然后，水合 DES 能有效去除牛磺酸水解 COS 中的木质素，生成具有升级特性（包括羧基化）的木质素。最后，经过两步处理的 COS 以较低的纤维素酶用量实现了 92.5% 的纤维素转化率。所提出的生物精炼策略有助于综合、高效地利用 COS。

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引用次数: 0

Molten salt activation combined with in-situ surface graphitization towards wood-derived self-supporting carbon electrodes with high volumetric specific capacity for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors 熔盐活化与原位表面石墨化相结合，为锌-离子混合超级电容器开发具有高体积比容量的木质自支撑碳电极

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.120047

Junjie Wei , Fan Wang , Xinyue Zheng , Yuxin Wang , Jinpeng Wang , Yu Liu , Junjie Du , Xin Zheng , Sai Wu , Yajun Pang , Zhehong Shen , Hao Chen

Despite significant advancements in enhancing the gravimetric and areal specific capacities of carbon electrodes for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs), the attainment of a high volumetric specific capacity remains a pivotal challenge. This research suggests an innovative method to boost the volumetric specific capacity of carbon electrodes by constructing self-supporting carbon electrodes derived from wood. The process involves a synergistic application of molten salt activation and in-situ surface graphitization. Specifically, pine wood (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.) undergoes initial carbonization, followed by treatment with a molten salt electrolyte, generating a carbon material distinguished by a penetrating channel structure, a rich micro-mesoporous network, and distinct characteristics such as self-support and surface graphitization. These qualities contribute to a significant increase in the volumetric specific capacity of the resultant carbon electrode, achieving up to 26.3 mAh cm^–3 at 2 mA cm^–2, surpassing commercial activated carbon and analogous materials in ZHSC applications. Additionally, a coin-cell ZHSC utilizing this innovative carbon electrode demonstrates exceptional performance, reaching up to 5.6 mAh or 12.6 F per individual ZHSC, equivalent to 12.5 F cm^–3 by volume. This performance not only outperforms commercial coin-cell supercapacitors but also aligns closely with the performance metrics of certain commercial coin-cell aqueous batteries. This approach provides a viable solution for augmenting the volumetric specific capacity of carbon electrodes in ZHSCs.

尽管在提高锌离子混合超级电容器（ZHSCs）碳电极的重量比容量和面积比容量方面取得了重大进展，但实现高体积比容量仍是一项关键挑战。本研究提出了一种创新方法，通过构建木材自支撑碳电极来提高碳电极的体积比容量。这一过程涉及熔盐活化和原位表面石墨化的协同应用。具体来说，松木（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.）经过初始碳化，然后用熔盐电解液处理，生成的碳材料具有穿透性通道结构、丰富的微多孔网络以及自支撑和表面石墨化等显著特征。这些特性显著提高了碳电极的体积比容量，在 2 mA cm-2 时可达到 26.3 mAh cm-3，超过了商用活性炭和 ZHSC 应用中的类似材料。此外，使用这种创新型碳电极的纽扣电池 ZHSC 也表现出卓越的性能，每个 ZHSC 可达到 5.6 mAh 或 12.6 F，按体积计算相当于 12.5 F cm-3。这一性能不仅优于商用纽扣电池超级电容器，而且与某些商用纽扣电池水电池的性能指标非常接近。这种方法为提高 ZHSC 中碳电极的体积比容量提供了可行的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

One-step simultaneous and efficient extraction of multiple active compounds from Lycium barbarum by aqueous three-phase system: Focusing on polysaccharides 水三相系统一步法同时高效提取枸杞中的多种活性化合物：聚焦多糖

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119973

Bin Jiang, Jiaming Wang, Yu Feng, Xinhao Fu, Hongshen Yue, Dongmei Li, Chunhong Liu, Zhibiao Feng

In the past few years, the aqueous three-phase system (A3PS) has attracted a lot of attention due to its effectiveness in the efficient separation. Polysaccharides, carotenoids and polyphenols were separated simultaneously from Lycium barbarum by an aqueous three-phase system (A3PS) formed by acetonitrile/betaine/K₂HPO₄ as a novel extraction technique. The system is characterized by small amount of machine reagents, few consumables and simple extraction steps. The effects of acetonitrile, betaine and K₂HPO₄ concentrations on the extraction efficiency were investigated by Response Surface Methodology. The optimum composition of A3PS were 26.2 % (w/w) acetonitrile, 10.2 % (w/w) betaine and 27.6 % (w/w) K₂HPO₄. Under this condition, the extraction efficiencies of carotenoids, polyphenols, and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) were 42.12±0.10 %, 88.61±0.95 % and 84.63±0.46 %, respectively. The obtained LBP was characterized by several technologies. The LBP was proved to consist of mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose and fucose in a proportion of 4.14:0.80:4.00:4.43:22.20:39.9:12.44:3.22:8.46:0.41. The molecular weight of LBP was 12554 Da. In addition, LBP exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. In general, as a rapid developing method of extraction and separation, A3PS had potential application in the simultaneous separation of multiple substances.

在过去的几年中，水相三相体系（A3PS）因其高效的分离效果而备受关注。本研究采用乙腈/甜菜碱/K2HPO4组成的水相三相体系（A3PS）作为一种新型萃取技术，同时分离了枸杞中的多糖、类胡萝卜素和多酚。该系统具有机器试剂用量少、耗材少、萃取步骤简单等特点。采用响应面法研究了乙腈、甜菜碱和 K2HPO4 浓度对萃取效率的影响。A3PS 的最佳成分为 26.2 %（重量比）乙腈、10.2 %（重量比）甜菜碱和 27.6 %（重量比）K2HPO4。在此条件下，类胡萝卜素、多酚和枸杞多糖（LBP）的提取率分别为 42.12±0.10%、88.61±0.95% 和 84.63±0.46%。所获得的枸杞多糖通过多种技术进行了表征。经证实，枸杞多糖由甘露糖、核糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和岩藻糖组成，其比例为 4.14:0.80:4.00:4.43:22.20:39.9:12.44:3.22:8.46:0.41。枸杞多糖的分子量为 12554 Da。此外，枸杞多糖还具有优异的抗氧化活性。总之，作为一种快速发展的萃取和分离方法，A3PS 在同时分离多种物质方面具有潜在的应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Acidified biochar one-off application for saline-alkali soil improvement: A three-year field trial evaluating the persistence of effects 一次性施用酸化生物炭改良盐碱地：为期三年的实地试验：评估效果的持续性

IF 5.6 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Industrial Crops and Products

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119972

Ronghao Guan , Yi Li , Yonglin Jia , Fuchang Jiang , Liwei Li

Salinization is a global soil degradation issue threatening agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Native biochar is a promising soil amendment, but its high alkalinity limits its use in saline-alkali lands. Acidified biochar, with a lower pH, is theoretically more suitable. This study aims to evaluate the persistence of effects of acidified biochar one-off application on soil particle size distribution, physicochemical properties, water retention, temperature regulation, and evaporation conditions of saline-alkali soil, thereby verifying its feasibility and exploring the optimal application range. We conducted a three-year cotton field experiment using palm fruit branch biochar as the raw material, acidified with ferrous sulfate, which involved four biochar applications (0, 10, 20, and 30 t ha⁻¹) and four irrigation quotas (60 %, 80 %, 100 % and 120 % ET_c). The results indicated that the initial acidified biochar application slightly increased surface soil (0–20 cm) pH by 0.1 %–3.9 %, this negative effect was nearly eliminated by the third year. Biochar application significantly altered surface soil particle size distribution, increasing sand content by 1.6 %–8.4 %, and persistently improved soil hydraulic properties, with water holding capacity still showing a 6.5 %–16.7 % increase in the third year. Biochar enhanced soil thermal insulation and suppressed soil evaporation, but these benefits gradually diminished with increasing cultivation years. Acidified biochar effectiveness was closely linked to irrigation quota. Significant differences in soil water and heat indicators were observed between the 20 and 30 t ha⁻¹ biochar treatments only under low irrigation quotas. Under sufficient irrigation (100 % and 120 % ET_c), the optimal biochar application range was 15–20 t ha⁻¹, while under low irrigation (60 % and 80 % ET_c), the optimal range was 20–25 t ha⁻¹. This study demonstrated that acidified biochar one-off application has significant multi-year benefits in improving soil structure and hydrothermal properties, providing a scientific basis for the improvement and sustainable utilization of saline-alkali soil.

盐碱化是一个全球性的土壤退化问题，威胁着农业生产力和环境的可持续发展。本地生物炭是一种很有前景的土壤改良剂，但其高碱度限制了它在盐碱地的使用。理论上，pH 值较低的酸化生物炭更为适合。本研究旨在评估一次性施用酸化生物炭对盐碱地土壤粒径分布、理化性质、保水性、温度调节和蒸发条件的持续影响，从而验证其可行性并探索最佳施用范围。我们以用硫酸亚铁酸化的棕榈果枝生物炭为原料，进行了为期三年的棉花田间试验，包括四次生物炭施用量（0、10、20 和 30 吨/公顷-1）和四次灌溉配额（60%、80%、100% 和 120% ETc）。结果表明，最初施用的酸化生物炭会使表层土壤（0-20 厘米）的 pH 值略微升高 0.1%-3.9%，这种负面影响在第三年几乎消失。生物炭的施用大大改变了表层土壤的粒径分布，使含沙量增加了 1.6 %-8.4 %，并持续改善了土壤的水力特性，持水量在第三年仍然增加了 6.5 %-16.7 %。生物炭提高了土壤隔热性并抑制了土壤蒸发，但这些益处随着种植年限的增加而逐渐减弱。酸化生物炭的效果与灌溉配额密切相关。只有在灌溉配额较低的情况下，20 t ha-¹ 和 30 t ha-¹ 生物炭处理的土壤水分和热量指标才会出现显著差异。在充足灌溉条件下（100 % 和 120 % ETc），生物炭的最佳施用范围为 15-20 吨/公顷-¹，而在低灌溉条件下（60 % 和 80 % ETc），最佳施用范围为 20-25 吨/公顷-¹。该研究表明，一次性施用酸化生物炭在改善土壤结构和水热性质方面具有显著的多年效益，为盐碱地的改良和可持续利用提供了科学依据。

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引用次数: 0