Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123061
Kazi Md Yasin Arafat, Munmun Basak, Stephen C. Agwuncha, Karthik Ananth Mani, Margaret Bloomquist, Ilona Peszlen, Jeanine Davis, Lucian Lucia, Hasan Jameel, Lokendra Pal
The growing demand for sustainable packaging materials has increased interest in agro-residue biomass, particularly industrial hemp, as an alternative to conventional fossil-based materials. Freshly harvested, unretted hemp stalks (Cannabis sativa L.) collected at 6 (early), 8 (mid), and 10 (late) weeks of growth were pulped using soda and Alcell organosolv processes, followed by three levels of refining. Compositional analysis, together with microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), revealed that hemp stem morphology and the spatial distribution of lignin and carbohydrates varied markedly between early and late growth stages. Early-harvested stalks contained a higher proportion of bast fibers and less xylem, whereas late-harvested stalks exhibited thicker cell walls and higher lignin content. Soda pulping achieved greater delignification but lower yields than Alcell, with maximum values of 54% yield and a kappa number of 74 for late-harvested stalks, compared with 68% yield and a kappa number of 98 for Alcell organosolv pulp. Packaging handsheets (120 g/m2) produced from soda pulps showed better mechanical properties compared with those prepared from Alcell organosolv pulps. Among all samples, soda pulps derived from mid-harvested stalks demonstrated the highest mechanical properties, with a tensile index of 72.3 Nm/g and a burst index of 3.8 kPa·m2/g. These results indicate that unretted hemp stalks harvested at 8–10 weeks, when combined with an appropriate pulping strategy, offer a shortened and effective pathway to high-performance pulp fibers for packaging such as containerboard and other applications.
{"title":"Optimization of industrial hemp production: Influence of stalk maturity on composition, structure, and processing for sustainable packaging","authors":"Kazi Md Yasin Arafat, Munmun Basak, Stephen C. Agwuncha, Karthik Ananth Mani, Margaret Bloomquist, Ilona Peszlen, Jeanine Davis, Lucian Lucia, Hasan Jameel, Lokendra Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123061","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demand for sustainable packaging materials has increased interest in agro-residue biomass, particularly industrial hemp, as an alternative to conventional fossil-based materials. Freshly harvested, unretted hemp stalks (<em>Cannabis sativa L.</em>) collected at 6 (early), 8 (mid), and 10 (late) weeks of growth were pulped using soda and Alcell organosolv processes, followed by three levels of refining. Compositional analysis, together with microscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), revealed that hemp stem morphology and the spatial distribution of lignin and carbohydrates varied markedly between early and late growth stages. Early-harvested stalks contained a higher proportion of bast fibers and less xylem, whereas late-harvested stalks exhibited thicker cell walls and higher lignin content. Soda pulping achieved greater delignification but lower yields than Alcell, with maximum values of 54% yield and a kappa number of 74 for late-harvested stalks, compared with 68% yield and a kappa number of 98 for Alcell organosolv pulp. Packaging handsheets (120 g/m<sup>2</sup>) produced from soda pulps showed better mechanical properties compared with those prepared from Alcell organosolv pulps. Among all samples, soda pulps derived from mid-harvested stalks demonstrated the highest mechanical properties, with a tensile index of 72.3 Nm/g and a burst index of 3.8 kPa·m<sup>2</sup>/g. These results indicate that unretted hemp stalks harvested at 8–10 weeks, when combined with an appropriate pulping strategy, offer a shortened and effective pathway to high-performance pulp fibers for packaging such as containerboard and other applications.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123070
Yao Yao, Hao Zhang, Sha Cao, Xinrui Qi, Bing Liu, Xiuyun Wang, Yiping Xia, Hong Zhou
Rhododendron spp. ranks among China’s top ten traditional ornamentals, yet cultivar innovation remains limited by germplasm redundancy. We generated a multi-tissue transcriptome of Rhododendron × pulchrum, identified 5273 unigenes that contained SSR motifs, and developed 30 polymorphic EST-SSR markers (PIC = 0.56). These loci amplified 3–18 alleles each and displayed transferable amplification across three subgenera. Genotyping of 141 accessions revealed high diversity (Ho = 0.40, He = 0.60, I = 1.31) and six well-supported genetic clusters (STRUCTURE, NJ). An exploratory association mapping based on GLM and MLM detected eight SSR loci (A16, A272, A313, A345, A349, A353, A362, A363) significantly linked to flowering time, flower form and plant habit (P < 0.01). Functional annotation suggested that these loci are located within or near genes related to pollen-associated processes, providing plausible hypotheses for the observed associations. Using CoreFinder, PowerCore and CoreHunter, we compared diversity retention across subsets and selected a 28-accession core collection via CoreHunter. Allelic richness, Shannon’s index and phenotypic variance of the core set did not differ from the entire panel (P > 0.05), confirming its representativeness. These resources-the first EST-SSR kit with cross-subgenus transferability, putative trait-linked markers, and a validated core collection-provide a theoretical framework and foundational molecular resources for future genetic dissection and molecular breeding in Rhododendron.
杜鹃花属中国十大传统观赏植物，但品种创新仍受种质冗余的制约。构建了杜鹃（Rhododendron × pulchrum）的多组织转录组，鉴定出5273个含有SSR基序的单基因，并开发出30个EST-SSR多态性标记（PIC = 0.56）。这些基因座每个扩增3-18个等位基因，并在3个亚属中表现出可转移的扩增。141份材料的基因分型结果显示具有较高的多样性（Ho = 0.40, He = 0.60, I = 1.31）和6个支持良好的遗传聚类（STRUCTURE， NJ）。基于GLM和MLM的探索性关联图谱检测到8个SSR位点（A16、A272、A313、A345、A349、A353、A362、A363）与开花时间、花形和植物习性极显著相关（P <； 0.01）。功能注释表明，这些基因座位于花粉相关过程相关基因内或附近，为观察到的关联提供了合理的假设。使用CoreFinder、PowerCore和CoreHunter，我们比较了不同子集的多样性保留情况，并通过CoreHunter选择了28个加入的核心集合。核心组的等位基因丰富度、Shannon’s指数和表型方差与整个面板没有差异（P >； 0.05），证实了其代表性。这些资源-首个具有跨亚属可转移性的EST-SSR试剂盒，推测的性状连锁标记，以及经过验证的核心集合-为杜鹃花未来的遗传解剖和分子育种提供了理论框架和基础分子资源。
{"title":"Transcriptome-derived SSR markers uncover ornamental trait loci and establish a core collection for Rhododendron breeding","authors":"Yao Yao, Hao Zhang, Sha Cao, Xinrui Qi, Bing Liu, Xiuyun Wang, Yiping Xia, Hong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123070","url":null,"abstract":"<em>Rhododendron</em> spp. ranks among China’s top ten traditional ornamentals, yet cultivar innovation remains limited by germplasm redundancy. We generated a multi-tissue transcriptome of <em>Rhododendron × pulchrum</em>, identified 5273 unigenes that contained SSR motifs, and developed 30 polymorphic EST-SSR markers (<em>PIC</em> = 0.56). These loci amplified 3–18 alleles each and displayed transferable amplification across three subgenera. Genotyping of 141 accessions revealed high diversity (<em>Ho</em> = 0.40, <em>He</em> = 0.60, <em>I</em> = 1.31) and six well-supported genetic clusters (STRUCTURE, NJ). An exploratory association mapping based on GLM and MLM detected eight SSR loci (A16, A272, A313, A345, A349, A353, A362, A363) significantly linked to flowering time, flower form and plant habit (<em>P</em> < 0.01). Functional annotation suggested that these loci are located within or near genes related to pollen-associated processes, providing plausible hypotheses for the observed associations. Using CoreFinder, PowerCore and CoreHunter, we compared diversity retention across subsets and selected a 28-accession core collection via CoreHunter. Allelic richness, Shannon’s index and phenotypic variance of the core set did not differ from the entire panel (<em>P</em> > 0.05), confirming its representativeness. These resources-the first EST-SSR kit with cross-subgenus transferability, putative trait-linked markers, and a validated core collection-provide a theoretical framework and foundational molecular resources for future genetic dissection and molecular breeding in <em>Rhododendron</em>.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123069
Jie Cao, Jinyu Bao, Shimin Lan, Sheng Li, Shaoying Ma
Glucoraphanin (GRA), the primary aliphatic glucosinolate in broccoli, serves as the precursor to sulforaphane (SF), a compound widely recognized for its potent anticancer properties. Endophytic fungi, increasingly acknowledged as a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites, can modulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of plant-derived compounds. However, studies investigating the dynamic changes in host metabolite profiles during such fungal interactions remain scarce. Here, endophytic fungi isolated from broccoli were initially assessed for their GRA and SF content. These fungi were subsequently co-cultured with broccoli hairy roots to evaluate their effects on GRA and SF biosynthesis and accumulation. The dominant strain, EL-07 (Penicillium citrinum), significantly enhanced GRA and SF biosynthesis during the early co-culture phase (215.99% and 361.05%, respectively). Following successful colonization of hairy roots by P. citrinum, a CERK1-LYK5-mediated transition in the plant's immune/symbiotic status was associated with a marked decline in GRA and SF content. Furthermore, P. citrinum elicited oxidative stress and defense responses and upregulated the expression of genes involved in pathogen defense mechanisms, GRA and SF biosynthesis, and related transporters. Overall, co-culturing hairy roots with P. citrinum engages an “immunity-symbiosis” trade-off mechanism that effectively enhances both the intracellular accumulation and extracellular secretion of GRA and SF.
{"title":"Co-cultivation of broccoli endophytic fungi with broccoli hairy roots enhances accumulation of the anticancer compound sulforaphane and its precursor glucoraphanin","authors":"Jie Cao, Jinyu Bao, Shimin Lan, Sheng Li, Shaoying Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123069","url":null,"abstract":"Glucoraphanin (GRA), the primary aliphatic glucosinolate in broccoli, serves as the precursor to sulforaphane (SF), a compound widely recognized for its potent anticancer properties. Endophytic fungi, increasingly acknowledged as a valuable source of bioactive secondary metabolites, can modulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of plant-derived compounds. However, studies investigating the dynamic changes in host metabolite profiles during such fungal interactions remain scarce. Here, endophytic fungi isolated from broccoli were initially assessed for their GRA and SF content. These fungi were subsequently co-cultured with broccoli hairy roots to evaluate their effects on GRA and SF biosynthesis and accumulation. The dominant strain, EL-07 (<em>Penicillium citrinum</em>), significantly enhanced GRA and SF biosynthesis during the early co-culture phase (215.99% and 361.05%, respectively). Following successful colonization of hairy roots by <em>P. citrinum</em>, a CERK1-LYK5-mediated transition in the plant's immune/symbiotic status was associated with a marked decline in GRA and SF content. Furthermore, <em>P. citrinum</em> elicited oxidative stress and defense responses and upregulated the expression of genes involved in pathogen defense mechanisms, GRA and SF biosynthesis, and related transporters. Overall, co-culturing hairy roots with <em>P. citrinum</em> engages an “immunity-symbiosis” trade-off mechanism that effectively enhances both the intracellular accumulation and extracellular secretion of GRA and SF.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is a critical ecological and economic resource in subtropical Asia. However, monitoring its yield—specifically the successfully recruited new culms that determine economic returns—remains a major challenge due to the decoupling of canopy signals from the concealed, belowground shoot growth. This study addresses the critical observational gap between canopy signals and subsurface recruitment by developing and validating a multi-scale, satellite-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) fusion framework for the spatially explicit mapping of new bamboo culm yield. Initially, Sentinel-2 time series imagery was analyzed to capture biennial spectral signatures, thereby delineating on-year stands (potential recruitment zones) with high accuracy (overall accuracy >90%). Subsequently, within these zones, UAV multispectral data and a Refined Local Maximum algorithm precisely quantified individual mature bamboo density (R² = 0.81). A predictive model integrating the satellite-derived phenological mask (identifying on-year stands) with UAV-derived stand density was then developed and validated against independent field data. The model predicted the spatial distribution of new culms at a regional scale (R² = 0.72, RMSE = 1.8 culms per 100 m²). This study provides a scalable and mechanism-guided methodology for estimating bamboo recruitment yield, offering a transformative shift in management from reliance on visible cues towards predictive, quantitative planning. The framework is transferable to other clonal plant ecosystems with concealed belowground resource dynamics.
{"title":"A Satellite-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) fusion framework for spatially explicit mapping of new culm yield in Moso bamboo forests","authors":"Nan Li, Xinyu Chu, Tianqi Chen, Longwei Li, Mengyi Hu, Jing Ma, Shijun Zhang, Xiang Li, Yong Liang, Hong Wang, Tianzhen Wu, Wei Zhang, Cancan Yang, Yali Zhang, Donghua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123088","url":null,"abstract":"Moso bamboo (<em>Phyllostachys edulis</em>) is a critical ecological and economic resource in subtropical Asia. However, monitoring its yield—specifically the successfully recruited new culms that determine economic returns—remains a major challenge due to the decoupling of canopy signals from the concealed, belowground shoot growth. This study addresses the critical observational gap between canopy signals and subsurface recruitment by developing and validating a multi-scale, satellite-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) fusion framework for the spatially explicit mapping of new bamboo culm yield. Initially, Sentinel-2 time series imagery was analyzed to capture biennial spectral signatures, thereby delineating on-year stands (potential recruitment zones) with high accuracy (overall accuracy >90%). Subsequently, within these zones, UAV multispectral data and a Refined Local Maximum algorithm precisely quantified individual mature bamboo density (R² = 0.81). A predictive model integrating the satellite-derived phenological mask (identifying on-year stands) with UAV-derived stand density was then developed and validated against independent field data. The model predicted the spatial distribution of new culms at a regional scale (R² = 0.72, RMSE = 1.8 culms per 100 m²). This study provides a scalable and mechanism-guided methodology for estimating bamboo recruitment yield, offering a transformative shift in management from reliance on visible cues towards predictive, quantitative planning. The framework is transferable to other clonal plant ecosystems with concealed belowground resource dynamics.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"49 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147489384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123040
M. Micaela González, Gabriel Yañuk, Analía Sannazzaro, Estefanía Butassi, Melina Di Liberto, Eliane Pérez Sanchidrian, Manuel A. Sánchez, Mónica Hourcade, Laura Svetaz, Marina Clemente
A micropropagation protocol was optimized for Cannabis sativa L. cv. Charlie’s Dream (chemotype III; Δ9-THC ≪ CBD) to generate clonal plants for cannabinoid stability assessment. Axillary buds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) or thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.5–2.5 µM), with or without vitamin supplementation. Shoot number, shoot length, and foliar area were evaluated. Rooting responses were tested using 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) under both in vitro and ex vitro conditions. Resins extracted from dried flowers of donor and micropropagated plants were analyzed for CBD and Δ9-THC contents by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Vitamin supplementation did not improve growth, whereas TDZ and BAP showed differential effects over time. At 15 days post-initiation of micropropagation (dpim), explants treated with 0.5 µM TDZ produced more shoots and greater foliar area than those treated with BAP. By 30 dpim, explants treated with BAP achieved values similar to those with TDZ, whereas 2.5 µM TDZ promoted callus formation and vitrification. Shoot elongation was significantly enhanced when gibberellin (7 µM) or red light was combined with 0.5–1 µM BAP, but not with TDZ. In vitro rooting was unsuccessful; however, ex vitro rooting improved after pretreatment with 2.5 µM IBA. Based on these findings, the optimized micropropagation workflow consisted of: (i) shoot multiplication on MS + BAP (0.5–1 µM) for 30 days; (ii) shoot elongation under MS + BAP (0.5–1 µM) supplemented with gibberellin (7 µM) or red light; and (iii) ex vitro rooting after IBA (2.5 µM) pretreatment. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that the CBD/Δ9-THC ratio remained stable between donor, first-generation (G1), and second-generation (G2) plants, supporting chemotype stability. This approach reduces medium complexity, improves scalability, and provides a reproducible framework suitable for industrial applications in high-value crops.
{"title":"Toward scalable micropropagation of Cannabis sativa (chemotype III): Protocol optimization and preliminary evaluation of cannabinoid stability","authors":"M. Micaela González, Gabriel Yañuk, Analía Sannazzaro, Estefanía Butassi, Melina Di Liberto, Eliane Pérez Sanchidrian, Manuel A. Sánchez, Mónica Hourcade, Laura Svetaz, Marina Clemente","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123040","url":null,"abstract":"A micropropagation protocol was optimized for <em>Cannabis sativa</em> L. cv. Charlie’s Dream (chemotype III; Δ9-THC ≪ CBD) to generate clonal plants for cannabinoid stability assessment. Axillary buds were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with benzylaminopurine (BAP) or thidiazuron (TDZ) (0.5–2.5 µM), with or without vitamin supplementation. Shoot number, shoot length, and foliar area were evaluated. Rooting responses were tested using 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) under both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>ex vitro</em> conditions. Resins extracted from dried flowers of donor and micropropagated plants were analyzed for CBD and Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC contents by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Vitamin supplementation did not improve growth, whereas TDZ and BAP showed differential effects over time. At 15 days post-initiation of micropropagation (dpim), explants treated with 0.5 µM TDZ produced more shoots and greater foliar area than those treated with BAP. By 30 dpim, explants treated with BAP achieved values similar to those with TDZ, whereas 2.5 µM TDZ promoted callus formation and vitrification. Shoot elongation was significantly enhanced when gibberellin (7 µM) or red light was combined with 0.5–1 µM BAP, but not with TDZ. <em>In vitro</em> rooting was unsuccessful; however, <em>ex vitro</em> rooting improved after pretreatment with 2.5 µM IBA. Based on these findings, the optimized micropropagation workflow consisted of: (i) shoot multiplication on MS + BAP (0.5–1 µM) for 30 days; (ii) shoot elongation under MS + BAP (0.5–1 µM) supplemented with gibberellin (7 µM) or red light; and (iii) <em>ex vitro</em> rooting after IBA (2.5 µM) pretreatment. GC-MS analysis demonstrated that the CBD/Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC ratio remained stable between donor, first-generation (G1), and second-generation (G2) plants, supporting chemotype stability. This approach reduces medium complexity, improves scalability, and provides a reproducible framework suitable for industrial applications in high-value crops.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123066
Beáta M.R. Soperová, Eva Baldassarre Švecová, Lenka Wilson, Tomáš Frantík, Blanka Vlasáková, Petr Kaštánek, Rui S. Oliveira, Miroslav Vosátka
Cannabis cultivation is increasingly challenged by fungal pathogens and pests, while regulatory restrictions limit the use of chemical treatments. This study explores the application of fennel essential oil, yeast lysate, plant beneficial microbes, and biochar as a sustainable strategy to enhance disease resistance, pest control, and phytocannabinoid production. A fennel oil nanoemulsion exhibited a significant antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The combination of fennel oil nanoemulsion and yeast lysate significantly reduced Botrytis cinerea and Golovinomyces disease symptoms and repelled spider mites under greenhouse conditions. The combined treatment also increased phytocannabinoid levels, including cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA-A). Additionally, after application of fennel oil nanoemulsion with yeast lysate, the plants treated with microbial inoculants (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF, or a mixture of AMF, plant growth-promoting bacteria, and Trichoderma carried on microgranules of biochar) exhibited significantly higher content of several cannabinoids than plants treated with microbial inoculants alone. This study underscored the potential of integrating nanoemulsified essential oils, yeast lysate, and microbial inoculants for improving pest and disease management and cannabinoid yields into cannabis production, proposing an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides and fertilisers.
{"title":"Natural elicitors and beneficial microbes as sustainable tools for disease management and phytocannabinoid enhancement in Cannabis sativa","authors":"Beáta M.R. Soperová, Eva Baldassarre Švecová, Lenka Wilson, Tomáš Frantík, Blanka Vlasáková, Petr Kaštánek, Rui S. Oliveira, Miroslav Vosátka","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123066","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis cultivation is increasingly challenged by fungal pathogens and pests, while regulatory restrictions limit the use of chemical treatments. This study explores the application of fennel essential oil, yeast lysate, plant beneficial microbes, and biochar as a sustainable strategy to enhance disease resistance, pest control, and phytocannabinoid production. A fennel oil nanoemulsion exhibited a significant antifungal activity against <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> under <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> conditions. The combination of fennel oil nanoemulsion and yeast lysate significantly reduced <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and <em>Golovinomyces</em> disease symptoms and repelled spider mites under greenhouse conditions. The combined treatment also increased phytocannabinoid levels, including cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA-A). Additionally, after application of fennel oil nanoemulsion with yeast lysate, the plants treated with microbial inoculants (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, AMF, or a mixture of AMF, plant growth-promoting bacteria, and <em>Trichoderma</em> carried on microgranules of biochar) exhibited significantly higher content of several cannabinoids than plants treated with microbial inoculants alone. This study underscored the potential of integrating nanoemulsified essential oils, yeast lysate, and microbial inoculants for improving pest and disease management and cannabinoid yields into cannabis production, proposing an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides and fertilisers.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"44 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study evaluated the functional performance of two marigold varieties (Tagetes erecta L.), Thongchalerm (TCL) and Aga072 (AGA), grown in manufactured organic soil under Cd and Zn co-contaminated conditions. The soil was treated with individual or combined applications of Biovis (B), vermicompost (V) and moss (M). Moss was applied as a live plant mulch covering 90%, 45%, and 30% of the soil surface in pots. Biovis and V notably enhanced soil-available phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The highest relative growth rate was observed in BM-treated soil for TCL and in BVM-treated soil for AGA. In TCL, B-treated soil showed the highest accumulation of carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activities (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), while the control (organic soil) also exhibited similarly high values, indicating that organic soil alone provides sufficient nutrients. For AGA, the highest levels of secondary metabolites were observed in BVM-treated soil. Both TCL and AGA varieties showed maximum ferric reducing antioxidant power in BM-treated soil and α-glucosidase activity in VM-treated soil, indicating that moss application positively affected the secondary metabolite composition in marigolds. Translocation factor (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BCF) values exceeded 1 for Cd, demonstrating effective Cd accumulation. For Zn, most treatments showed TF > 1 but BCF < 1, suggesting efficient metal translocation with limited overall accumulation. Overall, the findings highlight the phytoremediation potential of both marigold varieties for Cd and Zn, demonstrating their ability to maintain plant growth and enhance secondary metabolite production under contaminated conditions.
{"title":"Efficacy of soil amendments and moss mulch on growth, heavy metal accumulation and secondary metabolites of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cultivated in organic soil contaminated with Cd and Zn","authors":"Thant Zin Maung, Khakhanang Ratananikom, Jittawan Kubola, Narin Printarakul, Weeradej Meeinkuirt","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123084","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the functional performance of two marigold varieties (<ce:italic>Tagetes erecta</ce:italic> L.), Thongchalerm (TCL) and Aga072 (AGA), grown in manufactured organic soil under Cd and Zn co-contaminated conditions. The soil was treated with individual or combined applications of Biovis (B), vermicompost (V) and moss (M). Moss was applied as a live plant mulch covering 90%, 45%, and 30% of the soil surface in pots. Biovis and V notably enhanced soil-available phosphorus, potassium and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The highest relative growth rate was observed in BM-treated soil for TCL and in BVM-treated soil for AGA. In TCL, B-treated soil showed the highest accumulation of carotenoids, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activities (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), while the control (organic soil) also exhibited similarly high values, indicating that organic soil alone provides sufficient nutrients. For AGA, the highest levels of secondary metabolites were observed in BVM-treated soil. Both TCL and AGA varieties showed maximum ferric reducing antioxidant power in BM-treated soil and α-glucosidase activity in VM-treated soil, indicating that moss application positively affected the secondary metabolite composition in marigolds. Translocation factor (TF) and bioaccumulation factor (BCF) values exceeded 1 for Cd, demonstrating effective Cd accumulation. For Zn, most treatments showed TF > 1 but BCF < 1, suggesting efficient metal translocation with limited overall accumulation. Overall, the findings highlight the phytoremediation potential of both marigold varieties for Cd and Zn, demonstrating their ability to maintain plant growth and enhance secondary metabolite production under contaminated conditions.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising bioenergy crop owing to high biomass production and ecological adaptability, but long-term evaluations of different ecotypes and nitrogen (N) rates on productivity and soil ecosystem functions are limited. In this six-year field experiment, we assessed the impacts of switchgrass ecotypes (upland and lowland) and N addition levels (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha−1) on soil physicochemical properties, nutrient stoichiometry, microbial enzyme activities, nutrient use efficiency, biomass yield, and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Our results indicated that N addition significantly affected soil properties, including soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The lowland ecotype under moderate N (L_60N) produced biomass yields 1.89–2.32 times greater than the upland ecotype, with the maximum yield reaching 31.33 Mg ha⁻¹. Moderate N addition enhanced microbial enzyme activities involved in C and N acquisition, particularly in lowland switchgrass, thereby increasing microbial carbon and N use efficiency and directly promoting biomass production. Biomass yield showed significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) with SOC, DOC, total N, and enzyme activities. Furthermore, moderate N addition notably enhanced EMF, with the lowland ecotype exhibiting a 16.8-fold increase compared to the upland ecotype, largely due to improved nutrient cycling. Overall, selecting lowland ecotype with moderate N addition can substantially enhance switchgrass productivity, soil carbon sequestration, and ecosystem multifunctionality in acidic soils, providing critical insights for balancing agricultural productivity with ecological sustainability.
柳枝稷（Panicum virgatum L.）是一种极具发展前景的生物质能源作物，具有较高的生物量产量和生态适应性，但不同生态型和施氮量对柳枝稷生产力和土壤生态系统功能的长期评价有限。在这项为期6年的田间试验中，我们评估了柳枝稷生态型（高地和低地）和N添加水平（0、60和120 kg N ha−1）对土壤理化性质、营养化学计量、微生物酶活性、养分利用效率、生物量产量和生态系统多功能性（EMF）的影响。结果表明，施氮显著影响了土壤pH、土壤有机碳（SOC）和溶解有机碳（DOC）等土壤性质。低地生态型在温和的N (L_60N)生产的生物质产量1.89 - -2.32倍高地的生态型,最高产量达到31.33毫克ha⁻¹。适量施氮可增强参与碳氮捕获的微生物酶活性，特别是低地柳枝稷，从而提高微生物碳氮利用效率，直接促进生物质产量。生物量产量与SOC、DOC、总氮和酶活性呈显著正相关（p <； 0.05）。此外，适度施氮显著增强了EMF，其中低地生态型的EMF比高地生态型增加了16.8倍，这主要是由于养分循环的改善。总体而言，选择适度施氮的低地生态型可显著提高酸性土壤柳枝稷的生产力、土壤固碳和生态系统的多功能性，为平衡农业生产力和生态可持续性提供重要见解。
{"title":"Lowland-ecotype switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) with moderate nitrogen enhances long-term productivity and ecosystem multifunctionality in acidic soils: A six-year field experiment","authors":"Hongyuan Huang, Xiaokang Ni, Kang Lin, Ling Zhang, Yadi Yu, Shuangshuang Chu, Yuxin Zhang, Chen Wu, Xintong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123021","url":null,"abstract":"Switchgrass (<ce:italic>Panicum virgatum</ce:italic> L.) is a promising bioenergy crop owing to high biomass production and ecological adaptability, but long-term evaluations of different ecotypes and nitrogen (N) rates on productivity and soil ecosystem functions are limited. In this six-year field experiment, we assessed the impacts of switchgrass ecotypes (upland and lowland) and N addition levels (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) on soil physicochemical properties, nutrient stoichiometry, microbial enzyme activities, nutrient use efficiency, biomass yield, and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Our results indicated that N addition significantly affected soil properties, including soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The lowland ecotype under moderate N (L_60N) produced biomass yields 1.89–2.32 times greater than the upland ecotype, with the maximum yield reaching 31.33 Mg ha⁻¹. Moderate N addition enhanced microbial enzyme activities involved in C and N acquisition, particularly in lowland switchgrass, thereby increasing microbial carbon and N use efficiency and directly promoting biomass production. Biomass yield showed significant positive correlations (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic> < 0.05) with SOC, DOC, total N, and enzyme activities. Furthermore, moderate N addition notably enhanced EMF, with the lowland ecotype exhibiting a 16.8-fold increase compared to the upland ecotype, largely due to improved nutrient cycling. Overall, selecting lowland ecotype with moderate N addition can substantially enhance switchgrass productivity, soil carbon sequestration, and ecosystem multifunctionality in acidic soils, providing critical insights for balancing agricultural productivity with ecological sustainability.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123081
Min He, Chuanlin Wang, Juan Li, Wanting Shen, Shuyi Yu, Zhijian Tan
Sichuan Province is the daodi source of Huangsi-Yujin (HSYJ, Radix Curcuma longa). Despite their similar appearances, traditional and improved HSYJ cultivars coexist, complicating quality standardization. This study explored the significant phenotypic diversity between these cultivars, primarily in aroma and color, and established a marker-guided quality retention strategy. Non-targeted GC×GC-TOFMS volatilomics revealed that even within the same daodi region, improved cultivars exhibited higher germacrone but lower turmerone content than traditional ones. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed that this chemical divergence is driven by genetic factors. Furthermore, HS-SPME-GC/Orbitrap-MS integrated with electronic nose assessments identified variety-specific aromatic signatures. Quantitative LC-MS analysis correlated the superior curcuminoid levels in traditional HSYJ with their intense yellow hue (elevated CIE L*a*b* values). To bridge the gap between chemical identification and industrial application, these identified volatile markers and curcuminoids guided a tailored, sequential processing strategy. Supercritical CO2 extraction was first utilized to capture the authentic aroma fraction, followed by the recovery and stabilization of curcuminoids via microencapsulation. This integrated framework not only elucidates the genetic and chemical basis of HSYJ quality but also demonstrates how marker-guided processing ensures the consistent, modernized production of high-quality daodi herbal products.
{"title":"Integrative metabolomic, transcriptomic and sensory profiling of daodi Huangsi-Yujin (Radix Curcuma longa): Unveiling quality distinctions for a marker-guided processing strategy","authors":"Min He, Chuanlin Wang, Juan Li, Wanting Shen, Shuyi Yu, Zhijian Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123081","url":null,"abstract":"Sichuan Province is the <ce:italic>daodi</ce:italic> source of Huangsi-Yujin (HSYJ, <ce:italic>Radix Curcuma longa</ce:italic>). Despite their similar appearances, traditional and improved HSYJ cultivars coexist, complicating quality standardization. This study explored the significant phenotypic diversity between these cultivars, primarily in aroma and color, and established a marker-guided quality retention strategy. Non-targeted GC×GC-TOFMS volatilomics revealed that even within the same <ce:italic>daodi</ce:italic> region, improved cultivars exhibited higher germacrone but lower turmerone content than traditional ones. Transcriptomic analysis confirmed that this chemical divergence is driven by genetic factors. Furthermore, HS-SPME-GC/Orbitrap-MS integrated with electronic nose assessments identified variety-specific aromatic signatures. Quantitative LC-MS analysis correlated the superior curcuminoid levels in traditional HSYJ with their intense yellow hue (elevated CIE L*a*b* values). To bridge the gap between chemical identification and industrial application, these identified volatile markers and curcuminoids guided a tailored, sequential processing strategy. Supercritical CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> extraction was first utilized to capture the authentic aroma fraction, followed by the recovery and stabilization of curcuminoids via microencapsulation. This integrated framework not only elucidates the genetic and chemical basis of HSYJ quality but also demonstrates how marker-guided processing ensures the consistent, modernized production of high-quality <ce:italic>daodi</ce:italic> herbal products.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cleome gynandra L., belonging to the genus Cleome in the family Clusiaceae, is an annual herb widely distributed across China. This plant is known for its long history and significant regional value, and although its antioxidant potential has been recognized, the related active components and mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. To systematically elucidate its antioxidant activity, this study integrated in vitro and in vivo antioxidant model evaluations, metabolomics, and network pharmacology approaches to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of C. gynandra L. extracts. The results showed that C. gynandra L. extracts, particularly the 90% ethanol extract, exhibited significant antioxidant activity and effectively alleviated oxidative stress damage. Mechanistic studies revealed that its effects were characterized by multi-component and multi-target actions, likely mediated through the regulation of "PI3K-Akt pathway". This study provides a comprehensive elucidation of the material basis and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant effects of C. gynandra L., offering theoretical support for its further development as a functional food.
{"title":"The integration of omics and targeted screening strategies determining the antioxidant activity in Cleome gynandra L.","authors":"Yan Chen, Yiting Zhang, Xinying Li, Ziqing Zhao, Lile Wang, Yaqian Shi, Huan Liu, Xixia Liu, Jianjun Hou, Qin Wu, Yongshu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.123085","url":null,"abstract":"<ce:italic>Cleome gynandra L.</ce:italic>, belonging to the genus Cleome in the family Clusiaceae, is an annual herb widely distributed across China. This plant is known for its long history and significant regional value, and although its antioxidant potential has been recognized, the related active components and mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. To systematically elucidate its antioxidant activity, this study integrated <ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>in vivo</ce:italic> antioxidant model evaluations, metabolomics, and network pharmacology approaches to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of <ce:italic>C. gynandra L.</ce:italic> extracts. The results showed that <ce:italic>C. gynandra L.</ce:italic> extracts, particularly the 90% ethanol extract, exhibited significant antioxidant activity and effectively alleviated oxidative stress damage. Mechanistic studies revealed that its effects were characterized by multi-component and multi-target actions, likely mediated through the regulation of \"PI3K-Akt pathway\". This study provides a comprehensive elucidation of the material basis and potential molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant effects of <ce:italic>C. gynandra L.</ce:italic>, offering theoretical support for its further development as a functional food.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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