The present research focused on the synthesis and characterization of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derived from cottonseed oil using a nickel-doped chicken eggshell (Ni-CaO) catalyst, and evaluated the biodiesel’s engine performance and emission characteristics. The Ni-CaO catalyst was prepared via calcination and characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing improved catalytic activity and higher FAME yields compared to un-doped CaO. The maximum oil yield obtained from cottonseeds was 44.75 wt%, achieved using 100 g of seeds under extraction conditions of 65ºC, 5 h, a 6:1 solvent-to-solid ratio, and atmospheric pressure using solvent extraction method. Similarly, the maximum FAME yield reached 96 wt% at 60ºC, 120 min reaction time, 5 wt% catalyst loading, and a 12:1 methanol-to-oil ratio via transesterification reaction. The produced cottonseed methyl ester (COME) complied with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, satisfying critical fuel quality parameters such as cetane number, viscosity, acid value, flash point, and moisture content. Engine performance tests demonstrated that COME exhibited a slight decrease in brake thermal efficiency (2–4 %) and a 6–10 % increase in brake specific fuel consumption compared to diesel, while significantly reducing CO, hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate emissions, indicating improved combustion characteristics and environmental performance.
{"title":"Nickel-doped chicken eggshell-derived catalyst for cottonseed oil-based fatty acid methyl ester: Synthesis, characterization, and engine performance and emission assessment","authors":"Tigabu Hailelule Yemane , Lata Deso Abo , Mani Jayakumar , Buzu Gelan Shumi , Magesh Rangaraju , Saminathan Subashini , Gemedo Geleto Hindeso","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research focused on the synthesis and characterization of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derived from cottonseed oil using a nickel-doped chicken eggshell (Ni-CaO) catalyst, and evaluated the biodiesel’s engine performance and emission characteristics. The Ni-CaO catalyst was prepared via calcination and characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing improved catalytic activity and higher FAME yields compared to un-doped CaO. The maximum oil yield obtained from cottonseeds was 44.75 wt%, achieved using 100 g of seeds under extraction conditions of 65ºC, 5 h, a 6:1 solvent-to-solid ratio, and atmospheric pressure using solvent extraction method. Similarly, the maximum FAME yield reached 96 wt% at 60ºC<strong>,</strong> 120 min reaction time<strong>,</strong> 5 wt% catalyst loading, and a 12:1 methanol-to-oil ratio via transesterification reaction. The produced cottonseed methyl ester (COME) complied with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, satisfying critical fuel quality parameters such as cetane number, viscosity, acid value, flash point, and moisture content. Engine performance tests demonstrated that COME exhibited a slight decrease in brake thermal efficiency (2–4 %) and a 6–10 % increase in brake specific fuel consumption compared to diesel, while significantly reducing CO, hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate emissions, indicating improved combustion characteristics and environmental performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122849"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122840
Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion , Agnieszka Kicel , Michalina Hińczewska , Marta Katarzyna Dudek , Monika Olszewska , Anna Karolina Kiss
Members of the genus Forsythia spp., well-known ornamental shrubs, are widely recognised for their early spring flowering and ethnopharmacological significance, particularly in traditional Asian medicine. While the phytochemical profile, biological effects, and industrial applications of their fruits and flowers are well documented, the leaves remain largely underexplored. Specifically, limited attention has been given to their seasonal variability and utility in the pharmaceutical and functional food industry. This study aimed to evaluate seasonal fluctuations in bioactive compounds (lignans, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acids) in leaves of two European Forsythia species: F. × intermedia Zabel var. spectabilis and F. suspensa Zabel var. sieboldii. Leaf samples were collected monthly from May to September to determine the optimal harvest period for the highest phytochemical content suitable for herbal processing. Comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, employing UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MSn and HPLC-PDA, were integrated with PCA to explore correlations between seasonal environmental shifts and metabolic profiles. Reference standards were prepared from spring leaf extracts using preparative HPLC. The immunomodulatory potential of selected extracts and marker compounds was assessed in vitro using human PBMC-derived monocytes/macrophages. The results demonstrated distinct species-specific and season-dependent variations in metabolite concentrations, with the highest levels of bioactive constituents observed in spring-harvested leaves. This variability directly correlated with biological potency, as spring samples exhibited the most robust immunomodulatory effects. These findings identify spring as the optimal harvest period for high-quality Forsythia leaf raw material. This study contributes to the knowledge on Forsythia leaves as an efficient source of biomass for phytotherapy and functional food formulations.
连翘属的成员是著名的观赏灌木，因其早春开花和民族药理学意义而被广泛认可，特别是在传统的亚洲医学中。虽然它们的果实和花朵的植物化学特征、生物效应和工业应用都有很好的记录，但它们的叶子仍未得到充分的研究。具体来说，人们对其季节性变化及其在制药和功能性食品工业中的应用的关注有限。本研究旨在评价两种欧洲连翘（F. × intermedia Zabel var. spectabilis）和连翘（F. suspensa Zabel var. sieboldii）叶片中生物活性物质（木脂素、苯乙醇、黄酮类化合物、咖啡酰醌酸）的季节性波动。在5 - 9月每月采集叶片样品，以确定适合中草药加工的植物化学成分含量最高的最佳采收期。采用UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MSn和HPLC-PDA进行综合定性和定量分析，结合主成分分析，探讨季节环境变化与代谢谱的相关性。采用制备高效液相色谱法，从春叶提取物中制备标准品。在体外使用人pbmc来源的单核/巨噬细胞评估选定提取物和标记化合物的免疫调节潜力。结果表明，代谢物浓度存在明显的物种特异性和季节依赖性变化，在春季收获的叶片中观察到最高水平的生物活性成分。这种可变性与生物效力直接相关，因为春季样品表现出最强大的免疫调节作用。这些发现确定春季是优质连翘叶原料的最佳采收期。该研究有助于了解连翘叶作为植物治疗和功能性食品配方的有效生物质来源。
{"title":"From spring to autumn: How harvest season and species shape the phytochemical and biological properties of Forsythia leaf extracts","authors":"Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion , Agnieszka Kicel , Michalina Hińczewska , Marta Katarzyna Dudek , Monika Olszewska , Anna Karolina Kiss","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of the genus <em>Forsythia</em> spp., well-known ornamental shrubs, are widely recognised for their early spring flowering and ethnopharmacological significance, particularly in traditional Asian medicine. While the phytochemical profile, biological effects, and industrial applications of their fruits and flowers are well documented, the leaves remain largely underexplored. Specifically, limited attention has been given to their seasonal variability and utility in the pharmaceutical and functional food industry. This study aimed to evaluate seasonal fluctuations in bioactive compounds (lignans, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acids) in leaves of two European <em>Forsythia</em> species: <em>F. × intermedia</em> Zabel var. <em>spectabilis</em> and <em>F. suspensa</em> Zabel var. <em>sieboldii</em>. Leaf samples were collected monthly from May to September to determine the optimal harvest period for the highest phytochemical content suitable for herbal processing. Comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, employing UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS<sup><em>n</em></sup> and HPLC-PDA, were integrated with PCA to explore correlations between seasonal environmental shifts and metabolic profiles. Reference standards were prepared from spring leaf extracts using preparative HPLC. The immunomodulatory potential of selected extracts and marker compounds was assessed <em>in vitro</em> using human PBMC-derived monocytes/macrophages. The results demonstrated distinct species-specific and season-dependent variations in metabolite concentrations, with the highest levels of bioactive constituents observed in spring-harvested leaves. This variability directly correlated with biological potency, as spring samples exhibited the most robust immunomodulatory effects. These findings identify spring as the optimal harvest period for high-quality <em>Forsythia</em> leaf raw material. This study contributes to the knowledge on <em>Forsythia</em> leaves as an efficient source of biomass for phytotherapy and functional food formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122840"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122805
Yuanyuan Miao , Hui Qin , Xiaojie Gao , Yan Jin , Huiqin Ding , Lina Huang , Le Shentu
Linderae Radix (LR), a highly demanded traditional Chinese medicine, is produced in various regions. However, the relationship between its quality and geographical origin remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed fourteen batches of LR samples from eight distinct origins across four major producing provinces, using both ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for active compound quantification and electronic nose for odor profiling. Results revealed distinct inter-provincial variations in active compound levels except isolinderalactone, and overall similar intra-provincial profiles except boldine. Odor profiling demonstrated sensitivity to five sensors, with the three most sensitive W5S, W1W, W2W showing clear inter-provincial differentiation alongside intra-provincial similarity. Overall, samples from Zhejiang and Jiangxi exhibited higher average levels of active compounds and five sensitive sensor responses than those from Hunan and Anhui, with the highest values for most parameters observed in samples from Tiantai, Zhejiang. Using either individual or combined data from all active compounds and odor variables, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) achieved complete separation of the four provincial groups with consistent intra-provincial clustering. It identified norisoboldine, linderalactone, lindenenol, and the five sensitive sensors as the most discriminative parameters for classification. These key markers were further verified by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently, based on these eight key markers, the origin identification model was developed through ridge regression and discriminant analysis, which achieved high accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of active compounds and odor as a useful tool for authenticating the mainstream geographical origin of LR, thus providing a scientific basis for its quality evaluation and market regulation.
{"title":"Variations in active ingredients and odor characteristics for geographical origin discrimination of Linderae Radix","authors":"Yuanyuan Miao , Hui Qin , Xiaojie Gao , Yan Jin , Huiqin Ding , Lina Huang , Le Shentu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Linderae Radix (LR), a highly demanded traditional Chinese medicine, is produced in various regions. However, the relationship between its quality and geographical origin remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed fourteen batches of LR samples from eight distinct origins across four major producing provinces, using both ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for active compound quantification and electronic nose for odor profiling. Results revealed distinct inter-provincial variations in active compound levels except isolinderalactone, and overall similar intra-provincial profiles except boldine. Odor profiling demonstrated sensitivity to five sensors, with the three most sensitive W5S, W1W, W2W showing clear inter-provincial differentiation alongside intra-provincial similarity. Overall, samples from Zhejiang and Jiangxi exhibited higher average levels of active compounds and five sensitive sensor responses than those from Hunan and Anhui, with the highest values for most parameters observed in samples from Tiantai, Zhejiang. Using either individual or combined data from all active compounds and odor variables, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) achieved complete separation of the four provincial groups with consistent intra-provincial clustering. It identified norisoboldine, linderalactone, lindenenol, and the five sensitive sensors as the most discriminative parameters for classification. These key markers were further verified by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently, based on these eight key markers, the origin identification model was developed through ridge regression and discriminant analysis, which achieved high accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of active compounds and odor as a useful tool for authenticating the mainstream geographical origin of LR, thus providing a scientific basis for its quality evaluation and market regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122805"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122815
Pablo Piñeiro , Ma Teresa Martínez , Javier Sampedro , Elena Corredoira
Argan is a horticultural forest species endemic to Morocco, well adapted to arid and semi-arid Mediterranean climates and with high social, ecological, economic and agronomic value. However, argan populations are threatened by overgrazing, lack of natural regeneration and overexploitation as argan oil demand is increasing. As conventional propagation is very problematic, the development of micropropagation methods is imperative. Here, an efficient procedure for micropropagation of argan juvenile material based on axillary budding, is described. Forced shoots obtained from potted plants of two different 2-year-old specimens (AG1 and AG3) were employed as initial explants to establish in vitro shoot proliferation cultures. Explants were established in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 1 mg L−1 benzyladenine. For shoot proliferation, the best results were obtained when shoots were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L−1 meta-topolin, 1 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid, 0.65 % agar from Sigma and 3 % sucrose during 6 weeks at 28ºC. Optimal rooting rates were achieved through continuous culture of shoots on medium supplemented with 7 mg L⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid, with AG3 showing the best results (58 %). Rooted plants were successfully acclimatized using Jiffy pellets and the survival rate after 12 weeks was higher than 50 % in both genotypes. This protocol facilitates the short-term conservation of argan germplasm, ensuring its preservation for future research and restoration efforts.
{"title":"Efficient micropropagation of Argania spinosa through axillary budding","authors":"Pablo Piñeiro , Ma Teresa Martínez , Javier Sampedro , Elena Corredoira","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Argan is a horticultural forest species endemic to Morocco, well adapted to arid and semi-arid Mediterranean climates and with high social, ecological, economic and agronomic value. However, argan populations are threatened by overgrazing, lack of natural regeneration and overexploitation as argan oil demand is increasing. As conventional propagation is very problematic, the development of micropropagation methods is imperative. Here, an efficient procedure for micropropagation of argan juvenile material based on axillary budding, is described. Forced shoots obtained from potted plants of two different 2-year-old specimens (AG1 and AG3) were employed as initial explants to establish <em>in vitro</em> shoot proliferation cultures. Explants were established in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 1 mg L<sup>−1</sup> benzyladenine. For shoot proliferation, the best results were obtained when shoots were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L<sup>−1</sup> meta-topolin, 1 mg L<sup>−1</sup> indole-3-acetic acid, 0.65 % agar from Sigma and 3 % sucrose during 6 weeks at 28ºC. Optimal rooting rates were achieved through continuous culture of shoots on medium supplemented with 7 mg L⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid, with AG3 showing the best results (58 %). Rooted plants were successfully acclimatized using Jiffy pellets and the survival rate after 12 weeks was higher than 50 % in both genotypes. This protocol facilitates the short-term conservation of argan germplasm, ensuring its preservation for future research and restoration efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122815"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122830
Wenzhou Wu, Junrui Duan, Xiangru Hou, Jie Ji
This study selected typical main chain monosaccharides of hemicellulose (D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-xylose) as research objects. By combining thermogravimetry-Fourier infrared spectroscopy-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-GC-MS) pyrolysis experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, their pyrolysis behaviors and reaction mechanisms were deeply studied. Firstly, the experimental results show that the three monosaccharides all have two main weight loss peaks. H2O and CO2 are their main gaseous products. Other same products include furfural, furan, 2(5 H)-furanone, 5-methyl-2-Furancarboxaldehyde, etc. In addition, each of the three forms unique products such as furans, phenols, ketones, acids, and some other heterocyclic compounds. Next, the DFT results of the three monosaccharides show that the ring-opening reaction among the initial reactions is the most advantageous. Among the three monosaccharides, the overall energy barrier for the generation of 2(5 H)-furanone from β-D-xylose is the lowest (62.1 kcal/mol), attributed to the absence of C5-linked hydroxymethyl (C5-CH2OH) group. The overall energy barrier for furfural generation from β-D-mannose is 51.3 kcal/mol, which is the lowest among the three monosaccharides. β-D-glucose shows the highest tendency for furan formation, its overall energy barrier is 57.4 kcal/mol. And this is in line with the experimental results. In conclusion, this research aids in deepening the comprehension of the pyrolysis mechanism underlying hemicellulose.
本研究选取半纤维素中典型的主链单糖（d -葡萄糖、d -甘露糖和d -木糖）作为研究对象。通过结合热重-傅里叶红外光谱-气相色谱-质谱（TG-FTIR-GC-MS）热解实验和密度泛函数理论（DFT）计算，对其热解行为和反应机理进行了深入研究。首先，实验结果表明，三种单糖均有两个主要的减重峰。水和二氧化碳是它们的主要气态产物。其他同类产品包括糠醛、呋喃、2(5 H)-呋喃酮、5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醛等。此外，这三种化合物中的每一种都能形成独特的产物，如呋喃、酚类、酮类、酸类和一些其他杂环化合物。三种单糖的DFT结果表明，在初始反应中开环反应最有利。在三种单糖中，β- d -木糖生成2(5 H)-呋喃酮的总能垒最低（62.1 kcal/mol），这是由于缺乏c5 -连接的羟甲基（C5-CH2OH）基团。β- d -甘露糖生成糠醛的总能垒为51.3 kcal/mol，是3种单糖中最低的。β- d -葡萄糖生成呋喃的能力最强，其总能垒为57.4 kcal/mol。这与实验结果一致。总之，本研究有助于加深对半纤维素热解机理的理解。
{"title":"Experimental and computational study on hemicellulose main chain monosaccharides: The pyrolysis mechanism of glucose, mannose and xylose","authors":"Wenzhou Wu, Junrui Duan, Xiangru Hou, Jie Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study selected typical main chain monosaccharides of hemicellulose (<span>D</span>-glucose, <span>D</span>-mannose, and <span>D</span>-xylose) as research objects. By combining thermogravimetry-Fourier infrared spectroscopy-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-GC-MS) pyrolysis experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, their pyrolysis behaviors and reaction mechanisms were deeply studied. Firstly, the experimental results show that the three monosaccharides all have two main weight loss peaks. H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> are their main gaseous products. Other same products include furfural, furan, 2(5 H)-furanone, 5-methyl-2-Furancarboxaldehyde, etc. In addition, each of the three forms unique products such as furans, phenols, ketones, acids, and some other heterocyclic compounds. Next, the DFT results of the three monosaccharides show that the ring-opening reaction among the initial reactions is the most advantageous. Among the three monosaccharides, the overall energy barrier for the generation of 2(5 H)-furanone from β-<span>D</span>-xylose is the lowest (62.1 kcal/mol), attributed to the absence of C5-linked hydroxymethyl (C5-CH<sub>2</sub>OH) group. The overall energy barrier for furfural generation from β-<span>D</span>-mannose is 51.3 kcal/mol, which is the lowest among the three monosaccharides. β-<span>D</span>-glucose shows the highest tendency for furan formation, its overall energy barrier is 57.4 kcal/mol. And this is in line with the experimental results. In conclusion, this research aids in deepening the comprehension of the pyrolysis mechanism underlying hemicellulose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122830"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122842
Qiangbo Zhao , Ruhan Xia , Pengxiang Han , Jiangyuan Han , Weihua Zhao , Xiangyan Zhou , Fuqiang Xu , Wenzhi Yao , Jianhe Wei , Miaoyin Dong , Mengfei Li
Astragalus mongholicus is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of medicinal use, while root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a highly destructive soil-borne diseases that leads to yield and quality reduction. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the biocontrol strategy based on microbial agents could effectively inhibit root rot in crops, the biocontrol efficiency and potential mechanism in A. mongholicus have been rarely investigated. In this study, a novel strain GNRP-01A was isolated from the rhizosphere of wild A. mongolicus and exhibited significant biocontrol efficacy (77.8 %) against A. mongolicus root rot, which was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphology, 16S rRNA, and whole-genome sequence analyses. The B. subtilis GNRP-01A genome contained multiple biosynthetic gene clusters encoding secondary metabolites (e.g., surfactin, subtilosin A, bacillibactin) and the genes that promote plant growth (e.g., amylase, protease, cellulase). Additionally, GC-MS analysis identified 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), among which 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 6-methyl-2-heptanone showed strong antifungal activities with inhibition rates of 81.53 %, 89.17 %, and 91.86 %, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of genes associated with plant induced systemic resistance (ISR, e.g., AmCHI2, AmPAD4, AmPDF2.2 and AmPR-10) were significantly up-regulated in F. oxysporum+ GNRP-01A treated plants, indicating the activation of ISR of A. mongolicus. Collectively, B. subtilis GNRP-01 A controls A. mongholicus root rot through synergistic strategy involving the production of antifungal metabolites and VOCs, activation of plant ISR. These results provide new insights into the biocontrol mechanism of B. subtilis against A. mongholicus root rot, as well as support the potential applications of B. subtilis GNRP-01A as an effective biocontrol agent for root rot prevention and management in medicinal plants.
{"title":"Biocontrol efficiency and potential mechanism of Bacillus subtilis GNRP-01A against Astragalus mongholicus root rot","authors":"Qiangbo Zhao , Ruhan Xia , Pengxiang Han , Jiangyuan Han , Weihua Zhao , Xiangyan Zhou , Fuqiang Xu , Wenzhi Yao , Jianhe Wei , Miaoyin Dong , Mengfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Astragalus mongholicus</em> is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of medicinal use, while root rot caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> is a highly destructive soil-borne diseases that leads to yield and quality reduction. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the biocontrol strategy based on microbial agents could effectively inhibit root rot in crops, the biocontrol efficiency and potential mechanism in <em>A. mongholicus</em> have been rarely investigated. In this study, a novel strain GNRP-01A was isolated from the rhizosphere of wild <em>A. mongolicus</em> and exhibited significant biocontrol efficacy (77.8 %) against <em>A. mongolicus</em> root rot, which was identified as <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> based on morphology, 16S rRNA, and whole-genome sequence analyses. The <em>B. subtilis</em> GNRP-01A genome contained multiple biosynthetic gene clusters encoding secondary metabolites (<em>e.g.,</em> surfactin, subtilosin A, bacillibactin) and the genes that promote plant growth (<em>e.g.,</em> amylase, protease, cellulase). Additionally, GC-MS analysis identified 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), among which 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 6-methyl-2-heptanone showed strong antifungal activities with inhibition rates of 81.53 %, 89.17 %, and 91.86 %, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of genes associated with plant induced systemic resistance (ISR<em>, e.g.</em>, <em>AmCHI2</em>, <em>AmPAD4</em>, <em>AmPDF2.2</em> and <em>AmPR-10</em>) were significantly up-regulated in <em>F. oxysporum</em>+ GNRP-01A treated plants, indicating the activation of ISR of <em>A. mongolicus</em>. Collectively, <em>B. subtilis</em> GNRP-01 A controls <em>A. mongholicus</em> root rot through synergistic strategy involving the production of antifungal metabolites and VOCs, activation of plant ISR. These results provide new insights into the biocontrol mechanism of <em>B. subtilis</em> against <em>A. mongholicus</em> root rot, as well as support the potential applications of <em>B. subtilis</em> GNRP-01A as an effective biocontrol agent for root rot prevention and management in medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122842"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of superheated steam and conventional torrefaction of pine wood: Solid product properties, productivity, and process evaluation","authors":"Nannan Wu, Dongdong Zhang, Yifan Zhang, Jianchun Jiang, Yi Liu, Haibo Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122841","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号