Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122676
Chaoqi Wang , Xiang Li , Shiying Li, Xiping Yang, Yang Zhao
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is an important industrial crop. Its sucrose accumulation and overall biomass utilization for bioethanol production are highly vulnerable to environmental stresses, particularly cold stress. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) have been reported to participate in cold stress signaling in other plant species, but their roles in sugarcane remain largely unknown. To identify and investigate the mechanisms by which PTP regulate cold tolerance in sugarcane, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the PTP gene family. Gene structure analysis revealed conserved exon-intron patterns within each subfamily, while promoter analysis indicated that most PTP genes harbor cis-regulatory elements (CREs) associated with Abscisic Acid (ABA) and stress responses. A further yeast cDNA library screening under cold stress conditions identified 23 ScPTP candidates responsive to low temperature, among which Saccharum dual specificity phosphatase 2 (ScDSP2) was selected for further functional characterization. Transgenic Arabidopsis assays demonstrated that ScDSP2 significantly enhanced plant tolerance to cold stress. Transcriptome profiling further revealed that ScDSP2 regulates circadian rhythm and integrates multiple phytohormone signaling pathways to optimize energy allocation under cold conditions. Overall, this work provides the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the sugarcane PTP family and identifies key regulators of cold signaling, offering a valuable gene resource for improving cold tolerance in sugarcane.
{"title":"Genome-wide analysis of the sugarcane PTP family combined with yeast cDNA library screening identifies key cold-responsive genes","authors":"Chaoqi Wang , Xiang Li , Shiying Li, Xiping Yang, Yang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugarcane (<em>Saccharum</em> spp.) is an important industrial crop. Its sucrose accumulation and overall biomass utilization for bioethanol production are highly vulnerable to environmental stresses, particularly cold stress. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) have been reported to participate in cold stress signaling in other plant species, but their roles in sugarcane remain largely unknown. To identify and investigate the mechanisms by which PTP regulate cold tolerance in sugarcane, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the <em>PTP</em> gene family. Gene structure analysis revealed conserved exon-intron patterns within each subfamily, while promoter analysis indicated that most <em>PTP</em> genes harbor <em>cis</em>-regulatory elements (CREs) associated with Abscisic Acid (ABA) and stress responses. A further yeast cDNA library screening under cold stress conditions identified 23 <em>ScPTP</em> candidates responsive to low temperature, among which <em>Saccharum</em> dual specificity phosphatase 2 (<em>ScDSP2</em>) was selected for further functional characterization. Transgenic Arabidopsis assays demonstrated that <em>ScDSP2</em> significantly enhanced plant tolerance to cold stress. Transcriptome profiling further revealed that <em>ScDSP2</em> regulates circadian rhythm and integrates multiple phytohormone signaling pathways to optimize energy allocation under cold conditions. Overall, this work provides the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the sugarcane PTP family and identifies key regulators of cold signaling, offering a valuable gene resource for improving cold tolerance in sugarcane.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122676"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122672
Yiqing Su , Yiwen Qian , Mingxing Li , Xue Bai , Mingyong Tang
Jatropha curcas L. is a perennial woody plant. Its seeds have a high oil content, making it widely recognized as one of the most promising feedstock crops for biodiesel production. With the advance of high-quality genomic sequence data and stable genetic transformation system, J. curcas is also regarded as a model plant for studying perennials. However, its genetic transformation system relies on tissue culture techniques, resulting in a time-consuming, costly, technically challenging, and contamination-prone transgenic process. This study established a genetic transformation system for J. curcas employing the RUBY reporter gene, using the cambium as explants. We developed three methods that do not require tissue culture: cut-induced hypocotyl rooting system (CHR), girdling-induced branch rooting system (GBR) and cut-induced hypocotyl budding system (CHB). The results demonstrated that both CHR and GBR successfully induced transgenic hairy roots, with GBR significantly outperforming CHR in multiple metrics. GBR achieved a maximum positive transformation efficiency of 54.18 %, producing 9.80 roots per explant and shortening the root-initiation time to approximately 15 days than CHR. Results indicate that younger seedlings are more conducive to root transformation, and the bacterial lawn method is superior to the bacterial suspension method. Furthermore, the CHB method was applied to induce organ regeneration from the cambium via smearing a bacterial lawn onto the transverse section of the decapitated hypocotyl, resulting in RUBY-transformed buds. This method achieved a maximum positive transformation efficiency of 8.52 % and only took 45 days. In conclusion, an efficient genetic transformation system was established in this research for in planta hairy roots and regeneration buds in J. curcas using the cambium as the receptor, providing a reliable technical platform for functional gene studies in woody plants.
{"title":"Establishment of in situ genetic transformation system for Jatropha curcas using the cambium as receptor","authors":"Yiqing Su , Yiwen Qian , Mingxing Li , Xue Bai , Mingyong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Jatropha curcas</em> L. is a perennial woody plant. Its seeds have a high oil content, making it widely recognized as one of the most promising feedstock crops for biodiesel production. With the advance of high-quality genomic sequence data and stable genetic transformation system, <em>J. curcas</em> is also regarded as a model plant for studying perennials. However, its genetic transformation system relies on tissue culture techniques, resulting in a time-consuming, costly, technically challenging, and contamination-prone transgenic process. This study established a genetic transformation system for <em>J. curcas</em> employing the <em>RUBY</em> reporter gene, using the cambium as explants. We developed three methods that do not require tissue culture: cut-induced hypocotyl rooting system (CHR), girdling-induced branch rooting system (GBR) and cut-induced hypocotyl budding system (CHB). The results demonstrated that both CHR and GBR successfully induced transgenic hairy roots, with GBR significantly outperforming CHR in multiple metrics. GBR achieved a maximum positive transformation efficiency of 54.18 %, producing 9.80 roots per explant and shortening the root-initiation time to approximately 15 days than CHR. Results indicate that younger seedlings are more conducive to root transformation, and the bacterial lawn method is superior to the bacterial suspension method. Furthermore, the CHB method was applied to induce organ regeneration from the cambium via smearing a bacterial lawn onto the transverse section of the decapitated hypocotyl, resulting in <em>RUBY</em>-transformed buds. This method achieved a maximum positive transformation efficiency of 8.52 % and only took 45 days. In conclusion, an efficient genetic transformation system was established in this research for in planta hairy roots and regeneration buds in <em>J. curcas</em> using the cambium as the receptor, providing a reliable technical platform for functional gene studies in woody plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122672"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122653
Mingdi Li , Guoyu Yao , Xianshuang Qu , Qiaozhi Wu , Qinghong Chen , Andrew Hung , Angela Wei Hong Yang , Xiaoshan Zhao , Hong Li , Lin Zhou
Shan yao (SY, Dioscorea opposita Thunb.), is a potential industrial crop with high-value bioactive components. It is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for diabetes-related symptoms. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a specific form of diabetes characterized by abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. However, the mechanisms by which SY manages GDM remain unclear. This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds and assess the mechanisms of SY in managing GDM. We employed computational biomedical modelling and screening to explore the potential pharmacodynamics of the chemical components of SY and their mechanisms. We identified a total of 71 SY phytochemicals and 101 GDM proteins, resulting in 7171 molecular docking interactions. ABCC8 emerged as a primary target due to its high ligand binding affinities (-7.6 kcal/mol) and association scores (0.57). After conducting virtual pharmacokinetic and toxicity prediction analyses to ensure selection of safe compounds, four complexes were prioritized for subsequent molecular dynamics simulations and analysis, which were conducted for 100 ns in triplicate. Certain chemical classes, such as steroids and flavonoids, exhibited strong binding with ABCC8. Notably, batatasin III and abscisic acid (ABA) emerged as promising ligand choices, displaying minimal structural deviations and stable positioning within the binding pocket. The confirmation of batatasin III and ABA in SY samples via LC-MS/MS assays provided further support for these findings. This study enhances our understanding of SY’s bioactive properties and supports its potential as a cultivated medicinal plant with industrial significance. Further experimental research is needed to validate these findings.
{"title":"Biologically active compounds of Shan yao: Molecular mechanisms and implications for gestational diabetes mellitus through network pharmacology and metabolic profiling","authors":"Mingdi Li , Guoyu Yao , Xianshuang Qu , Qiaozhi Wu , Qinghong Chen , Andrew Hung , Angela Wei Hong Yang , Xiaoshan Zhao , Hong Li , Lin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shan yao (SY, <em>Dioscorea opposita</em> Thunb.), is a potential industrial crop with high-value bioactive components. It is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for diabetes-related symptoms. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is a specific form of diabetes characterized by abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. However, the mechanisms by which SY manages GDM remain unclear. This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds and assess the mechanisms of SY in managing GDM. We employed computational biomedical modelling and screening to explore the potential pharmacodynamics of the chemical components of SY and their mechanisms. We identified a total of 71 SY phytochemicals and 101 GDM proteins, resulting in 7171 molecular docking interactions. ABCC8 emerged as a primary target due to its high ligand binding affinities (-7.6 kcal/mol) and association scores (0.57). After conducting virtual pharmacokinetic and toxicity prediction analyses to ensure selection of safe compounds, four complexes were prioritized for subsequent molecular dynamics simulations and analysis, which were conducted for 100 ns in triplicate. Certain chemical classes, such as steroids and flavonoids, exhibited strong binding with ABCC8. Notably, batatasin III and abscisic acid (ABA) emerged as promising ligand choices, displaying minimal structural deviations and stable positioning within the binding pocket. The confirmation of batatasin III and ABA in SY samples via LC-MS/MS assays provided further support for these findings. This study enhances our understanding of SY’s bioactive properties and supports its potential as a cultivated medicinal plant with industrial significance. Further experimental research is needed to validate these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122653"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122621
Kuifu Men , Huaqiang Xuan , Jingrui Chen , Hongliang Li , Xuwei Chen , Yingle Jiao , Xianchao Shang , Yi Xie , Li Zhang , Long Yang , Ling Yuan , Sitakanta Pattanaik , Xin Hou
The fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs) is a critical process driven by microbial activity, which directly influences the degradation of macromolecules and the development of distinctive aromas. However, mechanisms for the directional regulation of this process using defined microbial consortia remain underexplored. This study aimed to construct a synthetic microbial community (SynCom) to enhance the fermentation efficiency and quality of cigar tobacco leaves. Bacillus safensis and Bacillus velezensis with high extracellular cellulase, amylase and protease activities were screened out, and synthetic communities were constructed. This microbial community was applied to cigar tobacco leaves (cultivar QX204) during a 42-day fermentation. The SynCom significantly accelerated the degradation of key macromolecules, reducing cellulose, protein, and starch contents by 52.48 %, 56.36 %, and 68.47 %, respectively, which were markedly greater reductions than those observed in the uninoculated control. Microbiome analysis revealed that inoculation shifted the bacterial community structure, increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and significantly enriching the genus Bacillus. Metabolomic profiling identified 31 differentially accumulated volatile flavor compounds, including phenylacetic acid, phytol, and farnesol, which were upregulated in the BsBv group and contributed to enhanced honey, floral, and baked aromas, while reducing irritancy. Integrated multi-omics analysis indicated that these improvements were associated with key metabolic pathways, notably pyruvate metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glycerolipid metabolism. Furthermore, partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) elucidated that the SynCom consortium directly modulated chemical components and indirectly improved sensory quality by mediating shifts in microbial β-diversity. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how functional SynComs can directionally improve tobacco leaf quality and offer a practical strategy for achieving efficient, high-quality cigar tobacco production.
{"title":"Synthetic microbial communities enhance tobacco quality by driving bacterial community succession and modulating metabolite profiles","authors":"Kuifu Men , Huaqiang Xuan , Jingrui Chen , Hongliang Li , Xuwei Chen , Yingle Jiao , Xianchao Shang , Yi Xie , Li Zhang , Long Yang , Ling Yuan , Sitakanta Pattanaik , Xin Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs) is a critical process driven by microbial activity, which directly influences the degradation of macromolecules and the development of distinctive aromas. However, mechanisms for the directional regulation of this process using defined microbial consortia remain underexplored. This study aimed to construct a synthetic microbial community (SynCom) to enhance the fermentation efficiency and quality of cigar tobacco leaves. <em>Bacillus safensis</em> and <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> with high extracellular cellulase, amylase and protease activities were screened out, and synthetic communities were constructed. This microbial community was applied to cigar tobacco leaves (cultivar QX204) during a 42-day fermentation. The SynCom significantly accelerated the degradation of key macromolecules, reducing cellulose, protein, and starch contents by 52.48 %, 56.36 %, and 68.47 %, respectively, which were markedly greater reductions than those observed in the uninoculated control. Microbiome analysis revealed that inoculation shifted the bacterial community structure, increasing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and significantly enriching the genus <em>Bacillus</em>. Metabolomic profiling identified 31 differentially accumulated volatile flavor compounds, including phenylacetic acid, phytol, and farnesol, which were upregulated in the BsBv group and contributed to enhanced honey, floral, and baked aromas, while reducing irritancy. Integrated multi-omics analysis indicated that these improvements were associated with key metabolic pathways, notably pyruvate metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and glycerolipid metabolism. Furthermore, partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) elucidated that the SynCom consortium directly modulated chemical components and indirectly improved sensory quality by mediating shifts in microbial β-diversity. These findings provide mechanistic insights into how functional SynComs can directionally improve tobacco leaf quality and offer a practical strategy for achieving efficient, high-quality cigar tobacco production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122621"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122591
Xiyue Wang , Zirui Yi , Wei Jiang , Xiaomei Li , Lijun Liu , Shoukun Dong
Soybean production is frequently limited by drought stress. While zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have shown potential in enhancing plant stress tolerance, their efficacy and toxicity under drought conditions remain poorly understood, especially in a genotype-dependent context. This study applied drought stress to two soybean varieties with significantly different drought resistance (drought-tolerant Heinong 87, HN87, and drought-sensitive Hefeng 55, HF55). The effects of foliar spraying with zinc oxide nanoparticles at different concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L) and application frequencies (1–6 times) were tested. Low concentrations of ZnO NPs (≤ 200 mg/L) significantly alleviated drought stress, enhancing root volume by up to 32.0 % in the tolerant variety and restoring stomatal conductance by 24.6 % in the sensitive variety. However, high concentration (400 mg/L) or excessive spray application (>3 times) induced significant toxicity, inhibiting root growth and reducing leaf fresh weight by more than 30.0 %. Low-dose ZnO NPs enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by 14.7–49.1 %, while high doses reduced it by 45.4–66.3 %, highlighting concentration-dependent effects. Regression modeling quantitatively defined the optimal spray frequency, with growth maxima occurring at or before 3 applications. Based on this model-derived optimum and the genotype-specific response patterns, we propose a precision application strategy: for drought-tolerant varieties, the model supports 100–200 mg/L sprayed up to 3 times as optimal, whereas for sensitive varieties, the data indicate a lower threshold of 50–100 mg/L is required to avoid toxicity. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the safe application of nanomaterials in agriculture.
{"title":"Mitigative effects and toxic risks of nano-zinc oxide on soybean under drought stress","authors":"Xiyue Wang , Zirui Yi , Wei Jiang , Xiaomei Li , Lijun Liu , Shoukun Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soybean production is frequently limited by drought stress. While zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have shown potential in enhancing plant stress tolerance, their efficacy and toxicity under drought conditions remain poorly understood, especially in a genotype-dependent context. This study applied drought stress to two soybean varieties with significantly different drought resistance (drought-tolerant Heinong 87, HN87, and drought-sensitive Hefeng 55, HF55). The effects of foliar spraying with zinc oxide nanoparticles at different concentrations (50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/L) and application frequencies (1–6 times) were tested. Low concentrations of ZnO NPs (≤ 200 mg/L) significantly alleviated drought stress, enhancing root volume by up to 32.0 % in the tolerant variety and restoring stomatal conductance by 24.6 % in the sensitive variety. However, high concentration (400 mg/L) or excessive spray application (>3 times) induced significant toxicity, inhibiting root growth and reducing leaf fresh weight by more than 30.0 %. Low-dose ZnO NPs enhanced photosynthetic efficiency by 14.7–49.1 %, while high doses reduced it by 45.4–66.3 %, highlighting concentration-dependent effects. Regression modeling quantitatively defined the optimal spray frequency, with growth maxima occurring at or before 3 applications. Based on this model-derived optimum and the genotype-specific response patterns, we propose a precision application strategy: for drought-tolerant varieties, the model supports 100–200 mg/L sprayed up to 3 times as optimal, whereas for sensitive varieties, the data indicate a lower threshold of 50–100 mg/L is required to avoid toxicity. This study provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the safe application of nanomaterials in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122591"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122630
Junsheng Yu , Zongtai Tang , Lei Zhu , Bing Gao , Jing Hong , Yujia Fang , Jiacheng Kang , Dan Sun , Hao Peng , Boyang He , Mahmoud M.A. Bakr , Yanting Wang , Liangcai Peng , Hua Yu
Efficient removal of diverse organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater remains a critical challenge. Although lignocellulose-derived biochar is a green adsorbent, its selectivity and adsorptive capacity are still limited for large-scale application. As Miscanthus is a dedicated bioenergy crop providing abundant lignin-rich biomass, this study first extracted lignin fractions from two Miscanthus sacchariflorus accessions (Msa01 and Msa24) with distinct guaiacyl (G) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) monomer proportions, and then generated biochar samples using ZnCl₂ as an activating agent at various temperatures. Among the total of 20 biochar samples obtained, two optimal biochar samples were obtained at 400°C, a significantly lower temperature relative to the most chemical-activations processes, but they both exhibited exceptionally high specific surface areas (>1500 m²/g) with distinct pore architectures, leading to size- and type-selective adsorptions. By comparison, the Msa01 biochar possessed a relatively smaller average pore size and volume than those of the Msa24 biochar, enabling superior uptake of the small dye methylene blue (541.9 mg/g), whereas the Msa24 biochar sample preferentially adsorbed larger organic molecules such as Reactive Blue 19 (1286.1 mg/g) and Tetracycline (731.9 mg/g). Both biochar samples also achieved effective removal of the inorganic contaminant Cr(VI) (381.2–392.1 mg/g), attributed to their exceptionally high surface areas and pore volumes. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic analyses indicated multilayer adsorption on the heterogeneous surfaces governed by active site availability, and molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that adsorption was driven by strong non-covalent interactions. In addition, two biochar samples showed excellent recyclability, retaining up to 97 % of initial adsorption capacity after five cycles. This work thus demonstrates a sustainable and energy-efficient strategy for valorizing lignin-rich agricultural residues into hierarchical porous biochar with tunable molecular-size selectivity for remediation of multiple pollutants.
{"title":"Low-temperature ZnCl₂ activation of distinct Miscanthus lignin as highly-porous biochar assembly for efficient removal of organic dyes, tetracycline and Cr(VI)","authors":"Junsheng Yu , Zongtai Tang , Lei Zhu , Bing Gao , Jing Hong , Yujia Fang , Jiacheng Kang , Dan Sun , Hao Peng , Boyang He , Mahmoud M.A. Bakr , Yanting Wang , Liangcai Peng , Hua Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient removal of diverse organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewater remains a critical challenge<em>.</em> Although lignocellulose-derived biochar is a green adsorbent, its selectivity and adsorptive capacity are still limited for large-scale application. As <em>Miscanthus</em> is a dedicated bioenergy crop providing abundant lignin-rich biomass, this study first extracted lignin fractions from two <em>Miscanthus sacchariflorus</em> accessions (Msa01 and Msa24) with distinct guaiacyl (G) and <em>p</em>-hydroxyphenyl (H) monomer proportions, and then generated biochar samples using ZnCl₂ as an activating agent at various temperatures. Among the total of 20 biochar samples obtained, two optimal biochar samples were obtained at 400°C, a significantly lower temperature relative to the most chemical-activations processes, but they both exhibited exceptionally high specific surface areas (>1500 m²/g) with distinct pore architectures, leading to size- and type-selective adsorptions. By comparison, the Msa01 biochar possessed a relatively smaller average pore size and volume than those of the Msa24 biochar, enabling superior uptake of the small dye methylene blue (541.9 mg/g), whereas the Msa24 biochar sample preferentially adsorbed larger organic molecules such as Reactive Blue 19 (1286.1 mg/g) and Tetracycline (731.9 mg/g). Both biochar samples also achieved effective removal of the inorganic contaminant Cr(VI) (381.2–392.1 mg/g), attributed to their exceptionally high surface areas and pore volumes. Adsorption isotherm and kinetic analyses indicated multilayer adsorption on the heterogeneous surfaces governed by active site availability, and molecular dynamics simulations further revealed that adsorption was driven by strong non-covalent interactions. In addition, two biochar samples showed excellent recyclability, retaining up to 97 % of initial adsorption capacity after five cycles. This work thus demonstrates a sustainable and energy-efficient strategy for valorizing lignin-rich agricultural residues into hierarchical porous biochar with tunable molecular-size selectivity for remediation of multiple pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122630"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122642
Yihan Zhu , Jie Shen , Yilei Zhang , Gang Zhang , Jing Gao , Xinjie Yang , Fusheng Zhang , Yonggang Yan , Bingyue Yang , Liang Peng
The therapeutic efficacy of medicinal plants is intrinsically linked to the spatial distribution of their bioactive constituents, yet this critical aspect has been largely uncharacterized due to technical limitations in metabolite localization. Here, we employ high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) at 50 μm resolution to investigate the spatial metabolomics of P. tenuifolia and P. sibirica roots, two pharmacologically important species with documented neuroprotective properties. Our analysis revealed distinct species-specific chemotypes: P. tenuifolia showed predominant accumulation of oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, including tenuifolin, senegenin and their biosynthetic precursor polygalic acid, with specific localization in the secondary phloem and periderm. In contrast, P. sibirica displayed a broad distribution of flavonoid glycosides (e.g., hyperoside and quercitrin) and xanthones (e.g., polygalaxanthone XI), along with enrichment of sucrose esters such as 3′,6-disinapoylsucrose. Multivariate statistical analysis confirmed a clear metabolic divergence between the species (OPLS-DA: R²Y = 0.999, Q² = 0.981), identifying ten key biomarkers with VIP > 1.0. Spatial co-localization and segmentation analyses further indicated greater complexity and finer regulation of metabolite distribution in P. tenuifolia compared with the relatively simplified organization in P. sibirica, suggesting species-specific metabolic regulation strategies. Functional validation in BV-2 microglial cells demonstrated that both extracts (60 μg/mL) significantly suppressed LPS-induced NO overproduction and reduced microglial activation, supporting their anti-neuroinflammatory potential. This integrated strategy not only clarifies tissue-specific localization of bioactive metabolites but also establishes a scientific basis for quality assessment, species authentication, and optimized utilization of these medicinal resources. Our findings underscore spatial metabolomics as a transformative approach for linking phytochemical profiling with pharmacological validation in medicinal plant research.
{"title":"Spatial metabolome of Polygala tenuifolia and Polygala sibirica roots by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging","authors":"Yihan Zhu , Jie Shen , Yilei Zhang , Gang Zhang , Jing Gao , Xinjie Yang , Fusheng Zhang , Yonggang Yan , Bingyue Yang , Liang Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The therapeutic efficacy of medicinal plants is intrinsically linked to the spatial distribution of their bioactive constituents, yet this critical aspect has been largely uncharacterized due to technical limitations in metabolite localization. Here, we employ high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) at 50 μm resolution to investigate the spatial metabolomics of <em>P. tenuifolia</em> and <em>P. sibirica</em> roots, two pharmacologically important species with documented neuroprotective properties. Our analysis revealed distinct species-specific chemotypes: <em>P. tenuifolia</em> showed predominant accumulation of oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins, including tenuifolin, senegenin and their biosynthetic precursor polygalic acid, with specific localization in the secondary phloem and periderm. In contrast, <em>P. sibirica</em> displayed a broad distribution of flavonoid glycosides (e.g., hyperoside and quercitrin) and xanthones (e.g., polygalaxanthone XI), along with enrichment of sucrose esters such as 3′,6-disinapoylsucrose. Multivariate statistical analysis confirmed a clear metabolic divergence between the species (OPLS-DA: R²Y = 0.999, Q² = 0.981), identifying ten key biomarkers with VIP > 1.0. Spatial co-localization and segmentation analyses further indicated greater complexity and finer regulation of metabolite distribution in <em>P. tenuifolia</em> compared with the relatively simplified organization in <em>P. sibirica</em>, suggesting species-specific metabolic regulation strategies. Functional validation in BV-2 microglial cells demonstrated that both extracts (60 μg/mL) significantly suppressed LPS-induced NO overproduction and reduced microglial activation, supporting their anti-neuroinflammatory potential. This integrated strategy not only clarifies tissue-specific localization of bioactive metabolites but also establishes a scientific basis for quality assessment, species authentication, and optimized utilization of these medicinal resources. Our findings underscore spatial metabolomics as a transformative approach for linking phytochemical profiling with pharmacological validation in medicinal plant research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122642"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122658
Chenggong Gao , Yun Liu , Xinjie Cui , Junji Matsumura
UV irradiation accelerates lignin photodegradation and drives rapid deterioration of wood surfaces, severely limiting outdoor service life. Teak, a naturally durable species, contains extractives that may provide intrinsic photoprotection. In this study, natural extractives were removed from teak using Soxhlet extraction. The unextracted and extracted samples were irradiated with UV for 576 h, after which their surface properties were evaluated and the corresponding extractives were analyzed by GC-MS. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of extractives against wood photodegradation and to elucidate their transformation mechanisms. Results showed that the extracted group experienced more severe photodegradation: greater colour change (ΔE = 22.47) compared to the unextracted group (ΔE = 12.94), increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity, and more pronounced chemical oxidation. GC-MS analysis revealed that after 576 h of UV irradiation, squalene disappeared completely from the teak extractives (compared to 38.62 % before irradiation), and the content of 2-methylanthraquinone decreased from 20.16 % to 11.47 %. Mechanistically, squalene acts as a singlet-oxygen quencher with antioxidant effects, whereas anthraquinone derivatives serve as competitive UV absorbers that delay lignin photodegradation. Overall, teak extractives significantly mitigate UV-driven surface deterioration, highlighting their potential as eco-friendly and efficient photostabilizers for wood.
{"title":"The evolution of teak extractives under UV exposure and their impact on wood surface properties","authors":"Chenggong Gao , Yun Liu , Xinjie Cui , Junji Matsumura","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>UV irradiation accelerates lignin photodegradation and drives rapid deterioration of wood surfaces, severely limiting outdoor service life. Teak, a naturally durable species, contains extractives that may provide intrinsic photoprotection. In this study, natural extractives were removed from teak using Soxhlet extraction. The unextracted and extracted samples were irradiated with UV for 576 h, after which their surface properties were evaluated and the corresponding extractives were analyzed by GC-MS. This study aimed to assess the protective effects of extractives against wood photodegradation and to elucidate their transformation mechanisms. Results showed that the extracted group experienced more severe photodegradation: greater colour change (ΔE = 22.47) compared to the unextracted group (ΔE = 12.94), increased surface roughness and hydrophilicity, and more pronounced chemical oxidation. GC-MS analysis revealed that after 576 h of UV irradiation, squalene disappeared completely from the teak extractives (compared to 38.62 % before irradiation), and the content of 2-methylanthraquinone decreased from 20.16 % to 11.47 %. Mechanistically, squalene acts as a singlet-oxygen quencher with antioxidant effects, whereas anthraquinone derivatives serve as competitive UV absorbers that delay lignin photodegradation. Overall, teak extractives significantly mitigate UV-driven surface deterioration, highlighting their potential as eco-friendly and efficient photostabilizers for wood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122658"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145956705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Albizia julibrissin flowers (AJF), known as “He Huan Hua,” are widely used as scented tea and herbal medicine in China. During flower maturation, significant changes in metabolite composition occur. To explore the quality alterations of AJF at different development stages, phytochemical assays combined with bioactivity evaluation were conducted. Tight buds exhibited stronger antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory activities than fully opened flowers, despite containing lower levels of conventional quality indicators (quercitrin, total flavonoids, and total phenolics). To characterize metabolic dynamics during AJF development, untargeted metabolomics was used and identified 227 differential metabolites, of which 49 showed consistent changes across all three stages. Distinct stage-specific metabolic patterns were observed, with carotenoids and procyanidins enriched in tight buds, anthocyanins and fatty acyls in mature buds, and triterpenoids in fully opened flowers. Moreover, several differential metabolites enriched in tight buds, including lutein, avicularin, procyanidin B2, and ginsenoside Rh2, showed associations with anti-neuroinflammatory activity based on in vitro evaluation. In conclusion, stage-dependent metabolic reprogramming contributes to significant quality variation in the development of AJF. These findings provide a foundation for optimizing harvest timing and supporting graded utilization of AJF based on metabolic signatures.
{"title":"Metabolomics reveals stage-dependent metabolic dynamics associated with quality variation during the development of Albizia julibrissin flower","authors":"Yijie Cheng , Ruihuan Chen , Feng Chen , Chaoshen Wu , Yiqing Zhou , Xia Tian , Da Qian , Jingyuan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Albizia julibrissin</em> flowers (AJF), known as “He Huan Hua,” are widely used as scented tea and herbal medicine in China. During flower maturation, significant changes in metabolite composition occur. To explore the quality alterations of AJF at different development stages, phytochemical assays combined with bioactivity evaluation were conducted. Tight buds exhibited stronger antioxidant and anti-neuroinflammatory activities than fully opened flowers, despite containing lower levels of conventional quality indicators (quercitrin, total flavonoids, and total phenolics). To characterize metabolic dynamics during AJF development, untargeted metabolomics was used and identified 227 differential metabolites, of which 49 showed consistent changes across all three stages. Distinct stage-specific metabolic patterns were observed, with carotenoids and procyanidins enriched in tight buds, anthocyanins and fatty acyls in mature buds, and triterpenoids in fully opened flowers. Moreover, several differential metabolites enriched in tight buds, including lutein, avicularin, procyanidin B2, and ginsenoside Rh<sub>2</sub>, showed associations with anti-neuroinflammatory activity based on <em>in vitro</em> evaluation. In conclusion, stage-dependent metabolic reprogramming contributes to significant quality variation in the development of AJF. These findings provide a foundation for optimizing harvest timing and supporting graded utilization of AJF based on metabolic signatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122657"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122622
Ying Zhang , Shengnan Xie , Ye Zhang , Xiaoqing Tang , Zhonghua Tang , Ying Liu , Dewen Li
Cimicifuga dahurica (C. dahurica) is an important medicinal plant in the northern region of China. The rhizobacteria could serve as a crucial resource foundation for high-quality fertilizers, thereby promoting plant growth. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three rhizobacteria strains on the growth, antioxidant activity, and metabolite profile of Cimicifuga dahurica (C. dahurica). One-year-old C. dahurica seedlings were used as experimental material, from which different rhizobacteria were isolated and irrigated the roots respectively. The used rhizobacteria strains were identified respectively as SM1 (Pantoea agglomerans), SM2 (Citrobacter freundii), and SM3 (Bacillus toyonensis) according to the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results showed that compared with CK, the plant growth characteristics and oxidative stress response traits were differently promoted under different rhizobacteria treatments. It was most effective for promoting overall plant growth and enhancing antioxidant capacity under SM3 treatment, while oxidative stress was significantly reduced under SM1 treatment. KEGG analysis showed that the pathways of galactose metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly regulated under different SMs treatments. Correlation analysis further verified that there was a significantly positive relationship between biomass and D-Glucose under SM3 treatments, and D-mannitol played a key role in root development under SM2 treatment. This research proved that three rhizobacteria strains significantly enhanced the growth of C.dahurica, with SM3 exhibiting the most promoted effect on growth. These findings provide a novel perspective on exploring the metabolic mechanisms by which rhizobacteria influence plant growth, and offer high-quality bacterial manure germplasm resources for the efficient cultivation of medicinal materials.
{"title":"A study on the metabolic characteristics of three rhizosphere bacteria promoting the growth of C.dahurica Maxim (Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.))","authors":"Ying Zhang , Shengnan Xie , Ye Zhang , Xiaoqing Tang , Zhonghua Tang , Ying Liu , Dewen Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.122622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cimicifuga dahurica</em> (<em>C. dahurica</em>) is an important medicinal plant in the northern region of China. The rhizobacteria could serve as a crucial resource foundation for high-quality fertilizers, thereby promoting plant growth. This study aimed to investigate the effects of three rhizobacteria strains on the growth, antioxidant activity, and metabolite profile of <em>Cimicifuga dahurica</em> (<em>C. dahurica</em>). One-year-old <em>C. dahurica</em> seedlings were used as experimental material, from which different rhizobacteria were isolated and irrigated the roots respectively. The used rhizobacteria strains were identified respectively as SM1 (<em>Pantoea agglomerans</em>), SM2 (<em>Citrobacter freundii</em>), and SM3 (<em>Bacillus toyonensis</em>) according to the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The results showed that compared with CK, the plant growth characteristics and oxidative stress response traits were differently promoted under different rhizobacteria treatments. It was most effective for promoting overall plant growth and enhancing antioxidant capacity under SM3 treatment, while oxidative stress was significantly reduced under SM1 treatment. KEGG analysis showed that the pathways of galactose metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism were significantly regulated under different SMs treatments. Correlation analysis further verified that there was a significantly positive relationship between biomass and <span>D</span>-Glucose under SM3 treatments, and <span>D</span>-mannitol played a key role in root development under SM2 treatment. This research proved that three rhizobacteria strains significantly enhanced the growth of <em>C.dahurica</em>, with SM3 exhibiting the most promoted effect on growth. These findings provide a novel perspective on exploring the metabolic mechanisms by which rhizobacteria influence plant growth, and offer high-quality bacterial manure germplasm resources for the efficient cultivation of medicinal materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 122622"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145923929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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