Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122847
Ying Zhang , Yi-Na Wang , Qi-Ze Liu , Run Yang , Zhuo Ma , Chun-Yue Lu , Si-Mei He , Bing Hao , Guang-Hui Zhang , Sheng-Chao Yang
Pseudoginsenoside F11 (PF11), a rare ocotillol-type saponin with neuroprotective and anti-ischemic properties. The crucial rhamnosyltransferase, for its final glycosylation step has yet to be identified. This study conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the UGT family in Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus and performed in vitro enzyme activity validation, identifying the UDP-rhamnosyltransferase PviUGT74, which can catalyze the C6-O-rhamnosylation of PRT5 to produce PF11. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity at near-neutral pH and moderate temperature, with strict specificity for UDP-rhamnosyltransferase. Homologs from six other Panax species exhibited similar activity, indicating strong evolutionary conservation. Molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis identified seven critical residues (H21, D120, E273, W355, G356, Y375, E376) essential for catalysis. Synteny analysis suggested that PviUGT74 arose from transpositional duplication, followed by neofunctionalization. This study clarifies the final enzymatic step of PF11 biosynthesis and lays a mechanistic and biotechnological foundation for its sustainable production through engineered biosynthesis, minimizing dependence on plant extraction.
伪人参皂苷F11 （PF11）是一种罕见的具有神经保护和抗缺血特性的茴香醇型皂苷。关键的鼠李糖基转移酶，其最后的糖基化步骤尚未确定。本研究对越南人参（Panax viet ensis var. fuscidiscus） UGT家族进行了全面的全基因组分析，并进行了体外酶活性验证，鉴定出udp -鼠李糖基转移酶PviUGT74，该酶可催化PRT5的c6 - o -鼠李糖基化生成PF11。该酶在接近中性的pH和中等温度下表现出最佳的活性，对udp -鼠李糖基转移酶具有严格的特异性。其他六种人参的同源物也表现出类似的活性，表明具有很强的进化保守性。分子对接和定点突变鉴定出7个催化必需的关键残基（H21、D120、E273、W355、G356、Y375、E376）。Synteny分析表明PviUGT74起源于转位复制，然后是新功能化。本研究阐明了PF11生物合成的最后酶法步骤，为通过工程生物合成实现PF11的可持续生产奠定了机制和生物技术基础，最大限度地减少了对植物提取的依赖。
{"title":"A UDP-rhamnosyltransferase (PviUGT74) in Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus completing pseudoginsenoside F11 biosynthesis","authors":"Ying Zhang , Yi-Na Wang , Qi-Ze Liu , Run Yang , Zhuo Ma , Chun-Yue Lu , Si-Mei He , Bing Hao , Guang-Hui Zhang , Sheng-Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudoginsenoside F<sub>11</sub> (PF<sub>11</sub>), a rare ocotillol-type saponin with neuroprotective and anti-ischemic properties. The crucial rhamnosyltransferase, for its final glycosylation step has yet to be identified. This study conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the UGT family in <em>Panax vietnamensis</em> var. <em>fuscidiscus</em> and performed in vitro enzyme activity validation, identifying the UDP-rhamnosyltransferase PviUGT74, which can catalyze the C6-<em>O</em>-rhamnosylation of PRT<sub>5</sub> to produce PF<sub>11</sub>. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity at near-neutral pH and moderate temperature, with strict specificity for UDP-rhamnosyltransferase. Homologs from six other Panax species exhibited similar activity, indicating strong evolutionary conservation. Molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis identified seven critical residues (H21, D120, E273, W355, G356, Y375, E376) essential for catalysis. Synteny analysis suggested that PviUGT74 arose from transpositional duplication, followed by neofunctionalization. This study clarifies the final enzymatic step of PF<sub>11</sub> biosynthesis and lays a mechanistic and biotechnological foundation for its sustainable production through engineered biosynthesis, minimizing dependence on plant extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122847"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of superheated steam and conventional torrefaction of pine wood: Solid product properties, productivity, and process evaluation","authors":"Nannan Wu, Dongdong Zhang, Yifan Zhang, Jianchun Jiang, Yi Liu, Haibo Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122841","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study systematically investigates carbon black–filled natural rubber (NR) and ether-based urethane rubber (UR) blends with emphasis on blend ratio optimization and compatibilizer selection. The work was conducted in two stages: (i) evaluation of NR/UR blend ratios and (ii) assessment of different compatibilizers, including epoxidized natural rubber with 25 and 50 mol% epoxide content (ENR25 and ENR50) and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR), at a defined NR/UR ratio of 90/10. Increasing UR content from 0 to 40 phr led to a reduction in tensile strength, accompanied by a 15–35 % decrease in torque difference, reflecting diminished crosslink density and reduced strain-induced crystallization of NR. Incorporation of ENR significantly improved processability, reducing Mooney viscosity by up to ∼18 % compared with the uncompatibilized blend. ENR25 provided the most balanced performance, slightly increasing tensile strength, markedly improving tear resistance (∼25 %), reducing abrasion loss (∼10 %), and maintaining comparable cure characteristics. In contrast, ENR50 caused a dilution effect, leading to inferior mechanical performance, while NBR resulted in prolonged optimum cure time, suggesting limited co-vulcanization. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed the superiority of ENR25 through a reduced Payne effect and lower tan δ at 60 °C (∼7 %), corresponding to improved filler dispersion and reduced rolling resistance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further verified enhanced interfacial interactions between NR and UR phases. Overall, the NR/UR (90/10) blend compatibilized with ENR25 is a promising formulation for applications requiring balanced processability, durability, and energy efficiency.
{"title":"Comparative effects of epoxy and acrylonitrile functional groups on the properties of carbon black–filled natural rubber/ether-based urethane rubber blends","authors":"Ammarin Kraibut , Sirada Nongneung , Panita Sumanatrakul , Indriasari , Akito Takasaki , Ismail Ibrahim , Jacques W.M. Noordermeer , Yeampon Nakaramontri , Suppachai Sattayanurak","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates carbon black–filled natural rubber (NR) and ether-based urethane rubber (UR) blends with emphasis on blend ratio optimization and compatibilizer selection. The work was conducted in two stages: (i) evaluation of NR/UR blend ratios and (ii) assessment of different compatibilizers, including epoxidized natural rubber with 25 and 50 mol% epoxide content (ENR25 and ENR50) and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR), at a defined NR/UR ratio of 90/10. Increasing UR content from 0 to 40 phr led to a reduction in tensile strength, accompanied by a 15–35 % decrease in torque difference, reflecting diminished crosslink density and reduced strain-induced crystallization of NR. Incorporation of ENR significantly improved processability, reducing Mooney viscosity by up to ∼18 % compared with the uncompatibilized blend. ENR25 provided the most balanced performance, slightly increasing tensile strength, markedly improving tear resistance (∼25 %), reducing abrasion loss (∼10 %), and maintaining comparable cure characteristics. In contrast, ENR50 caused a dilution effect, leading to inferior mechanical performance, while NBR resulted in prolonged optimum cure time, suggesting limited co-vulcanization. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed the superiority of ENR25 through a reduced Payne effect and lower tan δ at 60 °C (∼7 %), corresponding to improved filler dispersion and reduced rolling resistance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further verified enhanced interfacial interactions between NR and UR phases. Overall, the NR/UR (90/10) blend compatibilized with ENR25 is a promising formulation for applications requiring balanced processability, durability, and energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122818"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122826
Dawid Mikulski, Grzegorz Kłosowski
The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in combination with microwave radiation is intriguing due to the potential for more comprehensive utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass in bioconversion processes. However, it is crucial to reduce material costs by employing aqueous solutions of DES or recirculating them. Our study aimed to assess the impact of microwave-assisted pretreatment with selected aqueous DES solutions on the effectiveness of biomass ingredient hydrolysis using cellulases and hemicellulases. The study also evaluated the possibility of recirculating an aqueous solution of choline chloride and imidazole as an agent facilitating effective biomass delignification under microwave conditions. Research demonstrated an increase in the susceptibility of various types of biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis following pretreatment with DES. The highest efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis (95.3 % and 97.5 %, respectively) was achieved for oat hull biomass pretreated with a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, and for brewer’s spent grain biomass pretreated with a mixture of choline chloride and glycerol. It was also demonstrated that a DES solution of choline chloride and imidazole can be regenerated and recirculated during effective microwave-assisted delignification of biomass over five cycles. The presented pretreatment method can be effectively applied to prepare oat hull biomass and brewer’s spent grain biomass for enzymatic degradation of cellulose. The demonstrated possibility of regenerating and recirculating DES solutions in microwave-assisted pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass reduces the environmental impact of the process and lowers material costs.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted pretreatment with aqueous solutions of deep eutectic solvents for enhanced enzymatic saccharification of oat hull and brewer’s spent grain","authors":"Dawid Mikulski, Grzegorz Kłosowski","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in combination with microwave radiation is intriguing due to the potential for more comprehensive utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass in bioconversion processes. However, it is crucial to reduce material costs by employing aqueous solutions of DES or recirculating them. Our study aimed to assess the impact of microwave-assisted pretreatment with selected aqueous DES solutions on the effectiveness of biomass ingredient hydrolysis using cellulases and hemicellulases. The study also evaluated the possibility of recirculating an aqueous solution of choline chloride and imidazole as an agent facilitating effective biomass delignification under microwave conditions. Research demonstrated an increase in the susceptibility of various types of biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis following pretreatment with DES. The highest efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis (95.3 % and 97.5 %, respectively) was achieved for oat hull biomass pretreated with a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, and for brewer’s spent grain biomass pretreated with a mixture of choline chloride and glycerol. It was also demonstrated that a DES solution of choline chloride and imidazole can be regenerated and recirculated during effective microwave-assisted delignification of biomass over five cycles. The presented pretreatment method can be effectively applied to prepare oat hull biomass and brewer’s spent grain biomass for enzymatic degradation of cellulose. The demonstrated possibility of regenerating and recirculating DES solutions in microwave-assisted pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass reduces the environmental impact of the process and lowers material costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122826"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122824
Linjuan Huang, Luocan Zhou, Yandi Qin, Yishan Luo, Hongying Li, Jingzhong Shi, Le Kong, Weichao Teng
{"title":"Silicon-mediated alleviation of aluminum toxicity in Eucalyptus species: Distinct Al uptake, microbial and metabolic mechanisms in sensitive and tolerant species","authors":"Linjuan Huang, Luocan Zhou, Yandi Qin, Yishan Luo, Hongying Li, Jingzhong Shi, Le Kong, Weichao Teng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122770
Ke Hu , Bingbing Cai , Xingmei Gao , Takeshi Fujino , Kokyo Oh , Hongyan Cheng , Jianning Chang , Na Liu , Yuwei Jin , Weiqian Wang , Haibo Zhang
Pretreatment is a critical stage in the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to biofuels. Herein, a sustainable and efficient pretreatment strategy coupling H2O2 oxidation with UV/TiO2 film photocatalysis was developed to reduce the structural recalcitrance of corn straw. A synergistic interaction occurred between H2O2 oxidation and UV/TiO2 film photocatalysis, with hydroxyl radical (OH) playing a pivotal role in increasing the effectiveness of the combined pretreatment. The optimal pretreatment conditions were identified as a four-layer TiO2 film, 0.6 g/g H2O2 loading, pH 11, and a temperature of 65 °C for 6 h. At the optimal pretreatment parameters, lignin and hemicellulose removal reached 79.0 % and 65.3 %, respectively, which promoted an increase in glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of straw to 85.6 %. Moreover, possible mechanisms underlying the H2O2 and UV/TiO2 film pretreatment of straw were proposed. Collectively, this pretreatment strategy offers a novel, efficient, and environmentally sustainable approach that introduces no environmental pollutants, providing valuable insights for the biomass refining industry.
{"title":"Coupled H2O2 oxidation and UV/TiO2 film photocatalysis pretreatment: A sustainable strategy to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of corn straw","authors":"Ke Hu , Bingbing Cai , Xingmei Gao , Takeshi Fujino , Kokyo Oh , Hongyan Cheng , Jianning Chang , Na Liu , Yuwei Jin , Weiqian Wang , Haibo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pretreatment is a critical stage in the conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to biofuels. Herein, a sustainable and efficient pretreatment strategy coupling H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> oxidation with UV/TiO<sub>2</sub> film photocatalysis was developed to reduce the structural recalcitrance of corn straw. A synergistic interaction occurred between H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> oxidation and UV/TiO<sub>2</sub> film photocatalysis, with hydroxyl radical (OH) playing a pivotal role in increasing the effectiveness of the combined pretreatment. The optimal pretreatment conditions were identified as a four-layer TiO<sub>2</sub> film, 0.6 g/g H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> loading, pH 11, and a temperature of 65 °C for 6 h. At the optimal pretreatment parameters, lignin and hemicellulose removal reached 79.0 % and 65.3 %, respectively, which promoted an increase in glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of straw to 85.6 %. Moreover, possible mechanisms underlying the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and UV/TiO<sub>2</sub> film pretreatment of straw were proposed. Collectively, this pretreatment strategy offers a novel, efficient, and environmentally sustainable approach that introduces no environmental pollutants, providing valuable insights for the biomass refining industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122770"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122845
Hao Wu, Yisheng Si, Teng Wang, Ruidi Hao, Lei Wang, Yamei Wang
Traditional wood preservatives containing heavy metals (e.g., chromated copper arsenate, CCA) are increasingly restricted owing to their persistence and ecotoxicity. Botanical extracts derived from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have emerged as promising green alternatives for wood protection. However, their industrial application is hindered by limitations such as leachability, environmental instability and moderate efficacy. This review examines three key enhancement strategies: synergistic formulation to boost antifungal efficacy; nanotechnology (e.g., TiO2, SiO2, carbon dots) to improve leaching resistance and durability via encapsulation; and stimuli-responsive systems for targeted, on-demand release, reducing overall dosage. Nevertheless, this review highlights that these technologies may introduce new challenges, including unclear mechanisms of combination, potential ecotoxicity of nanomaterials, and concerns regarding the reliability of stimuli-responsive release systems (e.g., pH-/enzyme-triggered) in real-world environments. Finally, it is emphasized that future research must transcend laboratory-scale performance optimization to incorporate holistic life cycle assessment (LCA) and ecotoxicological evaluations. The integration of emerging concepts, such as deep eutectic solvents (DES) for green extraction, is crucial for developing practical, sustainable, and efficient wood preservation systems derived from industrial crops. Overall, these advanced strategies demonstrate the potential of CHM-based preservatives as effective and sustainable alternatives, supporting the transition towards greener wood protection.
{"title":"Enhancing wood preservatives from cultivated Chinese herbal medicines: A review of synergistic formulation, nano-modification, and smart release technologies","authors":"Hao Wu, Yisheng Si, Teng Wang, Ruidi Hao, Lei Wang, Yamei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122845","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional wood preservatives containing heavy metals (e.g., chromated copper arsenate, CCA) are increasingly restricted owing to their persistence and ecotoxicity. Botanical extracts derived from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have emerged as promising green alternatives for wood protection. However, their industrial application is hindered by limitations such as leachability, environmental instability and moderate efficacy. This review examines three key enhancement strategies: synergistic formulation to boost antifungal efficacy; nanotechnology (e.g., TiO<sub>2</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, carbon dots) to improve leaching resistance and durability via encapsulation; and stimuli-responsive systems for targeted, on-demand release, reducing overall dosage. Nevertheless, this review highlights that these technologies may introduce new challenges, including unclear mechanisms of combination, potential ecotoxicity of nanomaterials, and concerns regarding the reliability of stimuli-responsive release systems (e.g., pH-/enzyme-triggered) in real-world environments. Finally, it is emphasized that future research must transcend laboratory-scale performance optimization to incorporate holistic life cycle assessment (LCA) and ecotoxicological evaluations. The integration of emerging concepts, such as deep eutectic solvents (DES) for green extraction, is crucial for developing practical, sustainable, and efficient wood preservation systems derived from industrial crops. Overall, these advanced strategies demonstrate the potential of CHM-based preservatives as effective and sustainable alternatives, supporting the transition towards greener wood protection.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"320 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146121997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122819
Xiaotong Yang , Hongyang Zhang , Waseem Mushtaq , Junzhe Zhao , Mi Lei , Sainan Peng , Shijuan Wu , Shumin Feng , Huanran Yuan , Dahui Liu
Cadmium (Cd) pollutant poses severe risks to ecosystems. Identifying suitable plant species with large biomass, economic value, and stable Cd tolerance and accumulation is urgently needed for Cd removal. Here, Artemisia argyi cultivar ‘Xiang Ai’ (XA) exhibited remarkable Cd tolerance together with sustained and stable Cd-accumulation capacity throughout its entire growth period. Normal growth was maintained even under 100 mg/kg Cd exposure, and a stable Cd-enrichment level of 7045.74 μg per plant was recorded. Cd was predominantly accumulated in the aboveground organs, particularly in the lower leaves. Physiological, biochemical, and multi-omics analyses revealed that its Cd tolerance was mainly achieved through a coordinated antioxidant defense system, in which enhanced SOD-mediated enzymatic activity acted synergistically with hispidulin-enriched non-enzymatic protection driven by the upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Moreover, hispidulin was further suggested to potentiate SOD activity, thereby reinforcing the enzymatic detoxification of ROS. Additionally, hispidulin was implicated as a putative signaling molecule capable of recruiting Cd-tolerant rhizosphere microorganisms (e.g., norank_o_Chloroplast), which further strengthened Cd resistance in XA. Collectively, this study provides new insights into the Cd tolerance mechanisms of A. argyi, and establishes a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of Cd-contaminated soils and the safe utilization of hyperaccumulative medicinal plant resources.
{"title":"Hispidulin mediates long-term cadmium tolerance and accumulation capacity in Artemisia argyi","authors":"Xiaotong Yang , Hongyang Zhang , Waseem Mushtaq , Junzhe Zhao , Mi Lei , Sainan Peng , Shijuan Wu , Shumin Feng , Huanran Yuan , Dahui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cadmium (Cd) pollutant poses severe risks to ecosystems. Identifying suitable plant species with large biomass, economic value, and stable Cd tolerance and accumulation is urgently needed for Cd removal. Here, <em>Artemisia argyi</em> cultivar ‘Xiang Ai’ (XA) exhibited remarkable Cd tolerance together with sustained and stable Cd-accumulation capacity throughout its entire growth period. Normal growth was maintained even under 100 mg/kg Cd exposure, and a stable Cd-enrichment level of 7045.74 μg per plant was recorded. Cd was predominantly accumulated in the aboveground organs, particularly in the lower leaves. Physiological, biochemical, and multi-omics analyses revealed that its Cd tolerance was mainly achieved through a coordinated antioxidant defense system, in which enhanced SOD-mediated enzymatic activity acted synergistically with hispidulin-enriched non-enzymatic protection driven by the upregulation of flavonoid biosynthesis genes. Moreover, hispidulin was further suggested to potentiate SOD activity, thereby reinforcing the enzymatic detoxification of ROS. Additionally, hispidulin was implicated as a putative signaling molecule capable of recruiting Cd-tolerant rhizosphere microorganisms (e.g., norank_o_Chloroplast), which further strengthened Cd resistance in XA. Collectively, this study provides new insights into the Cd tolerance mechanisms of <em>A. argyi</em>, and establishes a theoretical basis for ecological restoration of Cd-contaminated soils and the safe utilization of hyperaccumulative medicinal plant resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122819"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122839
Nilo M. Robles Carrillo , Carlos Méndez-Durazno , Pablo A. Cisneros-Pérez , Luis Corredor-González , Valeria Ramirez , Diego Bolaños-Mendez , Danilo Escobar-Avello , Alexis Debut , Oscar M. Rodríguez-Narvaez , Patricio J. Espinoza-Montero
Carbonaceous materials derived from biomass are increasingly recognized as promising precursors for bioenergy applications due to their complex microarchitectures, environmental compatibility, and capacity for scalable production. Nevertheless, the direct utilization of raw biomass remains constrained by its inherent recalcitrance, which limits conversion efficiency and overall process performance. In this study, the bioenergy potential of Plukenetia volubilis L. (Sacha-inchi) shell and husk were systematically evaluated through physicochemical characterization, pyrolysis kinetic modelling, and thermal behavior analysis. The thermal decomposition kinetics were determined using isoconversional approaches at heating rates of 2.5, 5, and 10 °C·min⁻1. Biochar was produced in a tubular furnace and subsequently analyzed to assess its physicochemical attributes. The higher heating values of Sacha-inchi shell and husk were 19.24 and 15.84 MJ·kg⁻1, respectively. Structural analyses using XRD and FTIR confirmed the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, indicating suitability for biochemical extraction and renewable fuel production. Kinetic analysis using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) method showed average activation energies of 219.70 kJ·mol⁻1 for the shell and 167.23 kJ·mol⁻1 for the husk, with the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO) method yielding closely comparable results. The thermodynamic parameters of the raw biomass further demonstrated its appropriateness for pyrolytic conversion. Overall, these findings highlight the potential of Sacha-inchi by-products as valuable feedstocks for bioenergy generation and related biorefinery applications.
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