Zearalenone (ZEN), a Fusarium-derived estrogenic mycotoxin, frequently contaminates Coix seeds and other grains, posing a food-safety and quality-control challenge because of the complex matrix and trace-level residue limits. Here, we developed a simulation-guided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) for the rapid and selective enrichment of ZEN prior to LC–MS/MS determination. A pharmacophore model, DFT calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations were combined to identify cyclohexyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (CDHB) as a suitable dummy template and to optimize a dual-monomer formulation (Boc-AG/MAA, ZEN: Boc-AG: MAA = 1:1:3) to strengthen complementary interactions. The resulting MMIP exhibited fast uptake (equilibrium reached in approximately 5 min), high selectivity (imprinting factor = 12.76), and a maximum adsorption capacity of 28.40 mg/g, as determined by Langmuir fitting of the equilibrium isotherms. The adsorbent also showed good reusability (≥10 adsorption–desorption cycles) with single-step desorption > 90 %. When coupled with matrix-matched LC–MS/MS, the method achieved a limit of quantification of 3.70 μg/kg and recoveries of 86.8–112.9 % for spiked Coix samples. This work demonstrates that integrating molecular simulation with magnetic imprinting enables an efficient, reusable cleanup strategy for trace ZEN monitoring in complex grain-based matrices.
玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）是一种镰孢菌衍生的雌性真菌毒素，经常污染薏薏籽和其他谷物，由于其复杂的基质和痕量残留限制，对食品安全和质量控制构成挑战。在这里，我们开发了一种模拟引导的磁性分子印迹聚合物（MMIP），用于在LC-MS /MS测定之前快速选择性富集ZEN。结合药效团模型、DFT计算和分子动力学模拟，确定了环己基-1,4-苯二羧酸（CDHB）为合适的虚拟模板，并优化了双单体配方（Boc-AG/MAA, ZEN: Boc-AG: MAA = 1:1:3），以加强互补作用。通过平衡等温线的Langmuir拟合，得到的MMIP吸附速度快（约5 min达到平衡），选择性高（印迹因子= 12.76），最大吸附量为28.40 mg/g。该吸附剂具有良好的可重复使用性（≥10次吸附-解吸循环），单步解吸率>； 90 %。结合基质匹配LC-MS /MS，该方法的定量限为3.70 μg/kg，加标回收率为868 ~ 112.9 %。这项工作表明，将分子模拟与磁印迹相结合，可以为复杂颗粒基矩阵中的痕量ZEN监测提供有效、可重复使用的清理策略。
{"title":"Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer for zearalenone in Coix: In-silico design and matrix-matched UPLC–MS/MS","authors":"Yinghong Ma, Juan Lu, Xin Liu, Zheng Hu, Xiangsheng Zhao, Dandan Kong, Zhonghao Sun, Weiheng Kong, Tianyu Wang, Zhaocui Sun, Guoxu Ma, Xudong Xu, Meihua Yang, Ting Shen, Haifeng Wu, Qiongyu Zou, Haitao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122859","url":null,"abstract":"Zearalenone (ZEN), a Fusarium-derived estrogenic mycotoxin, frequently contaminates Coix seeds and other grains, posing a food-safety and quality-control challenge because of the complex matrix and trace-level residue limits. Here, we developed a simulation-guided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MMIP) for the rapid and selective enrichment of ZEN prior to LC–MS/MS determination. A pharmacophore model, DFT calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations were combined to identify cyclohexyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (CDHB) as a suitable dummy template and to optimize a dual-monomer formulation (Boc-AG/MAA, ZEN: Boc-AG: MAA = 1:1:3) to strengthen complementary interactions. The resulting MMIP exhibited fast uptake (equilibrium reached in approximately 5 min), high selectivity (imprinting factor = 12.76), and a maximum adsorption capacity of 28.40 mg/g, as determined by Langmuir fitting of the equilibrium isotherms. The adsorbent also showed good reusability (≥10 adsorption–desorption cycles) with single-step desorption > 90 %. When coupled with matrix-matched LC–MS/MS, the method achieved a limit of quantification of 3.70 μg/kg and recoveries of 86.8–112.9 % for spiked Coix samples. This work demonstrates that integrating molecular simulation with magnetic imprinting enables an efficient, reusable cleanup strategy for trace ZEN monitoring in complex grain-based matrices.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146138638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122789
Li Yu , Xuan Long , Yubing Chen , Yue Shi , Zixuan Zhuge , Ke Nie , Ting Zhao , Zhihong Zheng , Nijiang Ai , Shiwei Geng , Luyao Wang , Xueying Guan
Cotton (Gossypium spp), originating from tropical and subtropical regions, is an important natural fiber crop and is currently cultivated across a wide range of latitudes. With the intensification of global climate change, cotton seedlings frequently suffer extreme low-temperature events in spring, often accompanied by delayed cold damage phenotypes. When exposed to chilling stress, membrane lipid phase transition is the fundamental causes of plant chilling damage. Through time-series relative electrolyte leakage (REL), subcellular ultrastructure, and lipidomic analysis, we find that at 6-hour time point under 4°C treatment, the membrane permeability of cotton leaves already undergoes significant changes, with key cell membrane components sphingolipids and phospholipids exhibiting opposite alteration patterns. Lipidomic analysis of chilling-tolerant seedlings generated by GIGANTEA (GI) silencing revealed dynamic changes in lipid profiles, particularly in medium- to long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) and triacylglycerols (TGs). Notably, Arachidonic Acid (FFA, 20:4) exhibited a distinctive accumulation in chilling-shocked GI-silenced plants, suggesting its potential functional role in enhancing chilling tolerance. Understanding membrane lipid phase transitions and related lipid dynamics facilitates the selection of chilling-tolerant cotton varieties, which is beneficial for improving chilling tolerance and yield stability during the cotton seedling stage.
{"title":"Lipidomic profiles reveal the membrane lipid phase transition pattern in chilling-shocked cotton seedlings","authors":"Li Yu , Xuan Long , Yubing Chen , Yue Shi , Zixuan Zhuge , Ke Nie , Ting Zhao , Zhihong Zheng , Nijiang Ai , Shiwei Geng , Luyao Wang , Xueying Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cotton (<em>Gossypium spp</em>), originating from tropical and subtropical regions, is an important natural fiber crop and is currently cultivated across a wide range of latitudes. With the intensification of global climate change, cotton seedlings frequently suffer extreme low-temperature events in spring, often accompanied by delayed cold damage phenotypes. When exposed to chilling stress, membrane lipid phase transition is the fundamental causes of plant chilling damage. Through time-series relative electrolyte leakage (REL), subcellular ultrastructure, and lipidomic analysis, we find that at 6-hour time point under 4°C treatment, the membrane permeability of cotton leaves already undergoes significant changes, with key cell membrane components sphingolipids and phospholipids exhibiting opposite alteration patterns. Lipidomic analysis of chilling-tolerant seedlings generated by <em>GIGANTEA</em> (<em>GI</em>) silencing revealed dynamic changes in lipid profiles, particularly in medium- to long-chain free fatty acids (FFAs) and triacylglycerols (TGs). Notably, Arachidonic Acid (FFA, 20:4) exhibited a distinctive accumulation in chilling-shocked <em>GI</em>-silenced plants, suggesting its potential functional role in enhancing chilling tolerance. Understanding membrane lipid phase transitions and related lipid dynamics facilitates the selection of chilling-tolerant cotton varieties, which is beneficial for improving chilling tolerance and yield stability during the cotton seedling stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122789"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122807
Juliana M. Silva , Everton A. Rodrigues , Pedro I.C. Claro , Vitor Lima , Marcos V. Lorevice , Rubia F. Gouveia
The rising demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional formaldehyde-containing binders has accelerated the development of renewable adhesives for environmentally friendly wood-inspired composites (WIC). Addressing a gap in the study of elastomeric matrices, this work introduces a novel WIC utilizing sugarcane bagasse fibers (SBF) bonded by an innovative bio-based adhesive (ADV) composed of natural rubber latex (NR) and alkali lignin. The WIC materials were fabricated via a straightforward hot-pressing process. Critically, the ADV binder was the key innovation, yielding composites with up to 60 % higher performance compared to formulations using only NR. Furthermore, varying the SBF content enabled significant modulation of the material properties, achieving a Young’s modulus of 5–35 MPa, yield strength of 0.25–1.25 MPa, and hardness of 30–90 IRHD. Abrasion resistance was also enhanced by nearly 40 %. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that lignin in the ADV improved the wettability and mechanical anchoring of the SBF within the matrix. Complementary X-ray microtomography further demonstrated a reduction in porosity in the ADV-WIC, while dynamic mechanical analysis suggested improved interfacial compatibility due to lignin incorporation in ADV. These results demonstrate a tunable, high-performance, and formaldehyde-free WIC material with strong potential for structural and coating applications as a green alternative to conventional wood-based products.
{"title":"Formaldehyde-free binder of natural rubber latex and lignin for sugarcane bagasse fiber composite plates","authors":"Juliana M. Silva , Everton A. Rodrigues , Pedro I.C. Claro , Vitor Lima , Marcos V. Lorevice , Rubia F. Gouveia","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising demand for sustainable alternatives to conventional formaldehyde-containing binders has accelerated the development of renewable adhesives for environmentally friendly wood-inspired composites (WIC). Addressing a gap in the study of elastomeric matrices, this work introduces a novel WIC utilizing sugarcane bagasse fibers (SBF) bonded by an innovative bio-based adhesive (ADV) composed of natural rubber latex (NR) and alkali lignin. The WIC materials were fabricated via a straightforward hot-pressing process. Critically, the ADV binder was the key innovation, yielding composites with up to 60 % higher performance compared to formulations using only NR. Furthermore, varying the SBF content enabled significant modulation of the material properties, achieving a Young’s modulus of 5–35 MPa, yield strength of 0.25–1.25 MPa, and hardness of 30–90 IRHD. Abrasion resistance was also enhanced by nearly 40 %. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that lignin in the ADV improved the wettability and mechanical anchoring of the SBF within the matrix. Complementary X-ray microtomography further demonstrated a reduction in porosity in the ADV-WIC, while dynamic mechanical analysis suggested improved interfacial compatibility due to lignin incorporation in ADV. These results demonstrate a tunable, high-performance, and formaldehyde-free WIC material with strong potential for structural and coating applications as a green alternative to conventional wood-based products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122807"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122843
Jianfen Zhang, Feng Peng, Hong Chen, Guangfa Xie
Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits a range of exceptional properties, including outstanding purity, superior tensile strength, rapid moisture recovery rate, and excellent biocompatibility, giving it broad application potential. The bioconversion of industrial wastewater into BC is crucial for promoting sustainable economic development. In this study, rice soaking wastewater (RSW) of Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu) was utilized for BC production, leveraging the co-fermentation of Novacetimonas hansenii S-08 and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in RSW. By using LAB-enhanced RSW from the initial Huangjiu production stage, we produced BC with both enhanced yield and inherent antibacterial properties. Soaking with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum RL-7 and Pediococcus pentosaceus RL-10 rapidly established a LAB dominated community, accelerated acid production, and shortened the soaking time. Co-cultivating N. hansenii S-08 with the indigenous strains L. plantarum RL-7 or P. pentosaceus RL-10 at a 1:4 ratio in RSW medium significantly enhanced BC yield. Under optimized conditions (30°C, 4–5 days, 4 % HFCS), this co-fermentation strategy produced dry BC yields of 13.02 ± 0.23 g/L and 14.11 ± 0.27 g/L, respectively, and established a stable microbial consortium dominated by these strains. Co-fermentation not only increased BC production but also modified its physical structure, resulting in finer fibrils and stronger antibacterial activity. BC produced from co-fermentation exhibited strong inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus. These findings provide valuable insights for the resource utilization of wastewater in Huangjiu production enterprise and the development of broad-spectrum antibacterial materials.
{"title":"Production of antibacterial bacterial cellulose through co-fermentation using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus enhanced rice soaking wastewater","authors":"Jianfen Zhang, Feng Peng, Hong Chen, Guangfa Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122843","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits a range of exceptional properties, including outstanding purity, superior tensile strength, rapid moisture recovery rate, and excellent biocompatibility, giving it broad application potential. The bioconversion of industrial wastewater into BC is crucial for promoting sustainable economic development. In this study, rice soaking wastewater (RSW) of Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu) was utilized for BC production, leveraging the co-fermentation of <ce:italic>Novacetimonas hansenii</ce:italic> S-08 and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present in RSW. By using LAB-enhanced RSW from the initial Huangjiu production stage, we produced BC with both enhanced yield and inherent antibacterial properties. Soaking with <ce:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</ce:italic> RL-7 and <ce:italic>Pediococcus pentosaceus</ce:italic> RL-10 rapidly established a LAB dominated community, accelerated acid production, and shortened the soaking time. Co-cultivating <ce:italic>N. hansenii</ce:italic> S-08 with the indigenous strains <ce:italic>L. plantarum</ce:italic> RL-7 or <ce:italic>P. pentosaceus</ce:italic> RL-10 at a 1:4 ratio in RSW medium significantly enhanced BC yield. Under optimized conditions (30°C, 4–5 days, 4 % HFCS), this co-fermentation strategy produced dry BC yields of 13.02 ± 0.23 g/L and 14.11 ± 0.27 g/L, respectively, and established a stable microbial consortium dominated by these strains. Co-fermentation not only increased BC production but also modified its physical structure, resulting in finer fibrils and stronger antibacterial activity. BC produced from co-fermentation exhibited strong inhibitory effects against <ce:italic>Staphylococcus aureus</ce:italic>. These findings provide valuable insights for the resource utilization of wastewater in Huangjiu production enterprise and the development of broad-spectrum antibacterial materials.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122829
Jiaying Ding, Xiuyu Hu, Jin Wang, Zian Zhou, Liming Dong
Lysine is a crucial human nutrient and animal feed additive. Despite China being the world's largest producer and exporter, there is a notable lack of comprehensive evaluation regarding the life cycle environmental impact and economic benefits of its various lysine salt products.
{"title":"Life cycle sustainability assessment of lysine products in China: Integrating environmental and economic perspectives","authors":"Jiaying Ding, Xiuyu Hu, Jin Wang, Zian Zhou, Liming Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122829","url":null,"abstract":"Lysine is a crucial human nutrient and animal feed additive. Despite China being the world's largest producer and exporter, there is a notable lack of comprehensive evaluation regarding the life cycle environmental impact and economic benefits of its various lysine salt products.","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"242 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122852
Long Huang , Hui Deng , Pirui Li , Mei Tian , Shu Xu , Ake Liu , Guyin Lin , Guodong Zhang , Xu Feng , Yu Chen , Wanli Zhao
Euphorbia lathyris, a medicinal and bioenergy plant, suffers significant post-harvest losses due to fruit decay, which reduces biomass yield. Scoparone, a coumarin-type phytoalexin, is widely recognized as an indicator of increased resistance to post-harvest decay in plants. Scoparone acts as both a phytoalexin and a therapeutic compound for liver disorders. However, the O-methyltransferase from the E. lathyris (ElCOMT) gene family, key enzymes responsible for catalyzing the final methylation step in scoparone formation, remain poorly characterized. In this study, 34 ElCOMT genes were identified and classified into two groups: Type I and Type II. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed a non-uniform distribution of ElCOMTs across the E. lathyris genome. Tissue-specific expression profiling and metabolomic analysis in E. lathyris indicated that ElCOMT33 and ElCOMT34 are potentially involved in scoparone biosynthesis. In vitro enzyme activity assays demonstrated that ElCOMT33 functions as a multifunctional enzyme capable of catalyzing two successive O-methylation reactions, converting esculetin to scoparone via scopoletin as an intermediate. ElCOMT34 exhibits a more limited substrate specificity, mediating only the O-methylation of esculetin to yield isoscopoletin. Furthermore, ElCOMT33 demonstrated broad catalytic activity, effectively methylating coumarins, phenylpropanes, and flavonoids. Transgenic assays confirmed that overexpression of ElCOMT33 and ElCOMT34 increased scopoletin and isoscopoletin biosynthesis in E. lathyris hairy roots (in vivo), respectively. This study systematically characterized the OMT gene family in E. lathyris and revealed multiple O-methylation steps involved in the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin scoparone. The findings provided a solid theoretical framework for further research on increasing endogenous phytoalexin biosynthesis for breeding disease-resistant plants and reducing post-harvest loss.
{"title":"Identification of key O-methyltransferases involved in phytoalexin scoparone biosynthesis in Euphorbia lathyris","authors":"Long Huang , Hui Deng , Pirui Li , Mei Tian , Shu Xu , Ake Liu , Guyin Lin , Guodong Zhang , Xu Feng , Yu Chen , Wanli Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Euphorbia lathyris</em>, a medicinal and bioenergy plant, suffers significant post-harvest losses due to fruit decay, which reduces biomass yield. Scoparone, a coumarin-type phytoalexin, is widely recognized as an indicator of increased resistance to post-harvest decay in plants. Scoparone acts as both a phytoalexin and a therapeutic compound for liver disorders. However, the <em>O</em>-methyltransferase from the <em>E. lathyris (ElCOMT</em>) gene family, key enzymes responsible for catalyzing the final methylation step in scoparone formation, remain poorly characterized. In this study, 34 <em>ElCOMT</em> genes were identified and classified into two groups: Type I and Type II. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed a non-uniform distribution of <em>ElCOMTs</em> across the <em>E. lathyris</em> genome. Tissue-specific expression profiling and metabolomic analysis in <em>E. lathyris</em> indicated that <em>ElCOMT33</em> and <em>ElCOMT34</em> are potentially involved in scoparone biosynthesis. <em>In vitro</em> enzyme activity assays demonstrated that ElCOMT33 functions as a multifunctional enzyme capable of catalyzing two successive <em>O</em>-methylation reactions, converting esculetin to scoparone <em>via</em> scopoletin as an intermediate. ElCOMT34 exhibits a more limited substrate specificity, mediating only the <em>O</em>-methylation of esculetin to yield isoscopoletin. Furthermore, ElCOMT33 demonstrated broad catalytic activity, effectively methylating coumarins, phenylpropanes, and flavonoids. Transgenic assays confirmed that overexpression of <em>ElCOMT33</em> and <em>ElCOMT34</em> increased scopoletin and isoscopoletin biosynthesis in <em>E. lathyris</em> hairy roots (<em>in vivo</em>), respectively. This study systematically characterized the <em>OMT</em> gene family in <em>E. lathyris</em> and revealed multiple <em>O</em>-methylation steps involved in the biosynthesis of the phytoalexin scoparone. The findings provided a solid theoretical framework for further research on increasing endogenous phytoalexin biosynthesis for breeding disease-resistant plants and reducing post-harvest loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122852"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present research focused on the synthesis and characterization of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derived from cottonseed oil using a nickel-doped chicken eggshell (Ni-CaO) catalyst, and evaluated the biodiesel’s engine performance and emission characteristics. The Ni-CaO catalyst was prepared via calcination and characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing improved catalytic activity and higher FAME yields compared to un-doped CaO. The maximum oil yield obtained from cottonseeds was 44.75 wt%, achieved using 100 g of seeds under extraction conditions of 65ºC, 5 h, a 6:1 solvent-to-solid ratio, and atmospheric pressure using solvent extraction method. Similarly, the maximum FAME yield reached 96 wt% at 60ºC, 120 min reaction time, 5 wt% catalyst loading, and a 12:1 methanol-to-oil ratio via transesterification reaction. The produced cottonseed methyl ester (COME) complied with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, satisfying critical fuel quality parameters such as cetane number, viscosity, acid value, flash point, and moisture content. Engine performance tests demonstrated that COME exhibited a slight decrease in brake thermal efficiency (2–4 %) and a 6–10 % increase in brake specific fuel consumption compared to diesel, while significantly reducing CO, hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate emissions, indicating improved combustion characteristics and environmental performance.
{"title":"Nickel-doped chicken eggshell-derived catalyst for cottonseed oil-based fatty acid methyl ester: Synthesis, characterization, and engine performance and emission assessment","authors":"Tigabu Hailelule Yemane , Lata Deso Abo , Mani Jayakumar , Buzu Gelan Shumi , Magesh Rangaraju , Saminathan Subashini , Gemedo Geleto Hindeso","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122849","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122849","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present research focused on the synthesis and characterization of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) derived from cottonseed oil using a nickel-doped chicken eggshell (Ni-CaO) catalyst, and evaluated the biodiesel’s engine performance and emission characteristics. The Ni-CaO catalyst was prepared via calcination and characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing improved catalytic activity and higher FAME yields compared to un-doped CaO. The maximum oil yield obtained from cottonseeds was 44.75 wt%, achieved using 100 g of seeds under extraction conditions of 65ºC, 5 h, a 6:1 solvent-to-solid ratio, and atmospheric pressure using solvent extraction method. Similarly, the maximum FAME yield reached 96 wt% at 60ºC<strong>,</strong> 120 min reaction time<strong>,</strong> 5 wt% catalyst loading, and a 12:1 methanol-to-oil ratio via transesterification reaction. The produced cottonseed methyl ester (COME) complied with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards, satisfying critical fuel quality parameters such as cetane number, viscosity, acid value, flash point, and moisture content. Engine performance tests demonstrated that COME exhibited a slight decrease in brake thermal efficiency (2–4 %) and a 6–10 % increase in brake specific fuel consumption compared to diesel, while significantly reducing CO, hydrocarbons (HC), and particulate emissions, indicating improved combustion characteristics and environmental performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122849"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122840
Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion , Agnieszka Kicel , Michalina Hińczewska , Marta Katarzyna Dudek , Monika Olszewska , Anna Karolina Kiss
Members of the genus Forsythia spp., well-known ornamental shrubs, are widely recognised for their early spring flowering and ethnopharmacological significance, particularly in traditional Asian medicine. While the phytochemical profile, biological effects, and industrial applications of their fruits and flowers are well documented, the leaves remain largely underexplored. Specifically, limited attention has been given to their seasonal variability and utility in the pharmaceutical and functional food industry. This study aimed to evaluate seasonal fluctuations in bioactive compounds (lignans, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acids) in leaves of two European Forsythia species: F. × intermedia Zabel var. spectabilis and F. suspensa Zabel var. sieboldii. Leaf samples were collected monthly from May to September to determine the optimal harvest period for the highest phytochemical content suitable for herbal processing. Comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, employing UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MSn and HPLC-PDA, were integrated with PCA to explore correlations between seasonal environmental shifts and metabolic profiles. Reference standards were prepared from spring leaf extracts using preparative HPLC. The immunomodulatory potential of selected extracts and marker compounds was assessed in vitro using human PBMC-derived monocytes/macrophages. The results demonstrated distinct species-specific and season-dependent variations in metabolite concentrations, with the highest levels of bioactive constituents observed in spring-harvested leaves. This variability directly correlated with biological potency, as spring samples exhibited the most robust immunomodulatory effects. These findings identify spring as the optimal harvest period for high-quality Forsythia leaf raw material. This study contributes to the knowledge on Forsythia leaves as an efficient source of biomass for phytotherapy and functional food formulations.
连翘属的成员是著名的观赏灌木，因其早春开花和民族药理学意义而被广泛认可，特别是在传统的亚洲医学中。虽然它们的果实和花朵的植物化学特征、生物效应和工业应用都有很好的记录，但它们的叶子仍未得到充分的研究。具体来说，人们对其季节性变化及其在制药和功能性食品工业中的应用的关注有限。本研究旨在评价两种欧洲连翘（F. × intermedia Zabel var. spectabilis）和连翘（F. suspensa Zabel var. sieboldii）叶片中生物活性物质（木脂素、苯乙醇、黄酮类化合物、咖啡酰醌酸）的季节性波动。在5 - 9月每月采集叶片样品，以确定适合中草药加工的植物化学成分含量最高的最佳采收期。采用UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MSn和HPLC-PDA进行综合定性和定量分析，结合主成分分析，探讨季节环境变化与代谢谱的相关性。采用制备高效液相色谱法，从春叶提取物中制备标准品。在体外使用人pbmc来源的单核/巨噬细胞评估选定提取物和标记化合物的免疫调节潜力。结果表明，代谢物浓度存在明显的物种特异性和季节依赖性变化，在春季收获的叶片中观察到最高水平的生物活性成分。这种可变性与生物效力直接相关，因为春季样品表现出最强大的免疫调节作用。这些发现确定春季是优质连翘叶原料的最佳采收期。该研究有助于了解连翘叶作为植物治疗和功能性食品配方的有效生物质来源。
{"title":"From spring to autumn: How harvest season and species shape the phytochemical and biological properties of Forsythia leaf extracts","authors":"Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion , Agnieszka Kicel , Michalina Hińczewska , Marta Katarzyna Dudek , Monika Olszewska , Anna Karolina Kiss","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122840","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122840","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of the genus <em>Forsythia</em> spp., well-known ornamental shrubs, are widely recognised for their early spring flowering and ethnopharmacological significance, particularly in traditional Asian medicine. While the phytochemical profile, biological effects, and industrial applications of their fruits and flowers are well documented, the leaves remain largely underexplored. Specifically, limited attention has been given to their seasonal variability and utility in the pharmaceutical and functional food industry. This study aimed to evaluate seasonal fluctuations in bioactive compounds (lignans, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, caffeoylquinic acids) in leaves of two European <em>Forsythia</em> species: <em>F. × intermedia</em> Zabel var. <em>spectabilis</em> and <em>F. suspensa</em> Zabel var. <em>sieboldii</em>. Leaf samples were collected monthly from May to September to determine the optimal harvest period for the highest phytochemical content suitable for herbal processing. Comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analyses, employing UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS<sup><em>n</em></sup> and HPLC-PDA, were integrated with PCA to explore correlations between seasonal environmental shifts and metabolic profiles. Reference standards were prepared from spring leaf extracts using preparative HPLC. The immunomodulatory potential of selected extracts and marker compounds was assessed <em>in vitro</em> using human PBMC-derived monocytes/macrophages. The results demonstrated distinct species-specific and season-dependent variations in metabolite concentrations, with the highest levels of bioactive constituents observed in spring-harvested leaves. This variability directly correlated with biological potency, as spring samples exhibited the most robust immunomodulatory effects. These findings identify spring as the optimal harvest period for high-quality <em>Forsythia</em> leaf raw material. This study contributes to the knowledge on <em>Forsythia</em> leaves as an efficient source of biomass for phytotherapy and functional food formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122840"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122805
Yuanyuan Miao , Hui Qin , Xiaojie Gao , Yan Jin , Huiqin Ding , Lina Huang , Le Shentu
Linderae Radix (LR), a highly demanded traditional Chinese medicine, is produced in various regions. However, the relationship between its quality and geographical origin remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed fourteen batches of LR samples from eight distinct origins across four major producing provinces, using both ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for active compound quantification and electronic nose for odor profiling. Results revealed distinct inter-provincial variations in active compound levels except isolinderalactone, and overall similar intra-provincial profiles except boldine. Odor profiling demonstrated sensitivity to five sensors, with the three most sensitive W5S, W1W, W2W showing clear inter-provincial differentiation alongside intra-provincial similarity. Overall, samples from Zhejiang and Jiangxi exhibited higher average levels of active compounds and five sensitive sensor responses than those from Hunan and Anhui, with the highest values for most parameters observed in samples from Tiantai, Zhejiang. Using either individual or combined data from all active compounds and odor variables, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) achieved complete separation of the four provincial groups with consistent intra-provincial clustering. It identified norisoboldine, linderalactone, lindenenol, and the five sensitive sensors as the most discriminative parameters for classification. These key markers were further verified by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently, based on these eight key markers, the origin identification model was developed through ridge regression and discriminant analysis, which achieved high accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of active compounds and odor as a useful tool for authenticating the mainstream geographical origin of LR, thus providing a scientific basis for its quality evaluation and market regulation.
{"title":"Variations in active ingredients and odor characteristics for geographical origin discrimination of Linderae Radix","authors":"Yuanyuan Miao , Hui Qin , Xiaojie Gao , Yan Jin , Huiqin Ding , Lina Huang , Le Shentu","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Linderae Radix (LR), a highly demanded traditional Chinese medicine, is produced in various regions. However, the relationship between its quality and geographical origin remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed fourteen batches of LR samples from eight distinct origins across four major producing provinces, using both ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for active compound quantification and electronic nose for odor profiling. Results revealed distinct inter-provincial variations in active compound levels except isolinderalactone, and overall similar intra-provincial profiles except boldine. Odor profiling demonstrated sensitivity to five sensors, with the three most sensitive W5S, W1W, W2W showing clear inter-provincial differentiation alongside intra-provincial similarity. Overall, samples from Zhejiang and Jiangxi exhibited higher average levels of active compounds and five sensitive sensor responses than those from Hunan and Anhui, with the highest values for most parameters observed in samples from Tiantai, Zhejiang. Using either individual or combined data from all active compounds and odor variables, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) achieved complete separation of the four provincial groups with consistent intra-provincial clustering. It identified norisoboldine, linderalactone, lindenenol, and the five sensitive sensors as the most discriminative parameters for classification. These key markers were further verified by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. Subsequently, based on these eight key markers, the origin identification model was developed through ridge regression and discriminant analysis, which achieved high accuracy. These findings highlight the potential of active compounds and odor as a useful tool for authenticating the mainstream geographical origin of LR, thus providing a scientific basis for its quality evaluation and market regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122805"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146146597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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