Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122815
Pablo Piñeiro , Ma Teresa Martínez , Javier Sampedro , Elena Corredoira
Argan is a horticultural forest species endemic to Morocco, well adapted to arid and semi-arid Mediterranean climates and with high social, ecological, economic and agronomic value. However, argan populations are threatened by overgrazing, lack of natural regeneration and overexploitation as argan oil demand is increasing. As conventional propagation is very problematic, the development of micropropagation methods is imperative. Here, an efficient procedure for micropropagation of argan juvenile material based on axillary budding, is described. Forced shoots obtained from potted plants of two different 2-year-old specimens (AG1 and AG3) were employed as initial explants to establish in vitro shoot proliferation cultures. Explants were established in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 1 mg L−1 benzyladenine. For shoot proliferation, the best results were obtained when shoots were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L−1 meta-topolin, 1 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid, 0.65 % agar from Sigma and 3 % sucrose during 6 weeks at 28ºC. Optimal rooting rates were achieved through continuous culture of shoots on medium supplemented with 7 mg L⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid, with AG3 showing the best results (58 %). Rooted plants were successfully acclimatized using Jiffy pellets and the survival rate after 12 weeks was higher than 50 % in both genotypes. This protocol facilitates the short-term conservation of argan germplasm, ensuring its preservation for future research and restoration efforts.
{"title":"Efficient micropropagation of Argania spinosa through axillary budding","authors":"Pablo Piñeiro , Ma Teresa Martínez , Javier Sampedro , Elena Corredoira","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Argan is a horticultural forest species endemic to Morocco, well adapted to arid and semi-arid Mediterranean climates and with high social, ecological, economic and agronomic value. However, argan populations are threatened by overgrazing, lack of natural regeneration and overexploitation as argan oil demand is increasing. As conventional propagation is very problematic, the development of micropropagation methods is imperative. Here, an efficient procedure for micropropagation of argan juvenile material based on axillary budding, is described. Forced shoots obtained from potted plants of two different 2-year-old specimens (AG1 and AG3) were employed as initial explants to establish <em>in vitro</em> shoot proliferation cultures. Explants were established in Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with 1 mg L<sup>−1</sup> benzyladenine. For shoot proliferation, the best results were obtained when shoots were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 2 mg L<sup>−1</sup> meta-topolin, 1 mg L<sup>−1</sup> indole-3-acetic acid, 0.65 % agar from Sigma and 3 % sucrose during 6 weeks at 28ºC. Optimal rooting rates were achieved through continuous culture of shoots on medium supplemented with 7 mg L⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid, with AG3 showing the best results (58 %). Rooted plants were successfully acclimatized using Jiffy pellets and the survival rate after 12 weeks was higher than 50 % in both genotypes. This protocol facilitates the short-term conservation of argan germplasm, ensuring its preservation for future research and restoration efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122815"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122830
Wenzhou Wu, Junrui Duan, Xiangru Hou, Jie Ji
This study selected typical main chain monosaccharides of hemicellulose (D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-xylose) as research objects. By combining thermogravimetry-Fourier infrared spectroscopy-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-GC-MS) pyrolysis experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, their pyrolysis behaviors and reaction mechanisms were deeply studied. Firstly, the experimental results show that the three monosaccharides all have two main weight loss peaks. H2O and CO2 are their main gaseous products. Other same products include furfural, furan, 2(5 H)-furanone, 5-methyl-2-Furancarboxaldehyde, etc. In addition, each of the three forms unique products such as furans, phenols, ketones, acids, and some other heterocyclic compounds. Next, the DFT results of the three monosaccharides show that the ring-opening reaction among the initial reactions is the most advantageous. Among the three monosaccharides, the overall energy barrier for the generation of 2(5 H)-furanone from β-D-xylose is the lowest (62.1 kcal/mol), attributed to the absence of C5-linked hydroxymethyl (C5-CH2OH) group. The overall energy barrier for furfural generation from β-D-mannose is 51.3 kcal/mol, which is the lowest among the three monosaccharides. β-D-glucose shows the highest tendency for furan formation, its overall energy barrier is 57.4 kcal/mol. And this is in line with the experimental results. In conclusion, this research aids in deepening the comprehension of the pyrolysis mechanism underlying hemicellulose.
本研究选取半纤维素中典型的主链单糖（d -葡萄糖、d -甘露糖和d -木糖）作为研究对象。通过结合热重-傅里叶红外光谱-气相色谱-质谱（TG-FTIR-GC-MS）热解实验和密度泛函数理论（DFT）计算，对其热解行为和反应机理进行了深入研究。首先，实验结果表明，三种单糖均有两个主要的减重峰。水和二氧化碳是它们的主要气态产物。其他同类产品包括糠醛、呋喃、2(5 H)-呋喃酮、5-甲基-2-呋喃甲醛等。此外，这三种化合物中的每一种都能形成独特的产物，如呋喃、酚类、酮类、酸类和一些其他杂环化合物。三种单糖的DFT结果表明，在初始反应中开环反应最有利。在三种单糖中，β- d -木糖生成2(5 H)-呋喃酮的总能垒最低（62.1 kcal/mol），这是由于缺乏c5 -连接的羟甲基（C5-CH2OH）基团。β- d -甘露糖生成糠醛的总能垒为51.3 kcal/mol，是3种单糖中最低的。β- d -葡萄糖生成呋喃的能力最强，其总能垒为57.4 kcal/mol。这与实验结果一致。总之，本研究有助于加深对半纤维素热解机理的理解。
{"title":"Experimental and computational study on hemicellulose main chain monosaccharides: The pyrolysis mechanism of glucose, mannose and xylose","authors":"Wenzhou Wu, Junrui Duan, Xiangru Hou, Jie Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study selected typical main chain monosaccharides of hemicellulose (<span>D</span>-glucose, <span>D</span>-mannose, and <span>D</span>-xylose) as research objects. By combining thermogravimetry-Fourier infrared spectroscopy-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TG-FTIR-GC-MS) pyrolysis experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, their pyrolysis behaviors and reaction mechanisms were deeply studied. Firstly, the experimental results show that the three monosaccharides all have two main weight loss peaks. H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> are their main gaseous products. Other same products include furfural, furan, 2(5 H)-furanone, 5-methyl-2-Furancarboxaldehyde, etc. In addition, each of the three forms unique products such as furans, phenols, ketones, acids, and some other heterocyclic compounds. Next, the DFT results of the three monosaccharides show that the ring-opening reaction among the initial reactions is the most advantageous. Among the three monosaccharides, the overall energy barrier for the generation of 2(5 H)-furanone from β-<span>D</span>-xylose is the lowest (62.1 kcal/mol), attributed to the absence of C5-linked hydroxymethyl (C5-CH<sub>2</sub>OH) group. The overall energy barrier for furfural generation from β-<span>D</span>-mannose is 51.3 kcal/mol, which is the lowest among the three monosaccharides. β-<span>D</span>-glucose shows the highest tendency for furan formation, its overall energy barrier is 57.4 kcal/mol. And this is in line with the experimental results. In conclusion, this research aids in deepening the comprehension of the pyrolysis mechanism underlying hemicellulose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122830"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122842
Qiangbo Zhao , Ruhan Xia , Pengxiang Han , Jiangyuan Han , Weihua Zhao , Xiangyan Zhou , Fuqiang Xu , Wenzhi Yao , Jianhe Wei , Miaoyin Dong , Mengfei Li
Astragalus mongholicus is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of medicinal use, while root rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum is a highly destructive soil-borne diseases that leads to yield and quality reduction. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the biocontrol strategy based on microbial agents could effectively inhibit root rot in crops, the biocontrol efficiency and potential mechanism in A. mongholicus have been rarely investigated. In this study, a novel strain GNRP-01A was isolated from the rhizosphere of wild A. mongolicus and exhibited significant biocontrol efficacy (77.8 %) against A. mongolicus root rot, which was identified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphology, 16S rRNA, and whole-genome sequence analyses. The B. subtilis GNRP-01A genome contained multiple biosynthetic gene clusters encoding secondary metabolites (e.g., surfactin, subtilosin A, bacillibactin) and the genes that promote plant growth (e.g., amylase, protease, cellulase). Additionally, GC-MS analysis identified 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), among which 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 6-methyl-2-heptanone showed strong antifungal activities with inhibition rates of 81.53 %, 89.17 %, and 91.86 %, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of genes associated with plant induced systemic resistance (ISR, e.g., AmCHI2, AmPAD4, AmPDF2.2 and AmPR-10) were significantly up-regulated in F. oxysporum+ GNRP-01A treated plants, indicating the activation of ISR of A. mongolicus. Collectively, B. subtilis GNRP-01 A controls A. mongholicus root rot through synergistic strategy involving the production of antifungal metabolites and VOCs, activation of plant ISR. These results provide new insights into the biocontrol mechanism of B. subtilis against A. mongholicus root rot, as well as support the potential applications of B. subtilis GNRP-01A as an effective biocontrol agent for root rot prevention and management in medicinal plants.
{"title":"Biocontrol efficiency and potential mechanism of Bacillus subtilis GNRP-01A against Astragalus mongholicus root rot","authors":"Qiangbo Zhao , Ruhan Xia , Pengxiang Han , Jiangyuan Han , Weihua Zhao , Xiangyan Zhou , Fuqiang Xu , Wenzhi Yao , Jianhe Wei , Miaoyin Dong , Mengfei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Astragalus mongholicus</em> is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine with a long history of medicinal use, while root rot caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> is a highly destructive soil-borne diseases that leads to yield and quality reduction. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the biocontrol strategy based on microbial agents could effectively inhibit root rot in crops, the biocontrol efficiency and potential mechanism in <em>A. mongholicus</em> have been rarely investigated. In this study, a novel strain GNRP-01A was isolated from the rhizosphere of wild <em>A. mongolicus</em> and exhibited significant biocontrol efficacy (77.8 %) against <em>A. mongolicus</em> root rot, which was identified as <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> based on morphology, 16S rRNA, and whole-genome sequence analyses. The <em>B. subtilis</em> GNRP-01A genome contained multiple biosynthetic gene clusters encoding secondary metabolites (<em>e.g.,</em> surfactin, subtilosin A, bacillibactin) and the genes that promote plant growth (<em>e.g.,</em> amylase, protease, cellulase). Additionally, GC-MS analysis identified 13 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), among which 2-dodecanone, 2-tridecanone, and 6-methyl-2-heptanone showed strong antifungal activities with inhibition rates of 81.53 %, 89.17 %, and 91.86 %, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of genes associated with plant induced systemic resistance (ISR<em>, e.g.</em>, <em>AmCHI2</em>, <em>AmPAD4</em>, <em>AmPDF2.2</em> and <em>AmPR-10</em>) were significantly up-regulated in <em>F. oxysporum</em>+ GNRP-01A treated plants, indicating the activation of ISR of <em>A. mongolicus</em>. Collectively, <em>B. subtilis</em> GNRP-01 A controls <em>A. mongholicus</em> root rot through synergistic strategy involving the production of antifungal metabolites and VOCs, activation of plant ISR. These results provide new insights into the biocontrol mechanism of <em>B. subtilis</em> against <em>A. mongholicus</em> root rot, as well as support the potential applications of <em>B. subtilis</em> GNRP-01A as an effective biocontrol agent for root rot prevention and management in medicinal plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122842"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122847
Ying Zhang , Yi-Na Wang , Qi-Ze Liu , Run Yang , Zhuo Ma , Chun-Yue Lu , Si-Mei He , Bing Hao , Guang-Hui Zhang , Sheng-Chao Yang
Pseudoginsenoside F11 (PF11), a rare ocotillol-type saponin with neuroprotective and anti-ischemic properties. The crucial rhamnosyltransferase, for its final glycosylation step has yet to be identified. This study conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the UGT family in Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus and performed in vitro enzyme activity validation, identifying the UDP-rhamnosyltransferase PviUGT74, which can catalyze the C6-O-rhamnosylation of PRT5 to produce PF11. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity at near-neutral pH and moderate temperature, with strict specificity for UDP-rhamnosyltransferase. Homologs from six other Panax species exhibited similar activity, indicating strong evolutionary conservation. Molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis identified seven critical residues (H21, D120, E273, W355, G356, Y375, E376) essential for catalysis. Synteny analysis suggested that PviUGT74 arose from transpositional duplication, followed by neofunctionalization. This study clarifies the final enzymatic step of PF11 biosynthesis and lays a mechanistic and biotechnological foundation for its sustainable production through engineered biosynthesis, minimizing dependence on plant extraction.
伪人参皂苷F11 （PF11）是一种罕见的具有神经保护和抗缺血特性的茴香醇型皂苷。关键的鼠李糖基转移酶，其最后的糖基化步骤尚未确定。本研究对越南人参（Panax viet ensis var. fuscidiscus） UGT家族进行了全面的全基因组分析，并进行了体外酶活性验证，鉴定出udp -鼠李糖基转移酶PviUGT74，该酶可催化PRT5的c6 - o -鼠李糖基化生成PF11。该酶在接近中性的pH和中等温度下表现出最佳的活性，对udp -鼠李糖基转移酶具有严格的特异性。其他六种人参的同源物也表现出类似的活性，表明具有很强的进化保守性。分子对接和定点突变鉴定出7个催化必需的关键残基（H21、D120、E273、W355、G356、Y375、E376）。Synteny分析表明PviUGT74起源于转位复制，然后是新功能化。本研究阐明了PF11生物合成的最后酶法步骤，为通过工程生物合成实现PF11的可持续生产奠定了机制和生物技术基础，最大限度地减少了对植物提取的依赖。
{"title":"A UDP-rhamnosyltransferase (PviUGT74) in Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus completing pseudoginsenoside F11 biosynthesis","authors":"Ying Zhang , Yi-Na Wang , Qi-Ze Liu , Run Yang , Zhuo Ma , Chun-Yue Lu , Si-Mei He , Bing Hao , Guang-Hui Zhang , Sheng-Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122847","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122847","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pseudoginsenoside F<sub>11</sub> (PF<sub>11</sub>), a rare ocotillol-type saponin with neuroprotective and anti-ischemic properties. The crucial rhamnosyltransferase, for its final glycosylation step has yet to be identified. This study conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the UGT family in <em>Panax vietnamensis</em> var. <em>fuscidiscus</em> and performed in vitro enzyme activity validation, identifying the UDP-rhamnosyltransferase PviUGT74, which can catalyze the C6-<em>O</em>-rhamnosylation of PRT<sub>5</sub> to produce PF<sub>11</sub>. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity at near-neutral pH and moderate temperature, with strict specificity for UDP-rhamnosyltransferase. Homologs from six other Panax species exhibited similar activity, indicating strong evolutionary conservation. Molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis identified seven critical residues (H21, D120, E273, W355, G356, Y375, E376) essential for catalysis. Synteny analysis suggested that PviUGT74 arose from transpositional duplication, followed by neofunctionalization. This study clarifies the final enzymatic step of PF<sub>11</sub> biosynthesis and lays a mechanistic and biotechnological foundation for its sustainable production through engineered biosynthesis, minimizing dependence on plant extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122847"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of superheated steam and conventional torrefaction of pine wood: Solid product properties, productivity, and process evaluation","authors":"Nannan Wu, Dongdong Zhang, Yifan Zhang, Jianchun Jiang, Yi Liu, Haibo Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122841","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study systematically investigates carbon black–filled natural rubber (NR) and ether-based urethane rubber (UR) blends with emphasis on blend ratio optimization and compatibilizer selection. The work was conducted in two stages: (i) evaluation of NR/UR blend ratios and (ii) assessment of different compatibilizers, including epoxidized natural rubber with 25 and 50 mol% epoxide content (ENR25 and ENR50) and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR), at a defined NR/UR ratio of 90/10. Increasing UR content from 0 to 40 phr led to a reduction in tensile strength, accompanied by a 15–35 % decrease in torque difference, reflecting diminished crosslink density and reduced strain-induced crystallization of NR. Incorporation of ENR significantly improved processability, reducing Mooney viscosity by up to ∼18 % compared with the uncompatibilized blend. ENR25 provided the most balanced performance, slightly increasing tensile strength, markedly improving tear resistance (∼25 %), reducing abrasion loss (∼10 %), and maintaining comparable cure characteristics. In contrast, ENR50 caused a dilution effect, leading to inferior mechanical performance, while NBR resulted in prolonged optimum cure time, suggesting limited co-vulcanization. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed the superiority of ENR25 through a reduced Payne effect and lower tan δ at 60 °C (∼7 %), corresponding to improved filler dispersion and reduced rolling resistance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further verified enhanced interfacial interactions between NR and UR phases. Overall, the NR/UR (90/10) blend compatibilized with ENR25 is a promising formulation for applications requiring balanced processability, durability, and energy efficiency.
{"title":"Comparative effects of epoxy and acrylonitrile functional groups on the properties of carbon black–filled natural rubber/ether-based urethane rubber blends","authors":"Ammarin Kraibut , Sirada Nongneung , Panita Sumanatrakul , Indriasari , Akito Takasaki , Ismail Ibrahim , Jacques W.M. Noordermeer , Yeampon Nakaramontri , Suppachai Sattayanurak","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates carbon black–filled natural rubber (NR) and ether-based urethane rubber (UR) blends with emphasis on blend ratio optimization and compatibilizer selection. The work was conducted in two stages: (i) evaluation of NR/UR blend ratios and (ii) assessment of different compatibilizers, including epoxidized natural rubber with 25 and 50 mol% epoxide content (ENR25 and ENR50) and acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR), at a defined NR/UR ratio of 90/10. Increasing UR content from 0 to 40 phr led to a reduction in tensile strength, accompanied by a 15–35 % decrease in torque difference, reflecting diminished crosslink density and reduced strain-induced crystallization of NR. Incorporation of ENR significantly improved processability, reducing Mooney viscosity by up to ∼18 % compared with the uncompatibilized blend. ENR25 provided the most balanced performance, slightly increasing tensile strength, markedly improving tear resistance (∼25 %), reducing abrasion loss (∼10 %), and maintaining comparable cure characteristics. In contrast, ENR50 caused a dilution effect, leading to inferior mechanical performance, while NBR resulted in prolonged optimum cure time, suggesting limited co-vulcanization. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed the superiority of ENR25 through a reduced Payne effect and lower tan δ at 60 °C (∼7 %), corresponding to improved filler dispersion and reduced rolling resistance. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further verified enhanced interfacial interactions between NR and UR phases. Overall, the NR/UR (90/10) blend compatibilized with ENR25 is a promising formulation for applications requiring balanced processability, durability, and energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122818"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122826
Dawid Mikulski, Grzegorz Kłosowski
The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in combination with microwave radiation is intriguing due to the potential for more comprehensive utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass in bioconversion processes. However, it is crucial to reduce material costs by employing aqueous solutions of DES or recirculating them. Our study aimed to assess the impact of microwave-assisted pretreatment with selected aqueous DES solutions on the effectiveness of biomass ingredient hydrolysis using cellulases and hemicellulases. The study also evaluated the possibility of recirculating an aqueous solution of choline chloride and imidazole as an agent facilitating effective biomass delignification under microwave conditions. Research demonstrated an increase in the susceptibility of various types of biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis following pretreatment with DES. The highest efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis (95.3 % and 97.5 %, respectively) was achieved for oat hull biomass pretreated with a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, and for brewer’s spent grain biomass pretreated with a mixture of choline chloride and glycerol. It was also demonstrated that a DES solution of choline chloride and imidazole can be regenerated and recirculated during effective microwave-assisted delignification of biomass over five cycles. The presented pretreatment method can be effectively applied to prepare oat hull biomass and brewer’s spent grain biomass for enzymatic degradation of cellulose. The demonstrated possibility of regenerating and recirculating DES solutions in microwave-assisted pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass reduces the environmental impact of the process and lowers material costs.
{"title":"Microwave-assisted pretreatment with aqueous solutions of deep eutectic solvents for enhanced enzymatic saccharification of oat hull and brewer’s spent grain","authors":"Dawid Mikulski, Grzegorz Kłosowski","doi":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in combination with microwave radiation is intriguing due to the potential for more comprehensive utilisation of lignocellulosic biomass in bioconversion processes. However, it is crucial to reduce material costs by employing aqueous solutions of DES or recirculating them. Our study aimed to assess the impact of microwave-assisted pretreatment with selected aqueous DES solutions on the effectiveness of biomass ingredient hydrolysis using cellulases and hemicellulases. The study also evaluated the possibility of recirculating an aqueous solution of choline chloride and imidazole as an agent facilitating effective biomass delignification under microwave conditions. Research demonstrated an increase in the susceptibility of various types of biomass to enzymatic hydrolysis following pretreatment with DES. The highest efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis (95.3 % and 97.5 %, respectively) was achieved for oat hull biomass pretreated with a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, and for brewer’s spent grain biomass pretreated with a mixture of choline chloride and glycerol. It was also demonstrated that a DES solution of choline chloride and imidazole can be regenerated and recirculated during effective microwave-assisted delignification of biomass over five cycles. The presented pretreatment method can be effectively applied to prepare oat hull biomass and brewer’s spent grain biomass for enzymatic degradation of cellulose. The demonstrated possibility of regenerating and recirculating DES solutions in microwave-assisted pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass reduces the environmental impact of the process and lowers material costs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13581,"journal":{"name":"Industrial Crops and Products","volume":"241 ","pages":"Article 122826"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146134105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2026.122824
Linjuan Huang, Luocan Zhou, Yandi Qin, Yishan Luo, Hongying Li, Jingzhong Shi, Le Kong, Weichao Teng
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