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Effects of Plasma Temperature in the Blowout Regime for Plasma Accelerators 等离子体加速器井喷状态下等离子体温度的影响
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7040037
Gevy Jiawei Cao
Research on plasma accelerators for high-energy colliders has rapidly progressed over the past few decades. Plasma acceleration with a high repetition rate will enable higher collider luminosity, but results in a heated plasma. This study investigates two phenomena—beam breakup instability and ion motion—in the nonlinear blowout regime in plasma accelerators and how the plasma temperature affects them. It was found that increasing the plasma temperature enhances the beam breakup instability by reducing the blowout radius while suppressing the on-axis ion-density spike caused by ion motion. This imposes a stringent demand on alignment tolerances, but it offers promising prospects for mitigating ion motion.
在过去的几十年里,高能对撞机的等离子体加速器的研究取得了迅速的进展。高重复率的等离子体加速将使对撞机亮度更高,但会导致等离子体加热。本文研究了等离子体加速器非线性井喷状态下的两种现象——束流破裂不稳定性和离子运动,以及等离子体温度对它们的影响。研究发现,提高等离子体温度可以减小喷散半径,同时抑制离子运动引起的轴上离子密度尖峰,从而增强束流破裂的不稳定性。这对校准公差提出了严格的要求,但它为减轻离子运动提供了有希望的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Real-Time Monitoring of Solar Energetic Particles Using the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station 利用国际空间站上的阿尔法磁谱仪实时监测太阳高能粒子
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-10-31 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7040038
Andrea Serpolla, Matteo Duranti, Valerio Formato, Alberto Oliva
The International Space Station (ISS) orbits at an average altitude of 400 km, in the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and is regularly occupied by astronauts. The material of the Station, the residual atmosphere and the geomagnetic field offer a partial protection against the cosmic radiation to the crew and the equipment. The solar activity can cause sporadic bursts of particles with energies between ∼10 keV and several GeVs called Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs). SEP emissions can last for hours or even days and can represent an actual risk for ISS occupants and equipment. The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) was installed on the ISS in 2011 and is expected to take data until the decommissioning of the Station itself. The instrument detects cosmic rays continuously and can also be used to monitor SEPs in real-time. A detection algorithm developed for the monitoring measures temporary increases in the trigger rates of AMS, using McIlwain’s L-parameter to characterize different conditions of the data-taking environment. A real-time monitor for SEPs has been realized reading data from the AMS Monitoring Interface (AMI) database and processing them using the custom algorithm that was developed.
国际空间站(ISS)的轨道平均高度为400公里,位于近地轨道(LEO),经常由宇航员居住。空间站的材料、残留的大气层和地磁场为机组人员和设备提供了抵御宇宙辐射的部分保护。太阳活动可以引起能量在~ 10 keV和几个gev之间的粒子的零星爆发,称为太阳高能粒子(sep)。SEP排放可以持续数小时甚至数天,并可能对国际空间站的居住者和设备构成实际风险。阿尔法磁谱仪(AMS)于2011年安装在国际空间站上,预计将在空间站本身退役之前收集数据。该仪器连续探测宇宙射线,也可用于实时监测sep。为监测而开发的一种检测算法使用McIlwain的l参数来表征数据采集环境的不同条件,测量AMS触发率的暂时增加。实现了从AMS监测接口(AMI)数据库中读取数据,并采用自定义算法对数据进行处理,实现了对sep的实时监测。
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引用次数: 0
Microwave Photon Emission in Superconducting Circuits 超导电路中的微波光子发射
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-10-30 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7040036
Alessandro D'Elia, Alessio Rettaroli, Fabio Chiarello, Daniele Di Gioacchino, Emanuele Enrico, Luca Fasolo, Carlo Ligi, Giovanni Maccarrone, Federica Mantegazzini, Benno Margesin, Francesco Mattioli, Simone Tocci, Andrea Vinante, Claudio Gatti
Quantum computing requires a novel approach to store data as quantum states, opposite to classical bits. One of the most promising candidates is entangled photons. In this manuscript, we show the photon emission in the range of microwave frequencies of three different types of superconducting circuits, a SQUID, a JPA, and a JTWPA, often used as low-noise parametric amplifiers. These devices can be operated as sources of entangled photons. We report the experimental protocol used to produce and measure microwave radiation from these circuits, as well as data simulations. The collected spectra are obtained by performing single-tone measurements with a direct rf pump on the devices; the output spectra at low powers (below −100 dBm) are well interpreted by the dynamical Casimir model, while at high powers (above −100 dBm) the system is well described by the Autler–Townes fluorescence of a three-level atom.
量子计算需要一种新颖的方法来将数据存储为量子态,而不是传统的比特。最有希望的候选者之一是纠缠光子。在本文中,我们展示了三种不同类型的超导电路(SQUID、JPA和JTWPA)在微波频率范围内的光子发射,这些电路通常用作低噪声参数放大器。这些装置可以作为纠缠光子的源来操作。我们报告了用于产生和测量这些电路的微波辐射的实验方案,以及数据模拟。收集的光谱是通过在设备上使用直接射频泵进行单音测量获得的;在低功率(低于- 100 dBm)下的输出光谱可以用动态卡西米尔模型很好地解释,而在高功率(高于- 100 dBm)下,系统可以用三能级原子的奥特勒-汤斯荧光很好地描述。
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引用次数: 0
Shaping Micro-Bunched Electron Beams for Compact X-ray Free-Electron Lasers with Transverse Gradient Undulators 具有横向梯度波动的紧凑x射线自由电子激光器的微束电子束整形
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7040035
River R. Robles, James B. Rosenzweig
Laser-modulator-based micro-bunching of electron beams has been applied to many novel operating modes of X-ray free-electron lasers from harmonic generation to attosecond pulse production. Recently, it was also identified as a key enabling technology for the production of a compact XFEL driven by a relatively low-energy beam. In traditional laser modulator schemes with low-energy and high-current bunches, collective effects limit the possible working points that can be employed, and thus it is difficult to achieve optimal XFEL performance. We propose to utilize transverse longitudinal coupling in a transverse gradient undulator (TGU) to shape micro-bunched electron beams so as to optimize their performance in a compact X-ray free-electron laser. We show that a TGU added to a conventional laser modulator stage enables much more flexibility in the design, allowing one to generate longer micro-bunches less subject to slippage effects and even lower the slice emittance of the micro-bunches. We present a theoretical analysis of laser-based micro-bunching with an added TGU, simulation of compression with collective effects in such systems, and finally XFEL simulations demonstrating the gains in peak power enabled by the TGU. Although we focus on the application to compact XFELs, what we propose is a general phase space manipulation that may find utility in other applications as well.
基于激光调制器的电子束微聚束已被应用于许多新的x射线自由电子激光器的工作模式,从谐波产生到阿秒脉冲产生。最近,它也被确定为生产由相对低能量光束驱动的紧凑型XFEL的关键使能技术。在传统的低能量大电流束激光调制器方案中,集体效应限制了可采用的工作点,因此难以获得最佳的XFEL性能。我们提出利用横向梯度波动器(TGU)中的横向纵向耦合来形成微束电子束,以优化其在紧凑的x射线自由电子激光器中的性能。我们的研究表明,在传统的激光调制器中添加TGU可以使设计更具灵活性,从而可以产生更长的微束,而不受滑移效应的影响,甚至可以降低微束的片发射率。我们提出了一个理论分析的激光微束与一个附加的TGU,模拟压缩与集体效应在这样的系统中,最后的XFEL模拟演示了峰值功率的增益由TGU实现。尽管我们关注的是压缩XFELs的应用程序,但我们提出的是一种通用的相位空间操作,它也可能在其他应用程序中找到实用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Attosecond Pulses from Ionization Injection Wakefield Accelerators 电离注入尾流场加速器的阿秒脉冲
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-10-24 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7040034
Paolo Tomassini, Vojtech Horny, Domenico Doria
High-quality ionization injection methods for wakefield acceleration driven by lasers or charged beams (LWFA/PWFA) can be optimized so as to generate high-brightness electron beams with tuneable duration in the attosecond range. We present a model of the minimum bunch duration obtainable with low-emittance ionization injection schemes by spotting the roles of the ionization pulse duration, of the wakefield longitudinal shape and of the delay of the ionization pulse position with respect to the node of the accelerating field. The model is tested for the resonant multi-pulse ionization injection (ReMPI) scheme, showing that bunches having a length of about 300 as can be obtained with an ionization pulse having a duration of 30 fs FWHM.
通过优化激光或充电束驱动尾流场加速的高质量电离注入方法,可以产生持续时间在阿秒范围内可调的高亮度电子束。我们通过发现电离脉冲持续时间、尾流场纵向形状和电离脉冲位置相对于加速场节点的延迟的作用,提出了低发射电离注入方案可获得的最小束持续时间的模型。对该模型进行了共振多脉冲电离注入(ReMPI)方案的测试,结果表明,在FWHM持续时间为30 fs的电离脉冲下,可以获得长度约为300的束。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Molybdenum Coatings on the Accelerating Cavity Quality Factor 钼镀层对加速腔质量因子的影响
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-10-21 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7040033
Pablo Vidal Vidal García, Stefano Sarti, Martina Carillo, Lucia Giuliano, Augusto Marcelli, Bruno Spataro, Andrea Alimenti, Kostiantyn Torokhtii, Enrico Silva, Nicola Pompeo
In this work, a detailed parametric study assessing the impact of low-conductivity coatings on the radio-frequency accelerating cavity quality factor and resonance frequency shift is presented. In particular, this study is aimed at proving the feasibility of molybdenum oxides deposited on copper to reduce the dark current in high-gradient applications due to its intrinsically high work function. In order to compute the effective surface impedance of the resulting layered structure, a transmission line-based approach is adopted. The present analysis demonstrates the potential effectiveness of molybdenum thin-films, which only slightly affects the accelerating cavity quality factor, with very low sensitivity to thickness and resistivity inhomogeneities.
在这项工作中,详细的参数研究评估了低电导率涂层对射频加速腔质量因子和共振频移的影响。特别是,本研究旨在证明在铜上沉积钼氧化物在高梯度应用中降低暗电流的可行性,因为其本质上具有高功函数。为了计算得到的层状结构的有效表面阻抗,采用了基于传输线的方法。本文的分析证明了钼薄膜的潜在有效性,它对加速腔质量因子的影响很小,对厚度和电阻率不均匀性的敏感性很低。
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引用次数: 0
Low-Cost Hyperspectral Imaging Device for Portable Remote Sensing 便携式遥感低成本高光谱成像装置
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7040032
Eleftheria Maria Pechlivani, Athanasios Papadimitriou, Sotirios Pemas, Nikolaos Giakoumoglou, Dimitrios Tzovaras
Hyperspectral imaging has revolutionized various scientific fields by enabling a detailed analysis of objects and materials based on their spectral signatures. However, the high cost and complexity of commercial hyperspectral camera systems limit their accessibility to researchers and professionals. In this paper, a do-it-yourself (DIY) hyperspectral camera device that offers a cost-effective and user-friendly alternative to hyperspectral imaging is presented. The proposed device leverages off-the-shelf components, commercially available hardware parts, open-source software, and novel calibration techniques to capture and process hyperspectral imaging data. The design considerations, hardware components, and construction process are discussed, providing a comprehensive guide for building the device. Furthermore, the performance of the DIY hyperspectral camera is investigated through experimental evaluations with a multi-color 3D-printed box in order to validate its sensitivities to red, green, blue, orange and white colors.
高光谱成像技术通过对物体和材料的光谱特征进行详细分析,彻底改变了各个科学领域。然而,商用高光谱相机系统的高成本和复杂性限制了研究人员和专业人员的可及性。本文介绍了一种可替代高光谱成像的、具有成本效益和用户友好性的DIY高光谱相机装置。该设备利用现成的组件、商用硬件部件、开源软件和新颖的校准技术来捕获和处理高光谱成像数据。讨论了设计注意事项、硬件组成和施工过程,为构建该设备提供了全面的指导。此外,通过多色3d打印盒实验评估,考察了DIY高光谱相机的性能,验证了其对红、绿、蓝、橙、白等颜色的灵敏度。
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引用次数: 2
Correction: Topuz et al. DOME: Discrete Oriented Muon Emission in GEANT4 Simulations. Instruments 2022, 6, 42 更正:Topuz等人。离散定向μ子发射在GEANT4模拟中的应用。仪器:2022、6、42
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-09-27 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7040031
Ahmet Ilker Topuz, Madis Kiisk, Andrea Giammanco
In the original publication [...]
在原出版物中[…]
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引用次数: 0
Moving from Raman Spectroscopy Lab towards Analytical Applications: A Review of Interlaboratory Studies 从拉曼光谱实验室走向分析应用:实验室间研究综述
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-09-25 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7040030
Elena-Andreea Rusu, Monica Baia
Is Raman spectroscopy applicable for analytical purposes? Although Raman spectroscopy is a commonly used technique for analyzing sample characteristics and has numerous benefits, it still has several significant limitations that hinder the current tendency to produce the same results regardless of location, equipment, or operator. Overcoming these drawbacks may help to further the development of personalized medicine, diagnosis and treatment, the development of work protocols, and the pursuit of consistent and repeatable performance across all fields. Interlaboratory studies are currently the best way to do this. In this study, we reviewed the interlaboratory studies on Raman spectroscopy conducted to highlight the importance of moving to quantitative analysis in controlled environments. The advantages of Raman spectroscopy, including its high molecular specificity, short spectrum acquisition time, and excellent component identification capabilities, were clearly stated in all experiments. The Raman spectroscopy lab is taking small steps toward analytical applications by figuring out how to accurately predict concentrations in the relevant range of concentrations, developing and verifying the technology, and producing homogenous samples for those investigations.
拉曼光谱是否适用于分析?尽管拉曼光谱是一种常用的分析样品特性的技术,并且有许多优点,但它仍然有几个显著的局限性,阻碍了当前的趋势,无论地点、设备或操作人员如何,都无法产生相同的结果。克服这些缺点可能有助于进一步发展个性化医疗、诊断和治疗,制定工作方案,并在所有领域追求一致和可重复的表现。实验室间研究是目前最好的方法。在本研究中,我们回顾了拉曼光谱的实验室间研究,以强调在受控环境中进行定量分析的重要性。拉曼光谱具有分子特异性高、光谱采集时间短、组分鉴定能力强等优点,在所有实验中都得到了明确体现。拉曼光谱实验室正在研究如何准确预测相关浓度范围内的浓度,开发和验证该技术,并为这些研究生产同质样品,从而在分析应用方面迈出了一小步。
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引用次数: 0
Demonstration of Autonomous Emittance Characterization at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator 在Argonne Wakefield加速器上的自主发射度表征演示
Q3 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.3390/instruments7030029
Ryan Roussel, Dylan Kennedy, Auralee Edelen, Seongyeol Kim, Eric Wisniewski, John Power
Transverse beam emittance plays a key role in the performance of high-brightness accelerators. Characterizing beam emittance is often carried out using a quadrupole scan, which fits beam matrix elements to experimental measurements using first-order beam dynamics. Despite its simplicity at face value, this procedure is difficult to automate due to practical limitations. Key issues that must be addressed include maintaining beam size measurement validity by keeping beams within the radius of diagnostic screens, ensuring that measurement fitting produces physically valid results, and accurately characterizing emittance uncertainty. We describe a demonstration of the Bayesian exploration technique towards solving this problem at the Argonne Wakefield Accelerator, enabling a turn-key, autonomous quadrupole scan tool that can be used to quickly measure beam emittances at various locations in accelerators with limited operator input.
横向光束发射度是影响高亮度加速器性能的关键因素。表征光束发射度通常使用四极扫描进行,该扫描将光束矩阵元素与使用一阶光束动力学的实验测量相匹配。尽管表面上看起来很简单,但由于实际的限制,这个过程很难自动化。必须解决的关键问题包括通过将光束保持在诊断屏幕的半径内来保持光束尺寸测量的有效性,确保测量拟合产生物理有效的结果,并准确表征发射度的不确定性。我们描述了在Argonne Wakefield加速器上解决这一问题的贝叶斯勘探技术的演示,实现了一个交钥匙、自主的四极扫描工具,可用于在操作员输入有限的情况下快速测量加速器中不同位置的光束发射。
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