The aim of the project work is to treat the landfill leachate before disposal. The necessity for landfill leachate treatment is a requisite to reduce the environmental related to impact related to municipal solid waste land fill. If leachate is directly disposed into environment it creates serious problems on the surrounding soil, ground water aquifers and nearby surface water. Therefore great attention has been directed towards new techniques based on physico- chemical process, and heavy metals removal using low cost materials as filter media with down flow reactor. Leachate generation is a major problem for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and causes significant threat to surface water and groundwater. Leachate can be defined as a liquid that passes through a landfill and has extracted dissolved and suspended matter from it. Leachate results from precipitation entering the landfill from moisture that exists in the waste when it is composed. Different consider while deciding for an appropriate treatment process. This paper presents the results of the analyses of leachate treatment from the solid waste land fill. Key Words: : Leachate, physico-chemical process, landfill, precipitation, solid waste, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Leachate Treatment Using Low-Cost Adsorbents","authors":"R. A, S. T","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem37021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37021","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the project work is to treat the landfill leachate before disposal. The necessity for landfill leachate treatment is a requisite to reduce the environmental related to impact related to municipal solid waste land fill. If leachate is directly disposed into environment it creates serious problems on the surrounding soil, ground water aquifers and nearby surface water. Therefore great attention has been directed towards new techniques based on physico- chemical process, and heavy metals removal using low cost materials as filter media with down flow reactor. Leachate generation is a major problem for municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and causes significant threat to surface water and groundwater. Leachate can be defined as a liquid that passes through a landfill and has extracted dissolved and suspended matter from it. Leachate results from precipitation entering the landfill from moisture that exists in the waste when it is composed. Different consider while deciding for an appropriate treatment process. This paper presents the results of the analyses of leachate treatment from the solid waste land fill. Key Words: : Leachate, physico-chemical process, landfill, precipitation, solid waste, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"9 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141919693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study explores the integration of innovative construction materials and techniques for industrial noise abatement. With the rising impact of industrial activities on surrounding environments, mitigating noise pollution has become a critical concern. This paper aims to assess the feasibility, , and performance of advanced materials such as sound-absorbing composites and cutting-edge construction methods designed to minimize noise propagation .The investigation encompasses a comprehensive analysis of material properties, including acoustic absorption coefficients, durability, and environmental sustainability. Concurrently, the study evaluates construction techniques like modular design and innovative structural configurations to optimize noise reduction in industrial settings. Keywords: Noise meter, Impedance tube, Woodgrip, Natural materials, Industry.
{"title":"Industrial Noise Abatement Study by Using Natural Materials","authors":"Mr. Vishal P Kumbhar","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem37022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37022","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the integration of innovative construction materials and techniques for industrial noise abatement. With the rising impact of industrial activities on surrounding environments, mitigating noise pollution has become a critical concern. This paper aims to assess the feasibility, , and performance of advanced materials such as sound-absorbing composites and cutting-edge construction methods designed to minimize noise propagation .The investigation encompasses a comprehensive analysis of material properties, including acoustic absorption coefficients, durability, and environmental sustainability. Concurrently, the study evaluates construction techniques like modular design and innovative structural configurations to optimize noise reduction in industrial settings. Keywords: Noise meter, Impedance tube, Woodgrip, Natural materials, Industry.","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"17 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141920717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wireless sensor network is a network that consists of large number of small nodes .The major aspect for concern in this field is energy. LEACH protocol has been proven to produce handsome result as per energy criteria is concerned. In this paper, we propose a method ‘LEACH with Dynamic Sink Approach’ in which we improve the LEACH and reduces the energy consumption by using distance and energy factor to determine the cluster head and sink position after each round. The position of the sink is change after each round according to the energy left in the node and the cluster head is selected according to the distance between the sink and sensor node. The main aim of the proposed task is to improve the overall network lifetime. To simulate the ‘LEACH with Dynamic Sink Approach’ protocol and data analysis we use the MATLAB network simulation. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network; Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH); LEACH with Dynamic Sink Approach; E-LEACH; EE-LEACH; MATLAB Simulation.
{"title":"LEACH with Dynamic Sink Approach by applying Energy and Distance factor in determining Sink Position and Cluster Heads in Wireless Sensor Networks","authors":"Deepak Suman, Prof. Manish Kumar","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem36982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36982","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless sensor network is a network that consists of large number of small nodes .The major aspect for concern in this field is energy. LEACH protocol has been proven to produce handsome result as per energy criteria is concerned. In this paper, we propose a method ‘LEACH with Dynamic Sink Approach’ in which we improve the LEACH and reduces the energy consumption by using distance and energy factor to determine the cluster head and sink position after each round. The position of the sink is change after each round according to the energy left in the node and the cluster head is selected according to the distance between the sink and sensor node. The main aim of the proposed task is to improve the overall network lifetime. To simulate the ‘LEACH with Dynamic Sink Approach’ protocol and data analysis we use the MATLAB network simulation. Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network; Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH); LEACH with Dynamic Sink Approach; E-LEACH; EE-LEACH; MATLAB Simulation.","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"78 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Composite materials are widely used in aerospace structures due to their high strength-to weight ratio and high stiffness-to-weight ratio as compared to conventional materials.Well-judged combination of materials along with the specific type of engineering structures, stiffened structures, provide tailored properties for aircraft structural components. In this work, the design and fabrication of composite stiffened panel is studied Being such a widely used structural component (composite stiffened panels) in aerospace industry, effective fabrication and assessment of integrated composite stiffened panel become a major interest in the research community. Being a thin-walled structure, the behavior of composite stiffened panel is governed its stability criteria. Therefore, the experimental study can be carried out to understand the stability behavior of laminated composite stiffened panels, in terms of buckling loads and failure loads. Key Words: A Composites, stiffened panels, stiffeners, aircraft structures, buckling/failure load
{"title":"FABRICATION OF COMPOSITE STIFFENED PANEL","authors":"Syed Masood, DR.K Jagath","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem37006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37006","url":null,"abstract":"A Composite materials are widely used in aerospace structures due to their high strength-to weight ratio and high stiffness-to-weight ratio as compared to conventional materials.Well-judged combination of materials along with the specific type of engineering structures, stiffened structures, provide tailored properties for aircraft structural components. In this work, the design and fabrication of composite stiffened panel is studied Being such a widely used structural component (composite stiffened panels) in aerospace industry, effective fabrication and assessment of integrated composite stiffened panel become a major interest in the research community. Being a thin-walled structure, the behavior of composite stiffened panel is governed its stability criteria. Therefore, the experimental study can be carried out to understand the stability behavior of laminated composite stiffened panels, in terms of buckling loads and failure loads. Key Words: A Composites, stiffened panels, stiffeners, aircraft structures, buckling/failure load","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"36 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141924789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing process that creates objects by depositing successive layers of material. FDM is the most widely used additive manufacturing process because of its ability to create complex geometries. Various FDM process parameter affects the mechanical property of FDM objects. The main objective of this paper to stud the layer height of specimens, one of the important process parameter, build using Carbon poly-lactic acid part(C-PLA) with FDM process. For that Dogbone specimens as per ASTM D638-14 standard prepared using FDM process with three different layer height(h) of 0.12 mm, 0.23 mm and 0.35 mm. Three different sets of specimens with 0 0 ,450 , 900 raster orientation (θ) were printed using FDM process. Then specimens were tested on UTM machine to evaluate ultimate tensile strength for all specimens. Results show that high tensile strength found for lower layer height specimens compare to higher layer height specimens. Keywords: Fused deposition modeling, Tensile strength, Elastic modulus,PLA
{"title":"Effect of Layer Height on Tenile Strength of Fused Deposited Modeling Printed Carbon Poly-Lactic Acid Part","authors":"Sumitkumar Y Patel, Dr. Chaitanya K. Desai","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem37009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37009","url":null,"abstract":"Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing process that creates objects by depositing successive layers of material. FDM is the most widely used additive manufacturing process because of its ability to create complex geometries. Various FDM process parameter affects the mechanical property of FDM objects. The main objective of this paper to stud the layer height of specimens, one of the important process parameter, build using Carbon poly-lactic acid part(C-PLA) with FDM process. For that Dogbone specimens as per ASTM D638-14 standard prepared using FDM process with three different layer height(h) of 0.12 mm, 0.23 mm and 0.35 mm. Three different sets of specimens with 0 0 ,450 , 900 raster orientation (θ) were printed using FDM process. Then specimens were tested on UTM machine to evaluate ultimate tensile strength for all specimens. Results show that high tensile strength found for lower layer height specimens compare to higher layer height specimens. Keywords: Fused deposition modeling, Tensile strength, Elastic modulus,PLA","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article provides a detailed examination of industrial policies influencing the Indian petroleum sector's growth. It explores regulatory frameworks, liberalization efforts, and incentives for domestic exploration, refining, and retail sectors. Environmental regulations and future outlook considerations are also discussed. Overall, it highlights the complex interplay between policies and industry dynamics in shaping India's petroleum landscape. Keywords: Indian Petroleum Industry, Industrial Policies, Growth ,Analysis , Regulatory Framework
{"title":"Driving Growth: An In-depth Analysis of Industrial Policies Shaping the Indian Petroleum Industry","authors":"V.V Srimannarayana, Karri Srinivasu, Bantu Tirupati Rao, Dr.T Anilkumar","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem37003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37003","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a detailed examination of industrial policies influencing the Indian petroleum sector's growth. It explores regulatory frameworks, liberalization efforts, and incentives for domestic exploration, refining, and retail sectors. Environmental regulations and future outlook considerations are also discussed. Overall, it highlights the complex interplay between policies and industry dynamics in shaping India's petroleum landscape. Keywords: Indian Petroleum Industry, Industrial Policies, Growth ,Analysis , Regulatory Framework","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"11 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141925220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fintech is the thriving industry of present-day industrial world. Beginning from a small street vendor to precious gems dealers, majority of the transactions are accomplished through fintech services worldwide. Gone are the days where customer used to visit any shop or service with their wallets full of cash. The present-day mantra of any customer and the business world is “cashless”. The fintech revolution has ushered the customer into the era of cashless, be it withdrawal or deposit of cash. The fintech industry has strengthened its roots in India during the global crises 2008. The crises have brought in the essential innovative transformations known as Fintech.3 in every field be it financial or marketing. Awareness on the usage of digital and online services has gradually advanced due to the increase in the presence of private players. The smart phones have ushered the era of digital banking which has brought in financial inclusion of all unorganised sectors. Mobile banking and internet banking were the first steps in our economy’s shift towards fintech services. Integration of multiple services of the financial institutions have initiated the online presence of the customers. The markets have gradually shifted from product centric to customer centric. Customer has become the God in the eyes of all services. Demonetization is the primary driving factor for the growth and development of the fintech services in India. Mandating banks and public on the limited usage of ATMs for cash withdrawals acted as a catalyst for the changing of the mindset of the public. Promoting of the fintech services by the Prime Minister internationally and nation-wide has given the public the assurance on the security of using them. The RBI has opened the financial sector for the private fintech startups like Paytm, phonepe, google pay which were based on the existing international fintech companies like PayPal and Visa. The new entrants of fintech services have revolutionized the entire outlook of financial inclusion. Technology has become inexpensive, readily available at the hands of customers. Smart phones carrying the features of scanning technology, 5G technology have made the transformation towards the fintech services effortless. The emergence of UPI (Universal Payments Interface) has brought India into the global arena of fintech services. India is expected to have a $1.3 trillion fintech market by 2025. The BNPL (buy now pay later) model has resulted in the expansion of the markets and buying behaviour of the customers. Credit cards have changed the customer’s buying patterns. The pay later option has amplified the customer life time value with a product. Gone are the days when the prospective lead of a product or a service will turn into as customer on payment of cash. Cashless transactions have impacted the buying behaviour twin-fold. First, the customers usage number per service is increasing and the second is the retention which is related to the custom
{"title":"Factors Affecting Customers Lifetime Value of Fintech Services","authors":"Bhavani Sri Ramya M","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem36996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36996","url":null,"abstract":"Fintech is the thriving industry of present-day industrial world. Beginning from a small street vendor to precious gems dealers, majority of the transactions are accomplished through fintech services worldwide. Gone are the days where customer used to visit any shop or service with their wallets full of cash. The present-day mantra of any customer and the business world is “cashless”. The fintech revolution has ushered the customer into the era of cashless, be it withdrawal or deposit of cash. The fintech industry has strengthened its roots in India during the global crises 2008. The crises have brought in the essential innovative transformations known as Fintech.3 in every field be it financial or marketing. Awareness on the usage of digital and online services has gradually advanced due to the increase in the presence of private players. The smart phones have ushered the era of digital banking which has brought in financial inclusion of all unorganised sectors. Mobile banking and internet banking were the first steps in our economy’s shift towards fintech services. Integration of multiple services of the financial institutions have initiated the online presence of the customers. The markets have gradually shifted from product centric to customer centric. Customer has become the God in the eyes of all services. Demonetization is the primary driving factor for the growth and development of the fintech services in India. Mandating banks and public on the limited usage of ATMs for cash withdrawals acted as a catalyst for the changing of the mindset of the public. Promoting of the fintech services by the Prime Minister internationally and nation-wide has given the public the assurance on the security of using them. The RBI has opened the financial sector for the private fintech startups like Paytm, phonepe, google pay which were based on the existing international fintech companies like PayPal and Visa. The new entrants of fintech services have revolutionized the entire outlook of financial inclusion. Technology has become inexpensive, readily available at the hands of customers. Smart phones carrying the features of scanning technology, 5G technology have made the transformation towards the fintech services effortless. The emergence of UPI (Universal Payments Interface) has brought India into the global arena of fintech services. India is expected to have a $1.3 trillion fintech market by 2025. The BNPL (buy now pay later) model has resulted in the expansion of the markets and buying behaviour of the customers. Credit cards have changed the customer’s buying patterns. The pay later option has amplified the customer life time value with a product. Gone are the days when the prospective lead of a product or a service will turn into as customer on payment of cash. Cashless transactions have impacted the buying behaviour twin-fold. First, the customers usage number per service is increasing and the second is the retention which is related to the custom","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"81 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Sign Language conversion project presents a real-time system that can interpret sign language from a live webcam feed. Leveraging the power of the Media pipe library for landmark detection, the project extracts vital information from each frame, including hand landmarks. The detected landmark coordinates are then collected and stored in a CSV file for further analysis. Using machine learning techniques, a Random Forest Classifier is trained on this landmark data to classify different sign language patterns. During the webcam feed processing, the trained model predicts the sign language class and its probability in real- time. The results are overlaid on the video stream, providing users with immediate insights into the subject's sign language cues. Key Words: Sign language recognition, Hand gesture recognition, Gesture-to-text conversion, Visual language processing.
手语转换项目展示了一个实时系统，该系统可从实时网络摄像头馈送中解读手语。该项目利用 Media pipe 库的地标检测功能，从每一帧图像中提取重要信息，包括手部地标。然后将检测到的地标坐标收集并存储到 CSV 文件中，以便进一步分析。利用机器学习技术，在这些地标数据上训练随机森林分类器，对不同的手语模式进行分类。在网络摄像头馈送处理过程中，经过训练的模型会实时预测手语类别及其概率。预测结果会叠加在视频流上，让用户即时了解被试的手语提示。关键字手语识别、手势识别、手势到文本转换、视觉语言处理。
{"title":"Real Time Hand Sign Language Translation: Text and Speech Conversion","authors":"Yasaswini M, Sanjay S 2, Lokesh U, Arun M. A","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem36998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem36998","url":null,"abstract":"The Sign Language conversion project presents a real-time system that can interpret sign language from a live webcam feed. Leveraging the power of the Media pipe library for landmark detection, the project extracts vital information from each frame, including hand landmarks. The detected landmark coordinates are then collected and stored in a CSV file for further analysis. Using machine learning techniques, a Random Forest Classifier is trained on this landmark data to classify different sign language patterns. During the webcam feed processing, the trained model predicts the sign language class and its probability in real- time. The results are overlaid on the video stream, providing users with immediate insights into the subject's sign language cues. Key Words: Sign language recognition, Hand gesture recognition, Gesture-to-text conversion, Visual language processing.","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"51 36","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigates the comparative analysis between brick walls and stone walls, focusing on their historical development, construction techniques, structural arrangements, aesthetics, environmental impacts, and economic considerations. The utilization of bricks as a construction material can be traced back to 7000 B.C. in Mesopotamia, with notable progressions occurring circa 2500 B.C. following the innovation of kiln firing, resulting in more robust and long-lasting bricks. Throughout history, bricks have been utilized in significant architectural endeavors such as the Great Wall of China and Roman aqueducts, with the Industrial Revolution further enhancing their cost-effectiveness and manufacturing efficiency. Conversely, stone walls are renowned for their endurance, visual attractiveness, and historical importance. Although brick walls are favored for their cost-effectiveness and ease of construction, stone walls are chosen for their durability and aesthetic appeal. Furthermore, the study highlights the environmental concerns associated with brick manufacturing, specifically the emissions from kiln firing and transportation. By scrutinizing these facets, the paper aims to offer a comprehensive insight to assist in decision-making concerning the selection of suitable materials for construction undertakings. Both materials possess distinct advantages and drawbacks, rendering them suitable for specific circumstances and purposes. Key Words: brick, stone, concrete block, load bearing capacity
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Brick Walls and Stone Walls","authors":"D. S. Thanki, G. D. Gohil","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem37004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37004","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the comparative analysis between brick walls and stone walls, focusing on their historical development, construction techniques, structural arrangements, aesthetics, environmental impacts, and economic considerations. The utilization of bricks as a construction material can be traced back to 7000 B.C. in Mesopotamia, with notable progressions occurring circa 2500 B.C. following the innovation of kiln firing, resulting in more robust and long-lasting bricks. Throughout history, bricks have been utilized in significant architectural endeavors such as the Great Wall of China and Roman aqueducts, with the Industrial Revolution further enhancing their cost-effectiveness and manufacturing efficiency. Conversely, stone walls are renowned for their endurance, visual attractiveness, and historical importance. Although brick walls are favored for their cost-effectiveness and ease of construction, stone walls are chosen for their durability and aesthetic appeal. Furthermore, the study highlights the environmental concerns associated with brick manufacturing, specifically the emissions from kiln firing and transportation. By scrutinizing these facets, the paper aims to offer a comprehensive insight to assist in decision-making concerning the selection of suitable materials for construction undertakings. Both materials possess distinct advantages and drawbacks, rendering them suitable for specific circumstances and purposes. Key Words: brick, stone, concrete block, load bearing capacity","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"91 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141922038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mechanical properties of aluminium alloys can be enhanced by reinforcing it with hard ceramic particles. In this work 6061 Al alloy was selected to reinforce it with B4C particles through stir casting. It was found that the hardness of the AA 6061-B4C composite was higher than the base alloy even though the reinforcement particle distribution is not uniform due to the casting anomalies. Keywords—composites, stir casting, aluminium metal matrix composites.
用硬陶瓷颗粒强化铝合金可提高其机械性能。本研究选择了 6061 Al 合金，通过搅拌铸造用 B4C 颗粒对其进行强化。结果发现，尽管由于铸造异常导致增强粒子分布不均匀，但 AA 6061-B4C 复合材料的硬度仍高于基合金。关键词：复合材料；搅拌铸造；铝金属基复合材料。
{"title":"Investigation on Casting Anomalies of Liquid Metallurgy - Processed AA 6061-B4C Composites","authors":"V. V. Monikandan, P. V. Prasanth, E. R. Dhas","doi":"10.55041/ijsrem37019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem37019","url":null,"abstract":"The mechanical properties of aluminium alloys can be enhanced by reinforcing it with hard ceramic particles. In this work 6061 Al alloy was selected to reinforce it with B4C particles through stir casting. It was found that the hardness of the AA 6061-B4C composite was higher than the base alloy even though the reinforcement particle distribution is not uniform due to the casting anomalies. Keywords—composites, stir casting, aluminium metal matrix composites.","PeriodicalId":13661,"journal":{"name":"INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT","volume":"52 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141923636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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