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Tribology of Coated 316L SS by Various Nanoparticles. 各种纳米颗粒涂层 316L SS 的摩擦学。
IF 3 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS Pub Date : 2023-08-22 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6676473
Dhiaa J Aldabagh, Thair L Alzubadi, Akram F Alhuwaizi

Background: Nanocoating of biomedical materials may be considered the most essential developing field recently, primarily directed at improving their tribological behaviors that enhance their performance and durability. In orthodontics, as in many medical fields, friction reduction (by nanocoatings) among different orthodontic components is considered a substantial milestone in the development of biomedical technology that reduces orthodontic treatment time. The objective of the current research was to explore the tribological behavior, namely, friction of nanocoated thin layer by tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), and vanadium (V) manufactured using plasma sputtering at 1, 2, and 3 hours on substrates made of 316L stainless steel (SS), which is thought to be one of the most popular alloys for stainless steel orthodontic archwires. The friction of coated 316L SS archwires coated with Ta, Nb, and V plasma sputtering is hardly mentioned in the literature as of yet.

Results: An oscillating pin-on-plate tribological test using a computerized tribometer was performed by applying a load of 1 N for 20 minutes under the dry condition at room temperature (25°C) to understand their role in the tribological behavior of the bulk material. Ta and Nb were found to reduce the friction of their SS substrate significantly (45 and 55%, respectively), while V was found to deteriorate the friction of its substrate. Moreover, sputtering time had no substantial role in the friction reduction of coatings.

Conclusions: Nanocoating of 316L SS bulk material by Nb and Ta with a 1-hour plasma sputtering time can enhance dramatically its tribological behavior. Higher coating hardness, smaller nanoparticle size, intermediate surface coating roughness, and lower surface binding energy of the coatings may play a vital role in friction reduction of the coated 316L SS corresponding to SS orthodontic archwires, predicting to enhance orthodontic treatment.

背景:生物医学材料的纳米涂层可能被认为是最近最重要的发展领域,主要目的是改善其摩擦学行为,从而提高其性能和耐用性。与许多医学领域一样,在正畸学中,通过纳米涂层减少不同正畸部件之间的摩擦被认为是生物医学技术发展的一个重要里程碑,可缩短正畸治疗时间。当前研究的目的是探索摩擦学行为,即钽 (Ta)、铌 (Nb) 和钒 (V) 利用等离子溅射法在 316L 不锈钢 (SS) 制成的基底上以 1、2 和 3 小时制成的纳米涂层薄层的摩擦力。迄今为止,文献中几乎没有提及用 Ta、Nb 和 V 等离子溅射镀层的 316L SS 弓丝的摩擦情况:在室温(25°C)的干燥条件下,使用计算机化摩擦磨损测试仪进行了针对板的摆动摩擦测试,施加 1 N 的载荷 20 分钟,以了解它们在大块材料摩擦学行为中的作用。结果发现,Ta 和 Nb 能显著降低 SS 基体的摩擦力(分别为 45% 和 55%),而 V 则会降低基体的摩擦力。此外,溅射时间对涂层的摩擦降低作用不大:结论:用铌和钽对 316L SS 主体材料进行 1 小时等离子溅射的纳米涂层可显著提高其摩擦学性能。较高的涂层硬度、较小的纳米颗粒尺寸、中等的表面涂层粗糙度和较低的涂层表面结合能可能会在减少与 SS 正畸弓丝相对应的 316L SS 涂层的摩擦力方面发挥重要作用,从而提高正畸治疗的效果。
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引用次数: 0
Sugarcane Bagasse-Derived Cellulose Nanocrystal/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Gum Tragacanth Composite Film Incorporated with Betel Leaf Extract as a Versatile Biomaterial for Wound Dressing. 掺入槟榔叶提取物的甘蔗渣衍生纤维素纳米晶/聚乙烯醇/黄胶复合膜作为一种多功能伤口敷料生物材料。
IF 3 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS Pub Date : 2023-07-13 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9630168
Luong Ngoc Diem, Selorm Torgbo, Indranil Banerjee, Kunal Pal, Udomlak Sukatta, Prapassorn Rugthaworn, Prakit Sukyai

In this study, nanocomposite film was fabricated using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as nanofiller in a polymer matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gum tragacanth (GT) via solution casting. CNCs were extracted from sugarcane bagasse using a steam explosion technique followed by acid hydrolysis. Initial analysis of CNCs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed nanosized particles of 104 nm in length and 7 nm in width. Physical and chemical characteristics of neat PVA, PVA/GT, and PVA/GT/CNC films with varying concentrations of CNCs (from 2% to 10%) were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, mechanical test, and swelling test. The SEM analysis showed cluster formation of CNCs in the polymer matrix at high concentration. The developed films were transparent. FTIR spectrometry analysis confirmed the chemical functional groups of the various components in the film. The presence of GT and CNCs in the polymer matrix improved the characteristics of films as evident in the prolonged stability for 7 days and increased mechanical properties. The highest elastic modulus of 1526.11 ± 31.86 MPa and tensile strength of 80.39 MPa were recorded in PVA/GT/CNC2 film. The swelling ability, however, decreased from 260% to 230%. Cytotoxicity analysis of the PVA/GT/CNC film showed that it is nontoxic to mouse fibroblast cells L929 with 95% cell viability. Films loaded with betel leaf extract exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus DMST 8840 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR 781 with 28.20 ± 0.84 mm and 23.60 ± 0.55 mm inhibition zones, respectively. These results demonstrate that PVA/GT/CNC loaded with the betel leaf extract could act as promising and versatile wound dressings to protect the wound surface from infection and dehydration.

本研究以纤维素纳米晶体(CNCs)为纳米填料,通过溶液浇注法在聚乙烯醇(PVA)和黄胶(GT)聚合物基质中制成了纳米复合薄膜。CNCs 采用蒸汽爆炸技术从甘蔗渣中提取,然后进行酸水解。利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对 CNC 进行的初步分析显示,其为长度为 104 nm、宽度为 7 nm 的纳米级颗粒。通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、机械测试和膨胀测试分析了纯 PVA、PVA/GT 和含有不同浓度 CNC 的 PVA/GT/CNC 薄膜(从 2% 到 10%)的物理和化学特性。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,在高浓度下,聚合物基质中的氯化萘形成了团簇。显影后的薄膜是透明的。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析证实了薄膜中各种成分的化学官能团。聚合物基质中 GT 和 CNC 的存在改善了薄膜的特性,表现在 7 天稳定性的延长和机械性能的提高。PVA/GT/CNC2 薄膜的弹性模量最高,为 1526.11 ± 31.86 兆帕,拉伸强度最高,为 80.39 兆帕。然而,溶胀能力从 260% 降至 230%。PVA/GT/CNC 薄膜的细胞毒性分析表明,它对小鼠成纤维细胞 L929 无毒,细胞存活率为 95%。槟榔叶提取物薄膜对金黄色葡萄球菌 DMST 8840 和铜绿假单胞菌 TISTR 781 具有出色的抗菌活性,抑菌区分别为 28.20 ± 0.84 mm 和 23.60 ± 0.55 mm。这些结果表明,含有槟榔叶提取物的 PVA/GT/CNC 可用作前景广阔的多功能伤口敷料,保护伤口表面免受感染和脱水。
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引用次数: 0
Bond Strength of Reinforced Autopolymerized Acrylic Resin to Denture Base Resin 增强自聚合丙烯酸树脂与义齿基托树脂的结合强度
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-07-07 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8898843
N. Aimjirakul, Chavinee Apimanchindakul, B. Mahardawi, Pheeradej Na Nan, Suwit Wimonchit, N. Wongsirichat
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of applying short E-glass fiber (SEG) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UWPE) filler on the shear bond strength between the repaired surface of the rapid heat-cured and the reinforced autopolymerized acrylic resin. Fifty-six circular (15 × 3.3 mm2) rapid heat-cured resins were made and assigned equally to seven different groups. These were later bonded to fifty-six circular-reinforced autopolymerized acrylic resin specimens. Every test group included a control group, along with applying 1% and 2% SEG, 0.5% SEG/UWPE, 1% SEG/UWPE, and 1% and 2% UWPE. The universal testing machine was utilized to conduct the shear bond strength test. The repaired surface of these samples was assessed. Besides, the mode of failure was visualized under stereo microscope. The shear bond strength of all experimental groups was significantly higher than that of the control group. Group 3 with the addition of 1% SEG demonstrated the highest significance (12.86 MPa). The mode of failure for most of specimens was a mixed failure. Thus, it is indicated that enhancing the resin with 1% short E-glass fiber significantly improves the shear bond strength between repaired surface of the rapid heat-cured acrylic resin denture base and the reinforced autopolymerized acrylic resin.
本研究的目的是分析短E玻璃纤维(SEG)和超高分子量聚乙烯(UWPE)填料对快速热固化修复表面与增强型自聚合丙烯酸树脂之间剪切结合强度的影响。五十六通知(15 × 3.3 mm2)快速热固化树脂,并平均分配到七个不同的组。这些后来被结合到五十六个圆形增强的自聚合丙烯酸树脂样品上。每个测试组都包括一个对照组,同时应用1%和2%的SEG、0.5%的SEG/UWPE、1%的SEG/UWPE以及1%和2%UWPE。利用万能试验机进行了剪切粘结强度试验。对这些样品的修复表面进行了评估。此外,在立体显微镜下观察了故障模式。所有实验组的剪切结合强度均显著高于对照组。添加1%SEG的第3组表现出最高的显著性(12.86 MPa)。大多数试样的失效模式为混合失效。因此,用1%短E玻璃纤维增强树脂可以显著提高快速热固化丙烯酸树脂义齿基托修复表面与增强的自聚合丙烯酸树脂之间的剪切结合强度。
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引用次数: 0
A Novel Coating of Orthodontic Archwires with Chlorhexidine Hexametaphosphate Nanoparticles. 用六偏磷酸钠氯己定纳米粒子涂覆正畸弓丝的新方法
IF 3 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS Pub Date : 2023-03-15 eCollection Date: 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9981603
Zahraa Mohammed Al-Fadhily, Mehdi Abdul-Hadi

Materials and methods: A solution of CHX-HMP nanoparticles with an overall concentration of 5 mM for both CHX and HMP was prepared, characterized (using atomic force microscope and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy), and used to coat orthodontic stainless steel (SSW) and NiTi archwires (NiTiW). The coated segments were characterized (using scanning electron microscopy SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry and field emission SEM) and subjected to the elusion assessment.

Results: After having their composition validated, the average size of the CHX-HMP NPs was assessed to be 51.21 nm, and the analysis revealed that the particles had both chlorine and phosphorus. After 30 minutes in the coating solution, NPs deposited on the surface of the SSW and NiTiW. A continuous release of soluble CHX in artificial saliva was detected from both SSW and NiTiW as long as the experiment lasted for 28 days without reaching a plateau. However, the release from coated NiTiW was significantly more than coated SSW at 7, 14, and 28 days. While at day 21, the release from coated SSW was slightly greater than that from the coated NiTiW.

Conclusion: Orthodontic stainless steel and NiTi archwires can be successfully coated with CHX-HMP NPs and give sustained release of CHX along the examined period.

材料和方法:制备 CHX-HMP 纳米粒子溶液(CHX 和 HMP 的总浓度均为 5 mM),对其进行表征(使用原子力显微镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱),并用于涂覆正畸不锈钢(SSW)和镍钛弓丝(NiTiW)。对涂覆的片段进行了表征(使用扫描电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜与能量色散 X 射线光谱仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜),并进行了伸长率评估:经过成分验证,CHX-HMP NPs 的平均粒径为 51.21 nm,分析表明颗粒中含有氯和磷。在涂层溶液中浸泡 30 分钟后,NPs 沉积在 SSW 和 NiTiW 表面。只要实验持续 28 天,就能检测到 SSW 和 NiTiW 在人工唾液中持续释放可溶性 CHX,且没有达到平稳状态。然而,在 7、14 和 28 天时,涂层 NiTiW 的释放量明显高于涂层 SSW。而在第 21 天,涂层 SSW 的释放量略高于涂层 NiTiW:结论:正畸用不锈钢和镍钛弓丝可以成功包覆 CHX-HMP NPs,并在检查期间持续释放 CHX。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Chitosan-Based Hydrogel Obtained from Insects in Pine Planting. 昆虫壳聚糖基水凝胶在松木种植中的应用。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8175405
Yerlan Zhatkanbayev, Zhanna Zhatkanbayeva, Zhanar Iskakova, Ainagul Kolpek, Almas Serikov, Nazira Moldagulova, Gaziza Danlybayeva, Ainur Sarsenova, Sandugash Anuarbekova

Agrogels, a hydrogel applied in the soil that collects water during irrigation or rainfall and distributes moisture to plant roots during drought, are a solution to water shortage concerns. Extending the release of low molecular weight chemicals has the potential to minimise mineral fertiliser losses as well as water and soil pollution. Thus, the aim of the research is to obtain chitosan from insect chitin, to synthesize a hydrogel based on chitosan with included mineral and organic fertilisers, and to report on experiments with agrogels in the field. In this study, chitosan was obtained from the adult beetles Zophobas morio. IR spectroscopy was used to examine chitosan. The existence of absorption lines typical of primary amines was demonstrated. In one step, a technique for the manufacture of chitosan-based hydrogels containing embedded mineral fertilisers was established. Hydrogel has a swelling coefficient of 60 g/g. Agrogels were evaluated while planting spruce seedlings on "Semei Ormany" LLP experimental locations. The survival rate of seedlings was found to be 40% higher in the experimental group than in the control group.

水凝胶是一种应用于土壤中的水凝胶,在灌溉或降雨时收集水分,在干旱时将水分分配给植物根系,是解决水资源短缺问题的一种方法。延长低分子量化学品的释放有可能最大限度地减少矿物肥料的损失以及水和土壤污染。因此,本研究的目的是从昆虫甲壳素中提取壳聚糖,在壳聚糖的基础上合成含矿质和有机肥的水凝胶,并报道凝胶在田间的实验。本研究从成虫中提取壳聚糖。利用红外光谱对壳聚糖进行了表征。证实了伯胺的典型吸收谱线的存在。在第一步中,建立了一种以壳聚糖为基础的含有嵌入矿物肥料的水凝胶的制造技术。水凝胶的膨胀系数为60g /g。在“Semei Ormany”LLP实验地点种植云杉幼苗时,对凝胶进行了评价。结果表明,试验组幼苗成活率比对照组高40%。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrogel-Based Hyaluronic Acid-Chitosan-Allium sativum Extract for Intraperitoneal Antiadhesion Application. 水凝胶透明质酸-壳聚糖-葱提取物的合成与表征。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5172391
Prihartini Widiyanti, Yolanda Citra Ayu Priskawati

Peritoneal Adhesion is a severe case that frequently occurs in patients after laparotomy surgery. Adhesions are pathological attachment that usually appears between the omentum, intestine, and abdominal wall. Several barriers are made to prevent adhesions, including liquid barriers such as sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) but are fast absorbed-time hydrogel. The solid barrier has weakness of difficulty in covering all parts of the wound surface. The study aims to synthesize degradable hydrogel from N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan (NOCC), Aldehyde-Hyaluronic Acid, and the addition of Allium sativum (garlic oil). The best sample with the concentration of A-HA/NOCC 30 : 10 g/ml was obtained. The composite hydrogel of NOCC/AHA/Allium sativum has susceptible antimicrobial properties. In vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that hydrogel is nontoxic. The degradation time is for two weeks. The in vivo evaluation in a mouse model with an abrasion defect side was done to identify the effectiveness of the NOCC/AHA/A. sativum as antiperitoneal adhesion. Seven days after surgery, the observation of adhesion was performed. Based on all assay results, it can be resumed that the NOCC/AHA/A. sativum hydrogel possibly acts as an innovation to prevent postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion.

腹膜粘连是剖腹手术后常见的严重并发症。粘连是通常出现在大网膜、肠和腹壁之间的病理性附着。有几种屏障可以防止粘连,包括液体屏障,如透明质酸钠和羧甲基纤维素(CMC),但它们是快速吸收的水凝胶。固体屏障的缺点是难以覆盖创面的所有部位。以N, o -羧甲基壳聚糖(NOCC)和醛透明质酸为原料,添加大蒜油合成可降解水凝胶。最佳样品为A-HA/NOCC浓度为30:10 g/ml。NOCC/AHA/Allium sativum复合水凝胶具有敏感的抗菌性能。体外细胞毒性试验表明,水凝胶无毒。降解时间为两周。在具有磨损缺陷侧的小鼠模型中进行了体内评价,以确定NOCC/AHA/ a的有效性。Sativum作为抗腹膜粘连。术后7 d观察粘连情况。根据所有检测结果,可以恢复NOCC/AHA/A。Sativum水凝胶可能是防止术后腹腔粘连的一种创新。
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引用次数: 2
Improving the Biological Properties of UHMWPE Biocomposite for Orthopedic Applications. 提高超高分子量聚乙烯生物复合材料在骨科领域的生物学性能。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4219841
Tamara R Kadhim, Jawad K Oleiwi, Qahtan A Hamad

Bone plates are essential for bone fracture healing because they modify the biomechanical microenvironment at the fracture site to provide the necessary mechanical fixation for fracture fragments. The objective of this study was to determine cell availability, antibacterial activity, and wettability through a contact angle test. However, biocomposites that involve UHMWPE reinforced with n-HA and n-TiO2 particles at different fractions (0, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5%) and 5% from carbon and Kevlar fibers were fabricated by hot pressing technique. In vitro studies revealed good cell viability on the surface of the hybrid biocomposite even after 72 hr. The UHMEPE nanocomposite reinforced with carbon showed better cell attachment for fibroblasts than other UHMWPE nanocomposite materials reinforced with Kevlar fiber. The results of the contact angle measurements indicated that the incorporation of nanoparticles and the fiber reinforcement increased the wettability due to the hydrophilic character of nanobiocomposite, and also (UHMWPE-4.5% wt. TiO2-CF) biocomposite was the best wettability (∼48% as compared to neat UHMWPE). Antibacterial experiments involving Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, confirm excellent bactericidal property for (UHMWPE-4.5% wt. TiO2-CF) biocomposite. Thermal analysis of the produced nanocomposites revealed that they had higher melting and crystallinity temperatures than pure UHMWPE.

骨板对骨折愈合至关重要,因为它们可以改变骨折部位的生物力学微环境,为骨折碎片提供必要的机械固定。本研究的目的是通过接触角测试确定细胞可用性、抗菌活性和润湿性。然而,通过热压技术制备了由碳和凯夫拉尔纤维以不同分数(0、1.5、2.5、3.5和4.5%)和5%的n-HA和n-TiO2颗粒增强的超高分子量聚乙烯生物复合材料。体外研究表明,即使在72小时后,混合生物复合材料表面仍具有良好的细胞活力。碳增强UHMEPE纳米复合材料对成纤维细胞的附着性优于其他凯夫拉纤维增强UHMWPE纳米复合材料。接触角测量结果表明,纳米颗粒和纤维增强剂的掺入增加了纳米生物复合材料的亲水性,并且(UHMWPE-4.5% wt. TiO2-CF)生物复合材料的润湿性最好(与纯UHMWPE相比,润湿性为48%)。对革兰氏阳性菌金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌实验证实(UHMWPE-4.5% wt. TiO2-CF)生物复合材料具有优异的杀菌性能。对制备的纳米复合材料的热分析表明,它们比纯超高分子量聚乙烯具有更高的熔融温度和结晶度。
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引用次数: 1
Mathematical Modelling with the Exact Solution of Three Different Bioheat Conduction Models of a Skin Tissue Shocked by Thermoelectrical Effect. 热电效应冲击下皮肤组织三种不同生物热传导模型精确解的数学建模。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3863773
Eman A N Al-Lehaibi

This research deals with the temperature increment and responsiveness of skin tissue to a continuous flow of surface heat induced by a constant-voltage electrical current. The exact analytical solution for the dual-phase-lag (DPL) of bioheat transfer has been obtained. It is used to confine the variables to a limited domain to solve the governing equations. The transition temperature reactions have been measured and investigated. The figures provide a comparison of the Pennes, Tzou models, and Vernotte-Cattaneo models. The numerical results demonstrate the values of the voltage, resistance, electric shock time, and dual-phase-lag time parameters which have significant influences on the distributions of the dynamic and conductive temperature rise through the skin tissue.

本研究涉及皮肤组织对恒压电流引起的持续表面热流的温升和反应性。得到了生物传热双相滞后的精确解析解。它用于将变量限定在一个有限的域内,以求解控制方程。对转变温度反应进行了测量和研究。这些数字提供了Pennes模型、Tzou模型和vernotte - cataneo模型的比较。数值结果表明,电压、电阻值、触电时间和双相滞后时间等参数的取值对通过皮肤组织的动态温升和导电温升的分布有显著影响。
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引用次数: 0
Whitening Effect of Juglans regia Dry Husk Extract on Primary and Permanent Teeth. 核桃干皮提取物对乳牙和恒牙的美白作用。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1037661
Ola Hameed Turki, Zainab Juma Jafar

Walnut is a common member of the family Juglandaceae. Recently, the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the parts of walnut has received increased interest. Many reasons are responsible for teeth discolouration because teeth can absorb ingredients from tea, coffee, and food. Stains from these ingredients could stay in the porous enamel layer. Traditional whitening chemicals have some side effects, the most common of which is tooth sensitivity and mild or moderate gingival irritation. The aims of this comparative experimental study were to evaluate the whitening effect of Juglans regia dry husk extract and compare it with that of traditional prophylactic pumice. Forty human teeth were collected. Amongst these teeth, 20 were permanent, and the other 20 were primary. Each group was randomly divided into a study group (treated with dry husk extract) and a control group (treated with traditional pumice). Tooth colour was measured with Easy VitaShade Advanced 4.0, and the readings of lightness, chroma, and hue (a represents the green to red axis and b represents the blue to yellow axis) were documented for each tooth before and after polishing. A statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (version 22; Chicago, Illinois, USA). Data were analysed using Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon sum rank, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and the level of significance was set to 0.05. A normality test was conducted using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and it showed that the colour variables were not normally distributed. With regard to tooth lightness, significant differences were observed in the primary and permanent teeth and Juglans regia exerted a much better whitening effect than pumice at p < 0.05. This study supports the use of Juglans regia dry husk extract in dentistry as a natural product with a whitening effect. It has utilisation potential in dentistry due to its beneficial properties and highly active components.

核桃是核桃科的常见成员。近年来,对核桃各部位酚类物质含量和抗氧化活性的研究日益受到人们的关注。牙齿变色的原因有很多,因为牙齿会吸收茶、咖啡和食物中的成分。这些成分造成的污渍可能会留在多孔的牙釉质层中。传统的美白化学物质有一些副作用,最常见的是牙齿敏感和轻度或中度的牙龈刺激。本实验旨在评价核桃干壳提取物的美白效果,并与传统的预防性浮石进行比较。收集了40颗人类牙齿。在这些牙齿中,20颗是恒牙,另外20颗是乳牙。每组随机分为研究组(用干壳提取物处理)和对照组(用传统浮石处理)。用Easy VitaShade Advanced 4.0测量牙齿颜色,并记录每颗牙齿抛光前后的亮度、色度和色调读数(a∗代表绿色到红色轴,b∗代表蓝色到黄色轴)。使用社会科学统计软件包(版本22;芝加哥,伊利诺伊州,美国)。采用Shapiro-Wilk、Wilcoxon和秩、Wilcoxon符号秩检验对数据进行分析,显著性水平设为0.05。使用夏皮罗-威尔克检验进行正态性检验,结果表明颜色变量不是正态分布。乳牙和恒牙的牙齿亮度差异有统计学意义,其中牙釉质的美白效果明显优于浮石,差异有统计学意义(p < 0.05)。本研究支持在牙科中使用核桃干壳提取物作为具有美白效果的天然产品。由于其有益特性和高活性成分,它在牙科方面具有利用潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Characteristics of Bulletproof Vests Made from COPEFB Fiber: Implications on Mechanical, Electrical, and Physical Resistance. 由COPEFB纤维制成的防弹背心的特性:对机械、电气和物理阻力的影响。
IF 3.1 Q2 Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9475956
Siti Nikmatin, Irmansyah Irmansyah, Endah Kinarya Palupi, Rofiqul Umam

This research aims to examine the characteristics of bulletproof vests from corncob oil palm empty fruit bunch (COPEFB) biocomposite, where mechanical, electrical, and physical resistance tests have been successfully conducted. The variations in the diameter of the twisted thread used to make the basic material for bulletproof vests include 1 mm, 3 mm, 6 mm, and 10 mm, which were tested for their mechanical, electrical, and physical properties. To identify which biocomposite is good at damping bullets, an impact and a firing test were carried out to determine the kinetic energy and the depth of the bullet, respectively. The results showed that the impact value improved with an increase in the diameter of the twisted yarn used. The largest and the lowest impact values were 1.157 kJ and 0.277 kJ on the epoxy sample with a twisted thread diameter of 10 mm and 1 mm, respectively. It was also discovered that the biocomposite samples made from 6 mm to 10 mm twisted threads were the best samples, impermeable to bullets. This was due to the excess natural fiber content which improved the flexibility and absorption of kinetic energy from the high rate of projectile bullets. According to the results of the firing test, some samples are translucent, while others cannot be penetrated by bullet projectiles. The projectile went inside, and the composite was damaged. All the high filler loading samples were translucent to bullets, while some of the low loading samples were translucent and impermeable to bullets. Based on these results, biocomposite samples made of 6 mm and 10 mm twisted yarn are the best samples that are impermeable to bullets.

本研究旨在研究玉米芯油棕空果串(COPEFB)生物复合材料防弹背心的特性,该材料已成功进行了机械、电气和物理阻力测试。用于制作防弹背心基本材料的螺纹直径的变化包括1毫米、3毫米、6毫米和10毫米,测试了它们的机械、电气和物理性能。为了确定哪种生物复合材料对子弹的阻尼效果更好,研究人员分别进行了撞击和射击试验,以确定子弹的动能和深度。结果表明,冲击值随着捻纱直径的增大而增大。当螺纹直径为10 mm和1 mm时,对环氧树脂试样的最大和最小冲击值分别为1.157 kJ和0.277 kJ。研究还发现,由6毫米至10毫米螺纹制成的生物复合材料样品是最好的样品,不被子弹穿透。这是由于过量的天然纤维含量提高了弹丸的柔韧性和高速率的动能吸收。根据射击试验的结果,一些样品是半透明的,而另一些则不能被子弹射穿。弹丸进入了内部,复合材料被破坏了。高装填量的样品对子弹都是半透明的,而部分低装填量的样品是半透明的,对子弹不透水。结果表明,6mm和10mm捻纱制成的生物复合材料样品具有较好的防子弹性能。
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International Journal of Biomaterials
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