"The paper highlights the vital role the English language plays in the aviation industry. Its purpose is to explain the connection between the military specialties and branches that can be chosen by the students who pursue a career in aviation, and the ability to speak, write and understand English. The correlation between these two aspects is further sustained by the analysis of the all-time deadliest air disaster – Tenerife, whose major contributing factor was the communication error based on the English language."
{"title":"The Analysis of the Needs of Aviation Training Programs Students regarding Learning and/or Improving their English","authors":"Vasile Adrian Stoiculete","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.2.09","url":null,"abstract":"\"The paper highlights the vital role the English language plays in the aviation industry. Its purpose is to explain the connection between the military specialties and branches that can be chosen by the students who pursue a career in aviation, and the ability to speak, write and understand English. The correlation between these two aspects is further sustained by the analysis of the all-time deadliest air disaster – Tenerife, whose major contributing factor was the communication error based on the English language.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126483517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Command has always been the responsibility of commanders, regardless of the echelon, its materialisation being based on decision as well as on decision-making process. The geometry of the operating environment, the continuous transformation of the types of operations and, implicitly, of the way of approaching them have led to the identification of alternatives in terms of supporting the decision-making act. In this regard, the concept (and possibly its materialisation) of Red Team can be a viable alternative."
{"title":"How Can the Red Team Help Carry out the Air Force Planning Process?","authors":"Colonel Cătălin Chiriac","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"\"Command has always been the responsibility of commanders, regardless of the echelon, its materialisation being based on decision as well as on decision-making process. The geometry of the operating environment, the continuous transformation of the types of operations and, implicitly, of the way of approaching them have led to the identification of alternatives in terms of supporting the decision-making act. In this regard, the concept (and possibly its materialisation) of Red Team can be a viable alternative.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133058659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The current international security situation determined by the new economic, financial, political, military and social context, in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic, is perhaps one of the major challenges that the states have to face in their development and existence. Beyond the concept of consolidated national defence, the need for an alliance and for lifting the barriers between states in the face of the waves of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus contamination is a reality which is difficult to characterise. In this context, we rediscover the meaning of terms such as “uncertainty”, “probability” and “knowledge” as well as the “Black Swan” – a highly improbable event, identified by rarity, extreme impact and surprise, which, despite the unexpected, could have been demonstrated predictable. Hybrid warfare – a trend in the international affairs at the beginning of the 21st century is already one of the intriguing topics of many studies on security or of epic writings about “an immediate future”. The role of the military component in the societal network of the interconnected domains becomes a major one, which requires a reassessment of the military specialist’s skills, in an extended situational awareness, on the critical infrastructure protection societal coordinates."
{"title":"Hybrid Warfare or the “Black Swan” in the New Contemporary Societal Context","authors":"D. Roman","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"\"The current international security situation determined by the new economic, financial, political, military and social context, in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic, is perhaps one of the major challenges that the states have to face in their development and existence. Beyond the concept of consolidated national defence, the need for an alliance and for lifting the barriers between states in the face of the waves of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus contamination is a reality which is difficult to characterise. In this context, we rediscover the meaning of terms such as “uncertainty”, “probability” and “knowledge” as well as the “Black Swan” – a highly improbable event, identified by rarity, extreme impact and surprise, which, despite the unexpected, could have been demonstrated predictable. Hybrid warfare – a trend in the international affairs at the beginning of the 21st century is already one of the intriguing topics of many studies on security or of epic writings about “an immediate future”. The role of the military component in the societal network of the interconnected domains becomes a major one, which requires a reassessment of the military specialist’s skills, in an extended situational awareness, on the critical infrastructure protection societal coordinates.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131257550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Over the time, spreading the commander’s vision at the execution level has required a format as well as a language that could ensure the fluidity of information and their understanding, above all. This has taken shape in the concept that has been coined the “commander’s intent”, acknowledged as the key element in providing the necessary framework for expressing the freedom of action, playing the important role of strengthening and encouraging the initiative of subordinate commanders during mission accomplishment."
{"title":"The Commander's Intent – Myth or Reality within the Air Force? –","authors":"Catalin Chiriac","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"\"Over the time, spreading the commander’s vision at the execution level has required a format as well as a language that could ensure the fluidity of information and their understanding, above all. This has taken shape in the concept that has been coined the “commander’s intent”, acknowledged as the key element in providing the necessary framework for expressing the freedom of action, playing the important role of strengthening and encouraging the initiative of subordinate commanders during mission accomplishment.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122457052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"After becoming an independent state, which was followed by the return of Dobruja to the Romanian state, Romania became a littoral country. Therefore, the need arose to create, along with the Danube merchant fleet, a maritime one, with state and private capital, to contribute to the country’s budget, by transporting goods not only for domestic needs but also for the needs of other countries or companies. At the same time, it was considered necessary to build a military naval and river fleet to defend the Danube and the Black Sea, which proved useful during the National Reunification War (1916-1920), as well as to provide support for the collective security system existing in the 1930s (Romanian-Polish, Little Entente and Balkan Pact). The development of the state merchant navy in Romania dates back to 1895, when Grigore Manu was given the task of organising a maritime navigation service, an action that got materialised in a law adopted on 7/19 June 1888. The first voyage of a ship operated by the Romanian Maritime Service took place on 14/26 August 1895, when “Medeea” left Brăila for Istanbul, carrying 25 passengers and 600 tons of cargo. A few days later, on 26 August/8 September, “Meteor” made the first voyage with the same destination. Starting on 14/26 September it was to operate regular passenger transport services between Constanța and Istanbul (Ghica, 1939, pp. 149-150; Sambra, Historia)."
{"title":"Studies and Proposals for the Development and Use of the Romanian Merchant Fleet during Peacetime and Wartime (1938-1940)","authors":"I. Giurca","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"\"After becoming an independent state, which was followed by the return of Dobruja to the Romanian state, Romania became a littoral country. Therefore, the need arose to create, along with the Danube merchant fleet, a maritime one, with state and private capital, to contribute to the country’s budget, by transporting goods not only for domestic needs but also for the needs of other countries or companies. At the same time, it was considered necessary to build a military naval and river fleet to defend the Danube and the Black Sea, which proved useful during the National Reunification War (1916-1920), as well as to provide support for the collective security system existing in the 1930s (Romanian-Polish, Little Entente and Balkan Pact). The development of the state merchant navy in Romania dates back to 1895, when Grigore Manu was given the task of organising a maritime navigation service, an action that got materialised in a law adopted on 7/19 June 1888. The first voyage of a ship operated by the Romanian Maritime Service took place on 14/26 August 1895, when “Medeea” left Brăila for Istanbul, carrying 25 passengers and 600 tons of cargo. A few days later, on 26 August/8 September, “Meteor” made the first voyage with the same destination. Starting on 14/26 September it was to operate regular passenger transport services between Constanța and Istanbul (Ghica, 1939, pp. 149-150; Sambra, Historia).\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115032611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The operational dynamics associated with the development of European security and defence cooperation has undergone significant developments in recent years, reflected in the European Union’s numerous operational commitments. In this context, the issue of developing command and control arrangements to support an ever-expanding operational agenda has been a constant concern. We can talk about structuring a model used by the European Union in which there are a number of options that this organisation can use in structuring its own operations. In this inventory, the conduct of EU operations using NATO means and capabilities was the approach initially addressed, which continues to be used in the context of the two organisations’ commitments in the Balkans. In addition to the operational aspects, the use of this cooperation framework has allowed the deepening of the NATO-EU Strategic Partnership, with a positive impact on strengthening European and Euro-Atlantic security."
{"title":"Options for Ensuring Command and Control Arrangements for European Union Operations – The Dimension of Cooperation with NATO –","authors":"Dragos Ilinca","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"\"The operational dynamics associated with the development of European security and defence cooperation has undergone significant developments in recent years, reflected in the European Union’s numerous operational commitments. In this context, the issue of developing command and control arrangements to support an ever-expanding operational agenda has been a constant concern. We can talk about structuring a model used by the European Union in which there are a number of options that this organisation can use in structuring its own operations. In this inventory, the conduct of EU operations using NATO means and capabilities was the approach initially addressed, which continues to be used in the context of the two organisations’ commitments in the Balkans. In addition to the operational aspects, the use of this cooperation framework has allowed the deepening of the NATO-EU Strategic Partnership, with a positive impact on strengthening European and Euro-Atlantic security.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132975724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Lebanon’s difficult financial and economic situation is making headlines around the world, evoking somehow the latest Greek government-debt crisis. The context appears to have become so acute in Lebanon starting in 2020, and it continues to worsen by the day, that the World Bank has recently described the economic crisis devastating Lebanon as one of the worst of its kind in the last 150 years, according to TRT WORLD. This research argues that the pandemic has strongly affected Lebanon’s economic equilibrium, since travel and tourism services contributed more than 60% to Lebanon’s exports in 2019 (Harvard’s Atlas of Economic Complexity, n.a.) and they decreased by 68% in 2020 (Global Blue), but there are other significant factors that have led to this condition in the long term, requiring to be analysed in order to answer the question mentioned in the title. In addition to analysing the financial meltdown, the dollarized economy etiquette, and the role of the international pressure on Lebanon to give up the banking secrecy, special attention will be given to this Levantine tiny state’s so-called Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and to the relationship between the analysed dimensions and the existing NGOs in Lebanon, in order to be able to answer the research question."
{"title":"The Level of “Multidimensional Poverty” Index of Lebanon in 2021: An Attribute of a Collapsed or a “NGOS State”?","authors":"Ecaterina-Elena C. Matoi, Theodora-Maria Tănase","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"\"Lebanon’s difficult financial and economic situation is making headlines around the world, evoking somehow the latest Greek government-debt crisis. The context appears to have become so acute in Lebanon starting in 2020, and it continues to worsen by the day, that the World Bank has recently described the economic crisis devastating Lebanon as one of the worst of its kind in the last 150 years, according to TRT WORLD. This research argues that the pandemic has strongly affected Lebanon’s economic equilibrium, since travel and tourism services contributed more than 60% to Lebanon’s exports in 2019 (Harvard’s Atlas of Economic Complexity, n.a.) and they decreased by 68% in 2020 (Global Blue), but there are other significant factors that have led to this condition in the long term, requiring to be analysed in order to answer the question mentioned in the title. In addition to analysing the financial meltdown, the dollarized economy etiquette, and the role of the international pressure on Lebanon to give up the banking secrecy, special attention will be given to this Levantine tiny state’s so-called Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) and to the relationship between the analysed dimensions and the existing NGOs in Lebanon, in order to be able to answer the research question.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123567816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The military education system is based on the experience drawn from many decades of trials, adaptation and reforms, derived from the specific context of their times, each with their specific advantages and disadvantages. Over time, attempts have been made to align Romanian military education with modern trends, but this process was faced with difficulties in combining the modern concept with those derived from tradition, the concepts from abroad with elements specific to Romania. These difficulties have sometimes been accompanied by the dispersal of energy and resources into short-term actions that lacked focus towards a clearly established medium and long-term goal. Can it be said that the current regulations and legislative norms, as well as the models taken over time from the tradition of Romanian military education and other states, are sufficient to clearly outline the direction that should be followed by the Romanian military education system? The aim of this article is to propose an analysis of these issues and outline some conclusions related to identifying the future directions of the Romanian military education."
{"title":"Educația militară – între tradiție, modernism și găsirea unei direcții","authors":"Maria Constantinescu","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"\"The military education system is based on the experience drawn from many decades of trials, adaptation and reforms, derived from the specific context of their times, each with their specific advantages and disadvantages. Over time, attempts have been made to align Romanian military education with modern trends, but this process was faced with difficulties in combining the modern concept with those derived from tradition, the concepts from abroad with elements specific to Romania. These difficulties have sometimes been accompanied by the dispersal of energy and resources into short-term actions that lacked focus towards a clearly established medium and long-term goal. Can it be said that the current regulations and legislative norms, as well as the models taken over time from the tradition of Romanian military education and other states, are sufficient to clearly outline the direction that should be followed by the Romanian military education system? The aim of this article is to propose an analysis of these issues and outline some conclusions related to identifying the future directions of the Romanian military education.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116685267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Organisational culture embodies not only a system of beliefs, values, and attitudes of the people forming the organisation, it is also a formative or shaping factor of its leadership as leadership, in its turn, shapes culture. Leaders are responsible for creating systems on which culture develops and norms are reinforced in the workplace. Culture, in response, influences the organisational environment and the strategies built to fulfil the organisational vision and mission, the policies and processes that allow this process. An organisational culture that promotes excellence, fairness, team spirit, characteristics underlain by open, two-way communication, induces the people formed in such an environment to embrace and promote its characteristics. Inevitably, the military organisation is subject to these functional principles, its members being shaped by the organisation specifics, and military education, as part of this organisation, can make a major contribution to the development of culture and the formation of leaders. We will try to demonstrate these ideas based on the analysis of the specialised studies mentioned in the article, but also on personal empirical observations."
{"title":"Organisational Culture – Modeling Factor of Military Leadership","authors":"B. Popa","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"\"Organisational culture embodies not only a system of beliefs, values, and attitudes of the people forming the organisation, it is also a formative or shaping factor of its leadership as leadership, in its turn, shapes culture. Leaders are responsible for creating systems on which culture develops and norms are reinforced in the workplace. Culture, in response, influences the organisational environment and the strategies built to fulfil the organisational vision and mission, the policies and processes that allow this process. An organisational culture that promotes excellence, fairness, team spirit, characteristics underlain by open, two-way communication, induces the people formed in such an environment to embrace and promote its characteristics. Inevitably, the military organisation is subject to these functional principles, its members being shaped by the organisation specifics, and military education, as part of this organisation, can make a major contribution to the development of culture and the formation of leaders. We will try to demonstrate these ideas based on the analysis of the specialised studies mentioned in the article, but also on personal empirical observations.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122088081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Located within the Ponto-Baltic Isthmus, the North Atlantic Alliance’s (NATO) Eastern border faces a number of threats, which exceed in diversity and breadth the existing challenges at other border territories of the Alliance. In addition to the historical, permanent threats generated by the geographical and geopolitical position of the Eastern flank states, there are also new threats, that occurred in a pandemic context, especially in the context of the current technological era. This article aims to identify and analyse the main risks and threats facing NATO’s Eastern flank states and to argue the need for complex, multi-purpose support for the materialisation, consolidation and securitisation of the East-European North-South Corridor."
{"title":"The Main Risks and Threats to NATO’s Eastern Flank","authors":"A. Popescu","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"\"Located within the Ponto-Baltic Isthmus, the North Atlantic Alliance’s (NATO) Eastern border faces a number of threats, which exceed in diversity and breadth the existing challenges at other border territories of the Alliance. In addition to the historical, permanent threats generated by the geographical and geopolitical position of the Eastern flank states, there are also new threats, that occurred in a pandemic context, especially in the context of the current technological era. This article aims to identify and analyse the main risks and threats facing NATO’s Eastern flank states and to argue the need for complex, multi-purpose support for the materialisation, consolidation and securitisation of the East-European North-South Corridor.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129365344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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