"Against the background of the growing concern of the Euro-Atlantic community about Turkey’s approach to Russia, this paper presents the probable posture of Turkey in a potential politico-military crisis caused by Russia in the Black Sea region. Thus, considering a projective scenario in which Russia is again engaged in a military conflict by invading Ukraine, it is estimated the most possible positioning of Turkey. This results from an operational analysis, based on a MACTOR model (Matrix of alliances and conflicts: tactics, objectives and recommendations) of Professor Michel Godet, focused on the influence between actors and their interests, adapted by the author of the material to this scenario. Thus, the application of MACTOR model, configured based on the premise that Turkey has certain strategic objectives in the context created by the scenario of Ukraine’s aggression by the Russian Federation, estimates that the Ankara administration will line up to NATO posture in this crisis because this way it maximises its chances to fulfil the objectives."
{"title":"Turkey’s Positioning in a Possible Political-Military Crisis Triggered by the Russian Federation in the Black Sea Region","authors":"Mirela Atanasiu","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"\"Against the background of the growing concern of the Euro-Atlantic community about Turkey’s approach to Russia, this paper presents the probable posture of Turkey in a potential politico-military crisis caused by Russia in the Black Sea region. Thus, considering a projective scenario in which Russia is again engaged in a military conflict by invading Ukraine, it is estimated the most possible positioning of Turkey. This results from an operational analysis, based on a MACTOR model (Matrix of alliances and conflicts: tactics, objectives and recommendations) of Professor Michel Godet, focused on the influence between actors and their interests, adapted by the author of the material to this scenario. Thus, the application of MACTOR model, configured based on the premise that Turkey has certain strategic objectives in the context created by the scenario of Ukraine’s aggression by the Russian Federation, estimates that the Ankara administration will line up to NATO posture in this crisis because this way it maximises its chances to fulfil the objectives.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125541647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The history of mobile telecommunications is not very old. It has been a bit more than 40 years since the first generation of cellular communications (1G) was launched on the market, offering the possibility of making and receiving phone calls while on the go, even accompanied by a number of technological limitations, including network and system security. Each new generation of technologies that followed this stage brought significant diversification and improvements in services. Today, there is more and more talk of the fifth generation of mobile communications technologies (5G). The security aspects of 5G networks are a hot topic worldwide, both among major state and nonstate actors. This article highlights the main characteristics of 5G technologies and why security of 5G networks is essential and complex."
{"title":"Security of 5G Networks – A Complex Issue –","authors":"Valentin Georgescu","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"\"The history of mobile telecommunications is not very old. It has been a bit more than 40 years since the first generation of cellular communications (1G) was launched on the market, offering the possibility of making and receiving phone calls while on the go, even accompanied by a number of technological limitations, including network and system security. Each new generation of technologies that followed this stage brought significant diversification and improvements in services. Today, there is more and more talk of the fifth generation of mobile communications technologies (5G). The security aspects of 5G networks are a hot topic worldwide, both among major state and nonstate actors. This article highlights the main characteristics of 5G technologies and why security of 5G networks is essential and complex.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115754036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The development of the attributions of the public authorities that play a significant role in the functioning of the national defence system is achieved through human resources. The legal regulation of human resources used by the national defence system offers a wide diversity that includes both militarized categories of personnel and those with civil status. This approach distinguishes the category of civil servants, with or without special status, who work within the central and territorial authorities of the national defence system. Starting from the provisions of the fundamental law, the Constitution of Romania, the analysed regulations take into account provisions of The Administrative Code, The Statute of Military Personnel, The Law on the Preparation of the Population for Defence, The Law on the Remuneration of Staff Paid from Public Funds, which, together, give particularities to the integrated implementation, through human resources, of the functions of the national defence system."
{"title":"Legal Aspects of the Exercise of Public Service","authors":"A. Stoian","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"\"The development of the attributions of the public authorities that play a significant role in the functioning of the national defence system is achieved through human resources. The legal regulation of human resources used by the national defence system offers a wide diversity that includes both militarized categories of personnel and those with civil status. This approach distinguishes the category of civil servants, with or without special status, who work within the central and territorial authorities of the national defence system. Starting from the provisions of the fundamental law, the Constitution of Romania, the analysed regulations take into account provisions of The Administrative Code, The Statute of Military Personnel, The Law on the Preparation of the Population for Defence, The Law on the Remuneration of Staff Paid from Public Funds, which, together, give particularities to the integrated implementation, through human resources, of the functions of the national defence system.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126794899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"The current security threats identified in the vicinity of the European Union Member States generate new approaches in the field of collective defence, in close connection to the reanalysis of practical ways to implement mutual support and increase the military mobility of the allied countries, taking into account the multiple legislative and procedural implications, the need for well-founded analyses of the transit areas and the efficient use of the available transport infrastructure. Referring to the national approach, analysed from the perspective of the mobility-force protection binomial, the military mobility highlights the need to identify relevant solutions for approaching various obstacles, manoeuvring in the tactical field, ensuring the viability of roads and identifying routes to bypass inaccessible areas. Also, knowing the existing limitations in transport infrastructure and identifying the solutions to eliminate them are priorities for all the European states. In order to substantiate the decisions to increase military mobility, viewed from both a national and a multinational perspective, the military planners can use the mathematical models for the decision-making process under certainty conditions, which leads to viable well-founded solutions that can underlie the success of the military operations involving different structures of military forces."
{"title":"Military Mobility – A Present-Day Requirement –","authors":"Daniel Gheondea, Toma Pleșanu","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"\"The current security threats identified in the vicinity of the European Union Member States generate new approaches in the field of collective defence, in close connection to the reanalysis of practical ways to implement mutual support and increase the military mobility of the allied countries, taking into account the multiple legislative and procedural implications, the need for well-founded analyses of the transit areas and the efficient use of the available transport infrastructure. Referring to the national approach, analysed from the perspective of the mobility-force protection binomial, the military mobility highlights the need to identify relevant solutions for approaching various obstacles, manoeuvring in the tactical field, ensuring the viability of roads and identifying routes to bypass inaccessible areas. Also, knowing the existing limitations in transport infrastructure and identifying the solutions to eliminate them are priorities for all the European states. In order to substantiate the decisions to increase military mobility, viewed from both a national and a multinational perspective, the military planners can use the mathematical models for the decision-making process under certainty conditions, which leads to viable well-founded solutions that can underlie the success of the military operations involving different structures of military forces.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128523255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Command-and-control is not only a combat function, but also a system that encompasses personnel, processes, communication and information system/ CIS, as well as command posts/CPs, used to lead the tactical activities of the Land Task Force/LTF, in particular, and of any force structure, in general. Command-and-control, more than any of the combat functions, will decisively influence the outcome of military action. In order to develop the present article, we have used a series of analysis and scientific research methods specific to sociology, but with applicability in the field of military science. For the analysis of command-and-control as a combat function, we have used the data collection method as well as the historical method to show what the roots of the mission command in military art history are. Subsequently, using the analysis method, we have managed to present the most important aspects regarding the organisation of the command-andcontrol system of the LTFs as well as a “code of good practices” regarding the organisation of the Battle Rhythm/BR and the decision-making during the execution of military activities. An efficient command-and-control of the LTFs during military activities is the result of the compliance with the principles of command and control and the harmonisation of the staff processes carried out within the CPs deployed during military actions, in order to optimise the understanding – analysis – planning/ synchronisation – decision – dissemination decision-making cycle."
{"title":"Land Task Force’s Command and Control","authors":"M. Stancu","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"\"Command-and-control is not only a combat function, but also a system that encompasses personnel, processes, communication and information system/ CIS, as well as command posts/CPs, used to lead the tactical activities of the Land Task Force/LTF, in particular, and of any force structure, in general. Command-and-control, more than any of the combat functions, will decisively influence the outcome of military action. In order to develop the present article, we have used a series of analysis and scientific research methods specific to sociology, but with applicability in the field of military science. For the analysis of command-and-control as a combat function, we have used the data collection method as well as the historical method to show what the roots of the mission command in military art history are. Subsequently, using the analysis method, we have managed to present the most important aspects regarding the organisation of the command-andcontrol system of the LTFs as well as a “code of good practices” regarding the organisation of the Battle Rhythm/BR and the decision-making during the execution of military activities. An efficient command-and-control of the LTFs during military activities is the result of the compliance with the principles of command and control and the harmonisation of the staff processes carried out within the CPs deployed during military actions, in order to optimise the understanding – analysis – planning/ synchronisation – decision – dissemination decision-making cycle.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115647302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
"Through this paper, we have tried to highlight the role of strategic analysis in the scientific approach of the issues related to the necessary correspondence between the objectives set and the resources needed to achieve these objectives, to help improve the defence planning system, in the spirit of increasing the process efficiency. Given the particular complexity of the field, we focused on the importance of the relationship between military and non-military vision in the strategic analysis of defence."
{"title":"Considerations on the Role of Strategic Analysis for Defence Planning in the Context of the Current Risks and Threats","authors":"M. Neag, Lucian Ispas","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2022.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"\"Through this paper, we have tried to highlight the role of strategic analysis in the scientific approach of the issues related to the necessary correspondence between the objectives set and the resources needed to achieve these objectives, to help improve the defence planning system, in the spirit of increasing the process efficiency. Given the particular complexity of the field, we focused on the importance of the relationship between military and non-military vision in the strategic analysis of defence.\"","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115238679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current course of the 21st century has challenged humanity as a whole in terms of the operationalisation of large-scale changes, both quantitative and qualitative, one of the directions for changing social functionality being subsumed under global technological governance. Trends specific to emerging and disruptive technologies, technological superiority, digital diplomacy and sovereignty, innovation ecosystems etc. have a major impact on a macro-indicator of analysis of contemporary global performance, namely resilience. The pace of implementing the solutions characteristic to these advanced technologies is a dynamic one, practically influencing all areas of activity. At the military level, there are concerns of interest at the level of NATO member states regarding space systems, robotics and advanced conventional weapons systems (laser, hypersonic weapons), innovative resources, digitisation, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc. In this context, the present article brings to attention some presumptive aspects regarding the modification of managerial resilience, in terms of military roles and responsibilities, starting from classical managerial theories. Directions for exploring the subject proposed by the title which are of interest to military decision-makers are also presented.
{"title":"The Impact of Technological Development on Managerial Resilience in the Military Organisation","authors":"D. Badea, D. Ranf","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2021.4.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2021.4.15","url":null,"abstract":"The current course of the 21st century has challenged humanity as a whole in terms of the operationalisation of large-scale changes, both quantitative and qualitative, one of the directions for changing social functionality being subsumed under global technological governance. Trends specific to emerging and disruptive technologies, technological superiority, digital diplomacy and sovereignty, innovation ecosystems etc. have a major impact on a macro-indicator of analysis of contemporary global performance, namely resilience. The pace of implementing the solutions characteristic to these advanced technologies is a dynamic one, practically influencing all areas of activity. At the military level, there are concerns of interest at the level of NATO member states regarding space systems, robotics and advanced conventional weapons systems (laser, hypersonic weapons), innovative resources, digitisation, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc. In this context, the present article brings to attention some presumptive aspects regarding the modification of managerial resilience, in terms of military roles and responsibilities, starting from classical managerial theories. Directions for exploring the subject proposed by the title which are of interest to military decision-makers are also presented.","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132354168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efforts on creating, at EU level, a functional mechanism to support the operational commitments got materialised by the establishment, in February 2004, of a new instrument. Much better known as ATHENA Mechanism, it was dedicated to the overall administration of common costs associated with military crisis management operations. This article puts forward a comprehensive picture of the main evolutions meant to lead to the development of this instrument, while analysing the implications for the operational domain, generated by augmenting the procedures for financial management of certain costs under the auspices of Common Security and Defence Policy.
{"title":"FINANCIAL ASPECTS RELATED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY – ATHENA MECHANISM –","authors":"Dragos Ilinca","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2021.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2021.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"The efforts on creating, at EU level, a functional mechanism to support the operational commitments got materialised by the establishment, in February 2004, of a new instrument. Much better known as ATHENA Mechanism, it was dedicated to the overall administration of common costs associated with military crisis management operations. This article puts forward a comprehensive picture of the main evolutions meant to lead to the development of this instrument, while analysing the implications for the operational domain, generated by augmenting the procedures for financial management of certain costs under the auspices of Common Security and Defence Policy.","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today’s modern battlefield requirements impose more than a simply convenient force concentration in order to accomplish the mission and obtain a military success. Definitely, the factor of morale remains a force multiplier and an essential element of combat power. In this regard, we highlight that by equipping military forces with modern and performing weapon systems we can obtain a significant combat power increase. The superiority with respect to this military action’s dimension ensures the premises not only for a physical destruction of the opponent, but also for shattering its cohesion and will to fight. Tactical forces’ proper equipment in terms of quantity and quality generates results not only for the combat power’s physical component, but also for its morale component. Therefore, my opinion is that the maintenance of morale is strictly related to the quality and reliability of providing forces with new weapon systems and other military equipment.
{"title":"Implications of the Forces Equipment with New Weapon Systems on the Combat Power Morale Component","authors":"Claudiu Valer Nistorescu","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2021.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2021.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s modern battlefield requirements impose more than a simply convenient force concentration in order to accomplish the mission and obtain a military success. Definitely, the factor of morale remains a force multiplier and an essential element of combat power. In this regard, we highlight that by equipping military forces with modern and performing weapon systems we can obtain a significant combat power increase. The superiority with respect to this military action’s dimension ensures the premises not only for a physical destruction of the opponent, but also for shattering its cohesion and will to fight. Tactical forces’ proper equipment in terms of quantity and quality generates results not only for the combat power’s physical component, but also for its morale component. Therefore, my opinion is that the maintenance of morale is strictly related to the quality and reliability of providing forces with new weapon systems and other military equipment.","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114795392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the case of information warfare, it no longer exists a demarcation line between the state of pace or the state of war, this type of war being used by the state and non-state actors because of its effectiveness and the difficulty of being traced and repelled. In addition, it is known that the Russian Federation used information activities against Western and Eastern European countries. To see the specificity of information operations, we must define the concepts and components that underlie information warfare and the perspective Russian military thinkers have on information activities. Even if the paper does not describe in detail all the components of the information warfare, it is important for us to clarify the role of information operations and its components as part of information warfare, as well as the terms that are often used in the public and academic area, such as disinformation, manipulation, propaganda, fake news etc. To better understand the Russian information activity, the paper provides some specific examples from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
{"title":"CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES ON INFORMATION WARFARE AND SOME OF ITS COMPONENTS","authors":"Teodor Badiu","doi":"10.55535/rmt.2021.3.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2021.3.05","url":null,"abstract":"In the case of information warfare, it no longer exists a demarcation line between the state of pace or the state of war, this type of war being used by the state and non-state actors because of its effectiveness and the difficulty of being traced and repelled. In addition, it is known that the Russian Federation used information activities against Western and Eastern European countries. To see the specificity of information operations, we must define the concepts and components that underlie information warfare and the perspective Russian military thinkers have on information activities. Even if the paper does not describe in detail all the components of the information warfare, it is important for us to clarify the role of information operations and its components as part of information warfare, as well as the terms that are often used in the public and academic area, such as disinformation, manipulation, propaganda, fake news etc. To better understand the Russian information activity, the paper provides some specific examples from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.","PeriodicalId":137367,"journal":{"name":"Romanian Military Thinking","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131069386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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