International Journal of Agriculture and Biology最新文献_第9页

In Planta Interaction and Transreplication of Distinct Begomoviruses and their Associated Components 不同秋海棠病毒及其相关成分的植物内相互作用和转复制

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1807

M. Sattar

The studies described here were intended to examine the transreplication and interactions abilities of a widespread ToLCNDV, and an emerging begomovirus PeLCV associated with its cognate betasatellite TbLCuB. PeLCV, a monopartite begomovirus, has been characterized from many important crops, vegetables and weeds along with its associated TbLCuB. The DNA-B of bipartite ToLCNDV genome has been successfully transreplicated by the DNA-A of different bipartite begomoviruses, albeit with low frequency. Whether PeLCV can transreplicate DNA-B of ToLCNDV is unknown. To unravel this notion, both these viruses were inoculated to the model Nicotiana benthamiana plants in all possible combinations and the in planta existence of viral components were verified by PCR and Southern blot hybridization. The results demonstrated that PeLCV transreplicated and maintained ToLCNDV DNA-B. Whereas, ToLCNDV DNA-A could not transreplicate TbLCuB. Analyses of Rep proteins structure of ToLCNDV and PeLCV revealed a structural resemblance, whereas putative iteron-binding sequences of PeLCV were compatible with the Rep-binding iterons of ToLCNDV-B. The results suggested that PeLCV and ToLCNDV DNA-B can interact synergistically and can be disastrous under field conditions. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

本文描述的研究旨在研究广泛传播的ToLCNDV和新兴的begomvirus PeLCV及其同源的betasatellcub的转录复制和相互作用能力。PeLCV是一种单一性begomavirus，已在许多重要作物、蔬菜和杂草及其相关的TbLCuB中发现。尽管频率较低，但两部分ToLCNDV基因组的DNA-B已被不同的两部分begomovirus的DNA-A成功地复制。PeLCV是否能反复制ToLCNDV的DNA-B尚不清楚。为了揭示这一概念，我们将这两种病毒以所有可能的组合接种到模型烟叶上，并通过PCR和Southern blot杂交验证了病毒成分在植物体内的存在。结果表明，PeLCV能够复制和维持ToLCNDV DNA-B。而ToLCNDV DNA-A不能复制TbLCuB。对ToLCNDV和PeLCV的Rep蛋白结构进行分析，发现两者结构相似，而PeLCV的假定的内含子结合序列与ToLCNDV- b的内含子结合序列是相容的。结果表明，PeLCV和ToLCNDV DNA-B可以协同作用，在田间条件下可能是灾难性的。©2021朋友科学出版社

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引用次数: 0

1H NMR-Based Metabolomics to Identify Resistance-Related Metabolites in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus against Fusarium Root Rot 基于1H nmr的代谢组学鉴定蒙古黄芪对镰刀菌根腐病的抗性相关代谢物

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1810

Fen Gao

Root rot is a destructive disease of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus (AMM) and occurs frequently in recent years in the main cultivation regions in China. However, the progress of AMM resistance breeding is extremely slow due to the lack of resistance source and inefficiency of the conventional disease resistance evaluation method. This study aimed to provide information on the interaction between AMM and Fusarium solani, one of the predominant pathogens causing root rot and identify the resistance-related (RR) metabolites by using the nontargeted 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics approach. Of the 24 metabolites examined, the concentration changes in sucrose, fructose, taurine and phenylalanine were negatively correlated with the root rot severity. The abundance of malic acid in F. solani-inoculated samples considerably decreased at 21 days post inoculation (dpi). The five metabolites were identified as RR metabolites, and only malic acid inhibited the fungal growth. These metabolites might serve as candidate biomarkers for discriminating the resistance levels of different AMM genotypes and establishing the high-throughput screening method of AMM breeding lines against root rot caused by F. solani. Results could assist in accelerating the resistance breeding program. The possible mechanisms of RR metabolites in plant defense against the pathogen were discussed. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

根腐病是黄芪的一种破坏性病害，近年来在我国主要栽培地区多发。然而，由于缺乏抗性来源，传统的抗病性评价方法效率低下，AMM抗性育种进展极为缓慢。本研究旨在通过非靶向1H核磁共振（NMR）代谢组学方法，提供AMM与引起根腐病的主要病原体之一茄镰孢菌之间相互作用的信息，并鉴定抗性相关（RR）代谢产物。在检测的24种代谢产物中，蔗糖、果糖、牛磺酸和苯丙氨酸的浓度变化与根腐病的严重程度呈负相关。在接种后21天（dpi），接种F.solani的样品中苹果酸的丰度显著降低。这5种代谢产物被鉴定为RR代谢产物，只有苹果酸能抑制真菌生长。这些代谢产物可能作为鉴别不同AMM基因型抗性水平的候选生物标志物，并建立AMM育种系对龙葵根腐病的高通量筛选方法。研究结果有助于加快抗性育种计划。探讨了RR代谢产物在植物防御病原中的可能机制。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 1

Ameliorating Effects of Different Extracts of Culinary Mushroom Species on the Production Performance of Healthy and Eimeria Infected Commercial Broiler Birds 烹饪蘑菇不同提取物对健康和感染艾美耳球虫的商品肉鸡生产性能的改善作用

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1806

M. I. Ullah

In this research, three edible mushroom species including Pleurotus (P.) ostreatus, P. sajor-caju and Lentinus (L.) edodes were processed for hot water, methanolic and polysaccharide extracts. These extracts were administered to commercial broiler birds. Production performance was determined as weight gains and feed conversion ratios (FCR) in healthy birds on weekly basis. Further, groups were subjected to oral Eimeria infection and weight gains were monitored from days 4 to 12 post inoculation. Study revealed significantly higher (P < 0.05) weight gains in experimental groups given different mushroom extracts during 4th, 5th and 6th weeks of experiment in comparison to control. Feed conversion ratios observed in the control groups were significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to experimental groups especially methanolic extracts of all three mushroom species during 5th and 6th weeks of the experiment. After Eimeria inoculation, weight gains of the experimental groups given different mushroom extracts were significantly higher (P < 0.05) on 10th, 11th and 12th day. Results concluded that aqueous, methanolic and polysaccharide extracts of P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju and L. edodes had potential to improve the production in healthy birds and may also enhance the weights in commercial broiler birds suffering from Eimeria infection. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

本研究以平菇、香菇和香菇三种食用菌为原料，对其进行热水提取、甲醇提取和多糖提取。这些提取物用于商业肉鸡。生产性能被确定为每周健康鸟类的体重增加和饲料转化率（FCR）。此外，对各组进行口服艾美耳球虫感染，并在接种后第4-12天监测体重增加。研究显示，与对照组相比，在实验的第4、第5和第6周，给予不同蘑菇提取物的实验组的体重增加显著更高（P<0.05）。在实验的第5周和第6周，对照组观察到的饲料转化率显著高于实验组（P<0.05），尤其是所有三种蘑菇的甲醇提取物。接种艾美耳球虫后，给予不同蘑菇提取物的实验组在第10、11和12天的增重显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结果表明，平菇、沙乔和香菇的水提取物、甲醇提取物和多糖提取物有可能提高健康肉鸡的产量，也可能提高感染艾美耳球虫的商品肉鸡的体重。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 0

Direct Shoot Organogenesis and Clonal Fidelity Confirmation of Tongkat Ali (Eurycoma longifolia) using Molecular Markers 利用分子标记直接鉴定长叶桐芽器官发生及克隆保真度

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1802

Annor Gebril Annour Alttaher

Eurycoma longifolia is a medicinally potent plant found in the tropical forest of South-East Asia. Every part of the plant, especially the root is traditionally used as an aphrodisiac, anticancer and anti-inflammatory. E. longifolia is conventionally propagated by seeds but with low germination rate and efficiency. This has made an in vitro propagation of E. longifolia a desirable alternative. Hence, this study reports an effective method of direct organogenesis of shoot. In vitro seedling’s leaves were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg L-1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), producing 1.8 ± 0.5 shoots per leaf with a regeneration frequency of 68.2%. The shoot buds were directly formed from leaves without intermediate callus formation. To obtain complete plantlets, the shoots were in vitro rooted with an average number of 4.2 ± 0.4 roots per shoot in half-strength MS (½MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized to field conditions with an 85% survival rate. Genetic fidelity of the micropropagated plantlets was evaluated using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) analysis. The results showed that the monomorphic banding patterns of in vitro raised plantlets and their mother plant were similar, confirming its homogeneity and the reliability of the multiplication system. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

长叶Eurycoma longifolia是一种在东南亚热带森林中发现的药用植物。植物的每一部分，尤其是根部，传统上都被用作春药、抗癌和抗炎药。长叶E.longifolia通常通过种子繁殖，但发芽率和效率较低。这使得长叶E.longifolia的体外繁殖成为一种理想的选择。因此，本研究报道了一种有效的芽器官直接发生的方法。在含有1.0mg L-1 6-苄基氨基嘌呤（BAP）的Murashige和Skoog（MS）培养基上培养幼苗叶片，每片叶片产生1.8±0.5芽，再生频率为68.2%。为了获得完整的植株，在添加了0.5 mg L-1吲哚-3-丁酸（IBA）的半强度MS（½MS）培养基中，以平均每个芽4.2±0.4根的数量对芽进行离体生根。再生植株成功适应田间条件，成活率达85%。利用简单序列重复序列（SSR）和ISSR分析对微繁殖植株的遗传保真度进行了评价。结果表明，试管苗与母株的单形态条带模式相似，证实了其同质性和增殖系统的可靠性。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 0

Root Traits Responses to Irrigation Intervals in Rice (Oryza sativa) 水稻根系性状对灌溉间隔的响应

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1804

M. Gaballah

Drought is one of major abiotic stresses that effect rice production. Roots play vital role in absorption of water and nutrients from soil contributing for drought tolerance. The present study quantified the effects of different irrigation intervals on root development and agronomical traits of three Egyptian rice cultivars, Giza177, Giza178, Sakha107, IET1444 as a popular drought tolerant and Moroberekan as control genotype. Irrigation treatments were imposed 15 days after transplanting and applied for every 4, 8 and 12 days during 2018 and 2019 rice growing seasons. The results showed the reduction in root architecture traits with prolonged irrigation intervals. A significant decrease in plant height, number of panicles plant-1, grain yield (t ha-1) and relative water content, while sterility (%) and water use efficiency significantly increased over irrigation intervals. The highly significant and positive correlation was found among grain yield and root:shoot ratio, relative water content and number of panicles plant-1, while the negative correlation was with root xylem vessel number and sterility. It was concluded that, the drought reduced the grain yield and its components due to poor developed root system. Moroberekan and IET1444 genotypes can be used as a donor parent for rice breeding program. Further studies are also required to identify factors that contribute to the high yield potential of both Giza178 and Sakha107 under different water stress condition. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

干旱是影响水稻生产的主要非生物胁迫之一。根系在吸收土壤水分和养分方面发挥着至关重要的作用，有助于抗旱。本研究量化了不同灌溉间隔对埃及三个水稻品种根系发育和农艺性状的影响，Giza177、Giza178、Sakha107、IET1444是一个受欢迎的耐旱基因型，Moroberakan是对照基因型。灌溉处理在移植后15天进行，在2018年和2019年水稻生长季节每4天、8天和12天进行一次。结果表明，随着灌溉间隔的延长，根系结构特征降低。随着灌溉间隔的延长，株高、穗数、籽粒产量（t ha-1）和相对含水量显著降低，而不育性（%）和水分利用效率显著提高。籽粒产量与根冠比、相对含水量和穗株数呈正相关，与根木质部导管数和不育性呈负相关。结果表明，干旱导致根系发育不良，降低了粮食产量及其组成部分。Moroberekan和IET1444基因型可作为水稻育种计划的供体亲本。还需要进一步的研究来确定在不同的水分胁迫条件下，Giza178和Sakha107高产潜力的因素。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 6

Patterns of Antimicrobial and Multi Drug Resistance in E. coli and Salmonella Isolates of Commercial and Non-Commercial Poultry 商品和非商品家禽中大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抗菌和多重耐药模式

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1808

A. A. Kamboh

The extensive and abuse of antibiotics have contributed to the universal spread of antibiotic resistance (AR). Commercial poultry birds harbor more antibiotic-resistant microorganisms than the backyard chicken, but the status is not published in quails. This study was designed to investigate the status of AR microbiota in C0: backyard chickens, C1: commercial broiler, Q0: backyard/wild quails and Q1: commercial quails (n=20). Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella isolates from carcass and ceca of these chickens and quails were investigated for incidence and extent of AR using disk diffusion method. The results of overall microbiota of the experimental birds revealed that C1 showed a greater (P < 0.01) AR as compared with C0 for ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole, with about 57.39, 57.24, 38.78, 62.92, 36.51, 67.61, 55.83 and 55.68% greater incidence of AR, respectively. Similarly, Q1 also exhibited a greater (P < 0.01) AR than Q0 for these antibiotics, with about 65.59, 58.44, 54.38, 54.38, 55.68, 51.62, 54.87, and 64.93%, respectively. Moreover, the results of individual microbial numbers of both the pathogenic bacterial isolates from C1 and Q1 exhibited a higher (P < 0.01) AR for all tested antimicrobials than those isolated from C0 and Q0. Additionally, the E. coli and Salmonella isolates of C1 and Q1 were more (P < 0.05) multi drug resistant (MDR) as compared with C0 and Q0. Furthermore, the extent of AR was greater in E. coli and Salmonella isolates of C1 and Q1 in contrast to those of C0 and Q0. Finally, C1 and Q1 harbored a greater number of MDR bacterial species than those in C0 and Q0 thus may act as risk factors for antimicrobial dissemination. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

抗生素的广泛和滥用导致了抗生素耐药性的普遍蔓延。商业家禽比后院的鸡含有更多的耐抗生素微生物，但鹌鹑的情况尚未公布。本研究旨在调查C0:后院鸡、C1:商品肉鸡、Q0:后院/野生鹌鹑和Q1:商品鹌鹑(n=20)的AR菌群状况。采用圆盘扩散法调查鸡和鹌鹑胴体和盲肠分离的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的发病率和程度。实验鸟类总体菌群结果显示，C1组对氨苄西林、氯霉素、环丙沙星、庆大霉素、新霉素、诺氟沙星、土霉素和磺胺甲恶唑的AR发生率高于C0组(P < 0.01)，分别高出57.39、57.24、38.78、62.92、36.51、67.61、55.83和55.68%。同样，Q1的AR值也高于Q0 (P < 0.01)，分别为65.59、58.44、54.38、54.38、55.68、51.62、54.87和64.93%。此外，从C1和Q1分离的病原菌对所有抗菌药物的个体微生物数量均高于从C0和Q0分离的病原菌(P < 0.01)。此外，与C0和Q0相比，C1和Q1的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的多重耐药(MDR)程度更高(P < 0.05)。此外，大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌分离株C1和Q1的AR程度高于C0和Q0。最后，C1和Q1比C0和Q0有更多的耐多药细菌种类，因此可能是抗菌药物传播的危险因素。©2021朋友科学出版社

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引用次数: 0

First Report on Molecular Diagnosis and Phylogenetic Analysis of Hepatozoon canis in Naturally Infected Domesticated and Stray Dogs from Jhang, Pakistan 巴基斯坦Jhang自然感染驯养狗和流浪狗犬肝人畜共患病分子诊断和系统发育分析的首次报告

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1803

M. Abbas

Canine diseases, particularly caused by tick-borne hepatozoons are responsible for high morbidity and mortality and are the reason for attracting significant focus. The current study was aimed to survey the occurrence of H. canis in domesticated and stray dogs of Jhang city (Punjab) with its molecular identification. For this, blood samples from 300 dogs (n=200 domesticated; n=100 stray) were collected and assayed through PCR for the detection of H. canis supported by sequencing analysis. The results demonstrated, 15.66% (47/300) of samples positive for H. canis. A significantly (P<0.05) higher occurrence of H. canis was observed in stray dogs (27%) than domesticated dogs (10%). Evaluation of the various risk factors showed that the age, sex, breed, dog category (domestic or stray), body coat, environmental settings (rural or urban) and ectoparasitic infestation were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the occurrence of infection. The phylogenetic analysis of the PCR confirmed specimens revealed a very close homology of the detected strains with the ones diagnosed earlier in China and Malta. It was concluded that present moderate prevalence of H. canis among the dog populations in the area of Jhang may rise with stray dogs being most vulnerable hosts and potential source of vectors spread. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

犬类疾病，特别是由蜱传肝动物引起的疾病，是高发病率和高死亡率的原因，也是引起人们关注的原因。本研究旨在通过分子鉴定调查Jhang市（旁遮普邦）驯养狗和流浪狗中犬H.canis的发生情况。为此，收集了300只狗（n=200只驯养狗；n=100只流浪狗）的血液样本，并通过PCR进行分析，以检测犬H。结果表明，15.66%（47/300）的样本对犬H。流浪狗（27%）犬H.canis的发生率显著高于家养狗（10%）（P<0.05）。对各种危险因素的评估表明，年龄、性别、品种、犬类（家养或流浪）、体毛、环境（农村或城市）和体外寄生虫感染与感染的发生显著相关（P<0.05）。PCR确认标本的系统发育分析显示，检测到的菌株与中国和马耳他早期诊断出的菌株具有非常密切的同源性。得出的结论是，目前Jhang地区狗群中犬H.canis的中度流行率可能会上升，流浪狗是最脆弱的宿主，也是媒介传播的潜在来源。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 0

Identification of Promising Genotypes and Discriminating Traits under Salt Stress at Early Growth Stages of Maize 玉米生长早期盐胁迫下前景基因型及鉴别性状的鉴定

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1819

M. Aslam

Salinity stress is one of the leading abiotic stresses seriously affecting the crop productivity across the world. Early growth stages are more affected by salinity stress than terminal growth stages. Therefore, maize genotypes were evaluated for their performance in three different studies (Experiment-1: irrigation of seeds with salt solutions (distilled water, 4 dS/m, 6 dS/m and 10 dS/m) for 5 days, Experiment-2: application of different salinity treatments (distilled water, 4 dS/m, 6 dS/m and 10 dS/m) for 20 days from sowing to seedling emergence stage, Experiment-3: application of salinity stresses in hydroponic culture under four above mentioned different salinity treatments. Time to start germination (TSG), time to 50% germination (TFG) and final germination percentage (FGP) of the maize genotypes was reduced by salinity stress. Radicle length, plumule length, root and shoot length and fresh weight and chlorophyll contents were also linearly reduced in maize genotypes by increasing salinity levels. Moreover, sodium (Na+) concentration was increased in seeds and seedlings of maize genotypes whereas; potassium (K+) concentration was reduced with gradual rise in salinity levels. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) biplots facilitated the efficient assortment of susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderately tolerant and tolerant maize genotypes for each of the three studies separately. Genotype „YS-2008‟ was susceptible for seed treatment and hydroponic studies whereas, genotype „T267-5‟ was susceptible for early seedling and hydroponic studies. Genotype „C864-284‟ was tolerant in early seedling and hydroponic studies. The GGE biplot analysis indicated that „YS-2008‟ genotype was susceptible for salinity stress. Under hydroponic conditions, genotypes could effectively be discriminated by the imposition of severe salt stress (10 dS/m); however, under seed treatments and early seedling growth stages, mild stress treatments (4 dS/m) were sufficient enough to discriminate the maize genotypes. Hydroponic evaluation of genotypes is suitable and preferable under high stress conditions at early growth stages. Identified tolerant and susceptible genotypes could be effectively used in different breeding programs to develop salt tolerant new cultivars for commercial purposes. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

盐胁迫是严重影响作物生产力的主要非生物胁迫之一。生长前期受盐度胁迫的影响大于生育末期。因此，本研究对玉米基因型进行了3个不同研究，分别为试验1:用盐溶液(蒸馏水，4 dS/m, 6 dS/m和10 dS/m)灌溉种子5 d，试验2:从播种到出苗期，施用不同盐度处理(蒸馏水，4 dS/m, 6 dS/m和10 dS/m) 20 d，试验3:在上述4种不同盐度处理下对水培施加盐度胁迫。盐胁迫降低了玉米基因型的发芽期(TSG)、50%发芽期(TFG)和最终发芽率(FGP)。根长、胚芽长、根冠长、鲜重和叶绿素含量也随盐度的增加而线性降低。此外，钠(Na+)浓度在玉米基因型种子和幼苗中升高;钾(K+)浓度随盐度水平的逐渐升高而降低。主成分分析(PCA)双标图促进了三个研究中易感、中易感、中耐和耐玉米基因型的有效分类。基因型“YS-2008”对种子处理和水培研究敏感，而基因型“T267-5”对早苗和水培研究敏感。基因型“C864-284”在早苗和水培试验中表现出耐受性。GGE双图分析表明，“YS-2008”基因型对盐胁迫敏感。在水培条件下，盐胁迫(10 dS/m)可以有效地区分基因型;但在种子处理和幼苗生长早期，轻度胁迫处理(4ds /m)足以区分玉米基因型。在生长早期的高胁迫条件下，水培评价基因型是适宜的。鉴定出的耐盐和敏感基因型可以有效地应用于不同的育种计划中，培育出具有商业用途的耐盐新品种。©2021朋友科学出版社

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引用次数: 0

Effects of Combined or Along VFA, pH, Lipopolysaccharide and Histamine on the Rumen Epithelial Permeability of Dairy Goats In Vitro VFA、pH、脂多糖和组胺联合或联合应用对乳山羊瘤胃上皮通透性的影响

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1811

Yy Sun

This study investigated whether concurrent presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and histamine (HIS) have the potential to increase permeability of the ruminal epithelium at physiological pH and acidotic ruminal pH. Nine 2.5-year-old female lactating Saanen dairy goats (42.79 ± 5.61 kg of BW; Mean ± SD) were used as a ruminant model. ruminal epithelium of goats were collected and mounted in Ussing chambers on their mucosal side in different gradient buffer solutions (pH 7.4, 5.5 and 5.2) containing LPS (0, 30 and 60 KEU·mL-1) or HIS (0, 0.5 and 10 ng·mL-1). The rumen epithelial electrophysiological indexes, such as short-circuit (Isc), tissue conductance (Gt) and the permeability of marker molecules of different sizes (horseradish peroxidase, HRP and fluorescein 5(6)-isothiocyanate, FITC) from the mucosal to the serosal side, were measured. Both Isc and Gt were increased, accompanied by enhanced flux of FITC, with a decrease of mucosal pH (P < 0.05). The addition of LPS at mucosal pH 5.2 significantly increased Isc, Gt and FITC flux rates and decreased potential difference (PD) (P < 0.05). Additionally, the concurrent presence of LPS and HIS at both physiological and acidotic ruminal pH also significantly increased the permeability of ruminal epithelium asevidenced by increasing Isc, Gt and FITC flux rates and decreasing PD. In summary, our results have shown that concurrent presence of LPS 60 KEU‧mL-1 and HIS 10 ng‧mL-1 at mucosal pH 5.5 can increase the permeability of ruminal epithelium. The combination of low pH and both high LPS and HIS may increase vulnerability to aggravated rumen epithelial barrier dysfunction. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

本研究调查了脂多糖（LPS）和组胺（HIS）同时存在是否有可能在生理pH和酸性瘤胃pH下增加瘤胃上皮的通透性。9只2.5岁哺乳期雌性萨能奶山羊（42.79±5.61kg BW；平均值±SD）被用作反刍动物模型。收集山羊瘤胃上皮，并将其安装在粘膜侧的Using室中，在不同的含有LPS（0、30和60KEU·mL-1）或HIS（0、0.5和10ng·mL-1的梯度缓冲溶液（pH 7.4、5.5和5.2）中。测量瘤胃上皮电生理指标，如短路（Isc）、组织电导（Gt）和不同大小的标记分子（辣根过氧化物酶、HRP和荧光素5（6）-异硫氰酸酯、FITC）从粘膜到浆膜侧的渗透性。Isc和Gt均增加，伴随着FITC流量的增加，粘膜pH值降低（P<0.05）。在粘膜pH 5.2时加入LPS可显著增加Isc、Gt和FITC流量，并降低电位差（PD）（P<0.05），LPS和HIS在生理和酸性瘤胃pH下的同时存在也显著增加了瘤胃上皮的通透性，这通过增加Isc、Gt和FITC的流量和降低PD来提供。总之，我们的结果表明，在粘膜pH 5.5下同时存在LPS 60KEU·mL-1和HIS 10ng·mL-1可以增加瘤胃上皮的通透性。低pH值和高LPS和HIS的组合可能增加瘤胃上皮屏障功能障碍加重的脆弱性。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of Genetic Variability and Direct-Indirect Contribution of Post-Anthesis Traits to the Grain Yield in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) at Different Sowing Dates 不同播期面包小麦（Triticum aestivum）花后性状的遗传变异及其对产量的直接-间接贡献评价

Q2 Agricultural and Biological Sciences

International Journal of Agriculture and Biology

Pub Date : 2021-07-01 DOI: 10.17957/ijab/15.1824

S. Ul-Allah

In cotton-wheat cropping system of Pakistan, sowing of wheat is delayed which results in a heavy loss to the farmers. To this end, a two-year field experiment was conducted to i) asses the performance of genotypes under late sowing ii) heritability and genetic association of different traits under normal and late sowing for their use in the breeding programs. Experimental factors included 20 diverse wheat genotypes (16 advance lines and 04 approved varieties) factorially combined with two sowing dates i.e., normal sowing (11 and 13 November in 2018 and 2019, respectively) and late sowing (09 and 11 December in 2018 and 2019, respectively). The results revealed a highly significant (P < 0.01) effect of genotype and sowing date on all the post-anthesis studied traits and the interaction of the two factors was also significant (P < 0.01) for all the traits except number of spikelets per spike. Contribution of sowing dates was more in overall variation of different post-anthesis traits than genotypes and their interaction. With respect to the performance, genotype 9725 performed best in both early and late sowing, but a reduction of 26% in the grain yield was observed due to late sowing, whereas the grain yield of Miraj-2008 was comparatively lower but showed a reduction of only 17% due to late sowing. Number of tillers per plant and biological yield showed a highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation (r= 0.38 and 0.72, respectively) with grain yield under normal conditions, but path analyses revealed that number of tillers per plant showed association indirectly through biological yield and its direct effect is only one third of the total effect. Under late sowing, association of number of tillers turned non-significant and direct effect become negative which showed complicated association of this trait under normal and late sowing. High broad sense heritability (H2 > 75%) of all the traits suggests a good genetic gain in breeding program by using these traits. As different genotypes performed best for different yield related traits, therefore a breeding program with a careful crossing plan should be developed to pyramid the genes for different traits for the development of genotypes adapted to late sowing. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

在巴基斯坦的棉麦种植制度中，小麦播种延迟，给农民带来了沉重的损失。为此，进行了一项为期两年的田间试验，以i）评估晚播条件下基因型的表现；ii）正常和晚播下不同性状的遗传力和遗传关联，供其在育种计划中使用。实验因素包括20种不同的小麦基因型（16个预作系和04个批准品种）与两个播种日期因子结合，即正常播种（分别为2018年和2019年11月11日和13日）和晚播（分别为2019年和2018年12月9日和11日）。结果表明，基因型和播期对花后研究的所有性状都有极显著的影响（P<0.01），除每穗小穗数外，这两个因素的相互作用对所有性状都很显著（P<0.01）。播期对不同花后性状总体变异的贡献大于基因型及其相互作用。就性能而言，基因型9725在早播和晚播时表现最好，但由于晚播，粮食产量下降了26%，而Miraj-2008的粮食产量相对较低，但由于迟播，产量仅下降了17%。单株分蘖数和生物产量与正常条件下的粮食产量呈高度显著（P<0.01）相关（r分别为0.38和0.72），但通径分析表明，单株分蘖数通过生物产量间接相关，其直接效应仅为总效应的三分之一。晚播条件下分蘖数的关联性不显著，直接效应为负，说明该性状在正播和晚播条件下具有复杂的关联性。所有性状具有较高的广义遗传力（H2>75%），表明利用这些性状进行育种具有良好的遗传增益。由于不同的基因型对不同的产量相关性状表现最好，因此应该制定一个具有仔细杂交计划的育种计划，对不同性状的基因进行金字塔形排列，以开发适合晚播的基因型。©2021 Friends Science出版社

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引用次数: 6