International Journal of Applied Glass Science最新文献

This paper reports the preparation and characterization of LaF₃-based glass–ceramic (GC) optical fibers codoped with Er³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions, using the rod-in-tube method with Duran glass as cladding. Structural analysis, including x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, confirmed the presence of LaF₃ nanocrystals in the core, with sizes ranging from 8 to 10 nm, slightly smaller than those observed in bulk samples due to the higher cooling rate during fiber drawing. Optical measurements showed transmission losses of 13 dB/m for the GC fibers after heat treatment at 660°C for 40 h. Upconversion (UC) emissions were observed in the green (²H_11/2, ⁴S_3/2 → ⁴I_15/2), red (⁴F_9/2 → ⁴I_15/2), and blue (²H_9/2 → ⁴I_15/2) regions upon excitation at 980 nm. The dependence of UC emission on pump power showed a near linear dependence, which can be explained by saturation effects in the intermediate energy states and indicates that the UC process is driven by energy transfer from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺ ions. These results demonstrate the potential of these fibers for advanced optical applications, including telecommunication, sensors and laser technologies.

Topological constraint theory has enabled the successful prediction of glass properties over a wide range of compositions. In this study, a topological constraint model is constructed for alkaline earth vanadate glasses based on experimental data. The change in vanadate structural units from VO₅ to VO₄ was modeled as a function of alkaline earth content and related to thermal and mechanical properties. The model covers both high- and low-temperature properties to probe the temperature dependence of constraint rigidity for each constituent of the glass network. The model is changed to describe anomalies in magnesium sites potentially implying that magnesium can form locally rigid structures. Furthermore, the traditional understanding of vanadate glass structure is compared to recent results concluding that the terminal oxygen must exist as a part of the VO₄ units. Results for the model explain that bridging oxygen constraints are the main contributors to network rigidity in both low- and high-temperature regimes. Vanadate glass networks are highly connected even with the introduction of modifier species, which introduce their own bond constraints. Corroboration between experimental data and the topological constraint model illustrates the role of alkaline earth oxides in the glass network.

This work demonstrates the capability to crystallize YAG via femtosecond pulsed laser. Challenges in using melt-quench glass are shown to restrict glass composition and have not yielded YAG via femtosecond laser crystallization. An alternative glass-making technique was used to fabricate a range of compositions not otherwise possible. Glasses of YAG with added silica in the range of 0–20 mol% were tested under the laser to explore the allowable deviation from stoichiometric YAG. Raman spectroscopy and Electron backscatter diffraction indicated successful fabrication of YAG, and usage of combined excitation emission spectroscopy (CEES) allowed probing of erbium doped compositions.

CsPbBr₃ perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) were successfully embedded in a borosilicate glass matrix for a robust green color converter, and its photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) was optimized by varying glass composition and heat treatment conditions. A high PLQY of up to 68% was obtained under 450 nm excitation by adjusting ZnO and Al₂O₃ content and by incorporating Ga₂O₃. The formation of PNCs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), while the effect of compositional variation was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Time-resolved photo-luminescence (TRPL) also examined the effect of the composition and the heat treatment on the PLQY. Thermal, chemical, and photonic stabilities of the CsPbBr₃ PNC embedded glass (PNEG) were examined to show its robustness for practical applications. A white light-emitting device consisting of CsPbBr₃ PNEG and commercial red phosphor (K₂SiF₆:Mn⁴⁺) with an InGaN blue LED chip was composed and achieved a wide color gamut reaching up to 131% of the NTSC standard, successfully demonstrating its practical feasibility as a color converter for display applications.

This study investigates the effects of chromium concentration and redox on simulated high-level waste (HLW) borosilicate glass properties for high-chromium Hanford wastes. Thirty glasses with target 1 ≤ Cr₂O₃ ≤ 2.5 wt% were fabricated and analyzed. The Cr redox ratios were measured using K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure along with properties of interest to vitrification of Hanford HLW: crystal formation after centerline canister cooling, crystallinity as a function of temperature, viscosity, electrical conductivity, toxic characteristic leaching procedure and product consistency test (PCT) responses, and SO₃ solubility. Only Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were identified in the test glasses, and their ratio was found to be largely correlated to optical basicity. Cr redox appeared to have a significant impact on most of the properties, except for PCT. Most properties were affected differently by Cr(III) than by Cr(VI). These effects were quantified and rationalized based on the previously studied bonding nature of the two primary oxidation states.

Ultrafast laser irradiation of glass enables highly localized structural transformations within the material's bulk, unlocking diverse applications in photonics, data storage, and microfabrication. Here, we provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of the main types of femtosecond laser-induced modifications in silica-based glasses (Types I, II, III, X, and related crystalline transformations), highlighting their distinct features and underlying thermal- and pressure-driven mechanisms. This review offers a current state-of-the-art perspective on various modifications, while also presenting new nanoscale insights through advanced scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy and nano-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, discussing the densification mechanisms behind. Finally, we outline broader perspectives, from fundamental research directions to industry developments, to inspire future advances in next-generation optical technologies.

This paper is focused on analyzing surface residual stresses occurring in annealed soda-lime silicate glass, which has been bent in multiple planes. The knowledge of the distribution and magnitude of residual stresses for tempered glass is crucial to its structural integrity, safety, and quality of the final product. Using SCALP-05 and the photoelasticity phenomenon that this device exploits, residual stresses in a series of samples of different sizes and thicknesses were measured, and the collected results were analyzed using statistical methods. The results clearly show a correlation between specimen thickness and stress magnitude, with thicker specimens showing lower stresses and variability in value. Another finding is the variable surface geometry of the specimens, which poses a challenge in making the correct measurement for the technology used. Glass bending process parameters also play a significant role in the distribution and magnitude of stresses. The results collected will increase awareness of the influence on residual stresses of parameters such as the furnace conditions during bending, the thickness of the glass used, and the designed geometry. This will allow safer glass to be designed and new design limits to be sought.

A shear band is a heterogeneous, narrow seam within a solid material whose formation is caused by intense localized shearing when a sufficiently large amount of deformation occurs. If that deformation occurs at a sufficiently rapid rate, with operative friction, then co-located ephemeral heating will occur in the shear band. In this study, shear bands were produced from dynamic shear-induced compaction of a granular form of crystalline α-quartz (SiO₂). The produced shear bands were approximately 25-µm thick and were examined with scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. They were found to contain a mixture of vitreous silica and small-sized crystallites. This finding is significant because the presence of the vitreous silica within the shear band is a postmortem indicator that the localized temperature had reached or exceeded the melting temperature (∼1723°C) of crystalline SiO₂ during the rapid shear and compaction and then sufficiently rapid cooling quenched in that vitreous state.

The manufacture of perfumery bottles using the blow-and-blow technique necessitates iterative design and production of intermediate or preparation molds to achieve an appropriate thickness distribution. Designers seek a specific glass thickness at the bottle's bottom as an indicator of quality while ensuring a minimum thickness in the rest of the bottle, particularly the neck, to withstand vertical compressive loads during bottle filling. One cost-reduction strategy involves the use of finite element simulations; however, this technique demands significant engineering time and validation efforts. This study proposes a novel method for designing cylindrical bottles, facilitating the automated generation of preparation mold geometries for manufacturing. Key findings include the successful parameter-based analysis accounting for container capacity, mass, and height-to-diameter aspect ratio which was experimentally validated across several container sizes against traditional experimental iterations. Validation tests demonstrated that the automatically generated geometries yield functional bottle designs capable of withstanding compressive loads. The primary advantage of this approach lies in a substantial reduction in development time, from 32.9 to 18.3 days, providing a significant competitive edge. However, the current methodology is applicable to only 6% of the bottles in the production range. Expanding its applicability will require further database analysis to incorporate additional parameters for other bottle geometries. This limitation underscores the potential for continued refinement and broader industrial adoption.

NaNbO₃ crystals were fabricated in the 60B₂O₃–30Na₂O–10Nb₂O₅ glass system. The fabrication of parent glass was done via the melt quench technique, and then crystallization was achieved through controlled heat treatment. The formation of crystallites was successfully observed and confirmed using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The elemental analysis of the present constituent in the glass and glass-ceramics was performed using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The morphological characteristics were investigated through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The transparency of the samples was evaluated by the UV–vis spectroscopy, and it has been established that the samples were transparent even after the partial crystallization. Prepared samples were used to degrade methylene blue dye via photocatalysis. The emergence of glass-ceramics as a photocatalyst has been established with a degradation rate of 68% in 240 min with a rate constant of 4.5 × 10³ min⁻¹.