Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837586258
R. Prasad, S. Chatterjee, D. Sharma, V. Dayma, S. Malakar
The concept of Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) is highly relevant to the Indian context as it is a cost-effective option to cover large degraded forests rapidly. It envisages adopting a holistic view of greening that goes beyond tree planting in order to attain the goal of carbon sequestration and biodiversity enhancement through ecosystem restoration while at the same time developing the socio economic security of tribal communities. This paper details the implementation of an FLR initiative in three demonstration plots in Sheopur and Dindori, Madhya Pradesh which are the homes of the Sahariyas and Baigas tribes, with a focus on restoration and effective community engagement. Preliminary observations have produced promising results in terms of social engagement and financial income generated from the harvest. In addition soil and moisture conservation through the adoption of 400–500 saplings/ha indicate a rapid greening and significant carbon sequestration.
{"title":"The experience of Forest Landscape Restoration in Madhya Pradesh, India","authors":"R. Prasad, S. Chatterjee, D. Sharma, V. Dayma, S. Malakar","doi":"10.1505/146554823837586258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837586258","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) is highly relevant to the Indian context as it is a cost-effective option to cover large degraded forests rapidly. It envisages adopting a holistic view of greening that goes beyond tree planting in order to attain the goal of carbon sequestration and biodiversity enhancement through ecosystem restoration while at the same time developing the socio economic security of tribal communities. This paper details the implementation of an FLR initiative in three demonstration plots in Sheopur and Dindori, Madhya Pradesh which are the homes of the Sahariyas and Baigas tribes, with a focus on restoration and effective community engagement. Preliminary observations have produced promising results in terms of social engagement and financial income generated from the harvest. In addition soil and moisture conservation through the adoption of 400–500 saplings/ha indicate a rapid greening and significant carbon sequestration.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837586276
K. Komalawati, S. Hidayat, R.H. Praptana, M.D. Pertiwi, A.S. Romdon, Y. Hidayat, D. Yuniati, S. Syahyuti, R.P. Ramadhan, S. Saptana, C. Indrawanto
The Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) model has been seen as a potential solution to solve various problems related to forest degradation and the creation of inclusive forest governance. However, in practice, CBFM does not always implement smoothly, with some studies highlighting the weaknesses of CBFM in term of accountability, transparency, efficiency, effectiveness, empowerment, monitoring, law enforcement, and dependency on external actors. Accordingly, this paper revisits the concept of CBFM from the perspective of New Institutional Economics and the proper governance concept. The data collection process was conducted through literature studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology. It may be argued that the implementation of CBFM has weaknesses in terms of, amongst other things, business and organizational activities, inclusivity, community empowerment, community income, and sustainability. In reference to the various flaws encountered in the implementation of CBFM, and to put in place proper governance in forest business activities, this paper proposes a new model – the so-called Community-Government and Private Partnership model (CGPP). This developed model has positioned the cooperative as "core institutions" whose role is to orchestrate five main governance functions, namely: organizational, business activities, human resource development, and corporate and environmental sustainability. This CGPP model is expected to contribute to the existing literature of institutional analysis and forest management with a different approach, as well providing concrete recommendations for the implementation of the CGPP model in CBFM.
{"title":"Community-government, and private partnership (CGPP): revisiting the concept of community-based forest management","authors":"K. Komalawati, S. Hidayat, R.H. Praptana, M.D. Pertiwi, A.S. Romdon, Y. Hidayat, D. Yuniati, S. Syahyuti, R.P. Ramadhan, S. Saptana, C. Indrawanto","doi":"10.1505/146554823837586276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837586276","url":null,"abstract":"The Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) model has been seen as a potential solution to solve various problems related to forest degradation and the creation of inclusive forest governance. However, in practice, CBFM does not always implement smoothly, with some studies highlighting the weaknesses of CBFM in term of accountability, transparency, efficiency, effectiveness, empowerment, monitoring, law enforcement, and dependency on external actors. Accordingly, this paper revisits the concept of CBFM from the perspective of New Institutional Economics and the proper governance concept. The data collection process was conducted through literature studies using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) methodology. It may be argued that the implementation of CBFM has weaknesses in terms of, amongst other things, business and organizational activities, inclusivity, community empowerment, community income, and sustainability. In reference to the various flaws encountered in the implementation of CBFM, and to put in place proper governance in forest business activities, this paper proposes a new model – the so-called Community-Government and Private Partnership model (CGPP). This developed model has positioned the cooperative as \"core institutions\" whose role is to orchestrate five main governance functions, namely: organizational, business activities, human resource development, and corporate and environmental sustainability. This CGPP model is expected to contribute to the existing literature of institutional analysis and forest management with a different approach, as well providing concrete recommendations for the implementation of the CGPP model in CBFM.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837586212
J.A. Owuor, G. Winkel, L. Giessen, L. Prior, J. Burns, Y.T. Tegegne, P. Poschen
Despite the relevance of forests to biodiversity and climate change, education and careers related to them are still unattractive to young people. This paper presents findings from a study whose goal is to investigate the motivation and career aspirations of students in forest-related programmes at the university/tertiary level around the globe. The analysis is based on data gathered through a survey of 787 bachelor's, master's, and PhD students from 82 countries. The findings reveal that the choice of forest-related programmes by students is guided by (i) the desire to do beneficial work, specifically to make a positive difference for the environment/communities, (ii) job satisfaction, e. g., enjoyable work, and (iii) working outdoors. With regard to career pathways, students were most interested in working in forest-related nature and biodiversity conservation and least interested in forest-related industry and non-forest-related fields. The study found significant differences across continents regarding student preferences but only a few across study levels and gender. This paper provides useful insights that can help in tailoring forest-related programmes to meet the expectations of the students and universities.
{"title":"Passion for nature: global student motivations for forestrelated education and career aspirations","authors":"J.A. Owuor, G. Winkel, L. Giessen, L. Prior, J. Burns, Y.T. Tegegne, P. Poschen","doi":"10.1505/146554823837586212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837586212","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the relevance of forests to biodiversity and climate change, education and careers related to them are still unattractive to young people. This paper presents findings from a study whose goal is to investigate the motivation and career aspirations of students in forest-related programmes at the university/tertiary level around the globe. The analysis is based on data gathered through a survey of 787 bachelor's, master's, and PhD students from 82 countries. The findings reveal that the choice of forest-related programmes by students is guided by (i) the desire to do beneficial work, specifically to make a positive difference for the environment/communities, (ii) job satisfaction, e. g., enjoyable work, and (iii) working outdoors. With regard to career pathways, students were most interested in working in forest-related nature and biodiversity conservation and least interested in forest-related industry and non-forest-related fields. The study found significant differences across continents regarding student preferences but only a few across study levels and gender. This paper provides useful insights that can help in tailoring forest-related programmes to meet the expectations of the students and universities.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837586249
H. Mahaseth, A. Shukla, H. Dhande
Religious forests are conserved by cultural and traditional beliefs. Although India has the highest number of religious forests globally, the protection provided to these forests is insufficient, a situation that is also commonplace in Nepal. This paper examines a Nepali sacred grove which reflects the diversity of tree species and their role in conserving biodiversity that is common to religious forests. The sacred grove is one of the pioneers of the community-based management regimes indicative of this particular forest resource management system. The paper highlights how religious forests have been preserved in Nepal and indicates that in order to provide greater protection to religious forests, along with their tradition and spirituality, a creative solution of policies and law will be required.
{"title":"The religious forests of Nepal and India: a need for concern?","authors":"H. Mahaseth, A. Shukla, H. Dhande","doi":"10.1505/146554823837586249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837586249","url":null,"abstract":"Religious forests are conserved by cultural and traditional beliefs. Although India has the highest number of religious forests globally, the protection provided to these forests is insufficient, a situation that is also commonplace in Nepal. This paper examines a Nepali sacred grove which reflects the diversity of tree species and their role in conserving biodiversity that is common to religious forests. The sacred grove is one of the pioneers of the community-based management regimes indicative of this particular forest resource management system. The paper highlights how religious forests have been preserved in Nepal and indicates that in order to provide greater protection to religious forests, along with their tradition and spirituality, a creative solution of policies and law will be required.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837586230
L. Damnyag, A.A. Bampoh, Y. Mohammed
A community-based monitoring (CBM) approach creates a working relationship between scientists, resource managers and local communities to address natural resource problems. This study analyses CBM data from Ankasa Conservation Area (ACA), Ghana, and assesses how such a CBM model fits into the national Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system for REDD+. Satellite imagery was used to generate land cover change maps for the different land use categories in ACA. A checklist of deforestation and forest degradation-related activities was designed with inputs from study communities. Nominated community members were trained to collect the data. The land use categories identified in the study area include closed forest, open forest, farmland, bare area, and grassland. The remote sensing data revealed significant land use and land cover changes in the periphery of ACA between 1990 and 2014. Closed forest and open forest areas recorded 28.6% and 35.0% reductions respectively. Data from the CBM showed that cash crop farms and plantations (rubber and coconut) account for the sharp increase (479.9%) in farmlands. The predominant sighting of rodents by community monitors reinforced the deforestation and forest degradation findings in the ACA periphery. A participatory MRV system is essential for the success of REDD+ interventions. With little training, local people can collect forest condition data that are of interest to REDD+ implementation and international policies related to climate change.
{"title":"Community-based forest monitoring for REDD+ MRV in the Ansaka Conservation Area, Ghana","authors":"L. Damnyag, A.A. Bampoh, Y. Mohammed","doi":"10.1505/146554823837586230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837586230","url":null,"abstract":"A community-based monitoring (CBM) approach creates a working relationship between scientists, resource managers and local communities to address natural resource problems. This study analyses CBM data from Ankasa Conservation Area (ACA), Ghana, and assesses how such a CBM model fits into the national Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) system for REDD+. Satellite imagery was used to generate land cover change maps for the different land use categories in ACA. A checklist of deforestation and forest degradation-related activities was designed with inputs from study communities. Nominated community members were trained to collect the data. The land use categories identified in the study area include closed forest, open forest, farmland, bare area, and grassland. The remote sensing data revealed significant land use and land cover changes in the periphery of ACA between 1990 and 2014. Closed forest and open forest areas recorded 28.6% and 35.0% reductions respectively. Data from the CBM showed that cash crop farms and plantations (rubber and coconut) account for the sharp increase (479.9%) in farmlands. The predominant sighting of rodents by community monitors reinforced the deforestation and forest degradation findings in the ACA periphery. A participatory MRV system is essential for the success of REDD+ interventions. With little training, local people can collect forest condition data that are of interest to REDD+ implementation and international policies related to climate change.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837586221
D.J. Mead, R.D. Burdon
The imp acts of past and potential insect pests and diseases in New Zealand's radiata pine plantations are reviewed. Invariably their impacts have decreased with time or can be easily managed. Despite past biotic impacts. growth rates have increased over the last 100 years. Pitch pine canker (PPC) is perceived as the greatest new threat. PPC's impact in California, Spain, Portugal, South Africa and Chile suggests that in New Zealand it would become a nursery problem. Radiata pine remains the best medium-density softwood for New Zealand although climate change may alter the site limits. While a biotic catastrophe, despite its low probability, remains an important risk, this risk is outweighed by the opportunity costs and risks associated with diversifying into alternative species. A strong biosecurity infrastructure is vital, as is maintaining a broad genetic base from which to breed resistance. Large plantation estates should develop defensive strategies against new biotic invasions.
{"title":"Lessons from insect and disease impacts on radiata pine (<i>Pinus radiata</i> D. Don) plantations in New Zealand over the last hundred years","authors":"D.J. Mead, R.D. Burdon","doi":"10.1505/146554823837586221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837586221","url":null,"abstract":"The imp acts of past and potential insect pests and diseases in New Zealand's radiata pine plantations are reviewed. Invariably their impacts have decreased with time or can be easily managed. Despite past biotic impacts. growth rates have increased over the last 100 years. Pitch pine canker (PPC) is perceived as the greatest new threat. PPC's impact in California, Spain, Portugal, South Africa and Chile suggests that in New Zealand it would become a nursery problem. Radiata pine remains the best medium-density softwood for New Zealand although climate change may alter the site limits. While a biotic catastrophe, despite its low probability, remains an important risk, this risk is outweighed by the opportunity costs and risks associated with diversifying into alternative species. A strong biosecurity infrastructure is vital, as is maintaining a broad genetic base from which to breed resistance. Large plantation estates should develop defensive strategies against new biotic invasions.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837586267
A.A.O. Tavares, S.L. Burns
In the Br azilian Amazon, around two million people depend on Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) as their main source of cash income. Given the inherent bottlenecks to the commercialization of such products in the region, such as communities lacking access to credit and business skills, alternative governance models have arisen with the aim of addressing such challenges. This stud y focused on one partnership between a donor, the German Cooperation Agency, and two private companies, a new trend in global governance under criticism for being donor dominated and disregarding local interests. While this could undermine the legitimacy of such partnerships and compromise the replicability of the model, the achievement of economic empowerment of NTFP-reliant communities would alternatively deem this type of venture desirable and socially acceptable. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess whether such configurations are able to economically empower communities in the state of Pará, Brazil. The results showed that this governance model is unable to generate high empowerment, due to conflicts with the interests of the most powerful actor and external factors, which entails a need for an alternative model to achieve this goal in the region.
{"title":"Development cooperation, non-timber forest products and community empowerment: power and interests in a public-private partnership in the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"A.A.O. Tavares, S.L. Burns","doi":"10.1505/146554823837586267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837586267","url":null,"abstract":"In the Br azilian Amazon, around two million people depend on Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) as their main source of cash income. Given the inherent bottlenecks to the commercialization of such products in the region, such as communities lacking access to credit and business skills, alternative governance models have arisen with the aim of addressing such challenges. This stud y focused on one partnership between a donor, the German Cooperation Agency, and two private companies, a new trend in global governance under criticism for being donor dominated and disregarding local interests. While this could undermine the legitimacy of such partnerships and compromise the replicability of the model, the achievement of economic empowerment of NTFP-reliant communities would alternatively deem this type of venture desirable and socially acceptable. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to assess whether such configurations are able to economically empower communities in the state of Pará, Brazil. The results showed that this governance model is unable to generate high empowerment, due to conflicts with the interests of the most powerful actor and external factors, which entails a need for an alternative model to achieve this goal in the region.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837586285
F.E. Arnold, M. Piazza, K.Z. Wynn, P. Htut, S.S. Tun
Myanmar has the second largest area of mangrove forests in South East Asia while suffering high deforestation rates and forest degradation. However, monitoring results from existing studies in mangrove forests vary widely while specific estimates on carbon density for this forest type are deficient. Also, data from mangrove inventory plots used for the 2018 Myanmar forest reference level refer only to commercial timber and do not include other carbon pools. The results in this study based on four carbon pools allow for updating the emission factors in mangrove forests expressed in CO 2 from 125.43 ± 15.06 Mg ha –1 to 1 377.07 ± 67.04 Mg ha –1 for Ayeyarwady region (Pyapon, Pathein, Latputta districts) and 1 583.27± 75.18 Mg ha –1 for Tanintharyi region (Kawthaung, Dawei districts) and can be used in (sub)national or jurisdictional forest reference level for REDD+. In addition, the georeferenced biomass estimates are useful for the calibration of space-based models of biomass estimation.
缅甸拥有东南亚第二大红树林面积，但森林砍伐率高，森林退化严重。然而，现有红树林研究的监测结果差异很大，而对这种森林类型的碳密度的具体估计缺乏。此外，用于2018年缅甸森林参考水平的红树林清查样地的数据仅涉及商业木材，不包括其他碳库。基于4个碳库的研究结果允许将伊洛瓦底江地区(Pyapon、Pathein、Latputta地区)的红树林二氧化碳排放因子从125.43±15.06 Mg ha -1更新为1 377.07±67.04 Mg ha -1，丹宁达依地区(Kawthaung、Dawei地区)的排放因子从1 583.27±75.18 Mg ha -1更新为REDD+的(次)国家或辖区森林参考水平。此外，基于地理的生物量估算对基于空间的生物量估算模型的校准也很有用。
{"title":"Mangrove biomass and carbon estimates for REDD+ from national forest inventory in two regions of Myanmar","authors":"F.E. Arnold, M. Piazza, K.Z. Wynn, P. Htut, S.S. Tun","doi":"10.1505/146554823837586285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823837586285","url":null,"abstract":"Myanmar has the second largest area of mangrove forests in South East Asia while suffering high deforestation rates and forest degradation. However, monitoring results from existing studies in mangrove forests vary widely while specific estimates on carbon density for this forest type are deficient. Also, data from mangrove inventory plots used for the 2018 Myanmar forest reference level refer only to commercial timber and do not include other carbon pools. The results in this study based on four carbon pools allow for updating the emission factors in mangrove forests expressed in CO 2 from 125.43 ± 15.06 Mg ha –1 to 1 377.07 ± 67.04 Mg ha –1 for Ayeyarwady region (Pyapon, Pathein, Latputta districts) and 1 583.27± 75.18 Mg ha –1 for Tanintharyi region (Kawthaung, Dawei districts) and can be used in (sub)national or jurisdictional forest reference level for REDD+. In addition, the georeferenced biomass estimates are useful for the calibration of space-based models of biomass estimation.","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837244473
C. Fagundes, D. Schreiber, M. P. Nunes, M. Fernandes, C. Damacena
HIGHLIGHTS The study presents the development and validation of a scale to assess the benefits of FSC certification. The study used a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methodologies contributing to greater confidence regarding the results. Two factors, named ‘Competitive Advantage’ and ‘Financial Profitability’, were created for the economic dimension of sustainability. Three factors, named ‘Corporate Image’, ‘Confidence’ and ‘Credibility’, were created for the social dimension of sustainability. The scale contributes to the development of projects and actions seeking the identified benefits. SUMMARY This study aimed to present the development and validation of a scale to assess the benefits of FSC certification. A study of this kind was not found in the literature, making the application innovative, especially for the Brazilian context. The variables to compose the scale were built through a systematic review of the literature, as well as interviews with those responsible for certification in the investigated companies and on-site observation. Further, based on the results of a survey, the scale was validated through principal component analysis. The results revealed the existence of two factors for the economic dimension and three factors for the social dimension. In conclusion, the scale is an alternative for empirical investigations and applied work in organizations, and can guide measures aimed at enhancing the benefits of certification. Moreover, as this scale was built following theoretically robust parameters, constitutes a model to be tested in studies with similar characteristics. Cette étude visait à présenter le développement et la validation d'une échelle pour évaluer les avantages de la certification FSC. Il est important de souligner qu'une étude de ce type n'a pas été trouvée dans la littérature, ce qui rend l'application innovante, notamment pour le contexte brésilien. Les variables pour composer l'échelle ont été construites à partir d'une revue systématique de la littérature, ainsi que d'entretiens avec les responsables de la certification dans les entreprises étudiées et d'une observation sur place. Avec l'aide d'une enquête, l'échelle a été validée par analyse en composantes principales. Les résultats ont révélé l'existence de deux facteurs pour la dimension économique et trois facteurs pour la dimension sociale. En conclusion, l'échelle est une alternative pour les enquêtes empiriques et le travail appliqué dans les organisations, et peut orienter les mesures visant à améliorer les avantages de la certification. On peut également affirmer que cette échelle, construite selon des paramètres théoriquement robustes, représente un modèle à tester dans des études présentant des caractéristiques similaires. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar el desarrollo y validación de una escala para evaluar los beneficios de la certificación FSC. Es importante destacar que no se encontró un estudio como este en la literatura, lo qu
强调本研究介绍了评估FSC认证效益的量表的开发和验证。该研究使用了定性和定量方法的混合，有助于提高对结果的信心。为可持续性的经济层面创造了两个因素，即“竞争优势”和“财务盈利能力”。为可持续性的社会层面创造了三个因素，即“企业形象”、“信心”和“可信度”。规模有助于制定寻求确定利益的项目和行动。本研究旨在介绍评估FSC认证效益的量表的开发和验证。文献中没有发现这种类型的研究，使应用程序具有创新性，特别是在巴西背景下。构成规模的变量是通过对文献的系统审查以及对调查公司和现场观察中负责认证的人员的访谈建立起来的。此外，根据调查结果，通过主要成分分析验证了该量表。结果揭示了经济层面的两个因素和社会层面的三个因素的存在。总之，该量表是组织实证调查和应用工作的替代方案，可以指导旨在提高认证效益的措施。此外，由于该量表是按照理论上稳健的参数构建的，因此构成了一个模型，将在具有类似特征的研究中进行测试。本研究旨在介绍评估FSC认证效益的量表的开发和验证。值得注意的是，文献中没有发现这样的研究，这使得应用具有创新性，特别是在巴西的情况下。构成该量表的变量是通过对文献的系统审查、对所研究公司认证官员的访谈和现场观察建立起来的。在调查的帮助下，通过主成分分析验证了该量表。结果表明，经济层面存在两个因素，社会层面存在三个因素。总之，该量表是组织中实证调查和应用工作的替代方案，可以指导提高认证效益的措施。还可以说，根据理论上稳健的参数构建的该尺度代表了在具有类似特征的研究中测试的模型。Este estudio tuvo como objetivo介绍了FSC认证的利益评估。重要的是，文学研究，海洋创新的应用，特别是巴西的环境。构成Escala fueron construidas a través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura、asícomo entrevistas con los responseurs de la certificación en las empresas investigadas y observación en el sitio的变量。con la ayuda de una encuesta，la escala fue validada mediante análisis de principales componentes。Los resultados揭示了经济层面的因素和社会层面的因素的存在。最后，这是一个替代方案，用于调查组织中的就业和就业情况，以及旨在改善认证受益人的媒体。También se puede afirmar que esta escala，al ser construida siguiendo parámetros tóricamente robustos，代表了类似特征研究的概率模型。Este estudo teve como objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento e validação de uma escala para avaliar os benefícios da certificaço FSC。重要的是要注意到，在文学方面，尤其是在巴西背景下。作为一个不断变化的组成部分，它构成了一个建筑论坛，由Uma revisão sistemática da literatura、bem como entrevistas com os responsáveis pela certificationção nas empresas investigadas e observaço no local组成。com a ajuda de uma pesquisa，a escala foi validada através da análise de componentes principais。os resultados revelaram a existência de dois fatores para a dimensão econômica e três fatores para a dimensåo social。em conclusião，一个研究Empíricas e trabalho aplicado em organizações，e pode orientar medidas destinadas a melhorar os benefícios da certificao的替代方案。Também pode-se afirmar que esta escala，ao ser construída seguindo parâmetros teoricamente robustos，代表着类似的特征。
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Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823837244482
O. Crowe, M. Crosby, M.B.E. De La Paz, G. E. D. Rosa, G. Y. Gowae, H. Gurung, N. Kumpel, T. Hani, E.L. Lee, J. K. Panopio, B. Perumal, Josiah Quimpo, N.A. Resurreccion, P. Satyal, A. Simkins, J. Thomas, A. Widyanto, C. Yeap
HIGHLIGHTS Involving Indigenous Peoples and local communities in forest monitoring and governance not only empowers them and supports their livelihoods, but also can result in improved forest conservation and management. Investment in training and communications is key to ensuring that communities engage most effectively in conservation activities. A variety of methods and tools were used to deliver a monitoring assessment based on a framework developed for Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas at a selection of sites in tropical Asia and New Guinea, but there is scope for revising its application to better suit local situations and to deliver higher quality assessments in measuring the health of sites over time. The biodiversity at most of the sites has been heavily affected by a range of human-related pressures, especially relating to forest replacement with monocultures, as well as other factors associated with infrastructure development (including facilitating hunting pressure), and some of these activities extend back several decades. Global datasets on tree cover loss and forest landscape integrity usefully infer the condition of forests for conservation in areas with large areas of natural forests. SUMMARY Forests in tropical Asia and New Guinea provide local and global benefits to people and are exceptionally rich in biodiversity but they have receded by more than 75% in the past 100 years. This project set out to strengthen effective engagement of non-state actors in forest monitoring, planning and policy processes in Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and New Guinea, and hence reduce the rate of loss of tropical forests and biodiversity. Monitoring assessments of state, pressure and response were undertaken at key sites for biodiversity conservation using a monitoring protocol established for Important Bird and Biodiversity Areas. Indigenous Peoples and local communities participated in a range of surveillance activities. These assessments were supported by global datasets on tree cover loss and forest integrity. The inputs from Indigenous Peoples and local communities were especially valuable in implementing actions, informing national and regional policies, and in helping them manage their local environment and resources. Les forêts en Asie tropicale et en Nouvelle-Guinée génèrent des bénéfices locaux et globaux pour les peuples et sont exceptionnellement riches en biodiversité. Elles ont cependant diminué de plus de 75% au cours de cent dernières années. Ce projet a pour but de consolider un engagement efficace des acteurs autres que l'état dans la gestion des forêts, la planification et les processus de politique en Malaisie, en Indonésie, aux Philippines et en Nouvelle-Guinée, afin de réduire le quotient de perte des forêts tropicales et de la biodiversité. Un examen des évaluations de l'état, de la pression et des réponses, a été conduit dans des sites-clé pour la conservation de la biodiversité, en utilisant un protocole d'exa
亚洲和努吉尼热带地区的森林为人类带来了当地和全球的利益，为生物多样性带来了财富，但在过去100年中，森林减少了75%以上。该项目旨在加强非政府行为者对马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾和努吉尼森林监测、规划和政策进程的有效参与，从而迅速失去热带森林并减少生物多样性。森林状况监测、对森林的压力和相关行动在主要地点进行，以保护生物多样性，并使用重要鸟类和哈亚蒂生物多样性区域的监测协议。Adapt社区和当地社区参与各种监督活动。这一评估得到了关于树木覆盖消失和森林完整性的全球数据集的支持。适应社会和当地社区的参与对实施各种行动、为国家和地区政策提供信息以及帮助自己管理当地环境和资源非常有价值。亚洲和新几内亚的热带森林为世界各地的人民和许多人的生活带来了好处和财富，但在过去的一百年里下降了75%以上。该项目有效加强了非国家行为者在马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾和新几内亚监测森林、规划和决策方面的互动，以减少热带森林的快速枯竭和数十人的生命。对目前的《自然、城镇和乡村》的测试是在有几十种不同生命的关键地方进行的，方法是为鸟类和几十种不同的生命保留重要的地方。地方和地方社区参与监测其森林。这一监测得到了关于森林树木枯竭和完整性的全球数据的支持。地方和地方社区的一个重要组成部分是开展相关行动，报告减少地区和国家警察的接触，帮助他们妥善管理自然资源和环境。在新几内亚的亚洲巴士站，看到了一个叫“samting long ol asples na long olgeta hap graun tu”的工厂，一辆叫“na igat planti ol samting moa blong Bus”的工厂。在马来西亚、印度尼西亚、菲律宾和新几内亚的长巴士上，有一个长巴士。Lukautim na Lukautuk long ol samting long hap weaigat ol planti samting blong bus istap ol sem ol pisin na arapela samting blog bus。一个勇敢的人是一个长期的失败者。如果你的车停在路边，你会发现你的车已经停了很长时间了。Olsem na ol asples躺在bikpela wok long mekim，long toksawe long pasin blong harivim na lukautim ol bus na graun blong ol。
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