Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823836838736
D. Alemagi, D. Nukpezah, L. Duguma, K. Fobissie
HIGHLIGHTS While some strengths could be ascribed to institutions that play a fundamental role in implementing REDD+ in Cameroon, these institutions still face a series of threats and weaknesses that could impede REDD+ implementation. A series of weaknesses can also be attributed to institutions that play a fundamental role in REDD+ implementation in Cameroon. There exist a series of opportunities that institutions responsible for REDD+ implementation in Cameroon can make use of in order to advance REDD+ implementation. Specific recommendations for overcoming weaknesses and threats that institutions responsible for implementing REDD+ in Cameroon face are identified including capacity building in monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV); clarification of rights issues; proper institutional coordination; promotion of accountability and transparency in forest management; and peace building. Implementation of the aforementioned recommendations the paper argues is fundamental to successful REDD+ implementation in the country. SUMMARY REDD+ is a mechanism that is used to advance the efforts of developing countries that are endowed with forests to mitigate climate change by decreasing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, encouraging conservation and the sustainable management of forests, as well as forest carbon enhancement. In this paper, using a qualitative approach, an analysis was conducted of the institutional framework that governs REDD+ implementation in Cameroon. The roles of the various institutions that play a role in advancing REDD+ implementation in Cameroon were profiled followed by a literature review and, after interviews with REDD+ actors in Cameroon, the results of a SWOT analysis of the institutional framework for REDD+ implementation in Cameroon are presented. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be used by policy makers who are driving the REDD+ process in Cameroon to craft and implement initiatives directed at promoting REDD+ implementation in the country. REDD+ est un mécanisme qui est utilisé pour faire avancer les efforts des pays en développement qui sont dotés de forêts pour atténuer le changement climatique en diminuant les émissions dues à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts, en encourageant la conservation et la gestion durable des forêts, ainsi que la valorisation du carbone forestier. Dans cet article, une analyse du cadre institutionnel qui régit la mise en œuvre de la REDD+ au Cameroun a été réalisée en utilisant une approche qualitative. Les rôles des différentes institutions qui jouent un rôle dans l'évolution de la mise en œuvre de la REDD+ au Cameroun ont été profilés, suivis d'une revue de la littérature et des entretiens avec les acteurs de la REDD+ au Cameroun, les résultats d'une analyse SWOT du cadre institutionnel de la mise en œuvre de la REDD+ au Cameroun ont été présentés. Nous espérons que les résultats de cette étude seront utilisés par les décideurs politiques q
虽然在喀麦隆实施REDD+中发挥基础性作用的机构具有一些优势，但这些机构仍然面临着一系列可能阻碍REDD+实施的威胁和弱点。一系列弱点也可归因于在喀麦隆实施REDD+中发挥根本作用的机构。喀麦隆负责REDD+实施的机构可以利用一系列机会来推进REDD+的实施。为克服喀麦隆负责实施REDD+的机构面临的弱点和威胁提出了具体建议，包括监测、报告和核查(MRV)方面的能力建设;澄清权利问题;适当的机构协调;促进森林管理的问责制和透明度;和平建设。该报告认为，实施上述建议对于在该国成功实施REDD+至关重要。REDD+是一个机制，旨在推动拥有森林资源的发展中国家通过减少毁林和森林退化造成的排放、鼓励森林保护和可持续管理以及提高森林碳排放来减缓气候变化。在本文中，采用定性方法，对喀麦隆管理REDD+实施的制度框架进行了分析。介绍了在喀麦隆推进REDD+实施中发挥作用的各种机构的作用，然后进行了文献综述，并在对喀麦隆REDD+参与者进行采访后，提出了对喀麦隆REDD+实施的制度框架进行SWOT分析的结果。希望这项研究的结果将被喀麦隆推动REDD+进程的政策制定者用来制定和实施旨在促进该国REDD+实施的倡议。联合国REDD + est mecanisme任何人利用倒做皇冠les努力des支付在发展是钟爱de forets倒attenuer le换向机构的避暑en diminuant les排放费拉森林砍伐等la退化des forets en encourageant la保护et des forets治理耐用,依照ainsi乘缆车维持价格杜卡伯恩弗赖斯节。在这篇文章中，我们分析了喀麦隆的一种方法，即利用喀麦隆的一种方法定性地分析了 REDD+喀麦隆的 REDD+喀麦隆的方法定性的。Les rôles des diffrentes institutions quis jouent un rôle dans l' verciv de la REDD+ au camerononys ys, suvis d'une revue de la REDD+ au cameronys, Les rs ' suvele de la REDD+ au cameronys, Les rs ' suvele de la REDD+ au cameronsys, Les rs ' suvele de la REDD+ au cameronsys分析SWOT du cadre institunel de la remesen œuvre de la REDD+ au camerononys。在喀麦隆境内，有两种不同的交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件，即交换交换条件。REDD+是一种机制，它可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲，可以利用脉冲。En este artículo se utiliza un enfoque qualitative para analar el marco机构que rique la implementación de REDD+ En Camerún。despusias de definir los papeles de las different instituiones que desempeñan despusias enel impulse de la implementación de REDD+ en Camerún se hizo una revisión bibliográfica, despusias entrevistar a los actores de REDD+ en Camerún, despusias resultados de un análisis DAFO del marco institution para la aplicación de REDD+ en Camerún。特别责任人:políticos特别责任人:REDD+ en Camerún特别责任人:结论:REDD+ en的特别责任人:REDD+ en的特别责任人:Camerún特别责任人:REDD+ en的特别责任人:REDD+ en的特别责任人:REDD+ en的特别责任人:REDD+ en的特别责任人:Camerún
{"title":"An Analysis of the Institutional Framework for REDD+ Implementation in Cameroon","authors":"D. Alemagi, D. Nukpezah, L. Duguma, K. Fobissie","doi":"10.1505/146554823836838736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554823836838736","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS While some strengths could be ascribed to institutions that play a fundamental role in implementing REDD+ in Cameroon, these institutions still face a series of threats and weaknesses that could impede REDD+ implementation. A series of weaknesses can also be attributed to institutions that play a fundamental role in REDD+ implementation in Cameroon. There exist a series of opportunities that institutions responsible for REDD+ implementation in Cameroon can make use of in order to advance REDD+ implementation. Specific recommendations for overcoming weaknesses and threats that institutions responsible for implementing REDD+ in Cameroon face are identified including capacity building in monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV); clarification of rights issues; proper institutional coordination; promotion of accountability and transparency in forest management; and peace building. Implementation of the aforementioned recommendations the paper argues is fundamental to successful REDD+ implementation in the country. SUMMARY REDD+ is a mechanism that is used to advance the efforts of developing countries that are endowed with forests to mitigate climate change by decreasing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, encouraging conservation and the sustainable management of forests, as well as forest carbon enhancement. In this paper, using a qualitative approach, an analysis was conducted of the institutional framework that governs REDD+ implementation in Cameroon. The roles of the various institutions that play a role in advancing REDD+ implementation in Cameroon were profiled followed by a literature review and, after interviews with REDD+ actors in Cameroon, the results of a SWOT analysis of the institutional framework for REDD+ implementation in Cameroon are presented. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be used by policy makers who are driving the REDD+ process in Cameroon to craft and implement initiatives directed at promoting REDD+ implementation in the country. REDD+ est un mécanisme qui est utilisé pour faire avancer les efforts des pays en développement qui sont dotés de forêts pour atténuer le changement climatique en diminuant les émissions dues à la déforestation et à la dégradation des forêts, en encourageant la conservation et la gestion durable des forêts, ainsi que la valorisation du carbone forestier. Dans cet article, une analyse du cadre institutionnel qui régit la mise en œuvre de la REDD+ au Cameroun a été réalisée en utilisant une approche qualitative. Les rôles des différentes institutions qui jouent un rôle dans l'évolution de la mise en œuvre de la REDD+ au Cameroun ont été profilés, suivis d'une revue de la littérature et des entretiens avec les acteurs de la REDD+ au Cameroun, les résultats d'une analyse SWOT du cadre institutionnel de la mise en œuvre de la REDD+ au Cameroun ont été présentés. Nous espérons que les résultats de cette étude seront utilisés par les décideurs politiques q","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"1 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47410207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823836838682
T. Pham, N. T. Tran, C. Kull, R. Shackleton, R. Cochard, T. Nguyen, T. D. Ngo, T. Nguyen, Q.C. Tran, T. Vu
HIGHLIGHTS Major livelihood and forestland-use changes have taken place in central Vietnam over the last two decades. There has been widespread conversion of forestland (degraded natural forests, swidden land) and cropland to acacia plantations. Household-scale forestland use changes were primarily driven by forestry policies, the market for woodchips, and land resource access. There is inequality in access to and ownership of forestland between poor and wealthier households in the mountain district of Vietnam. Cases of illegal forestland conversions pose challenges to ensuring sustainable forest landscapes. SUMMARY Over the last decades, Vietnam has seen substantial shifts in forest landscape uses and associated livelihoods. We document the livelihood transformations in Nam Dong, a mountainous district of Central Vietnam, where land uses have changed from the utilisation of products from natural forests and shifting cultivation (swidden agriculture) to acacia tree-dominated plantation forestry. Forestry policies (forestland allocation, plantation development agendas), the increase in the economic value of acacia, and household livelihood assets are the primary factors driving these changes. We also found that there are differences in the access to and ownership of forestland with regard to households of different communities and between poor vs wealthy households. Therefore, careful attention needs to be paid to guide future land use policies in the area to foster social and ecological sustainability. Le Vietnam a été témoin de changements substantiels dans les utilisations du paysage forestier et des revenus lui étant associés au cours des dernières décennies. Nous documentons les transformations des revenus au Nam Dong, un district montagneux du Vietnam central, où l'utilisation de la terre s'est déplacée des forêts naturelles et de la culture nomade (agriculture sur brûlis), vers une foresterie de plantation dominée par l'acacia. Les politiques forestières (allocation de terres forestières, agendas du développement des plantations), la croissance de la valeur économique de l'acacia et les moyens de subsistance des ménages sont les principaux facteurs conduisant ces changements. Nous avons également noté des différences dans l'accès aux terres forestières et dans la propriété de ces dernières chez les ménages de différentes communautés, entre les pauvres ceux plus aisés. Il est par conséquent nécessaire de surveiller de près les politiques futures d'utilisation de la terre dans cette région, pour assurer une durabilité sociale et écologique. Vietnam ha experimentado en las últimas décadas cambios sustanciales en los usos del paisaje forestal y los medios de vida vinculados a estos paisajes. Este artículo documenta las transformaciones de los medios de vida en Nam Dong, un distrito montañoso de Vietnam Central, donde los usos del suelo han pasado de los bosques naturales y los cultivos migratorios (agricultura itinerante) a las plantaciones for
重点：过去二十年来，越南中部的生计和林地使用发生了重大变化。林地（退化的天然森林、Swidden土地）和Cropland广泛转变为相思种植园。家庭规模的森林利用变化主要由林业政策、木屑市场和土地资源获取驱动。越南山区的穷人和富人家庭在获得和拥有林地方面存在不平等。非法林地转换案例对确保可持续森林景观构成挑战。在过去十年中，越南在森林景观利用和相关生计方面出现了重大变化。我们记录了越南中部山区南东的生计转变，该地区的土地使用从天然森林和移位种植（Swidden农业）的产品使用转变为相思树主导的种植林。林业政策（森林分配、种植园发展议程）、相思树经济价值的增加和家庭生计资产是推动这些变化的主要因素。我们还发现，不同社区的家庭以及穷人与富人之间在获得和拥有林地方面存在差异。因此，需要给予认真关注，以指导该地区未来的土地使用政策，促进社会和生态可持续性。近几十年来，越南在森林景观利用和相关收入方面发生了重大变化。我们记录了越南中部山区南东的收入变化，在那里，土地利用从天然森林和游牧文化（刀耕火种农业）转向以相思为主的种植园林业。森林政策（林地分配、种植园发展议程）、相思树经济价值的增长和家庭生计是推动这些变化的主要因素。我们还注意到，不同社区的家庭、穷人和富人在获得和拥有林地方面存在差异。因此，有必要密切监测该地区未来的土地利用政策，以确保社会和生态可持续性。越南ha experimentado en lasúltimas décadas cambios sustanciales en los usos del paisaje forestal y los medios de vida vinculados a estos paisajes。Este artículo documenta las transformaciones de los medios de vida en nam dong，越南中部山区，donde los usos del suelo han pasado de los bosques naturales y los cultivos migratorios（农业行程）a las plantaciones forestales dominadas por las acacias。森林政策（Asignación de Tierras Forestales，Programas de Desarrollo de Plantaciones），相思树的经济价值和生活的主要因素。También理解，在hogares pobres和los ricos之间的不同社区中，存在着不同的访问和所有权。对于社会和生态可持续性保障区的未来政治方向而言，这是必要的。
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823836838709
A. E. McConnell, S. F. Schenkein, G. Nuñez-Iturri, D. Gurung, R. Siwe, J. Leahy, L. Kenefic, S. Wilson, C. Straub
HIGHLIGHTS Bias and differences in experiences can occur based on one or more intersectional identities (e.g., age, gender or the place an individual is from or associated with) and can vary depending on unique combinations of identities. Bias and differences in experiences can occur if an additional identity characteristic (e.g., weakness) is socially constructed and assigned to an individual. Of the intersectional identity and structural factors identified in this study, seven out of 14 emerged in all three countries, while the other half were only reported in one or two countries. Of these, three were personal identities (age, caretaker and (dis)ability), one was a constructed factor (lack of physical strength compared to men), and three were structural factors (education, geography and marital status). Intersectional identities or structural factors found across more than one country were often talked about differently between each country and even within the same country. For example, women in all three countries reported challenges based on assumptions that women are weaker than men in a fieldwork setting, but described different ways that this discrimination was displayed, ranging from receiving special care to being told they did not belong in the field. Although including local and Indigenous people in forest carbon monitoring was reported as valuable for better results, few examples were reported of this happening in practice. SUMMARY Gender equity has progressed unequally within science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, with geosciences and specifically the Earth Observation (EO) field remaining largely unbalanced. Limited work has centred women's experiences in forest carbon monitoring (FCM), a field that combines EO and in situ data collection. Fewer studies have focused on perceptions of women from Latin America, Africa and Asia. This study examines participants in SilvaCarbon, an interagency technical cooperation program of the U.S. Government to build FCM capacity in tropical countries, where fewer women have historically participated as participants or training leaders. To better understand barriers that women face in FCM, we analyse personal narratives shared by women in Peru, Cameroon and Nepal. The framework of intersectionality facilitates exploration of intersectional identities in concert with gender that affect women in three distinct country contexts. Findings indicate that individuals' opportunities in FCM are affected by multiple combined identities and circumstances at the personal and structural levels, and through socially constructed, attributed, and perceived identities. L'égalité entre les sexes a progressé dans les domaines de la science, de la technologie, de l'ingénierie et des mathématiques (STEM); les géosciences et spécifiquement le domaine de l'Observation de la terre (EO) demeurant largement déséquilibrés. Un travail limité s'est penché sur les expériences des femmes dans la gestion d
偏见和经验差异可能基于一个或多个交叉身份(例如，年龄、性别或个人来自或与之相关的地方)，并可能因身份的独特组合而有所不同。如果一个额外的身份特征(例如，弱点)被社会建构并分配给个人，就会出现偏见和经验差异。在本研究确定的交叉身份和结构因素中，14个中有7个出现在所有三个国家，而另一半仅在一两个国家报告。其中，三个是个人身份(年龄、照顾者和(残疾)能力)，一个是建构因素(与男性相比缺乏体力)，三个是结构性因素(教育、地理和婚姻状况)。在多个国家中发现的交叉身份或结构因素在每个国家之间甚至在同一个国家内经常被不同地谈论。例如，这三个国家的女性都报告了基于女性在实地工作环境中比男性弱的假设的挑战，但描述了这种歧视的不同表现方式，从接受特殊照顾到被告知她们不属于实地工作。虽然据报道，将当地和土著人民纳入森林碳监测有助于取得更好的结果，但据报道，在实践中发生这种情况的例子很少。在科学、技术、工程和数学(STEM)领域，性别平等的进展不平等，地球科学，特别是地球观测(EO)领域仍然很大程度上不平衡。有限的工作集中于妇女在森林碳监测(FCM)方面的经验，这是一个结合了环境观测和实地数据收集的领域。很少有研究关注人们对拉丁美洲、非洲和亚洲女性的看法。这项研究调查了SilvaCarbon的参与者。SilvaCarbon是美国政府的一个跨部门技术合作项目，旨在在热带国家建立FCM能力，在这些国家，历史上很少有女性作为参与者或培训领导者参与。为了更好地理解女性在FCM中面临的障碍，我们分析了秘鲁、喀麦隆和尼泊尔女性的个人叙述。交叉性框架有助于探索在三个不同国家背景下影响妇女的与性别相协调的交叉身份。研究结果表明，个体在FCM中的机会受到个人和结构层面多重身份和环境的影响，并通过社会建构、归因和感知的身份受到影响。在科学领域、技术领域、<s:2>性别和<s:2>进步和<s:2>性别和/或<s:2>技术和/或<s:2>性别和/或<s:2>技术和/或<s:2>技术和/或<s:2>技术和/或其他领域(STEM);在陆地观测(EO)范围内，定大的范围内，是指在陆地观测范围内，是指在陆地观测范围内，是指在陆地观测范围内，是指在陆地观测范围内，是指在陆地观测范围内，是指在陆地观测范围内，是指在陆地观测范围内，是指在陆地观测范围内，是指在陆地观测范围内在有限的条件下，最简单的方法是将妇女的经验与碳林业(FCM)的经验结合起来，而不是将妇女的经验与碳林业(FCM)的经验结合起来。lesperceptions des femmes d' amsamrique latin, d' africque et d' asian, ont samuest l'objet de moins d' samuest。cece3审查银色碳的参与者、cece3审查合作方案、cece3审查各国政府间的技术合作、cece3审查热带地区的FCM能力建设、cece3审查参与者、cece3审查委员会成员、cece3审查委员会主任。倒mieux理解les障碍auxquels妻子doivent做脸在葡萄园du FCM,常识analysons des故事personnelles分配标准des妻子du Perou嘟喀麦隆等嘟尼泊尔。Le cadre d' intersectionalit<s:1>便利设施，l'exploration des identitsames, intersectionnelles, ainsi que genrsames，影响的女性，三个背景，国家的独特性。变异决定了个体的命运，变异决定了个体的命运，变异决定了个体的命运，变异决定了个体的命运，变异决定了个体命运，变异决定了个体命运，变异决定了个体命运，变异决定了个体命运，变异决定了个体命运，变异决定了个体命运。<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>通讯通讯系统(<s:1> <s:1>通讯通讯系统)、<s:1> <s:1>通讯通讯系统(<s:1> <s:1>通讯通讯系统)、<s:1>地球科学系统(<s:1> <s:1>通讯通讯系统)、<s:1>电子通讯系统(<s:1>电子通讯系统)、<s:1>电子通讯系统(<s:1>电子通讯系统)、<s:1>电子通讯系统(<s:1>电子通讯系统)、<s:1>电子通讯系统(<s:1>电子通讯系统)和<s:1>电子通讯系统(<s:1>电子通讯系统)。我们已经实现了碳森林监测(MCF)、碳森林监测(MCF)、碳森林监测(MCF)、碳森林监测与碳森林监测(MCF)的结合。许多电影工作室在亚洲看到了自己的职业生涯，在拉丁美洲，África。Este estustudio审查了SilvaCarbon的10名参与者，并在机构间方案上编写了cooperación . etacnica del Gobierno de los EE.UU。 在热带国家发展MCF的能力，这些国家历史上参加培训活动的妇女较少，无论是作为参与者还是作为领导人。为了更好地了解妇女在MCF中面临的障碍，我们分析了秘鲁、喀麦隆和尼泊尔妇女的个人故事。交叉框架有助于在三个不同国家的背景下探索影响妇女的性别交叉身份。研究结果表明，在MCF中，人们的机会受到多种身份和环境的影响，这些身份和环境在个人和结构层面上结合在一起，并通过社会构建、归属和感知的身份。
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Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.1505/146554823836838718
D. Kim, V. Ingram
HIGHLIGHTS • International actors and institutions have intervened in the Cameroonian woodfuel sector seeking to increase its sustainability. • Interventions using pathways of international norms and discourses, international rules, and direct access to Cameroonian policy processes have influenced policies and practices in the sector, the latter being the most influential. • Most interventions ignore or don't consider in their interventions that the sector is largely governed by customary and informal market-based rules and sustainability implications. • Positive impacts of international interventions were evidenced, but limited by weaknesses in intervention strategies, gaps and overlaps between institutions and the short-term and small-scale nature of programmes. • Increasing the scale and continuity of interventions, focussing on both multi-sectoral and ministerial approach to woodfuel supply and demand, and participation of local people in woodfuel policy processes are recommended. SUMMARY Although international actors have intervened to improve the management of the Cameroonian woodfuel sector, the impacts of these interventions have been little explored. This study investigated the influence of international interventions on policy processes and their impacts on the woodfuel actors and resources in Cameroon. Based on a systematically conducted review of English literature and five interviews, and using the international influence pathway framework as a conceptual lens, international norms and discourses, rules, and direct access were found to have influenced woodfuel governance in Cameroon, while direct access to formal laws and policies and by programmes on the ground had more positive but also negative impacts. Due to the nature of the laws and policies which were influenced, the complex national woodfuel context, and the short-term and small-scale characteristics of programmes, positive impacts on actors and resources created by international interventions were limited. These findings lead to recommendations to increase the scale and continuity of the programmes by ensuring more synergies with informal, local and international market-based ‘rules’, such as REDD+ and forest certification; to focus on increasing woodfuel supply and decreasing demand; and to focus more attention on involving and empowering local people in these policy processes. Bien que les acteurs internationaux soient intervenus pour améliorer la gestion du secteur du bois de chauffage au Cameroun, ces interventions n'ont été que peu examinées. Cette étude a considéré l'influence des interventions internationales sur les processus de politique et leurs impacts sur les acteurs et les ressources en bois de chauffage au Cameroun. Basés sur un examen systématique de la littérature en anglais et sur cinq interviews, en utilisant le cadre du chemin emprunté par l'influence internationale comme objectif de mise au point, les normes et les discours internationaux, les règles, et
•国际行动者和机构已经介入喀麦隆的木材燃料行业，寻求提高其可持续性。•利用国际规范和话语、国际规则以及直接参与喀麦隆政策进程的途径进行干预，影响了该部门的政策和做法，后者的影响力最大。•大多数干预措施忽视或没有考虑到该部门在很大程度上受习惯和非正式的市场规则和可持续性影响。•国际干预措施的积极影响得到证实，但受到干预战略的弱点、机构之间的差距和重叠以及方案的短期和小规模性质的限制。•建议增加干预措施的规模和连续性，侧重于多部门和部委对木材燃料供需的处理方法，并建议当地人民参与木材燃料政策进程。虽然国际行动者已经进行了干预，以改善喀麦隆木材燃料部门的管理，但这些干预措施的影响很少得到探讨。本研究调查了国际干预措施对政策进程的影响及其对喀麦隆木材燃料行动者和资源的影响。基于对英语文献进行的系统审查和五次访谈，并使用国际影响途径框架作为概念视角，发现国际规范和话语、规则和直接获取对喀麦隆的木材燃料治理产生了影响，而直接获取正式法律和政策以及通过实地方案产生了更积极的影响，但也有消极的影响。由于受影响的法律和政策的性质、国家木材燃料的复杂情况以及方案的短期和小规模特点，国际干预措施对行动者和资源产生的积极影响有限。根据这些调查结果，建议通过确保与非正式、地方和国际市场“规则”(例如REDD+和森林认证)产生更多协同作用，扩大方案的规模和连续性;重点增加木材燃料供应，减少需求;更多地关注让当地人民参与这些政策进程并赋予他们权力。如果国际社会不采取行动，就会对所有的薪金和薪金进行干预，这些干预不会对所有的薪金和薪金进行审查。对国际干预措施的影响、对政治进程的影响、对行为者的影响、对资源的影响、对喀麦隆国家经济的影响。在英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中，英国和其他国家的面谈中;根据联合国的规定，直接采取行动和采取政治行动，制订方案和采取行动，避免影响和积极因素，主要是采取行动和采取行动。Du做de la自然des lois et des ayant政治影响,Du complexe contexte国家杜波依斯德chauffage et de la特性Du法院terme娇小的中阶梯光栅des项目,les影响我们cre par l 'intervention国际歌苏尔les acteurs等资源是这样的。交换交换交换的建议:交换交换交换的建议:交换交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议:交换交换的建议;让我们在“être en措施”一词中加上“大力关注”、“参与”和“人口自治”、“地方自治”和“政治进程”。关于不同的国际组织(intervención)和不同的国际组织(gestión)和不同的国际组织(leña)和不同的国际组织(Camerún)，关于不同的国际组织(gestión)和不同的国际组织(leña)和不同的国际组织(Camerún)。Este estustudio investigó国际干预措施对经济进程的影响políticos通过对经济部门的干预措施对经济进程的影响leña en Camerún。从德una修订sistematica de la bibliografia en单身y cinco entrevistas y使用el马可de la via de influencia国际队科莫lente概念,se descubrio,拉斯维加斯有关y discursos分析,拉斯维加斯reglas y el acceso导演habian influido en la gobernanza de la莉娜en Camerun mientras,拉斯维加斯repercusiones del acceso导演拉雷y politica正式y de los下尤其el terreno fueron mas positivas, aunque也negativas。 由于自然的法律和政策受到影响,国家背景的复杂性柴火和短期特性和小规模的方案,积极影响国际行动者和干预造成的资源是有限的。这些搭载建议增加规模,确保方案协同工作的连续性规则”与“非正式、当地和国际市场,如REDD +和森林认证,将注意力集中在提高燃料供应和减少需求,人们更加重视参与和赋权,当地居民在这些政治进程。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822836282518
P. Palátová, R. Purwestri, L. Marcineková
HIGHLIGHTS The concept of the forest bioeconomy has received increased attention in the past few years. Forestry is an important sector for further bioeconomy development. Finland has a dedicated bioeconomy strategy that was updated in 2022. The Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic have not yet adopted a national-level dedicated bioeconomy strategy. The Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic are implementing the concept of a forest bioeconomy in several strategic documents. SUMMARY The paper assesses similarities and differences between Finland, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic in terms of their forest bioeconomies. In Finland, which is perceived as a leader in forest bioeconomy, the national bioeconomy strategy was adopted in 2014 and updated in 2022. The Czech and Slovak Republics are following a path towards adopting national forest bioeconomy strategies and have partially adopted bioeconomy principles in other forestry-related strategic documents. The relevant core strategies are, the adoption of the bioeconomy concept in the Czech Republic by the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Low-Carbon Development Strategy of the Slovak Republic. The Czech and Slovak Republics have the potential to utilize the forest sector in order to enable development of their forest bioeconomies in the future. Ce papier évalue les similarités et les différences entre la Finlande, la République Tchèque et la République Slovaque en termes de leurs bioéconomies forestières. En Finlande, perçue comme un modèle en bioéconomie forestière, la stratégie de bioéconomie nationale a été adoptée en 2014 et mise à jour en 2022. Les républiques Tchèque et Slovaque sont en voie d'adopter des stratégies de bioéconomies forestières et ont partiellement adopté des principes de bioéconomie dans d'autres documents stratégiques liés à la forêt. Les stratégies de base pertinentes sont: l'adoption du concept de bioéconomie par le ministère de l'agriculture en République Tchèque et la stratégie de développement à faible taux de carbone dans la République Slovaque. Ces républiques ont le potentiel d'utiliser le secteur forestier pour permettre le développement de bioéconomies forestières futures. El artículo evalúa las similitudes y diferencias entre Finlandia, la República Checa y la República Eslovaca en cuanto a sus bioeconomías forestales. En Finlandia, que se considera un país líder en bioeconomía forestal, la estrategia nacional de bioeconomía se adoptó en 2014 y se actualizó en 2022. Las Repúblicas Checa y Eslovaca se encuentran en una trayectoria hacia la adopción de estrategias nacionales de bioeconomía forestal y han adoptado parcialmente los principios de la bioeconomía en otros documentos estratégicos relacionados con el ámbito forestal. Las principales estrategias son la adopción del concepto de bioeconomía en la República Checa por parte del Ministerio de Agricultura y la estrategia de desarrollo con bajas emisiones de carbono de la República Eslovaca. Las República
森林生物经济的概念在过去几年中受到越来越多的关注。林业是进一步发展生物经济的重要部门。芬兰有一个专门的生物经济战略，于2022年更新。捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国尚未通过国家一级专门的生物经济战略。捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国正在若干战略文件中实施森林生物经济的概念。本文评估了芬兰、捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国在森林生物经济方面的异同。芬兰被认为是森林生物经济的领导者，2014年通过了国家生物经济战略，并于2022年进行了更新。捷克和斯洛伐克共和国正在采取国家森林生物经济战略，并在其他与森林有关的战略文件中部分采用了生物经济原则。相关的核心战略是:捷克共和国农业部采用生物经济理念，斯洛伐克共和国实施低碳发展战略。捷克和斯洛伐克共和国有潜力利用森林部门，以便在未来发展其森林生物经济。纸上的交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换交换。在芬兰，2014年和2022年，各国的生物经济和生物经济战略分别为:公共技术和斯洛伐克交换交换系统(交换交换系统(交换交换系统))和交换交换系统(交换交换系统(交换交换系统))采用生物交换交换系统的原则，并编写文件(交换交换系统(交换交换系统))。德莱斯策略基本合理的是:l 'adoption du概念de bioeconomie par le ministere de l 'agriculture en广场Tcheque等策略德发展faible taux de痈在共和国Slovaque。生物技术的发展和生物技术的发展对林业的未来具有潜在的利用价值。El artículo evalúa与芬兰的相似之处不同，la República Checa与la República Eslovaca与cuanto和sus bioeconomías forestales相似。芬兰，que se considera un país líder En bioeconomía forestal, la estrategia national de bioeconomía se adoptó En 2014 y se actualizó En 2022。Las Repúblicas巴西和巴西通过通过特别的关于国家林业战略(adopción)和国家林业战略(ámbito forest)的原则(bioeconomía)和其他文件(国家林业战略与国家林业战略与国家林业战略与国家林业战略与国家林业战略与国家林业战略与国家林业战略与国家林业战略与国家林业战略与国家林业战略)的原则。关于战略原则的建议:adopción关于bioeconomía和República关于农业部长关于碳排放的建议的建议:República Eslovaca。Las Repúblicas捷克共和国和斯洛伐克共和国潜在的准利用部门森林共同体的形式许可的森林共同体的建立bioeconomías未来的森林共同体。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822836282536
S. Ji, S. Shin, Y. Lee
HIGHLIGHTS North Korea can draw valuable lessons from the successful reforestation experiences of South Korea, given that the two countries have a similar ecology, ecosystem services and climate. Success factors of forest restoration in South Korea include the pan-national campaign, efficient governance, alternative energy industry, food production enhancement and international support. North Korea has launched a pan-national campaign, mobilized social resources, developed renewable energy industries and cooperated with international communities. An integrated approach is necessary for the success of reforestation in North Korea as it is either directly or indirectly connected to various factors such as food security, energy supply and demand and climate change. Comprehensive agricultural and rural development in agroforestry projects will help to implement forest restoration policies in North Korea efficiently and effectively. SUMMARY In order to promote forest restoration in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea), the research investigated the reforestation experience of the Republic of Korea (South Korea), promoted as part of the Saemaul Undong movement in the 1970s. The key success factors of reforestation in South Korea include the pan-national campaign, efficient governance for social resource mobilization, development of the alternative energy industry, food production enhancement and great international support. North Korea has also launched a pan-national campaign, mobilized social resources, is developing renewable energy industries, and has cooperated with international communities. However, because reforestation in North Korea is directly or indirectly connected to various factors such as food security, energy supply and demand, and climate change, an integrated approach is necessary as a model for cooperative development to achieve the desired outcomes of forest restoration policies. Further, comprehensive agricultural and rural development, especially agroforestry projects, are required to implement forest restoration policies in North Korea efficiently and effectively. La recherche a examiné l'expérience de reboisement de la République de Corée (Corée du Sud), perçue comme appartenant au mouvement Saemaul Undong des années 70, afin de promouvoir la restauration forestière en République Populaire Démocratique de Corée (Corée du Nord). Les facteurs-clé du succès du reboisement en Corée du Sud incluent une campagne pan-nationale, une mobilisation d'une gestion efficace des ressources sociales, un développement d'une industrie d'énergie alternative, une fortification de la production alimentaire et un fort support international. La Corée du Nord a également lancé une campagne pan-nationale. Elle a mobilisé des ressources sociales, développe des industries d'énergie renouvelable, et a coopéré avec des communautés internationales. Cependant, du fait des connexions directes, ou indirectes du reboisement en Corée du Nord à
朝鲜可以从韩国成功的再造林经验中吸取宝贵的经验，因为两国拥有相似的生态、生态系统服务和气候。韩国森林恢复的成功因素包括泛国家运动、有效治理、替代能源产业、粮食生产的提高和国际支持。朝鲜发起了全民运动，动员了社会资源，发展了可再生能源产业，并与国际社会进行了合作。北韩的再造林与粮食安全、能源供求、气候变化等多种因素直接或间接相关，因此，要想取得成功，必须采取综合对策。农林业项目中的农业和农村综合发展将有助于朝鲜有效地实施森林恢复政策。为了促进朝鲜民主主义人民共和国(朝鲜)的森林恢复，本研究调查了大韩民国(南朝鲜)的重新造林经验，这是20世纪70年代新村运动的一部分。韩国造林成功的关键因素包括全国范围内的运动、有效的社会资源动员治理、替代能源产业的发展、粮食生产的提高和国际社会的大力支持。朝鲜还开展了泛国民运动，动员了社会资源，正在开发可再生能源产业，并与国际社会进行了合作。然而，由于朝鲜的再造林与粮食安全、能源供需和气候变化等多种因素直接或间接相关，因此有必要采用综合方法作为合作发展的模式，以实现森林恢复政策的预期成果。此外，需要全面的农业和农村发展，特别是农林业项目，以高效率和有效地执行朝鲜的森林恢复政策。研究和审查关于重新组织公共的科尔萨梅(南方的科尔萨梅)的经验、关于重新组织公共的科尔萨梅(南方的科尔萨梅)的新行动、关于重新组织公共的科尔萨梅(南方的科尔萨梅)的恢复林业活动的研究。“南方转型成功的要素”包括“全国统一运动”、“社会资源统一动员”、“工业统一转型”、“生产一体化”和“国际支持”。La corsie du Nord a samgalement lancale one campaign -nationale。社会资源的流动、工业的发展、社会的可再生、社会的交流、社会的交流、社会的交流。独立的，直接联系的，间接联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的，重新联系的此外，在农业和农村发展方面，在林业恢复方面，在农业和农村发展方面，在林业恢复方面，在农业和林业发展方面，特别是在农业和林业项目方面。Con el fin de promover la restauración de los bosques en República Popular Democrática de Corea (Corea del Norte)， esta investigación estudió la experiencia de reforestación de la República de Corea (Corea del Sur)， promovida en el marco del movimiento(新村，Undong) en la dacacada 1970。三个工厂中心分别是:1 . 过渡性通讯协定(过渡性通讯协定)、1 . 社会关系协定(movilización)、2 .工业协定(energías替代性通讯协定)、3 . 过渡性通讯协定(producción)、1 .国际发展协定(campaña)。北苏丹苏丹共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国、危地马拉共和国。在禁运期间，北墨西哥经济合作局(reforestación)直接与工厂间的间接关系、粮食保障局(como)、需求局(energía)和森林合作局(climático)的行政管理、一体化合作局(como)、合作局(políticas de restauración森林合作局)的必要情况。Además，我们需要在农村整体上，包括特别的农林业项目agrícola，特别适用于políticas de restauración森林和北韩的形式效率和效益。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822836282545
E. Atmiş, H. B. Günşen
HIGHLIGHTS Recreational forests provide numerous ecosystem services to society. Ecosystem services are only referenced in higher policy documents on forestry in Turkey. The terms ‘benefits’ and ‘functions of forests’ are used instead of ecosystem services in these documents. More work is needed to integrate ecosystem services into urban and forestry policies. Further scientific studies related to ecosystem services of forests in Turkey are needed. SUMMARY This study assesses to what extent ecosystem services are considered when managing three different types of recreational forests in Turkey. Although the number of scientific studies on ecosystem services provided by forests has increased in recent years, the number of cases defining ecosystem services and elaborating them in the forestry legislation or plans in Turkey is limited. This concept is underused in Turkey due to a lack of attention paid to the global agenda and scientific studies at international and national levels. It was found that protection forests in Turkey included services from all ecosystem services except habitat or supporting services. Nature parks also have services from three categories but none from provisioning services. Finally, urban forests include services from only two categories: regulating and cultural services. Ecosystem services must be considered both in city and forest planning. Even though the management of forests is under the sole responsibility of the General Directorate of Forestry, the municipalities should consider it as one of the main stakeholders in city planning. Finally, scientific studies on forest ecosystem services for healthy cities and citizens should be increased, and results should be implemented. Cette étude évalue jusqu'à quel point les services d'écosystèmes sont pris en compte dans la gestion de trois types différents de forêts récréatives en Turquie. Bien que le nombre d'études scientifiques sur les services d'écosystèmes se soit accru au cours des années récentes, le nombre de cas définissant les services d'écosystèmes et les élaborant dans la législation forestière et les plans en Turquie est limité. Ce concept est sous-utilisé dans ce pays du fait du manque d'attention porté à l'agenda global et aux études scientifiques de niveau national et international. Il émergea de notre étude que les forêts de protection en Turquie incluaient des services provenant de tous les services d'écosystèmes, sauf ceux de soutien ou liés à l'habitat. Les parcs naturels utilisent également des services provenant de trois catégories; aucun provenant des services d'approvisionnement. De plus, les forêts urbaines n'incluaient des services que dans deux catégories: les services de régulation et les services culturels. Les services d'écosystèmes doivent être considérés dans la ville ainsi que dans la planification forestière. Bien que la gestion des forêts soit placée sous la direction seule du Directorat général de la foresterie, les municipalités devraient
休闲森林为社会提供了许多生态系统服务。生态系统服务只在土耳其有关林业的高级政策文件中提到。在这些文件中，使用“森林的效益”和“森林的功能”来代替生态系统服务。需要做更多的工作，将生态系统服务纳入城市和林业政策。需要对土耳其森林的生态系统服务进行进一步的科学研究。本研究评估了在土耳其管理三种不同类型的休闲森林时考虑生态系统服务的程度。虽然近年来关于森林提供的生态系统服务的科学研究数量有所增加，但土耳其在林业立法或计划中界定生态系统服务并加以阐述的案例数量有限。由于缺乏对全球议程和国际和国家一级的科学研究的关注，这一概念在土耳其没有得到充分利用。结果发现，土耳其的防护林包括除生境或辅助服务外的所有生态系统服务。自然公园也有三类服务，但没有供应服务。最后，城市森林只包括两类服务:调节服务和文化服务。在城市和森林规划中都必须考虑生态系统服务。尽管森林管理由林业总局全权负责，但市政当局应将其视为城市规划的主要利益攸关方之一。最后，应加强森林生态系统对健康城市和健康市民服务的科学研究，并将研究成果落到实处。在土耳其，有三种类型的不同的的不同的 - 的不同的 - 的不同的- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -在土耳其，有一项规定是:将所有的职业和职业都归为“职业和职业”，将所有的职业和职业都归为“职业和职业”，将所有的职业和职业都归为“职业和职业”，将所有的职业和职业都归为“职业和职业”。“我们的概念是，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的国家和国际范围内，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的世界范围内，在我们的世界范围内，都是科学的。”1 .在土耳其，将所有的薪金和其他的薪金结合起来，将所有的薪金和其他的薪金和其他的薪金结合起来，将所有的薪金和其他的薪金和其他的薪金结合起来。物品、自然、利用、服务、运输、运输、运输、运输、运输、运输、运输和运输;奥库原产地服务审批。此外，还包括forêts和其他类别的服务:服务和其他类别的服务:服务和其他类别的服务。Les services d' samcosystems doivent être认为，将所有的samcosystems和verilainsi和planification foreti结合起来。按照规定，在林业部门的管理下，在林业部门的管理下，在林业部门的管理下，在市政部门的管理下，在主要缔约方的管理下，在城市的管理下。综上所述，综上所述，在服务的价值方面，在农村和城市的价值方面，在农村和城市的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面，在社会的价值方面。Este estudio evalúa hasta ququest punto se tienen en cuenta los servicios ecosistemicos en la gestión de reses de不同的bosques recreation en Turquía。unque el número de studios científicos sobre de servicios ecosistsamicmicos que proporcicios os samicmicos que proporcios os samicicos queresicicos . últimos años, el número de casos en los queresesdefinios servicios ecosistsamicos vericos desarrollan en la legislación或los planes forestales en Turquía es limitado。Este concepto estest infrautilizado en Turquía debido a la falta de atención que se pressta a la agenda global通过los studios científicos一个nivel国际和国家。请查看comprobó que los bosques de protección de Turquía incluían servicios de todos los ecosistemas，但los servicios de hábitat o de apoyo除外。Los parques naturales tamtamensen servicios de res categorías, percaresde servicios de providiento。贫穷的último，我们的城市包括服务的categorías solamente:文化的服务的regulación。Los servicios ecosis包括农业和农业农业组织(农业和农业组织)和森林组织(planificación)。网站网址:gestión de los boqueses es responidad de la Dirección de boqueses General, los municios deberían考虑到los principales acres uno o de los principales acres en la planificación urbana。Por último, deberían增量损失工作室científicos sorbre损失服务机构de损失生态系统和森林资源para logicalcidades by ciudadanos más saludables，通过应用损失结果。
{"title":"Ecosystem Services in Recreational Forests of Turkey: Analysis of National Forest Policies and Scientific Studies","authors":"E. Atmiş, H. B. Günşen","doi":"10.1505/146554822836282545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822836282545","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Recreational forests provide numerous ecosystem services to society. Ecosystem services are only referenced in higher policy documents on forestry in Turkey. The terms ‘benefits’ and ‘functions of forests’ are used instead of ecosystem services in these documents. More work is needed to integrate ecosystem services into urban and forestry policies. Further scientific studies related to ecosystem services of forests in Turkey are needed. SUMMARY This study assesses to what extent ecosystem services are considered when managing three different types of recreational forests in Turkey. Although the number of scientific studies on ecosystem services provided by forests has increased in recent years, the number of cases defining ecosystem services and elaborating them in the forestry legislation or plans in Turkey is limited. This concept is underused in Turkey due to a lack of attention paid to the global agenda and scientific studies at international and national levels. It was found that protection forests in Turkey included services from all ecosystem services except habitat or supporting services. Nature parks also have services from three categories but none from provisioning services. Finally, urban forests include services from only two categories: regulating and cultural services. Ecosystem services must be considered both in city and forest planning. Even though the management of forests is under the sole responsibility of the General Directorate of Forestry, the municipalities should consider it as one of the main stakeholders in city planning. Finally, scientific studies on forest ecosystem services for healthy cities and citizens should be increased, and results should be implemented. Cette étude évalue jusqu'à quel point les services d'écosystèmes sont pris en compte dans la gestion de trois types différents de forêts récréatives en Turquie. Bien que le nombre d'études scientifiques sur les services d'écosystèmes se soit accru au cours des années récentes, le nombre de cas définissant les services d'écosystèmes et les élaborant dans la législation forestière et les plans en Turquie est limité. Ce concept est sous-utilisé dans ce pays du fait du manque d'attention porté à l'agenda global et aux études scientifiques de niveau national et international. Il émergea de notre étude que les forêts de protection en Turquie incluaient des services provenant de tous les services d'écosystèmes, sauf ceux de soutien ou liés à l'habitat. Les parcs naturels utilisent également des services provenant de trois catégories; aucun provenant des services d'approvisionnement. De plus, les forêts urbaines n'incluaient des services que dans deux catégories: les services de régulation et les services culturels. Les services d'écosystèmes doivent être considérés dans la ville ainsi que dans la planification forestière. Bien que la gestion des forêts soit placée sous la direction seule du Directorat général de la foresterie, les municipalités devraient ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"469 - 485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46267494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822836282473
S. Tambe, G. S. Rawat, P. Krishen, M. K. Ranjitsinh, N. Ghosh, A. S. Rawat, J. Takpa
HIGHLIGHTS The design of India's compensatory afforestation policy is not in alignment with the global best practice principles of ecological restoration. It categorizes all open canopy ecosystems such as grasslands, wetlands and others as degraded and available for afforestation, rather than recognizing them as distinct ecosystems and protecting them from tree expansion drives. Furthermore, it prescribes a uniform approach of planting of 1 000 trees per hectare instead of highlighting a range of restoration approaches, i.e. natural, assisted, restorative. Before initiating afforestation, it does not examine ending the causes of degradation thereby adversely impacting the permanence of the conservation outcomes. It suffers from weak community involvement and inclusive stakeholder participation. A paradigm shift in the policy design from its present afforestation focus to an ecological restoration regime is recommended. SUMMARY India is on track to meet the Bonn Challenge pledge by showcasing its ambitious compensatory afforestation programme. But a question remains regarding the extent to which this programme has achieved the restoration of degraded forests. Using the lens of ecological restoration, mitigation hierarchy and compensatory conservation, the performance of compensatory afforestation policy in India is analyzed. It was found that this policy has significant shortcomings, namely, (i) it does not stipulate ending the drivers of degradation as a pre-condition before initiating afforestation, (ii) it permits only a uniform reconstructive afforestation approach, and (iii) it does not provide guidance on the selection of sites and species for plantation. Evidence from field evaluation studies points to poor restoration outcomes owing to the selection of unsuitable sites, preference for hardy species, poor plant survival, lack of community involvement and inconsistent monitoring. A revision of the compensatory afforestation policy is recommended by graduating to an ecological restoration regime if the country is to meet its international commitments of forest landscape restoration, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. L'Inde est en passe de parvenir à l'accord du défi de Bonn, en exposant son programme ambitieux de boisement compensatoire. Une question demeure cependant quant à l'échelle du succès de ce programme de restauration des forêts dégradées. En utilisant les viseurs de la restauration écologique, de la hiérarchie d'atténuation et de la conservation compensatoire, la performance de la politique de boisement compensatoire en Inde est analysée. Des lacunes signifiantes se révélèrent dans cette politique: (i) elle ne stipule pas une interdiction des agents de dégradation comme une condition préalable à l'initiation du boisement, (ii) elle n'autorise qu'une approche de boisement reconstructif uniforme, et, (iii), elle n'offre aucun conseil sur la sélection des sites et des espèces pour la plantation. Des preuves recueillie
印度补偿性造林政策的设计不符合全球生态恢复的最佳实践原则。它将所有开放的树冠生态系统，如草地、湿地和其他可用于植树造林的退化生态系统分类，而不是将它们视为独特的生态系统，并保护它们免受树木扩张的驱动。此外，它规定了一种统一的方法，即每公顷种植1000棵树，而不是强调一系列恢复方法，即自然、辅助、恢复。在开始植树造林之前，它没有审查结束退化的原因，从而对保护结果的持久性产生不利影响。社区参与和包容性利益相关者参与薄弱。建议将政策设计的模式从目前的造林重点转向生态恢复制度。印度正在通过展示其雄心勃勃的补偿性造林方案来实现“波恩挑战”的承诺。但是，这个方案在多大程度上实现了退化森林的恢复，仍然存在一个问题。从生态恢复、缓解层次和补偿性保护的角度，分析了印度补偿性造林政策的效果。研究发现，这一政策有明显的缺点，即:(1)它没有规定结束退化的驱动因素作为开始造林的先决条件;(2)它只允许统一的重建造林方法;(3)它没有提供关于造林地点和物种选择的指导。来自实地评价研究的证据表明，由于选择了不合适的地点、偏爱耐寒物种、植物存活率低、缺乏社区参与和不一致的监测，恢复结果不佳。如果该国要履行其在森林景观恢复、生物多样性养护和碳封存方面的国际承诺，建议修订补偿性造林政策，逐步过渡到生态恢复制度。在波恩，我们已经通过了一项新的协议，即关于补偿方案的雄心壮志。有一个问题是关于与)的成功方案的成功的数量问题。在这方面，我们有以下几个方面的经验:一是游客的健康状况，二是他们的健康状况，三是他们的健康状况，三是他们的健康状况。根据规定的意义，将所有的人都视为与其他国家的人;(一)将所有的人都视为与其他国家的人;(二)将所有的人都视为与其他国家的人;(三)将所有的人都视为与其他国家的人;(三)将所有的人都视为与其他国家的人;(三)将所有的人都视为与其他国家的人。它通常是指，在地形暴露的情况下，将所有的samas和samas结合在一起，将所有的samas和samas结合在一起，将所有的samas和samas结合在一起，将所有的samas和samas结合在一起，将所有的samas和samas结合在一起，将所有的samas和samas结合在一起，将所有的samas和samas结合在一起，将所有的samas和samas结合在一起。一项补偿性补偿政策规定了补偿性补偿和建议性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿，一项补偿性补偿规定了补偿性补偿。印度estestinencaminada和德国波恩协议(Desafío)、德国波恩协议(presentación)和德国补偿方案(forestación)。Queda la duda sin禁运de hasta questar punto este程序，该程序的结果是餐馆失去了退化。El desempeño de la política de forestación compensatoria en la India se analizza El prisma de la restauración ecológica, la jerarquía de mitigación y la conservación compensatoria。Se constato, esta politica这个重要deficiencias,军刀:(i)没有estipula, Se ponga鳍危险因素de degradacion科莫身体前置对位iniciar la forestacion;(ii) sólo允许联合国制服特遣队forestación重建;(iii)第selección条规定的不适用条款，第plantación条规定的不适用条款。调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:调查结果:这些建议包括:revisión关于política关于forestación关于进化补偿的建议:restauración ecológica关于país关于森林补偿的建议:país关于生物多样性的建议:restauración关于森林补偿的建议:conservación关于生物多样性的建议:conservación关于碳安全的建议。
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Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822836282554
S.G. Bugabo, R. Bitariho, M. Twinamatsiko
HIGHLIGHTS Recognition and respect for tenure and resource rights is fundamental for good conservation outcomes. Failure to recognise and respect community forest rights contributes to deforestation. Poverty conditions compel local community members to violate CFM agreements regarding forest resource access rights. Livelihood support among forest adjacent communities is vital to foster recognition and respect for forest and tenure rights for conservation of Echuya. Enforcement of stringent punitive measures on unauthorised forest resource users is paramount to prevent degradation of the forest reserve. SUMMARY Recognition and respect for tenure and forest resource rights has long been considered essential for policy makers in order to promote forest conservation, and several initiatives have been undertaken to promote recognition and respect for such rights. One such initiative was the introduction of Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) in Echuya Central Forest Reserve in south-western Uganda. This study used cross sectional and explanatory research designs to assess the influence of recognition and respect for resource rights under CFM for the conservation of Echuya. Results showed that community members' resource access rights are generally respected by the National Forestry Authority (NFA). Recognition and respect for tenure and forest resource rights have a significant positive influence on forest conservation. However, conspiracy between community members and Government forestry officials undermined the essence of collaboration. Poverty exhibited by inadequate access to food compelled local community members to violate CFM agreements. Strengthening alternative livelihood support projects among forest adjacent communities is vital in order to support forest conservation. La reconnaissance et le respect du droit foncier et des ressources forestières ont longtemps été considérés comme essentiels par les créateurs de politiques pour promouvoir la conservation forestière, et plusieurs initiatives ont été entreprises pour encourager la reconnaissance et le respect de tels droits. Une de ces initiatives a été l'introduction de la Gestion forestière collaborative (CFM) dans la réserve forestière de l'Echuya Central dans le sud-ouest de l'Ouganda. Cette étude a utilisé des schémas de recherche explicative et transversale pour évaluer l'influence de la reconnaissance et du respect des droits aux ressources sous la CFM, pour la conservation de l'Echuya. Les résultats ont démontré que les droits d'accès des membres de la communauté aux ressources forestières, sont généralement respectés par l'Autorité nationale forestière (NFA). La reconnaissance et le respect du droit foncier et de celui de l'accès aux ressources forestières ont une influence positive significative dans la conservation forestière. Toutefois, la conspiration entre les membres de la communauté et le personnel officiel de la foresterie gouvernementale a miné l'essence de la collaboratio
承认和尊重权属和资源权利是取得良好保护成果的基础。不承认和尊重社区森林权利导致了森林砍伐。贫困状况迫使当地社区成员违反CFM关于森林资源获取权的协议。森林邻近社区的生计支持对于促进对保护鄂丘亚森林和权属权利的承认和尊重至关重要。对未经授权的森林资源使用者实施严厉的惩罚措施，对于防止森林保护区的退化至关重要。承认和尊重保有权和森林资源权利长期以来被认为是决策者促进森林养护的必要条件，已经采取了若干倡议来促进承认和尊重这些权利。其中一项倡议是在乌干达西南部的Echuya中央森林保护区推行合作森林管理(CFM)。本研究采用横断面和解释性研究设计，评估在CFM下承认和尊重资源权利对鄂丘亚保护的影响。结果表明，国家林业局总体上尊重社区成员的资源使用权。承认和尊重权属和森林资源权利对森林养护具有重大的积极影响。然而，社区成员和政府林业官员之间的阴谋破坏了合作的实质。无法获得食物所表现出的贫困迫使当地社区成员违反CFM协议。加强森林邻近社区的替代生计支助项目对于支持森林保护至关重要。杜拉侦察等le尊重所有权foncier et des ressources弗赖斯节安大略省的简陋的疾病考虑像essentiels par les createurs de倒promouvoir La保护forestiere,政治等几个项目位于安大略省企业它那儿le尊重de运输、侦察等所有权。其中一项倡议是:联合引进森林系统(CFM)、联合引进森林系统(echuya)、联合引进森林系统(Central)、联合引进森林系统(suds)和联合引进森林系统(suds)。将所有的薪金作为交换，将所有的薪金作为交换，将所有的薪金作为交换，将所有的薪金作为交换，将所有的薪金作为交换，将所有的薪金作为交换，将所有的薪金作为交换。“国家林业资源公社成员的权利”指的是，“国家林业资源公社成员的权利”指的是“国家林业资源公社成员的权利”。对资源森林的调查和尊重，对资源森林的调查和保护森林的调查，对保护森林产生了积极的、有意义的影响。因此，我们有“社会成员的阴谋”、“林业政府的人事官员”和“合作的本质”。全国政协委员、全国政协委员、全国政协委员、全国政协委员、全国政协委员、全国政协委员、全国政协委员、全国政协委员、全国政协委员。这将是一个非常重要的项目，它提供了一种替代方案，以维持生存，并加强对森林的保护。在此基础上，双方的合作关系将进一步扩大，双方的合作关系将进一步扩大，双方的合作关系将进一步扩大，双方的合作关系将进一步扩大，双方的合作关系将进一步扩大，双方的合作关系将进一步扩大。森林合作组织(森林合作组织)、厄瓜多尔森林中心保留地和乌干达调查中心的倡议组织introducción和Gestión。Este estustudio utilizó diseños de investigación通过明确的研究目标，通过对研究对象的研究，评估研究对象对经济发展的影响，以及对经济发展的影响。全国森林管理局(全国森林管理局，全国森林管理局，全国森林管理局，全国森林管理局，全国森林管理局，全国森林管理局，全国森林管理局，全国森林管理局，全国森林管理局)。研究结果表明，经济发展对经济发展的影响显著高于经济发展对经济发展的影响。在禁运期间，网址confabulación由政府职能部门管理的社会信息中心socavó网址colaboración。我的家乡有一个地方，我的家乡有一个地方，我的家乡有一个地方，我的家乡有一个地方。国家能源项目、能源替代媒介、能源替代中心、能源替代中心、能源替代中心、能源替代中心、能源替代中心、能源替代中心、能源替代中心、能源替代中心、能源替代中心、能源替代中心和能源替代中心。
{"title":"Can Recognition and Respect of Forest Resource Rights Save Echuya Central Forest Reserve? A Precursor for Appropriate Collaborative Forest Management","authors":"S.G. Bugabo, R. Bitariho, M. Twinamatsiko","doi":"10.1505/146554822836282554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822836282554","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Recognition and respect for tenure and resource rights is fundamental for good conservation outcomes. Failure to recognise and respect community forest rights contributes to deforestation. Poverty conditions compel local community members to violate CFM agreements regarding forest resource access rights. Livelihood support among forest adjacent communities is vital to foster recognition and respect for forest and tenure rights for conservation of Echuya. Enforcement of stringent punitive measures on unauthorised forest resource users is paramount to prevent degradation of the forest reserve. SUMMARY Recognition and respect for tenure and forest resource rights has long been considered essential for policy makers in order to promote forest conservation, and several initiatives have been undertaken to promote recognition and respect for such rights. One such initiative was the introduction of Collaborative Forest Management (CFM) in Echuya Central Forest Reserve in south-western Uganda. This study used cross sectional and explanatory research designs to assess the influence of recognition and respect for resource rights under CFM for the conservation of Echuya. Results showed that community members' resource access rights are generally respected by the National Forestry Authority (NFA). Recognition and respect for tenure and forest resource rights have a significant positive influence on forest conservation. However, conspiracy between community members and Government forestry officials undermined the essence of collaboration. Poverty exhibited by inadequate access to food compelled local community members to violate CFM agreements. Strengthening alternative livelihood support projects among forest adjacent communities is vital in order to support forest conservation. La reconnaissance et le respect du droit foncier et des ressources forestières ont longtemps été considérés comme essentiels par les créateurs de politiques pour promouvoir la conservation forestière, et plusieurs initiatives ont été entreprises pour encourager la reconnaissance et le respect de tels droits. Une de ces initiatives a été l'introduction de la Gestion forestière collaborative (CFM) dans la réserve forestière de l'Echuya Central dans le sud-ouest de l'Ouganda. Cette étude a utilisé des schémas de recherche explicative et transversale pour évaluer l'influence de la reconnaissance et du respect des droits aux ressources sous la CFM, pour la conservation de l'Echuya. Les résultats ont démontré que les droits d'accès des membres de la communauté aux ressources forestières, sont généralement respectés par l'Autorité nationale forestière (NFA). La reconnaissance et le respect du droit foncier et de celui de l'accès aux ressources forestières ont une influence positive significative dans la conservation forestière. Toutefois, la conspiration entre les membres de la communauté et le personnel officiel de la foresterie gouvernementale a miné l'essence de la collaboratio","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"486 - 516"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48081467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822836282527
T. Deniz, A. Paletto
HIGHLIGHTS The circular bioeconomy is a key concept to improve the performance of the forest-based sector in Turkey. A set of indicators to assess the performance of the forest-wood chain at local scale was developed. The proposed indicators consider the three pillars and the 4R fremawork of the circular bioeconomy. The indicators were tested in two districts in Konya Province (Turkey) to evaluate their applicability and replicability in other contexts. The indicators developed in this study are suitable and easily replicable in other countries. SUMMARY The concept of the circular bioeconomy is becoming increasingly important for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development worldwide. The aim of this study is to develop a set of indicators suitable to monitor the implementation of the circular bioeconomy principles in the forest-based sector. The indicators were defined considering the 4R framework and tested in a case study in Konya Province, Turkey. The data to calculate the indicators were collected through the administration of a questionnaire to wood processing enterprises in the study area. The results show that the majority of roundwood processed by enterprises and the workforce are locally sourced. Two strengths of the forest-based sector are the high average productive yield and the economically efficient allocation of wood residues for panels and bioenergy production. Conversely, the main weaknesses are the low amount of certified roundwood processed and the high CO2 emissions due to the transport of wood materials. Considering the results of this study, the current situation in Konya Province could be improved through an enhancement of the Chain of Custody (CoC) certification for both local roundwood and wood residues. Le concept d'une bioéconomie circulaire prend une importance croissante dans la mise à exécution de l'Agenda pour un développement durable dans le monde de 2030. Le but de cette étude est de développer un groupe d'indicateurs capables de gérer la mise en pratique des principes de bioéconomie circulaire dans le secteur basé sur la forêt. Ces indicateurs ont été définis en considérant le cadre 4R et testés dans une étude-cas dans la province de Konya en Turquie. Les données utilisées pour calculer ces indicateurs ont été recueillies à l'aide d'un questionnaire soumis aux entreprises de transformation du bois dans la région d'étude. Les résultats montrent que la majorité du bois-rond transformé par les entreprises est obtenu localement, ainsi que la main-d'œuvre. Deux forces du secteur basé sur la forêt sont la forte moyenne de production et l'allocation économiquement efficace des résidus de bois à la production de panneaux et à la production de bioénergie. Néanmoins, ses principales faiblesses sont le taux infime de bois certifié dans la chaîne et les fortes émissions de CO2 dues au transport des matériaux boisés. Si l'on considère les résultats de cette étude, la situation actuelle dans la province d
强调循环生物经济是改善土耳其森林部门绩效的关键概念。制定了一套指标，以评估当地森林木材链的性能。拟议指标考虑了循环生物经济的三大支柱和第四大风险。这些指标在科尼亚省（土耳其）的两个地区进行了测试，以评估其在其他情况下的适用性和可复制性。本研究中制定的指标适用于其他国家，易于复制。循环生物经济的概念对执行《2030年全球可持续发展议程》越来越重要。本研究的目的是制定一套适当的指标，以监测森林部门循环生物经济原则的执行情况。这些指标的定义考虑了4R框架，并在土耳其科尼亚省的一项案例研究中进行了测试。计算指标的数据是通过对研究区域木材加工企业进行问卷调查收集的。结果表明，企业和劳动力加工的大部分圆木都来自当地。以森林为基础的部门的两大优势是面板和生物能源生产的平均生产产量高和木材残渣的经济高效分配。坦率地说，主要缺陷是经认证的圆木加工量低，木材材料运输产生的二氧化碳排放量高。考虑到这项研究的结果，科尼亚省目前的情况可以通过加强当地圆木和木材残渣的监管链（COC）认证来改善。循环生物经济的概念在实施2030年世界可持续发展议程方面越来越重要。本研究的目的是制定一组指标，以管理循环生物经济原则在森林部门的实际应用。这些指标是根据4R框架确定的，并在土耳其科尼亚省的一项案例研究中进行了测试。用于计算这些指标的数据是通过向研究区域的木材加工商提交的问卷收集的。结果表明，公司加工的大部分木材都是在当地获得的，劳动力也是如此。以森林为基础的部门的两个优势是高平均产量和将木材残渣经济高效地分配给面板生产和生物能源生产。然而，其主要弱点是链中认证木材的比例很低，以及运输木质材料产生的二氧化碳排放量很高。考虑到这项研究的结果，科尼亚省目前的情况可以通过加强当地圆木和木材残渣的控制链认证（COC）来改善。《生物经济循环概念》对执行《2030年世界可持续发展议程》最为重要。El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar是森林部门循环生物经济原则应用的指标集合。Los indicadores se definieron teniendo en cuenta el marco de las 4r y se probaron en un estudio de caso en la provincia de konya（图尔基亚）。Los datos para calcular Los indicadores se recogieron mediante un cuestionario a empresas de transformación de la madera de la zona de estudio。Los resultados muestran，市长从马德拉出发，前往当地的商业和起源地。Dos puntos fuertes del sector forestal son el alto rendimiento productivo promedio y la asignación eficiente en el aspecto económico de los residuos de madera para la producción de paneles y bioenergía。相反，主要问题是马德拉材料运输的二氧化碳排放量。Teniendo en cuenta los resultados de este estudio，la situación actual en la provincia de konya podría受益人de una mejora de la certificación de la cadena de custodia（CDC）tanto para la madera en rollo local como para los residuos de madera。
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