Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941913
T. Bauer
HIGHLIGHTS Role of Indigenous peoples in forest use and management and climate change debates is increasingly recognized. MCA associated publications on adaptation strategies, mostly related to NTFPs, with reactive measures, driven by Indigenous peoples, integrating TEK and climate sensitivity. MCA associated publications on mitigation strategies, mostly REDD+ projects, with proactive and external measures, largely omitting information on the sensitivity of the studied Indigenous group and involvement of TEK. Acknowledgement of Indigenous peoples, forest dependence, and TEK stronger in NAPs than in NDCs. Mitigation projects could likely benefit from a more inclusive approach by integrating sensitivity analysis and context-specific TEK. SUMMARY The global diversity of forest use and management responses of forest-dependent Indigenous peoples to climate change remains poorly understood and lacks synthesis. Yet, such knowledge is essential for informed policy decisions and inclusive mitigation strategies. Through a systematic literature review, forest-dependent Indigenous peoples' responses to climate change and extreme weather events were analysed, including the prevalence of the strategies, their drivers, the role of sensitivity to climate change and the integration of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in forest use and management. Also, an assessment was made of how forest dependence and traditional knowledge are acknowledged in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). The results show knowledge clusters around coping and adaptation, mitigation, and joint strategies in North and South America and Asia. Multiple Correspondence Analysis showed that articles documenting adaptation strategies were associated to a reactive response time, Indigenous peoples as drivers and the integration of TEK and information on their climate sensitivity. The diversity of applied strategies found, mostly related to non-timber forest products (NTFPs), comprised ecologically sustainable and unsustainable practices. Mitigation strategies, mostly REDD+ projects, which were significantly associated with proactive and external initiatives, largely omitted information on the sensitivity of the studied Indigenous group and the involvement of traditional knowledge. Joint strategies seem to be a good compromise of participatory efforts and were largely linked to integrating Indigenous peoples' traditional knowledge. Knowledge gaps include evidence of forest-related resilient livelihood strategies. Future research should focus on participatory and sustainable climate measures, the role of TEK and the drivers for the success of forest-related climate responses, as well as the potential effectiveness of joint adaptation-mitigation measures for forest-dependent Indigenous peoples on a global scale. La diversité de l'utilisation des forêts et des réponses de gestion au changement climatique par les peuples Indigènes dépendantes de la forê
{"title":"Adjustments in Indigenous Peoples' Forest Use and Management in the Context of Climate Change: A Global Systematic Literature Review","authors":"T. Bauer","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941913","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Role of Indigenous peoples in forest use and management and climate change debates is increasingly recognized. MCA associated publications on adaptation strategies, mostly related to NTFPs, with reactive measures, driven by Indigenous peoples, integrating TEK and climate sensitivity. MCA associated publications on mitigation strategies, mostly REDD+ projects, with proactive and external measures, largely omitting information on the sensitivity of the studied Indigenous group and involvement of TEK. Acknowledgement of Indigenous peoples, forest dependence, and TEK stronger in NAPs than in NDCs. Mitigation projects could likely benefit from a more inclusive approach by integrating sensitivity analysis and context-specific TEK. SUMMARY The global diversity of forest use and management responses of forest-dependent Indigenous peoples to climate change remains poorly understood and lacks synthesis. Yet, such knowledge is essential for informed policy decisions and inclusive mitigation strategies. Through a systematic literature review, forest-dependent Indigenous peoples' responses to climate change and extreme weather events were analysed, including the prevalence of the strategies, their drivers, the role of sensitivity to climate change and the integration of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in forest use and management. Also, an assessment was made of how forest dependence and traditional knowledge are acknowledged in Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and National Adaptation Plans (NAPs). The results show knowledge clusters around coping and adaptation, mitigation, and joint strategies in North and South America and Asia. Multiple Correspondence Analysis showed that articles documenting adaptation strategies were associated to a reactive response time, Indigenous peoples as drivers and the integration of TEK and information on their climate sensitivity. The diversity of applied strategies found, mostly related to non-timber forest products (NTFPs), comprised ecologically sustainable and unsustainable practices. Mitigation strategies, mostly REDD+ projects, which were significantly associated with proactive and external initiatives, largely omitted information on the sensitivity of the studied Indigenous group and the involvement of traditional knowledge. Joint strategies seem to be a good compromise of participatory efforts and were largely linked to integrating Indigenous peoples' traditional knowledge. Knowledge gaps include evidence of forest-related resilient livelihood strategies. Future research should focus on participatory and sustainable climate measures, the role of TEK and the drivers for the success of forest-related climate responses, as well as the potential effectiveness of joint adaptation-mitigation measures for forest-dependent Indigenous peoples on a global scale. La diversité de l'utilisation des forêts et des réponses de gestion au changement climatique par les peuples Indigènes dépendantes de la forê","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"269 - 297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47573941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941922
A. Rawluk, A. Sanders, T. Yuwati, D. Rachmanadi, N. Izazaya, N. Yulianti, N. Sakuntaladewi, A. Dyson, L. Graham, A. Kunarso, Z. Damanik, R. Farquharson, S. Lestari, T. Angga, A. Ardhana, B. Winarno, A. Sinclair, Y. Francisca, S. Hakim, R. S. Wahyuningtyas, Junaidah, D. Alimah, G. Margasetha, W. Halwany, B. Rahmanto, Siswadi, Supriyadi, B. Hermawan, A. Musthofa, P. Sidauruk, Y. Bay, F. Lestari, S. Grover
HIGHLIGHTS Adaptive doing was utilised for developing a shared understanding, of tropical peatswamp restoration and fire in Indonesia. Research participants described different understanding of tropical peatswamp forests and fire. Participants' experiences, training, and culture (Indigenous and non-Indigenous) shaped their individual understanding. The shared understanding of the team was different than the individual understanding of each participant. Adaptive doing can help to link conservation practices, recognise different assumptions, decolonise research, and engage Indigenous and local communities. SUMMARY Indigenous and traditional peoples, practitioners and researchers navigate complex social ecological landscapes. The importance of dialogue across cultures, languages, disciplines, and forms of knowledge is increasingly recognised as needed in landscape restoration and environmental governance at multiple scales. A process called adaptive doing was used in two workshops in South Kalimantan Province, followed by remote collaboration among team members in Indonesia and Australia. Examining the breadth of differences in culture, language and knowledge, and recognising assumptions and disciplinary training, enabled each participant to develop a shared understanding of tropical peatswamp forest restoration and fires. The shared understanding extended beyond each participant's original conception and provided a collective vision that brought together the different knowledges, cultural and disciplinary backgrounds, while acting as a point of orientation for the work and purpose within a research project. The experience gained through adaptive doing has led to important collaborative changes in the project and can support future interdisciplinary teams to achieve collaborative practice change and a shared understanding of context. Masyarakat adat dan tradisional, praktisi dan peneliti menavigasi lanskap ekologi sosial yang kompleks. Pentingnya dialog lintas budaya, bahasa, disiplin, dan bentuk pengetahuan semakin diakui sebagai kebutuhan dalam restorasi lanskap dan tata kelola lingkungan pada berbagai skala. Kami menggunakan proses yang disebut “adaptive doing” di dua lokakarya di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, diikuti dengan kolaborasi jarak jauh antara anggota tim di Indonesia dan Australia. Meneliti luasnya perbedaan dalam budaya, bahasa dan pengetahuan, dan mengenali asumsi dan pelatihan disipliner kami sendiri, memungkinkan kami untuk mengembangkan pemahaman bersama tentang restorasi dan kebakaran rawa gambut hutan tropis. Pemahaman bersama ini, melampaui konsepsi asli masing-masing peserta dan memberikan visi kolektif yang menyatukan pengetahuan, latar belakang budaya, dan disiplin kami yang berbeda, menjadi sebuah titik orientasi untuk pekerjaan dan tujuan kami dalam proyek penelitian ini. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu memperluas dan menyempurnakan proses yang dimulai pada lokakarya ini untuk hubungan kolaboratif dan timbal balik jangka panja
{"title":"Finding Common Ground: Developing a Shared Understanding of Tropical Peatswamp Forest Restoration and Fires Across Culture, Language, and Discipline","authors":"A. Rawluk, A. Sanders, T. Yuwati, D. Rachmanadi, N. Izazaya, N. Yulianti, N. Sakuntaladewi, A. Dyson, L. Graham, A. Kunarso, Z. Damanik, R. Farquharson, S. Lestari, T. Angga, A. Ardhana, B. Winarno, A. Sinclair, Y. Francisca, S. Hakim, R. S. Wahyuningtyas, Junaidah, D. Alimah, G. Margasetha, W. Halwany, B. Rahmanto, Siswadi, Supriyadi, B. Hermawan, A. Musthofa, P. Sidauruk, Y. Bay, F. Lestari, S. Grover","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941922","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Adaptive doing was utilised for developing a shared understanding, of tropical peatswamp restoration and fire in Indonesia. Research participants described different understanding of tropical peatswamp forests and fire. Participants' experiences, training, and culture (Indigenous and non-Indigenous) shaped their individual understanding. The shared understanding of the team was different than the individual understanding of each participant. Adaptive doing can help to link conservation practices, recognise different assumptions, decolonise research, and engage Indigenous and local communities. SUMMARY Indigenous and traditional peoples, practitioners and researchers navigate complex social ecological landscapes. The importance of dialogue across cultures, languages, disciplines, and forms of knowledge is increasingly recognised as needed in landscape restoration and environmental governance at multiple scales. A process called adaptive doing was used in two workshops in South Kalimantan Province, followed by remote collaboration among team members in Indonesia and Australia. Examining the breadth of differences in culture, language and knowledge, and recognising assumptions and disciplinary training, enabled each participant to develop a shared understanding of tropical peatswamp forest restoration and fires. The shared understanding extended beyond each participant's original conception and provided a collective vision that brought together the different knowledges, cultural and disciplinary backgrounds, while acting as a point of orientation for the work and purpose within a research project. The experience gained through adaptive doing has led to important collaborative changes in the project and can support future interdisciplinary teams to achieve collaborative practice change and a shared understanding of context. Masyarakat adat dan tradisional, praktisi dan peneliti menavigasi lanskap ekologi sosial yang kompleks. Pentingnya dialog lintas budaya, bahasa, disiplin, dan bentuk pengetahuan semakin diakui sebagai kebutuhan dalam restorasi lanskap dan tata kelola lingkungan pada berbagai skala. Kami menggunakan proses yang disebut “adaptive doing” di dua lokakarya di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, diikuti dengan kolaborasi jarak jauh antara anggota tim di Indonesia dan Australia. Meneliti luasnya perbedaan dalam budaya, bahasa dan pengetahuan, dan mengenali asumsi dan pelatihan disipliner kami sendiri, memungkinkan kami untuk mengembangkan pemahaman bersama tentang restorasi dan kebakaran rawa gambut hutan tropis. Pemahaman bersama ini, melampaui konsepsi asli masing-masing peserta dan memberikan visi kolektif yang menyatukan pengetahuan, latar belakang budaya, dan disiplin kami yang berbeda, menjadi sebuah titik orientasi untuk pekerjaan dan tujuan kami dalam proyek penelitian ini. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu memperluas dan menyempurnakan proses yang dimulai pada lokakarya ini untuk hubungan kolaboratif dan timbal balik jangka panja","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"426 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49614705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941931
S. Wyatt, J. Bulkan, W. De Jong, M. Gabay
HIGHLIGHTS Indigenous and Traditional peoples (ITP) worldwide are increasingly acting to ensure that forest policy and management recognize their rights, values, knowledge, and customs. Traditional knowledge, values, and practices are central to the relationship between ITP and forest landscapes and underlie the effectiveness of other interventions. Forest landscapes provide a wide range of products, services and cultural values that support livelihoods for both ITP and other populations. Relationships between ITP and the State are often contentious and new modes of governance are needed that can accommodate differing values and perspectives. Qualitative methodologies have contributed to developing concepts and theory, but quantitative and comparative studies are needed to support broader applicability. SUMMARY This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the diversity of international research on the multiple ways in which Indigenous and Traditional peoples (ITP) are engaged in occupying and governing forest landscapes, consistent with their rights, values, knowledge and customs. This Introduction begins by reviewing our evolving understanding of two key questions: what rights are held by ITP; and how “Indigenous” and “Traditional” are actually defined. Papers in this Special Issue examine different concepts in more than a dozen countries on five continents and, while each study and each people is distinct, we identify several common themes. Firstly, traditional knowledge, values, and practices are central to the relationship between ITP and forest landscapes and underlie the effectiveness of other interventions. Secondly, early efforts to use forests to promote economic development have given way to a deeper understanding of the ways in which diverse products, services, and cultural values of forest landscapes support livelihoods for both ITP and other populations. Thirdly, governance is a common theme in this Special Issue, especially in terms of relations between ITP and the State and in the effectiveness of policies and programs. A fourth theme is that of understanding how the knowledge, practices and values of individuals and groups can help predict perceptions of forests and preferences for management. Finally, this Special Issue showcases a wide variety of methodological approaches, both qualitative and quantitative, helping researchers recognize the advantages and limits of each. Taken together, the papers in this Special Issue illustrate multiple characteristics of relationships between ITP and forest landscapes, and their aspirations to maintain their culture, their knowledge, their rights, and their livelihoods. Ce numéro spécial présente un tour d'horizon de la recherche internationale sur les multiples façons dont les peuples autochtones et traditionnels (PAT) assument leur rôle dans l'occupation et la gouvernance des paysages forestiers, conformément à leurs droits, valeurs, connaissances et coutumes. Cette introduction se pen
世界各地的土著和传统人民(ITP)越来越多地采取行动，确保森林政策和管理承认他们的权利、价值观、知识和习俗。传统知识、价值观和实践是国际热带雨林项目与森林景观之间关系的核心，也是其他干预措施有效性的基础。森林景观提供了广泛的产品、服务和文化价值，支持ITP和其他人口的生计。ITP与国家之间的关系往往是有争议的，需要新的管理模式，以适应不同的价值观和观点。定性方法有助于发展概念和理论，但需要定量和比较研究来支持更广泛的适用性。本特刊旨在概述关于土著和传统人民(ITP)按照其权利、价值观、知识和习俗从事占领和管理森林景观的多种方式的国际研究的多样性。本导论首先回顾了我们对两个关键问题的不断演变的理解:ITP拥有哪些权利;以及“土著”和“传统”是如何定义的。本期特刊的论文考察了五大洲十多个国家的不同概念，虽然每项研究和每个人都是不同的，但我们确定了几个共同的主题。首先，传统知识、价值观和实践是国际热带雨林项目与森林景观之间关系的核心，也是其他干预措施有效性的基础。其次，早期利用森林促进经济发展的努力已经让位于对森林景观的各种产品、服务和文化价值如何支持ITP和其他人口生计的更深入理解。第三，治理是本期特刊的共同主题，特别是在ITP与国家的关系以及政策和方案的有效性方面。第四个主题是了解个人和团体的知识、做法和价值观如何有助于预测对森林的看法和对管理的偏好。最后，这个特刊展示了各种各样的方法方法，包括定性和定量，帮助研究人员认识到每种方法的优点和局限性。总而言之，本期特刊中的论文说明了ITP与森林景观之间关系的多重特征，以及他们维护自己的文化、知识、权利和生计的愿望。根据《国际研究视界》的规定，按照《人民、自身和传统》的规定，按照《职业和薪酬管理条例》的规定，按照《职业和传统管理条例》的规定，按照《职业和薪酬管理条例》的规定，按照《职业和薪酬管理条例》的规定，依照《职业和薪酬管理条例》的规定，依照《职业和薪酬管理条例》的规定，依照《职业和薪酬管理条例》的规定，依照《职业和薪酬管理条例》的规定，依照权利、价值、契约和服装的规定。这个介绍se penche d以年'abord苏尔诺cl理解德两个问题:紧密相连的所有权detenus par les peuples autochtones et traditionnels等评论是definis les术语«autochtone»和«traditionnel»。这两篇文章审查了不同的薪金和薪金的概念，以及五大洲的薪金和薪金的差别，以及薪金和薪金的差别，薪金和薪金的差别，薪金和薪金的差别，薪金和薪金的差别，薪金和薪金的差别。优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项、优先事项(优先事项、优先事项、优先事项)、优先事项(优先事项)、优先事项(优先事项)、优先事项(优先事项)、优先事项(优先事项)、优先事项(优先事项)、优先事项(优先事项)。Deuxiemement, les总理努力visant使用里面的forets倒promouvoir le开发署摘要放弃拉的地方有一个中理解des这样不该les潜水员的,服务等的值从des风景画弗赖斯节soutiennent de vie des帕特莱斯模式等其他人群。Troisiemement,复发de la gouvernance est联合国主题ce期特别,尤其是在这个concerne莱斯莱斯帕特之间的关系等我依照ainsi, l 'efficacite des et des政治项目。第四个<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>和其他<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>和其他<s:1> <s:1>····················最后，我们把所有的人都看成是一个人，把所有的人看成是一个人，把所有的人看成是一个人，把所有的人看成是一个人。全球化、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品、各种各样的物品。 本文特别旨在提供一个多元化的概览研究多种形式国际土著民族和人民(坑)涉及在传统土地保有制和森林景观治理,根据其权利、价值观、知识和习俗。本特别卷的导言首先回顾了与两个关键问题有关的知识演变:PIT拥有什么权利，以及“土著”和“传统”术语如何定义。这本特别卷的工作考察了五大洲十几个国家的不同概念。虽然每个研究和每个村庄都是不同的，但我们确定了几个共同的主题。在这一过程中，有两个关键问题需要解决:第一，传统知识、价值观和实践对PIT与森林景观的关系至关重要，并激励其他干预措施的有效性。其次，早期利用森林促进经济发展的努力使人们对森林景观的各种产品、服务和文化价值如何支持PIT人和其他人口的生计有了更深的理解。第三，治理是本特别卷的一个共同主题，特别是关于PIT与国家之间的关系，以及国家制定和实施的政策和方案的有效性。第四个主题是理解个人和群体的知识、实践和价值观如何有助于预测人们对森林的看法和管理偏好。最后，本特别卷介绍了各种各样的定性和定量方法，帮助研究人员认识到每一种方法的优点和局限性。这本特别卷的工作说明了PIT和森林景观之间关系的许多特点，以及他们维护自己的文化、知识、权利和生计的愿望。
{"title":"Recognizing Indigenous and Traditional Peoples and Their Identity, Culture, Rights, and Governance of Forestlands: Introduction to the Special Issue","authors":"S. Wyatt, J. Bulkan, W. De Jong, M. Gabay","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941931","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Indigenous and Traditional peoples (ITP) worldwide are increasingly acting to ensure that forest policy and management recognize their rights, values, knowledge, and customs. Traditional knowledge, values, and practices are central to the relationship between ITP and forest landscapes and underlie the effectiveness of other interventions. Forest landscapes provide a wide range of products, services and cultural values that support livelihoods for both ITP and other populations. Relationships between ITP and the State are often contentious and new modes of governance are needed that can accommodate differing values and perspectives. Qualitative methodologies have contributed to developing concepts and theory, but quantitative and comparative studies are needed to support broader applicability. SUMMARY This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the diversity of international research on the multiple ways in which Indigenous and Traditional peoples (ITP) are engaged in occupying and governing forest landscapes, consistent with their rights, values, knowledge and customs. This Introduction begins by reviewing our evolving understanding of two key questions: what rights are held by ITP; and how “Indigenous” and “Traditional” are actually defined. Papers in this Special Issue examine different concepts in more than a dozen countries on five continents and, while each study and each people is distinct, we identify several common themes. Firstly, traditional knowledge, values, and practices are central to the relationship between ITP and forest landscapes and underlie the effectiveness of other interventions. Secondly, early efforts to use forests to promote economic development have given way to a deeper understanding of the ways in which diverse products, services, and cultural values of forest landscapes support livelihoods for both ITP and other populations. Thirdly, governance is a common theme in this Special Issue, especially in terms of relations between ITP and the State and in the effectiveness of policies and programs. A fourth theme is that of understanding how the knowledge, practices and values of individuals and groups can help predict perceptions of forests and preferences for management. Finally, this Special Issue showcases a wide variety of methodological approaches, both qualitative and quantitative, helping researchers recognize the advantages and limits of each. Taken together, the papers in this Special Issue illustrate multiple characteristics of relationships between ITP and forest landscapes, and their aspirations to maintain their culture, their knowledge, their rights, and their livelihoods. Ce numéro spécial présente un tour d'horizon de la recherche internationale sur les multiples façons dont les peuples autochtones et traditionnels (PAT) assument leur rôle dans l'occupation et la gouvernance des paysages forestiers, conformément à leurs droits, valeurs, connaissances et coutumes. Cette introduction se pen","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"257 - 268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44435891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941869
P. R. Cunha, C. R. Neto, C. Morsello
HIGHLIGHTS Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) might change land-use decisions of indigenous people, increasing deforestation. Two agent-based models were adopted to evaluate that, varying in their assumptions about time allocation decisions. Results indicate that CCTs would likely decrease the time allocated to agriculture and the area deforested. Alternative assumptions about time allocation decisions changed results. The reduction in deforestation predictions was lower with the minimum working time assumption (Time Budget). SUMMARY Smallholders' contribution to Amazonian deforestation is currently increasing. In Indigenous Lands, changes in land uses might be partially due to the unintended effects of anti-poverty strategies, including the Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), which may promote the conversion of forests to agricultural lands. Despite that, little is known about whether and how CCTs affect long-term deforestation rates. Thus, this study has assessed whether CCTs influenced long-term land-use changes from forests to agriculture, considering alternative time allocation assumptions (i.e., Time Optimisation and Time Budget). Transfers from the Brazilian Bolsa Família Program to the Khĩsêtjê indigenous people of the Amazon were evaluated with two agent-based models. Results suggest CCTs will likely decrease the area deforested in the long term without changing Khĩsêtjê's population size. When market-purchased products replace local products, people's time allocated to agriculture is expected to fall. The intensity of CCT effects on deforestation varied according to time allocation assumptions, highlighting the importance of considering them carefully to improve the predictions from model simulations. A contribuição dos produtores familiares para o desmatamento da Amazônia está atualmente aumentando. Em Terras Indígenas, as mudanças nos usos da terra podem ser parcialmente devidas aos efeitos não intencionais de estratégias de combate à pobreza, incluindo as Transferências Condicionais de Renda (CCTs) que podem estimular a conversão de florestas em terras agrícolas. Apesar disso, pouco se sabe sobre se e como os CCTs afetam as taxas de desmatamento de longo prazo. Assim, este estudo avaliou se os CCTs influenciavam as mudanças de longo prazo no uso da terra de florestas para agricultura, considerando premissas alternativas de alocação de tempo (ou seja, Otimização de Tempo e Orçamento Temporal). As transferências do Programa Bolsa Família brasileiro para o povo indígena Khĩsêtjê da Amazônia foram avaliadas com dois modelos baseados em agentes. Os resultados sugerem que os CCTs provavelmente diminuirão a área desmatada no longo prazo, sem alterar o tamanho da população Khĩsêtjê. Quando os produtos comprados no mercado substituem os produtos locais, espera-se que o tempo das pessoas dedicado à agricultura diminua. A intensidade dos efeitos do CCT sobre o desmatamento variou de acordo com as premissas de alocação de tempo, destacando a impor
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Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941850
S. Cho, Y. Youn, D. Kweon
HIGHLIGHTS Village leaders' participation in village woodland management is more important than that of the wider public in terms of woodland sustainability. Villagers communicate better with the state regarding village woodland management if they have experience of receiving government funding compared with those who have not. Communities with common woodlands regulated by the state, such as national parks and cultural heritage sites, are more effective in collaborative forest management than those not regulated by the state. Horizontal cooperative networks between villages and government help village woodlands to be managed sustainably. Provided autonomous villagers are given their rights in woodland management decision-making, even under a co-management arrangement, the sustainability of village woodlands can be enhanced. SUMMARY Understanding the influence of the wider society on village woodlands is important for their conservation. Twenty village woodlands in Wando County, South Korea, were investigated in order to assess the role of local governance in the sustainability of village woodlands. It was found that the active participation of village leaders in the conservation of village woodlands matters more than the active participation of villagers. Village woodlands are more likely to be preserved when they are managed as protected areas such as national parks or national natural heritage sites controlled by the state. Many village communities in Korea have management plans and maintain traditional knowledge while creating and protecting their village forests over several hundred years. The government has been providing a systematic infrastructure and financial support to manage the village forests and to promote the participation of village communities. The communities and local and central governments share the common goal of sustainable village woodlands and cooperate through open communications, including consultations and solving disputes, seeking the way toward village woodlands' sustainability. The result of this study suggests that village communities and the state need to cooperate horizontally in order to establish and maintain sustainable village woodlands. Comprendre l'influence de la société au sens large sur les terres boisées villageoises est important pour leur conservation. Vingt villages ont été examinés dans le comté du Wando en Corée du Sud, afin d'évaluer le rôle de la gouvernance locale dans la durabilité des bois villageois. Il fut découvert que la participation active des dirigeants villageois dans la conservation des terres boisées villageoises est plus importante que celle des villageois eux-mêmes. Il est plus probable que ces bois villageois soient préservés quand ils sont gérés en tant que zones protégées, telles que des parcs nationaux ou des sites d'héritage naturel contrôlés par l'état. Plusieurs communautés villageoises en Corée possèdent des plans de gestion et maintiennent une connaissance traditionnelle
强调村庄领导人参与村庄林地管理在林地可持续性方面比广大公众更重要。村民们在村庄林地管理方面与国家沟通得更好，如果他们有接受政府资金的经验，而不是那些没有的经验。国家公园和文化遗产地等受国家监管的公共林地社区在合作森林管理方面比不受国家监管更有效。村庄和政府之间的横向合作网络有助于村庄林地得到可持续管理。如果自治村民在林地管理决策中享有权利，即使在共同管理安排下，也可以提高村庄林地的可持续性。摘要：了解更广泛的社会对乡村林地的影响对其保护非常重要。对韩国万都县的20个村庄林地进行了调查，以评估地方治理在村庄林地可持续性中的作用。人们发现，乡村领导人积极参与保护乡村林地比村民的积极参与更重要。当村庄林地被管理为国家公园或国家控制的国家自然遗产地等受保护区域时，更可能受到保护。韩国的许多村庄社区在数百年来创建和保护村庄森林的同时，制定了管理计划并保持了传统知识。政府为管理乡村森林和促进乡村社区的参与提供了系统的基础设施和财政支助。社区、地方和中央政府通过公开交流，包括协商和解决争端，分享可持续乡村林地和合作的共同目标，寻求实现乡村林地可持续性的途径。这项研究的结果表明，村庄社区和国家需要横向合作，以建立和维持可持续的村庄林地。了解更广泛的社会对乡村林地的影响对其保护非常重要。对韩国万都县的20个村庄进行了调查，以评估地方治理在村庄森林可持续性中的作用。人们发现，村民领导人积极参与保护村庄林地比村民本身更重要。当这些村庄森林作为国家公园或国家控制的自然遗产地等保护区进行管理时，它们更有可能得到保护。韩国的几个村庄社区制定了管理计划，并保持了传统知识，同时在几个世纪的时间里创建和保护了他们的村庄森林。政府为管理乡村森林和促进社区参与提供了系统的基础设施和财政支持。他们与中央和地方政府有一个共同的目标，即获得可持续的乡村土地，并通过公开交流，包括协商和不同的决议，合作寻找实现乡村林地可持续性的途径。这项研究的结果表明，村庄社区和国家需要横向合作，以建立和维护可持续的村庄林地。了解社会在Los Bosques de las Aldeas的总体影响对保护很重要。Con el fin de evaluar el papel de la gobernanza local en la sostenibilidad de los Bosques de Aldea se investigaron veinte Bosques de Aldea en el condado de Wando（南科里亚）。参与行动对生活在贫困中的人至关重要。在Los Bosques de las Aldeas cuando se gestionan como zonas protegidas、como parques nacionales o sitios del patrimonio natural national controlados por el estado中保存的可能性更大。Muchas comunidades de aldeas en corea del sur tienen planes de gestión y han venido empleando sus conocimientos tradicionales en la creación y protección de sus bosques de aldea durante cientos de años。El gobierno ha estado proporcionando una infrastructura sistemática y apoyo financiero para gestionar los bosques de las aldeas，促进社区参与。
{"title":"Horizontal Cooperation Among Communities and Governments for Sustainable Village Woodlands in Wando County, South Korea","authors":"S. Cho, Y. Youn, D. Kweon","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941850","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Village leaders' participation in village woodland management is more important than that of the wider public in terms of woodland sustainability. Villagers communicate better with the state regarding village woodland management if they have experience of receiving government funding compared with those who have not. Communities with common woodlands regulated by the state, such as national parks and cultural heritage sites, are more effective in collaborative forest management than those not regulated by the state. Horizontal cooperative networks between villages and government help village woodlands to be managed sustainably. Provided autonomous villagers are given their rights in woodland management decision-making, even under a co-management arrangement, the sustainability of village woodlands can be enhanced. SUMMARY Understanding the influence of the wider society on village woodlands is important for their conservation. Twenty village woodlands in Wando County, South Korea, were investigated in order to assess the role of local governance in the sustainability of village woodlands. It was found that the active participation of village leaders in the conservation of village woodlands matters more than the active participation of villagers. Village woodlands are more likely to be preserved when they are managed as protected areas such as national parks or national natural heritage sites controlled by the state. Many village communities in Korea have management plans and maintain traditional knowledge while creating and protecting their village forests over several hundred years. The government has been providing a systematic infrastructure and financial support to manage the village forests and to promote the participation of village communities. The communities and local and central governments share the common goal of sustainable village woodlands and cooperate through open communications, including consultations and solving disputes, seeking the way toward village woodlands' sustainability. The result of this study suggests that village communities and the state need to cooperate horizontally in order to establish and maintain sustainable village woodlands. Comprendre l'influence de la société au sens large sur les terres boisées villageoises est important pour leur conservation. Vingt villages ont été examinés dans le comté du Wando en Corée du Sud, afin d'évaluer le rôle de la gouvernance locale dans la durabilité des bois villageois. Il fut découvert que la participation active des dirigeants villageois dans la conservation des terres boisées villageoises est plus importante que celle des villageois eux-mêmes. Il est plus probable que ces bois villageois soient préservés quand ils sont gérés en tant que zones protégées, telles que des parcs nationaux ou des sites d'héritage naturel contrôlés par l'état. Plusieurs communautés villageoises en Corée possèdent des plans de gestion et maintiennent une connaissance traditionnelle ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"315 - 329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49558782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941832
G. Frey, S. Charnley, J. Makala
HIGHLIGHTS Certification of community forests managed by traditional peoples in Tanzania has monetary costs that exceed financial returns. Community forest managers had overall positive views of certification, believing it should be maintained despite the costs. Forest management activities associated with certification were perceived as more worthwhile than not, with benefits more frequent than drawbacks. Major social benefits of certification perceived by traditional peoples included promoting worker health and safety, strengthening tenure rights, and sustaining forest benefits into the future. SUMMARY Community forests managed by indigenous, traditional, and local communities must be environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable for their benefits to persist. Certification of community forests communicates that products harvested there meet these standards. However, certification of community forests has been limited, particularly in Africa. Financial analysis, review of audit reports, and a survey of forest managers were used to explore monetary and non-monetary social costs and benefits of Forest Stewardship Council certification for 14 timber-producing community forests managed by traditional peoples in south-eastern Tanzania. Direct monetary costs of certification outweighed monetary benefits, threatening economic sustainability. Nevertheless, forest managers believed that community forests should retain certification because they valued its non-monetary benefits, which were consistent with the Forest Stewardship Council's social principles. This study demonstrates that certification of community forests can help indigenous and traditional peoples ensure safe working conditions, strengthen forest tenure rights, sustain multiple community benefits, and protect culturally-important sites, however, financial barriers persist. Misitu ya vijiji inayosimamiwa na wanajamii imekuwa ikiwapatia manufaa mengi wanajamii husika. Ili iweze kuwa endlevu, ni lazima misitu hii ikidhi malengo ya kimazingira, kijamii na kiuchumi. Hata hivyo, uthibitishaji wa Misitu upo kwa kiasi kidogo sana hususani katika Bara la Africa. Faida za kifedha na zizizo za kifedha za Uthibitishaji Misitu chini ya FSC zimefanyiwa utafiti kupitia tathmini ya kifedha, uchambuzi wa taarifa za ukaguzi na mahojiano na wajumbe wa Kamati za Maliasili za vijiji (Mameneja wa Misitu) katika vijiji 14 vinavyouza mbao chini ya Mpango wa Usimamizi Shirikishi wa Misitu kusini mashariki mwa Tanzania. Utafitu huu unaonyesha kuwa gharama za kifedha za uthibitishaji ni kubwa kuliko faida zisizo za kifedha. Hata hivyo, Mameneja wa Misitu ya vijiji (Wajumbe wa Kamati za Maliasili za Vijiji), wanaamini kuwa Misitu ya Vijiji ni bora ikaendeleza Ushibitishaji wa Misitu kwa sababu wananufaika na faida zisizo za kifedha ambazo zinaendana na kanuni za uthibitishaji Misitu. Utafiti huu unadhihirisha kuwa Uthibitishaji Misitu katika muktadha wa misitu ya vijiji unaweza kusaidia wanajamii kuwahakiki
对坦桑尼亚传统民族管理的社区森林进行认证的货币成本超过了经济回报。社区森林管理者总体上对认证持积极态度，认为尽管成本很高，但应该保持认证。与核证有关的森林管理活动被认为是值得而不是不值得的，其利大于弊。传统人民认为核证的主要社会效益包括促进工人的健康和安全、加强权属权利以及在未来保持森林效益。由土著、传统和地方社区管理的社区森林必须在环境、社会和经济上具有可持续性，才能使其效益持续存在。社区森林的认证表明在那里采伐的产品符合这些标准。然而，社区森林的核证有限，特别是在非洲。利用财务分析、审查审计报告和对森林管理者的调查来探讨森林管理委员会对坦桑尼亚东南部传统民族管理的14个木材生产社区森林进行核证的货币和非货币社会成本和效益。认证的直接货币成本超过了货币收益，威胁到经济的可持续性。然而，森林管理者认为社区森林应该保留核证，因为他们重视核证的非金钱利益，这符合森林管理委员会的社会原则。本研究表明，社区森林认证可以帮助土著和传统人民确保安全的工作条件，加强森林权利人的权利，维持多种社区利益，并保护具有重要文化意义的遗址，然而，资金障碍仍然存在。misititya vijiji inayosimamiwa na wanajamii imekuwa ikiwapatia制造mengi wanajamii husika。i iweze kuwa endlevu, i lazima misitu hii ikidhi malengo ya kimazingira, kijamii na kiuchumi。哈塔·希维尤，我的祖国，我的祖国，我的祖国，我的祖国。Faida za kifedha na zizizo za kifedha za Uthibitishaji Misitu chini ya FSC zimefanyiwa utafiti kupitia tathmini ya kifedha, uchambuzi wa taarifa za ukaguzi na mahojiano na wajumbe wa Kamati za Maliasili za vijiji (Mameneja wa Misitu) katika vijiji 14 vinavyouza mbao chini ya Mpango wa Usimamizi Shirikishi wa Misitu kusini mashariki mwa坦桑尼亚。Utafitu huu unaonyesha kuwa gharama za kifedha za uthbitishaji ni kubwa kuliko faida zisizo za kifedha。haata hivyo, Mameneja wa Misitu ya vijiji (Wajumbe wa Kamati za Maliasili za vijiji)， wanaamini kuwa Misitu ya vijiji ni bora ikaendeleza Ushibitishaji wa Misitu kwabu wananufaika na faida zisizo za kifedha ambazo zinaendana na kanuni za uthibitishaji Misitu。Utafiti huu unadhihirisha kuwa uthbitishaji Misitu katiha wa Misitu ya vijiji unaweza kusaidia wanajamii kuwahakikikiya mazjiji, kuweka mazingira bora umiliki wa Misitu, kuongeza mapato ya vijiji, kuchangia katika maisha bora na kuhifadhi maeneo muhimu ya kijadi na kimila。这是我最喜欢的一种方式。如forêts传统的与社区的结合，传统的与社区的结合，自身的与地方的结合être持久的与社会的结合，与环境的结合，与持续的与环境的结合。<s:1>社区组织认证(<s:1>社区组织认证)- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -在非洲，特别是在非洲，对forêts社区和有限的薪金进行认证。1 .分析财务数据，审查审计报告，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据，审查坦桑尼亚传统人民的财务数据，审查森林管理委员会的财务数据。Les corets monsamtares res de la certification - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -森林管理委员会的报告:森林管理委员会的报告:森林管理委员会的报告:森林管理委员会的报告:森林管理委员会的报告:森林管理委员会的报告:森林管理委员会的报告:森林管理委员会的报告:将<s:1> <s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和<s:1>社会组织和社会组织和重要文化组织。独立的，没有障碍的，财务的，持久的。
{"title":"The Costs and Benefits of Certification for Community Forests Managed by Traditional Peoples in South-Eastern Tanzania","authors":"G. Frey, S. Charnley, J. Makala","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941832","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Certification of community forests managed by traditional peoples in Tanzania has monetary costs that exceed financial returns. Community forest managers had overall positive views of certification, believing it should be maintained despite the costs. Forest management activities associated with certification were perceived as more worthwhile than not, with benefits more frequent than drawbacks. Major social benefits of certification perceived by traditional peoples included promoting worker health and safety, strengthening tenure rights, and sustaining forest benefits into the future. SUMMARY Community forests managed by indigenous, traditional, and local communities must be environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable for their benefits to persist. Certification of community forests communicates that products harvested there meet these standards. However, certification of community forests has been limited, particularly in Africa. Financial analysis, review of audit reports, and a survey of forest managers were used to explore monetary and non-monetary social costs and benefits of Forest Stewardship Council certification for 14 timber-producing community forests managed by traditional peoples in south-eastern Tanzania. Direct monetary costs of certification outweighed monetary benefits, threatening economic sustainability. Nevertheless, forest managers believed that community forests should retain certification because they valued its non-monetary benefits, which were consistent with the Forest Stewardship Council's social principles. This study demonstrates that certification of community forests can help indigenous and traditional peoples ensure safe working conditions, strengthen forest tenure rights, sustain multiple community benefits, and protect culturally-important sites, however, financial barriers persist. Misitu ya vijiji inayosimamiwa na wanajamii imekuwa ikiwapatia manufaa mengi wanajamii husika. Ili iweze kuwa endlevu, ni lazima misitu hii ikidhi malengo ya kimazingira, kijamii na kiuchumi. Hata hivyo, uthibitishaji wa Misitu upo kwa kiasi kidogo sana hususani katika Bara la Africa. Faida za kifedha na zizizo za kifedha za Uthibitishaji Misitu chini ya FSC zimefanyiwa utafiti kupitia tathmini ya kifedha, uchambuzi wa taarifa za ukaguzi na mahojiano na wajumbe wa Kamati za Maliasili za vijiji (Mameneja wa Misitu) katika vijiji 14 vinavyouza mbao chini ya Mpango wa Usimamizi Shirikishi wa Misitu kusini mashariki mwa Tanzania. Utafitu huu unaonyesha kuwa gharama za kifedha za uthibitishaji ni kubwa kuliko faida zisizo za kifedha. Hata hivyo, Mameneja wa Misitu ya vijiji (Wajumbe wa Kamati za Maliasili za Vijiji), wanaamini kuwa Misitu ya Vijiji ni bora ikaendeleza Ushibitishaji wa Misitu kwa sababu wananufaika na faida zisizo za kifedha ambazo zinaendana na kanuni za uthibitishaji Misitu. Utafiti huu unadhihirisha kuwa Uthibitishaji Misitu katika muktadha wa misitu ya vijiji unaweza kusaidia wanajamii kuwahakiki","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"360 - 379"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47072838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835629532
S. Chisika, C. Yeom
HIGHLIGHTS Tree cover helps to promote environmental stability and socio-economic development. There are limited datasets on the contribution of trees and forests to socio-economic growth at local, regional and global level. Successful tree cover expansion activities should acknowledge the contextual sensitivity of the wider tree planting environment. In Kenya, the contextual sensitivity analysis of each devolved unit should, particularlyrecognize the influence of county GDP per capita and HDI. Devolved units in Arid and Semi Arid Lands (ASALs) have the greatest potential for tree cover expansion and should be the focus of tree planting programmes. SUMMARY This study analyzes cross sectional data on the association between tree cover and selected socio-economic development indicators in Kenya's devolved units for the purpose of generating new knowledge needed for enhancing the implementation of tree cover expansion initiatives. Results substantiate that tree cover supports many productive sectors of Kenya's economy. As such, there is a moderately positive correlation between county tree cover and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and HDI (Human Development Index) (r = 0.38, p = .005, one tail). These results imply the need for careful planning and understanding that county GDP per capita and HDI are the most critical socio-economic factors affecting tree cover expansion in devolved units. As such, this paper recommends various actions in order to improve tree cover in the devolved units. Cette étude analyse les données inter sectionnelles de l'association du couvert forestier à des indicateurs de développement socio-économiques sélectionnés dans les unités décentralisées du Kenya. Le but est de fournir l'information critique nécessaire au renforcement de la mise en œuvre des projets d'expansion du couvert forestier, des politiques et des programmes. Les résultats confirment qu'il existe une corrélation modérément positive entre le couvert forestier d'un comté et le produit domestique brut (GDP) par habitant et l'index de développement humain (HDI) (r = 0.38, p = .005, une queue). Ces résultats impliquent un besoin de planifier avec soin et de comprendre que le GDP du comté et le HDI sont les facteurs critiques socio-économiques principaux qui affectent l'expansion du couvert forestier dans les unités décentralisées du Kenya. Ce papier recommande diverses actions pour améliorer le couvert forestier dans les unités décentralisées. Este estudio analiza datos transversales sobre la asociación entre la cobertura forestal y determinados indicadores de desarrollo socioeconómico en las unidades descentralizadas de Kenia con el fin de generar nuevos conocimientos necesarios para mejorar la puesta en práctica de iniciativas de incremento de la cubierta forestal. Los resultados corroboran que la cubierta forestal apoya a muchos sectores productivos de la economía de Kenia. Como tal, existe una correlación moderadamente positiva entre la cobertura fore
树木覆盖有助于促进环境稳定和社会经济发展。关于树木和森林对地方、区域和全球各级社会经济增长的贡献的数据集有限。成功的树木覆盖扩大活动应承认更广泛的植树环境的上下文敏感性。在肯尼亚，每个被下放单位的背景敏感性分析应特别认识到县人均GDP和人类发展指数的影响。干旱和半干旱地区的下放单位有扩大树木覆盖的最大潜力，应该成为植树方案的重点。本研究分析了肯尼亚下放单位的树木覆盖与选定的社会经济发展指标之间关系的横截面数据，目的是产生加强实施扩大树木覆盖倡议所需的新知识。结果证实，树木覆盖支持肯尼亚经济的许多生产部门。因此，县树木覆盖率与人均国内生产总值(GDP)和HDI(人类发展指数)之间存在适度的正相关关系(r = 0.38, p = 0.005，单尾)。这些结果表明需要仔细规划和理解县人均GDP和人类发展指数是影响下放单位树木覆盖扩大的最关键的社会经济因素。因此，本文建议采取各种行动，以改善下放单位的树木覆盖。在肯尼亚，有三种不同的标准，分别是:跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门、跨部门。但是，在信息批评和执行方面，在政策和方案方面，在政策和方案方面，在政策和方案方面，在政策和方案方面都取得了进展。研究结果证实，在我国，存在着一种比较一致的运输和运输系统(cv)、产品、国内生产总值(GDP)、居民与运输和运输系统(HDI)之间的关联(r = 0.38, p = 0.005, 1队列)。综上所述，肯尼亚的通讯装置，国内生产总值(GDP)和人类发展指数(HDI)，综合因素，社会- - -经济- - -原则，影响- - -扩大- - -林业部门，单位- - -肯尼亚的中央- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -。Ce纸recommande多样化行动为改良couvert引入弗赖斯节在联合分散。埃斯特工厂化analiza拿督横向尤其la asociacion之间拉cobertura影响y determinados indicadores de desarrollo socioeconomico在拉斯维加斯失去descentralizadas de Kenia con el鳍de generar新conocimientos necesarios对位mejorar de iniciativas de la puesta en practica incremento de la cubierta受影响。这些结果证实了肯尼亚许多生产部门的森林资源状况。Como, existe una correlación moderadamente positivente centre la cobertura forest和nivel de condado与el Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) per cápita y el índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH) (r = 0,38, p = 0,005, una cola)。研究结果表明，有必要对森林资源资源的发展进行planificación调整，对森林资源的发展进行cápita调整，对森林资源的发展进行socioeconómicos más críticos调整，对森林资源的发展和森林资源的分散都有影响。dedo a ello, el artículo建议采取各种措施促进森林资源的集中和分散。
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Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835629578
J. Uzu, P. Bettinger, J. Siry, B. Mei
HIGHLIGHTS Low wood processing capacity of the West African countries is a recurrent theme. All seven countries studied are net importers of wood pulp and paper. Opportunities exist to meet the high local demand for wood charcoal products and the potential for increased exports. An influx of private investment may be required to stimulate interest in wood processing capacities. An over-dependence on natural forests appears to be the norm for all forest products. A transition to a plantation-driven forest products market may address long-term forest sustainability. SUMMARY Forestry activities are important to the economies of West African nations. This paper aims to assess the current state of forest business in the sub-region, identify factors that may limit the development of the sector and suggest possible solutions. To achieve these objectives, we examined relevant literature and forest statistics from peer-reviewed journals, government publications, and reports from development agencies. Seven West African countries were purposively selected for this study. The results showed that the subregion's forest product trade involves mostly unprocessed logs sourced from natural forests, with plantation forests constituting only 0.35%–3.7% of the focus countries' forest areas. Also, the results from our statistical models showed that GDP per capita had a significant effect on wood production in the focus countries whereas the economic freedom score had no significant effect. The fixed effects revealed that if Nigeria and Ghana had the same GDP per capita as the other focus countries, their wood production would be higher than the other countries. We argue that wood production is likely to increase as the living standards in these countries improve, possibly from increased local demand. However, the lack of robust financial and economic models backing up sound forest management in these countries might discourage new private forest investments. Les activités forestières sont importantes pour les économies des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Ce document vise à évaluer l'état actuel des affaires forestières dans la sous-région, identifier les facteurs qui peuvent limiter le développement du secteur et suggérer des solutions possibles. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons examiné la littérature pertinente et les statistiques forestières issues de revues à comité de lecture, de publications gouvernementales et de rapports d'agences de développement. Sept pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest ont été délibérément sélectionnés pour cette étude. Les résultats ont montré que le commerce des produits forestiers de la sous-région implique principalement des grumes non transformées provenant de forêts naturelles, les plantations forestières ne constituant que 0,35% à 3,7% des superficies forestières des pays cibles. De plus, les résultats de nos modèles statistiques ont montré que le PIB par habitant avait un effet significatif sur la production de bois dans les pays cibles a
西非国家木材加工能力低是一个反复出现的主题。所研究的所有七个国家都是木浆和纸张的净进口国。有机会满足当地对木炭产品的高需求和增加出口的潜力。可能需要大量私人投资来刺激对木材加工能力的兴趣。对天然林的过度依赖似乎是所有森林产品的常态。向人工林驱动的林产品市场过渡可以解决森林的长期可持续性问题。林业活动对西非国家的经济非常重要。本文旨在评估分区域森林业务的现状，确定可能限制该部门发展的因素，并提出可能的解决办法。为了实现这些目标，我们从同行评审的期刊、政府出版物和发展机构的报告中查阅了相关文献和森林统计数据。有目的地选择了七个西非国家进行这项研究。结果表明，该次区域的林产品贸易主要涉及来自天然林的未加工原木，人工林仅占重点国家森林面积的0.35%-3.7%。此外，我们的统计模型结果显示，人均GDP对重点国家的木材产量有显著影响，而经济自由得分没有显著影响。固定效应表明，如果尼日利亚和加纳的人均国内生产总值与其他重点国家相同，其木材产量将高于其他国家。我们认为，随着这些国家生活水平的提高，木材产量可能会增加，这可能是由于当地需求的增加。然而，这些国家缺乏强有力的财政和经济模式来支持健全的森林管理，这可能会阻碍新的私人森林投资。“活动与林业”是重要的，“活动与林业”是重要的，“经济与农业”是重要的。该文件指出，在<s:1> <s:1> <s:1>职业健康保险和其他职业健康保险方面，<s:1>职业健康保险和其他职业健康保险方面的因素非常有限，并提出了各种可能的解决办法。在参加会议时，应注意目标、审查、统计、林业、税收、报告、出版物、政府、报告和发展等方面的问题。9月1日，非洲西部地区的所有人都以薪金为单位，以薪金为单位，以薪金为单位。从商业角度出发，从产品角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发，从简单的角度出发。此外，统计数据和监测数据的变化对居民的影响显著，生产数据的变化对居民的影响显著，支付数据的变化对居民的影响显著，经济数据的变化对居民的影响显著。在尼日利亚和加纳，对所有的薪金和薪金的影响不大，但在尼日利亚和加纳，对薪金和薪金的影响不大，对薪金和薪金的影响不大，对薪金的影响不大。在生产过程中，有必要采取措施，在生产过程中采取措施，在生产过程中采取措施，在生产过程中采取措施，在生产过程中采取措施，在生产过程中采取措施。在此之前，我们的模式是由财务人员提供的，而不是由财务人员提供的，我们的模式是由财务人员提供的，我们的模式是由财务人员提供的。Las activities forestales as importantes para economías de Las nacaciones de África Occidental。Este artículo trata de evaluation el estado actual de the empreses forestales en esta región，确定损失的工厂、限制的工厂、部门，并提出可能的解决方案。Para . estos目标，参见revisó与此相关的文献estadísticas forestales de revistas científicas修订的贫困地区、公共部门、政府部门和信息机构和发展机构。Para este estudio se seleccionaron a propósito site países de África Occidental。结果显示，最重要的是，<s:1>农产品商业和森林产品(región)在加工过程中包含了大量的资源，而植物和森林产品(sólo)在加工过程中包含了0,35%和3,7%的表层森林产品(países)。Asimismo, los resultados delos modelos estadísticos delos autores mostraron que el PIB per cápita两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性，两个有效的显著性。Los effects of fijos revelaron que si Nigeria by Ghana tuvierel mismo PIB per cápita que Los demás países del estudio, su producción de madera sería mayor que la de Los demás países。 据认为，随着这些国家生活水平的提高，木材生产可能会增加，这可能是由于当地需求的增加。然而，这些国家缺乏支持健全森林管理的严格财政和经济模式，可能会阻碍新的私人对森林部门的投资。
{"title":"Timber Business in West Africa: A Review and Outlook","authors":"J. Uzu, P. Bettinger, J. Siry, B. Mei","doi":"10.1505/146554822835629578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835629578","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Low wood processing capacity of the West African countries is a recurrent theme. All seven countries studied are net importers of wood pulp and paper. Opportunities exist to meet the high local demand for wood charcoal products and the potential for increased exports. An influx of private investment may be required to stimulate interest in wood processing capacities. An over-dependence on natural forests appears to be the norm for all forest products. A transition to a plantation-driven forest products market may address long-term forest sustainability. SUMMARY Forestry activities are important to the economies of West African nations. This paper aims to assess the current state of forest business in the sub-region, identify factors that may limit the development of the sector and suggest possible solutions. To achieve these objectives, we examined relevant literature and forest statistics from peer-reviewed journals, government publications, and reports from development agencies. Seven West African countries were purposively selected for this study. The results showed that the subregion's forest product trade involves mostly unprocessed logs sourced from natural forests, with plantation forests constituting only 0.35%–3.7% of the focus countries' forest areas. Also, the results from our statistical models showed that GDP per capita had a significant effect on wood production in the focus countries whereas the economic freedom score had no significant effect. The fixed effects revealed that if Nigeria and Ghana had the same GDP per capita as the other focus countries, their wood production would be higher than the other countries. We argue that wood production is likely to increase as the living standards in these countries improve, possibly from increased local demand. However, the lack of robust financial and economic models backing up sound forest management in these countries might discourage new private forest investments. Les activités forestières sont importantes pour les économies des pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Ce document vise à évaluer l'état actuel des affaires forestières dans la sous-région, identifier les facteurs qui peuvent limiter le développement du secteur et suggérer des solutions possibles. Pour atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons examiné la littérature pertinente et les statistiques forestières issues de revues à comité de lecture, de publications gouvernementales et de rapports d'agences de développement. Sept pays d'Afrique de l'Ouest ont été délibérément sélectionnés pour cette étude. Les résultats ont montré que le commerce des produits forestiers de la sous-région implique principalement des grumes non transformées provenant de forêts naturelles, les plantations forestières ne constituant que 0,35% à 3,7% des superficies forestières des pays cibles. De plus, les résultats de nos modèles statistiques ont montré que le PIB par habitant avait un effet significatif sur la production de bois dans les pays cibles a","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"240 - 256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48100274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835629541
G. Medina, B. Pokorny
HIGHLIGHTS Only a few community forest management systems in the Amazon are viable. Community forest management systems require large investments and subsidies. Only large-scale production and low levels of timber processing are viable. There is urgent need to adapt to community forestry systems in the Amazon. Systems should respond to the interests and capacities of local resource users. SUMMARY To understand the financial feasibility of externally-driven community forestry management (CFM), this study assesses twelve CFM systems in the Brazilian Amazon classified as particularly successful by supporting organizations. The study showed that significant investments were necessary to set up the initiatives, including pre-financing the annual operational costs. Only three of the twelve management systems were found to be financially viable. These successful cases were able to follow the Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) guidelines due to the large scale of their operations. The smaller initiatives were not financially autonomous. The findings indicate that the legal regulations and technical principles of the CFM approach do not correspond to the capacities and realities of typical local forest users in the Brazilian Amazon. There is an urgent need to better adapt this approach to the interests and capacities of local resource users. Pour comprendre la viabilité de la gestion de la forêt communautaire (CFM) opérée de l'extérieur, cette étude évalue douze systèmes de CFM dans l'Amazonie brésilienne, identifiées comme étant particulièrement positives par des organisations de soutien. L'étude a montré que des investissements conséquents sont nécessaires pour amorcer ces initiatives, incluant l'avance du financement des coûts opérationnels annuels, lesquels représentent un fardeau majeur pour les communautés, une fois que le soutien extérieur s'achève. Seuls trois des douze systèmes de gestion se sont révélés viables financièrement. Ces cas à succès parvenaient à suivre les lignes de conduite de la Réduction de l'impact de la coupe de bois (RIL), développées pour les opérations de compagnies du bois mécanisées à grande échelle, du fait de l'ampleur de leurs opérations. Les initiatives moindres n'étaient pas autonomes financièrement. Les résultats indiquent que les régulations légales et les principes techniques de l'approche de CFM ne correspondent pas aux capacités et aux réalités des utilisateurs forestiers de l'Amazonie brésilienne. Le besoin de mieux adapter cette approche aux intérêts et aux capacités des utilisateurs locaux des ressources est urgent. Para analizar la viabilidad financiera de la gestión forestal comunitaria (GFC), este estudio evaluó 12 sistemas de gestión llevados a cabo en la Amazonía brasileña y clasificados como exitosos por sus organizaciones de apoyo. El estudio mostró que fueron necesarias inversiones significativas para poner las iniciativas en marcha, incluido el prefinanciamiento de los costos operativos anuales. Solo tres de
强调亚马逊只有少数社区森林管理系统是可行的。社区森林管理系统需要大量投资和补贴。只有大规模生产和低水平的木材加工是可行的。迫切需要适应亚马逊的社区林业系统。系统应响应本地资源用户的兴趣和能力。为了理解外部驱动社区林业管理（CFM）的财务可行性，本研究评估了巴西亚马逊地区的12个CFM系统，这些系统被支持组织归类为特别成功。研究表明，需要大量投资来制定举措，包括为年度运营成本提供预融资。十二个管理系统中只有三个在财务上可行。这些成功的案例可以遵循减少影响日志（RIL）指南，因为它们的业务规模很大。较小的倡议在财政上并不自主。调查结果表明，CFM方法的法律法规和技术原则不符合巴西亚马逊典型当地森林用户的能力和现实。迫切需要更好地使这种方法适应当地资源用户的利益和能力。为了了解外部社区森林管理（CFM）的可行性，本研究评估了巴西亚马逊地区的12个CFM系统，这些系统被支持组织确定为特别积极。研究表明，启动这些举措需要大量投资，包括预付年度运营成本，一旦外部支持结束，这将给社区带来重大负担。12个管理系统中只有3个在财务上可行。这些成功案例遵循了为大型机械化木材公司的运营制定的减少木材切割影响（LIR）指南，因为其运营规模巨大。较小的倡议在财政上并不独立。结果表明，CFM方法的法律法规和技术原则不符合巴西亚马逊森林用户的能力和现实。迫切需要使这种方法更好地适应当地资源用户的利益和能力。为了分析森林管理社区（GFC）的财务可行性，Estudio Evaluó12巴西亚马逊地区的管理系统和Apoyo组织的分类。El estudio mostróque fueron necesarias Inversiones importivas para poner las iniciativas en marcha，包括成本前的财务状况。Solo Tres de los 12个可行的经济结果系统。Estos casos exitosos pudieron seguir las practicas de extración de impacto reduceido（EIR）debido a la gran escala de sus operaciones。Las iniciativas más pequeñas没有结果金融自治。Estos resultados indican que las normas legales y los principios técnicos del enfoque exógeno de GFC no与巴西亚马逊地区的Capacidades y realidades de los usuarios locales de los Bosques相对应。es necesario adaptar este enfoque exógeno a los interestes y capacidades de los usuarios de recursos locales。Para avaliar a viabilidade financeira do manejo florestal comunitário（MFC），neste estudo foram analisados 12 sistemas de manejo madeiro promovidos na amazônia brasileira e considerados bem sucedidos por suas organizações de apoio。o estudo mostrou que foram necessários investimentos signitivos para implementar os sistemas de manejo，包括o capital de giro para o pre financiamento dos custos operacionais anuais。Apenas três dos 12 Sistemas de Manejo Foram Considerados Financeiramente Viáveis。Esses casos de sucesso conseguiram adotar作为大埃斯卡拉歌剧院（Grande Escala de Suas Operações）的《影响雷杜齐多》（Eir）的导演。作为发起人，Menores não Foram为Viáveis提供资金。os resultados indicam que normas legais e os princípios técnicos da abordagem de mfc não对应于capacidades eàs realidades das comunidades rurais da amazônia brasileira。háuma necessidade urgence de adaptar esta abordagem de mfc aos interestesses e capacidades dos usuários locais de recursos florestais。
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Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835629523
W. Bandoh, K. Adjonou, K. Segla, W. K. Dumenu, B. Johnson, P. Alaba, A. Kokutse, H. Rabiou, C. Ouinsavi, O. Jimoh, A. Akinyele, K. Kokou
HIGHLIGHTS The study scopes and consolidates the knowledge, gaps, and future needs in the management and conservation of African rosewood into a single reference document. The state of knowledge of the species is presented under nine thematic areas namely; genetics, ecology, silviculture and forest management, wood technology, regeneration, propagation and growth, pharmacology, socioeconomic use, trade and governance, microorganic symbiosis, and climate change vulnerability. The key outputs of the study are summarised under the nine thematic areas above. They include the establishment of minimum felling diameters of 35cm dbh, 35cm dbh and 65cm dbh for the Guinean, Sudan and Sahel Savanna respectively, and assessments of the impacts of overexploitation, climate change, wildfire, herbivory etc on the population structure and regeneration potential of African rosewood. Other key outputs are, the development of an optimised wood DNA protocol for P. erinaceus leading to a reduction in process time by 58%, the assessment of the climate change vulnerability of the species niche and the pharmacological applications and properties of African rosewood in vitro and in vivo. The study further suggests areas for future research within these nine themes. SUMMARY Owing to decades of inordinate exploitation of African rosewood (Pterocarpus erinaceus) and threats to its sustainability, multiple efforts by researchers to ensure its restoration and conservation have led to a proliferation of research and knowledge. The multiplicity of research and knowledge has left a gap in developing a coherent conservation and sustainable management strategy for the species because, the body of knowledge is not well-organized, it is patchy and sometimes conflicting. This study addresses this gap by consolidating the existing body of knowledge on the species through a scoping review of 225 publications on rosewood (1974–2020) in West and Central Africa. The results present current knowledge, gaps, and future research needs for the restoration, sustainable utilisation and conservation of rosewood in nine thematic areas namely; genetics, ecology, silviculture and forest management, wood technology, regeneration, propagation and growth, pharmacology, socioeconomic use, trade and governance, microorganic symbiosis, and climate change vulnerability. En raison d'exploitation abusive du bois de rose africain (Pterocarpus erinaceus) depuis plusieurs décennies et des menaces qui pèsent sur sa durabilité, de multiples efforts des chercheurs ont permis de conduire des travaux de recherche et de produire des connaissances pour assurer sa restauration et sa conservation. La multiplicité des travaux de recherche et des connaissances produites fait apparaitre certaines lacunes qui ne favorisent pas le développement d'une stratégie cohérente pour la conservation et la gestion durable de l'espèce, ces connaissances produites ne sont pas assez bien structurées, sont disparates et parfois contradic
{"title":"Towards Sustainable Management of African Rosewood in West and Central Africa: A Scoping Review of Current Research","authors":"W. Bandoh, K. Adjonou, K. Segla, W. K. Dumenu, B. Johnson, P. Alaba, A. Kokutse, H. Rabiou, C. Ouinsavi, O. Jimoh, A. Akinyele, K. Kokou","doi":"10.1505/146554822835629523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835629523","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The study scopes and consolidates the knowledge, gaps, and future needs in the management and conservation of African rosewood into a single reference document. The state of knowledge of the species is presented under nine thematic areas namely; genetics, ecology, silviculture and forest management, wood technology, regeneration, propagation and growth, pharmacology, socioeconomic use, trade and governance, microorganic symbiosis, and climate change vulnerability. The key outputs of the study are summarised under the nine thematic areas above. They include the establishment of minimum felling diameters of 35cm dbh, 35cm dbh and 65cm dbh for the Guinean, Sudan and Sahel Savanna respectively, and assessments of the impacts of overexploitation, climate change, wildfire, herbivory etc on the population structure and regeneration potential of African rosewood. Other key outputs are, the development of an optimised wood DNA protocol for P. erinaceus leading to a reduction in process time by 58%, the assessment of the climate change vulnerability of the species niche and the pharmacological applications and properties of African rosewood in vitro and in vivo. The study further suggests areas for future research within these nine themes. SUMMARY Owing to decades of inordinate exploitation of African rosewood (Pterocarpus erinaceus) and threats to its sustainability, multiple efforts by researchers to ensure its restoration and conservation have led to a proliferation of research and knowledge. The multiplicity of research and knowledge has left a gap in developing a coherent conservation and sustainable management strategy for the species because, the body of knowledge is not well-organized, it is patchy and sometimes conflicting. This study addresses this gap by consolidating the existing body of knowledge on the species through a scoping review of 225 publications on rosewood (1974–2020) in West and Central Africa. The results present current knowledge, gaps, and future research needs for the restoration, sustainable utilisation and conservation of rosewood in nine thematic areas namely; genetics, ecology, silviculture and forest management, wood technology, regeneration, propagation and growth, pharmacology, socioeconomic use, trade and governance, microorganic symbiosis, and climate change vulnerability. En raison d'exploitation abusive du bois de rose africain (Pterocarpus erinaceus) depuis plusieurs décennies et des menaces qui pèsent sur sa durabilité, de multiples efforts des chercheurs ont permis de conduire des travaux de recherche et de produire des connaissances pour assurer sa restauration et sa conservation. La multiplicité des travaux de recherche et des connaissances produites fait apparaitre certaines lacunes qui ne favorisent pas le développement d'une stratégie cohérente pour la conservation et la gestion durable de l'espèce, ces connaissances produites ne sont pas assez bien structurées, sont disparates et parfois contradic","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"129 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48719473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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