Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822836282482
A. Folefack, D. Darr
HIGHLIGHTS Sawyers were categorized into professional sawyers, semi-professional sawyers, upper survivalist sawyers, and lower survivalist sawyers according to their socio-economic characteristics. Professional and semi-professional sawyers logged timber above their quota limit and targeted high-value tree species. Legalizing artisanal chainsaw milling (CSM) avoids bribes, induces higher labour productivity and creates positive forest externalities. Legalizing artisanal CSM leads to higher net profit, profit margin, added value, social welfare and a lower Gini coefficient suggesting a more equitable income share. Government should use legal tax revenues to improve the informal CSM sector, grant credit, fight corruption and to encourage reforestation programs. SUMMARY Cameroon has been at the centre of global concerns about illegal timber logging for several decades, much of which has been driven by the informal timber sector. Hence, this study was conducted with the objectives to assess the benefits gained by different sawyer categories undertaking illegal timber logging and compare them to simulated legal benefits in order to envisage solutions to legalize the activity. Our results indicate that in spite of its supplementary tax expenses, legal timber logging would lead to higher net profit, profit margin, value added, social welfare and a lower Gini coefficient because the legally produced timber avoids the payment of bribes, is sold at higher prices, induces higher labour productivity and positive externalities from safeguarded forests. Hence, the full enforcement of the provisions of the 1994 Forestry Law to legalize artisanal chainsaw milling activities in Cameroon is recommended. Le Cameroun a été depuis plusieurs décennies au centre d'intérêt global à propos de l'exploitation illégale du bois, majoritairement dominée par le secteur informel. Cette étude a donc été conduite dans le but d'évaluer les bénéfices gagnés par les différentes catégories de scieurs engagées dans l'exploitation illégale du bois et les comparer aux bénéfices légaux simulés en vue d'envisager des solutions pour légaliser cette activité. Nos résultats indiquent qu'en dépit de ses dépenses supplémentaires dues aux taxes, l'exploitation légale du bois conduirait à un(e) plus grand(e) profit net, marge bénéficiaire, valeur ajoutée, bénéfice social et un plus petit coefficient de Gini parce que le bois produit légalement est exempt du paiement de pourboires, est vendu plus cher, induit à une productivité élevée de main d'œuvre et fournit des externalités positives à travers la conservation des forêts. Par conséquent, l'étude recommande le respect total des dispositions de la loi forestière de 1994 en vue de légaliser les activités du sciage artisanal à la tronçonneuse au Cameroun. Camerún ha estado en el foco de la preocupación mundial por la tala ilegal de madera durante varias décadas, en gran parte impulsada por el sector maderero informal. Este estudio se llevó a cabo
根据锯工的社会经济特征，将锯工分为专业锯工、半专业锯工、上层锯工和下层锯工。专业和半专业的锯木工人砍伐超过配额限制的木材，并针对高价值树种。使手工链锯铣削(CSM)合法化可以避免贿赂，提高劳动生产率，并产生积极的森林外部性。手工CSM合法化带来更高的净利润、利润率、附加值和社会福利，基尼系数降低，表明收入分配更公平。政府应该利用合法的税收来改善非正规的CSM部门，提供信贷，打击腐败，鼓励重新造林项目。几十年来，喀麦隆一直是全球关注非法伐木的中心，其中大部分是由非正规木材部门推动的。因此，进行这项研究的目的是评估从事非法木材采伐的不同锯木类别所获得的利益，并将其与模拟的合法利益进行比较，以便设想使该活动合法化的解决方案。我们的研究结果表明，尽管有额外的税收支出，但合法采伐木材会带来更高的净利润、利润率、增加值、社会福利和更低的基尼系数，因为合法采伐木材避免了贿赂，以更高的价格出售，导致更高的劳动生产率和保护森林的正外部性。因此，建议充分执行1994年《森林法》的规定，使喀麦隆的手工链锯铣削活动合法化。喀麦隆是一名代表，是一名代表，是一名代表，是一名代表，是一名代表，是一名代表，是一名代表，是一名代表，是一名代表。这个练习曲一所以高频conduite在但d 'evaluer les圣俸赢票面不同类别de scieurs参与在l 'exploitation illegale杜波依斯等与辅助圣俸legaux一起在vue d 'envisager倒合法化这个activite des的解决方案。号结果瞿indiquent没有depit de ses depenses supplementaires会费辅助税收,l 'exploitation legale杜波依斯conduirait联合国(e) +大(e)利润净,玛姬beneficiaire, ajoutee的数值,圣俸社会等联合国+小德基尼系数因为木香产品legalement免除du paiement de酒钱,est地加上雪儿代购契约,一个productivite elevee de主要d 'œuvre et des externalites fournit阳性forets travers la保护。与此同时，该组织建议遵守1994年林业组织的全部规定，并将其与喀麦隆手工农业组织的活动的规定联系起来。Camerún墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥墨西哥Este estudio se llevó a cabo conlos objtitivos de evaluationlos benetivos objtitivos de evaluationlos benetivos objtitivos forevaluationlos benetivos forfortitivos forfortitivos不同categorías de aserradores que practice la taltala非法的madera通过比较，de benetivos legleges simulados conteverversoliones para legalizar la actividad。Los resultados indican que, a pesar de Los gastos financies adiconales, la tala legal de madera daría lugar a aumento del beneficio neto, margen de beneficio, valor añadido y bienestar social y menor coefficient de Gini, ya que la madera productmente legalmente no requiere pago de sobornos, se vende a precios más altos, y fomenta a mayor productvida和laboratives externalidades positivas de Los bosques conservados。请参阅1994年《关于森林管理的全体会议建议aplicación》和《关于森林管理的全体会议建议aserrío》和《关于森林管理的全体会议建议Camerún》。
{"title":"Implications of Legalizing Artisanal Chainsaw Milling on Social Welfare, Income Distribution and the Economic Performance of Sawyers in Cameroon","authors":"A. Folefack, D. Darr","doi":"10.1505/146554822836282482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822836282482","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Sawyers were categorized into professional sawyers, semi-professional sawyers, upper survivalist sawyers, and lower survivalist sawyers according to their socio-economic characteristics. Professional and semi-professional sawyers logged timber above their quota limit and targeted high-value tree species. Legalizing artisanal chainsaw milling (CSM) avoids bribes, induces higher labour productivity and creates positive forest externalities. Legalizing artisanal CSM leads to higher net profit, profit margin, added value, social welfare and a lower Gini coefficient suggesting a more equitable income share. Government should use legal tax revenues to improve the informal CSM sector, grant credit, fight corruption and to encourage reforestation programs. SUMMARY Cameroon has been at the centre of global concerns about illegal timber logging for several decades, much of which has been driven by the informal timber sector. Hence, this study was conducted with the objectives to assess the benefits gained by different sawyer categories undertaking illegal timber logging and compare them to simulated legal benefits in order to envisage solutions to legalize the activity. Our results indicate that in spite of its supplementary tax expenses, legal timber logging would lead to higher net profit, profit margin, value added, social welfare and a lower Gini coefficient because the legally produced timber avoids the payment of bribes, is sold at higher prices, induces higher labour productivity and positive externalities from safeguarded forests. Hence, the full enforcement of the provisions of the 1994 Forestry Law to legalize artisanal chainsaw milling activities in Cameroon is recommended. Le Cameroun a été depuis plusieurs décennies au centre d'intérêt global à propos de l'exploitation illégale du bois, majoritairement dominée par le secteur informel. Cette étude a donc été conduite dans le but d'évaluer les bénéfices gagnés par les différentes catégories de scieurs engagées dans l'exploitation illégale du bois et les comparer aux bénéfices légaux simulés en vue d'envisager des solutions pour légaliser cette activité. Nos résultats indiquent qu'en dépit de ses dépenses supplémentaires dues aux taxes, l'exploitation légale du bois conduirait à un(e) plus grand(e) profit net, marge bénéficiaire, valeur ajoutée, bénéfice social et un plus petit coefficient de Gini parce que le bois produit légalement est exempt du paiement de pourboires, est vendu plus cher, induit à une productivité élevée de main d'œuvre et fournit des externalités positives à travers la conservation des forêts. Par conséquent, l'étude recommande le respect total des dispositions de la loi forestière de 1994 en vue de légaliser les activités du sciage artisanal à la tronçonneuse au Cameroun. Camerún ha estado en el foco de la preocupación mundial por la tala ilegal de madera durante varias décadas, en gran parte impulsada por el sector maderero informal. Este estudio se llevó a cabo ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"534 - 559"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46319567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822836282509
G. Karki, R. Kunwar, B. Bhatta, N. Devkota
HIGHLIGHTS Warming in Nepal's middle-hill and the mountainous regions is significant. Increasing temperature and erratic rainfall in Kaski and Tanahu districts has been recorded. Forest fire, flood and landslide are frequent climate induced disasters. Forests with a limited range of elevation, bioclimate, species richness, habitats and culture have compromised levels of resilience. Reforestation, agroforestry and traditional forest managment practices are common responses to combat climate change. SUMMARY In order to appraise climate change effects and adaptation practices in the forestry sector in Nepal, community forests in Tanahu and Kaski districts, representing tropical and temperate bioclimates respectively, were studied through a literature review, field observation, questionnaire survey and key informant interviews. Although it is clear that climate change is resulting in warmer temperatures, more erratic rainfall, deeper and more prolonged droughts, pervasive landslides and frequent floods and forest-fires, the effects are varied at the district level. The community forests of Tanahu are less resilient as they have limited elevational and bioclimatic range, and forest plant species and habitats, and are vulnerable to forest fire and overgrazing, whereas that of Kaski district cover a wide range of altitude and bioclimate, harboring a diverse range of plant species, habitats and traditional culture and, consequently, are highlighted for conservation by the forest authority. In order to make community forestry more resilient, embracing local adaptation is suggested with the aim of enhancing traditional forest management practices, lessening climate change hazards and increasing conservation trade-offs through strengthening the ownership of local communities and improving the circularity of forest service generation and consumption. Afin d'évaluer les effets du changement climatique et les pratiques adaptatives dans le secteur forestier au Népal, les forêts communautaires des districts de Tanahu et de Kaski, qui représentent respectivement un bioclimat tropical et tempéré, ont été étudiées par une analyse de la littérature, une observation sur le terrain, un questionnaire d'enquête et des interviews d'informateurs-clé. Bien qu'il soit clair que le changement climatique résulte en des températures plus élevées, des pluies irrégulières et des périodes de sécheresses plus étendues, des glissements de terrains à répétition ainsi par que des incendies et des inondations fréquentes, ces effets varient au niveau des districts. Les forêts communautaires de Tanahu sont moins résistantes du fait de leur plage bioclimatique et d'élévation limitée, tout comme leurs habitats et leurs espèces forestières restreintes. Elles sont vulnérables aux feux de forêt et au surpâturage. Les forêts du district de Kaski recouvrent quant à elles une vaste plage d'altitudes et de bioclimats, possédant un éventail d'espèces de plantes, d'habitats et de culture tradition
尼泊尔中山和山区的变暖非常明显。Kaski和Tanahu地区的气温上升和降雨不稳定已被记录在案。森林火灾、洪水和滑坡是常见的气候灾害。海拔高度、生物气候、物种丰富度、栖息地和文化范围有限的森林，其恢复能力受到损害。重新造林、农林业和传统森林管理做法是应对气候变化的常见对策。为了评估尼泊尔林业部门的气候变化影响和适应措施，本研究通过文献综述、实地观察、问卷调查和关键信息者访谈等方法，对代表热带和温带生物气候的Tanahu和Kaski地区的社区森林进行了研究。虽然很明显，气候变化正在导致气温升高、降雨更加不稳定、干旱更加严重和持续时间更长、普遍存在的山体滑坡以及频繁的洪水和森林火灾，但其影响在地区一级各不相同。塔纳胡的社区森林的恢复能力较差，因为它们的海拔和生物气候范围有限，森林植物物种和栖息地有限，容易受到森林火灾和过度放牧的影响，而卡斯基地区的社区森林覆盖了广泛的海拔和生物气候范围，拥有多种植物物种、栖息地和传统文化，因此受到森林当局的重点保护。为了使社区林业更具复原力，建议采用地方适应措施，通过加强当地社区的所有权和改善森林服务产生和消费的循环，加强传统森林管理做法，减少气候变化危害，增加保护权衡。Afin d 'evaluer les运用du换向机构的避暑等les检疫adaptatives在secteur弗赖斯节盟尼泊尔,les forets施行des地区de Tanahu et de Kaski, representent respectivement联合国bioclimat热带坦佩雷,安大略省的研讨会学习一个分析de la litterature,一个观察关于地形,d 'enquete et des采访d 'informateurs-cle联合国调查问卷。Bien qu'il soit clair que le changement:气候变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化、天气变化。塔纳胡岛的<s:1>社区组织(communaecomtres de Tanahu)将moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - moins - rs - res - res - restreintes。所以，我们要把脆弱的<s:1> <s:1> <s:1>材料和其他的<s:1>材料结合起来。Les forets杜区德Kaski recouvrent量化一个它们一个vaste海滨滑雪场的et de bioclimats possedant联合国eventail d 'especes de植物园d 'habitats et de traditionnelles不同文化。因此，在保护森林方面，我们提出了一种新的方法。在适应环境的过程中，我们提出了一种新的方法，即:将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来，将交换交换的林业与传统林业结合起来。关于森林灾害影响评价的具体目标:climático . prácticas . adaptación .尼泊尔森林部门，分别代表热带和热带生物气候的塔纳湖和卡什基地区的森林灾害影响评价，中期的森林灾害评价revisión bibliográfica .热带和热带生物气候评价，森林灾害评价，森林灾害评价，森林灾害评价。Aunque esta克拉洛雪茄烟,埃尔卡:climatico esta provocando temperaturas mas calidas,洛杉矶会对儿子的菜肴含量直辖区,科莫lluvias mas不规则,sequias mas要塞y prolongadas deslizamientos de tierra generalizados y frecuentes inundaciones e incendios受影响。林木群落群落的林木群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，林木生长的群落，Están designados poras autoridades forestales para su conservación。 使社区林业变得道路,建议采取适应本地的旨在改进森林管理的传统做法,降低气候变化的威胁和风险增加养护承诺通过加强当地社区所有权和改进新一代circularidad森林和消费服务。
{"title":"Climate Change Effects, Adaptation and Community-Based Forest Management in the Mid-Hills of Tanahu and Kaski Districts, Nepal","authors":"G. Karki, R. Kunwar, B. Bhatta, N. Devkota","doi":"10.1505/146554822836282509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822836282509","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Warming in Nepal's middle-hill and the mountainous regions is significant. Increasing temperature and erratic rainfall in Kaski and Tanahu districts has been recorded. Forest fire, flood and landslide are frequent climate induced disasters. Forests with a limited range of elevation, bioclimate, species richness, habitats and culture have compromised levels of resilience. Reforestation, agroforestry and traditional forest managment practices are common responses to combat climate change. SUMMARY In order to appraise climate change effects and adaptation practices in the forestry sector in Nepal, community forests in Tanahu and Kaski districts, representing tropical and temperate bioclimates respectively, were studied through a literature review, field observation, questionnaire survey and key informant interviews. Although it is clear that climate change is resulting in warmer temperatures, more erratic rainfall, deeper and more prolonged droughts, pervasive landslides and frequent floods and forest-fires, the effects are varied at the district level. The community forests of Tanahu are less resilient as they have limited elevational and bioclimatic range, and forest plant species and habitats, and are vulnerable to forest fire and overgrazing, whereas that of Kaski district cover a wide range of altitude and bioclimate, harboring a diverse range of plant species, habitats and traditional culture and, consequently, are highlighted for conservation by the forest authority. In order to make community forestry more resilient, embracing local adaptation is suggested with the aim of enhancing traditional forest management practices, lessening climate change hazards and increasing conservation trade-offs through strengthening the ownership of local communities and improving the circularity of forest service generation and consumption. Afin d'évaluer les effets du changement climatique et les pratiques adaptatives dans le secteur forestier au Népal, les forêts communautaires des districts de Tanahu et de Kaski, qui représentent respectivement un bioclimat tropical et tempéré, ont été étudiées par une analyse de la littérature, une observation sur le terrain, un questionnaire d'enquête et des interviews d'informateurs-clé. Bien qu'il soit clair que le changement climatique résulte en des températures plus élevées, des pluies irrégulières et des périodes de sécheresses plus étendues, des glissements de terrains à répétition ainsi par que des incendies et des inondations fréquentes, ces effets varient au niveau des districts. Les forêts communautaires de Tanahu sont moins résistantes du fait de leur plage bioclimatique et d'élévation limitée, tout comme leurs habitats et leurs espèces forestières restreintes. Elles sont vulnérables aux feux de forêt et au surpâturage. Les forêts du district de Kaski recouvrent quant à elles une vaste plage d'altitudes et de bioclimats, possédant un éventail d'espèces de plantes, d'habitats et de culture tradition","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"573 - 593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43784665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822836282491
S. Assembe-Mvondo, A. Kan
HIGHLIGHTS Empirical evidence demonstrate a strong connection between the illegal wildlife trade and illegal logging in Cameroon. The two criminal phenomena use vast organized networks from upstream to downstream through the middle/meso and the transversal level. Both illegal practices generate similar negative impacts at the levels of biodiversity, socio-economic factors, and finances for both the state and local communities. Sources/areas of supply are commonly forest concessions and protected areas. The destination for the illegal goods are mainly urban zones (domestic consumption) and Asian markets (exportation). SUMMARY Illegal exploitation of wildlife and forest resources are part of transnational crime, in which Cameroon plays a part. A review of documentation, interviews with key experts, and collection of field data in the markets and ports of the Cameroon's three main cities enabled the gathering of information on connections and synergies between these two criminal acts. The empirical evidence presented in this study demonstrates a strong connection between the illegal wildlife trade and illegal logging in Cameroon. These two areas of criminal activity maintain synergies through bad governance, weakening of rule of law, mafia connections between the two groups' actors involved and sharing access routes. Both result in negative ecological and socio-economic impacts. L'exploitation de la faune et des ressources forestières font partie des activités criminelles transnationales, dans lesquelles le Cameroun joue un rôle. Un examen de la documentation, des interviews avec des experts et un recueil des données sur le terrain dans les marchés et les ports des trois villes principales du Cameroun ont permis de réunir des informations sur les connexions et les synergies entre ces deux activités criminelles. Les preuves empiriques présentées dans cette étude démontrent une forte connexion entre le commerce illégal de la faune et le commerce illégal du bois au Cameroun. Ces deux domaines d'activité criminelle conservent une synergie due à une mauvaise gestion, à un affaiblissement de la règle de droit, et à des connexions avec la mafia chez les acteurs des deux groupes impliqués, qui partagent les mêmes routes d'accès. Ces deux activités produisent des impacts écologiques et socio-économiques négatifs. La explotación ilegal de la fauna y los recursos forestales forma parte de la delincuencia transnacional en la que participa Camerún. Una revisión de documentación, entrevistas a personas expertas clave y la recopilación de datos sobre el terreno en los mercados y puertos de las tres principales ciudades de Camerún permitieron reunir información sobre las conexiones y sinergias entre estos dos actos delictivos. Las pruebas empíricas presentadas en este estudio demuestran una fuerte conexión entre el comercio ilegal de fauna silvestre y la tala ilegal en Camerún. Estos dos ámbitos de actividad delictiva mantienen sinergias favorecidas por la mala gob
强调经验证据表明喀麦隆非法野生动物贸易与非法伐木之间存在着密切联系。这两种犯罪现象在中/中观和横向层面使用了大量有组织的网络，从上游到下游。这两种非法做法对国家和地方社区的生物多样性、社会经济因素和财政产生了类似的负面影响。供应来源/地区是公共森林特许权和保护区。非法商品的目的地主要是城市地区（国内消费）和亚洲市场（出口）。非法开采野生动物和森林资源是跨国犯罪的一部分，喀麦隆对此也有贡献。对喀麦隆三个主要城市市场和港口的文件审查、对主要专家的访谈和实地数据收集，使收集关于这两项犯罪行为之间的联系和协同作用的信息成为可能。本研究中提出的经验证据表明，喀麦隆的非法野生动物贸易与非法伐木之间存在着密切联系。这两个犯罪活动领域通过治理不善、法治薄弱、涉及的两个行为者群体之间的黑手党联系和共享通道保持协同作用。两者都会产生负面生态和社会经济影响。开采野生动物和森林资源是跨国犯罪活动的一部分，喀麦隆在其中发挥了作用。通过文件审查、专家访谈和喀麦隆三个主要城市市场和港口的实地数据收集，收集了关于这两种犯罪活动之间联系和协同作用的信息。本研究中提出的经验证据表明，喀麦隆非法野生动物贸易与非法木材贸易之间存在着密切联系。这两个犯罪活动领域由于管理不善、法治削弱以及两个集团参与者之间的黑手党联系而保持协同作用，这两个集团共享相同的通道。这两项活动都产生了负面的生态和社会经济影响。动物群和森林资源的非法解释是Camerún参与的跨国家Delincuencia的一部分。对文件的修订，对专家的了解，以及对市场和主要城市的数据的重新记录，允许收集有关犯罪行为的信息。Las pruebas empíricas presentadas en este estudio demuestran una fuerte conexión entre el comercio ilegal de fauna silvestre y la tala ilegal en camerún。Estos dosámbitos de actividad deliciva mantienen sinergias favorecidas por la mala gobernanza，el debilitamiento del estado de derecho，las conexiones mafiosas entre los actores de los grupos implicados y el hecho de compatir rutas de acceso。Ambos tienen un impacto ecológico y socioeconómico negativo。
{"title":"An Overview of Interactions between Wildlife and Forest Illegalities in Cameroon","authors":"S. Assembe-Mvondo, A. Kan","doi":"10.1505/146554822836282491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822836282491","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS Empirical evidence demonstrate a strong connection between the illegal wildlife trade and illegal logging in Cameroon. The two criminal phenomena use vast organized networks from upstream to downstream through the middle/meso and the transversal level. Both illegal practices generate similar negative impacts at the levels of biodiversity, socio-economic factors, and finances for both the state and local communities. Sources/areas of supply are commonly forest concessions and protected areas. The destination for the illegal goods are mainly urban zones (domestic consumption) and Asian markets (exportation). SUMMARY Illegal exploitation of wildlife and forest resources are part of transnational crime, in which Cameroon plays a part. A review of documentation, interviews with key experts, and collection of field data in the markets and ports of the Cameroon's three main cities enabled the gathering of information on connections and synergies between these two criminal acts. The empirical evidence presented in this study demonstrates a strong connection between the illegal wildlife trade and illegal logging in Cameroon. These two areas of criminal activity maintain synergies through bad governance, weakening of rule of law, mafia connections between the two groups' actors involved and sharing access routes. Both result in negative ecological and socio-economic impacts. L'exploitation de la faune et des ressources forestières font partie des activités criminelles transnationales, dans lesquelles le Cameroun joue un rôle. Un examen de la documentation, des interviews avec des experts et un recueil des données sur le terrain dans les marchés et les ports des trois villes principales du Cameroun ont permis de réunir des informations sur les connexions et les synergies entre ces deux activités criminelles. Les preuves empiriques présentées dans cette étude démontrent une forte connexion entre le commerce illégal de la faune et le commerce illégal du bois au Cameroun. Ces deux domaines d'activité criminelle conservent une synergie due à une mauvaise gestion, à un affaiblissement de la règle de droit, et à des connexions avec la mafia chez les acteurs des deux groupes impliqués, qui partagent les mêmes routes d'accès. Ces deux activités produisent des impacts écologiques et socio-économiques négatifs. La explotación ilegal de la fauna y los recursos forestales forma parte de la delincuencia transnacional en la que participa Camerún. Una revisión de documentación, entrevistas a personas expertas clave y la recopilación de datos sobre el terreno en los mercados y puertos de las tres principales ciudades de Camerún permitieron reunir información sobre las conexiones y sinergias entre estos dos actos delictivos. Las pruebas empíricas presentadas en este estudio demuestran una fuerte conexión entre el comercio ilegal de fauna silvestre y la tala ilegal en Camerún. Estos dos ámbitos de actividad delictiva mantienen sinergias favorecidas por la mala gob","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"459 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43963336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.1177/09646639221076099
Esther Nir, Jennifer Musial
COVID-19 placed unprecedented strains on criminal court systems, necessitating moves to digital platforms with little preparation. To study the influence of virtual courtrooms on defendant rights (e.g. effective assistance of counsel, speedy and public trials, among others), we qualitatively analyzed the journals of 44 student court watchers, documenting their observations of online court proceedings in a single state in the Northeastern United States. We find that virtual courtrooms are highly disorganized and fraught with technical malfunctions, compromising defendants' appearances online, and impeding their ability to confer with counsel and address the court. Defendants with less access to digital platforms and incarcerated individuals are disproportionately impacted. Further, court actors tend to treat virtual court in a casual manner and are often unprepared to litigate cases, resulting in undue delays, and extended periods of pre-trial detention. Policy recommendations to improve technologies and administrative procedures are discussed.
{"title":"Zooming In: Courtrooms and Defendants' Rights during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Esther Nir, Jennifer Musial","doi":"10.1177/09646639221076099","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09646639221076099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 placed unprecedented strains on criminal court systems, necessitating moves to digital platforms with little preparation. To study the influence of virtual courtrooms on defendant rights (e.g. effective assistance of counsel, speedy and public trials, among others), we qualitatively analyzed the journals of 44 student court watchers, documenting their observations of online court proceedings in a single state in the Northeastern United States. We find that virtual courtrooms are highly disorganized and fraught with technical malfunctions, compromising defendants' appearances online, and impeding their ability to confer with counsel and address the court. Defendants with less access to digital platforms and incarcerated individuals are disproportionately impacted. Further, court actors tend to treat virtual court in a casual manner and are often unprepared to litigate cases, resulting in undue delays, and extended periods of pre-trial detention. Policy recommendations to improve technologies and administrative procedures are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"725-745"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8804712/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90880866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941878
Ulrich Roos, G. Lidestav, S. Sandström, P. Sandström
HIGHLIGHTS The concept of samråd is an institutional arrangement for deliberation and conflict mitigation between reindeer husbandry and forestry in Sweden. The understandings and expectations of samråd differ among actors in terms of procedure, issues, efficiency and outcomes. The shift from centralized samråd between authorities to a system with local samråd between land users has not undermined forestry's position as the dominant actor. As compared to the traditional understanding, a watered-down meaning of samråd has evolved where the samråd practice has merely become an instrument for information gathering. The development of participatory mapping suggests potential for new thinking about current power relations in samråd. SUMMARY In northern Sweden, forestry and reindeer husbandry overlap spatially and judicially. To mitigate conflicting objectives regarding land use, the concept of “samråd” has been introduced as a form of institutional arrangement of environmental politics. This study explores how stakeholders have interpreted this concept and corresponding processes from its first introduction in 1923 to 2019. Language, including the cartographic language, is regarded as a mean for argumentation. Results show that the understandings and expectations of samråd differ among actors in terms of procedure, issues, efficiency and outcomes. As compared to the lexical definition and understanding, the samråd practice has merely become an instrument for information exchange before decisions are made, rather than a functional arrangement for conflict mitigation. This ambiguity is in parallel to a deregulated forest policy and a watered-down meaning of samråd in public administration. However, the transformative potential of participatory mapping suggests a new way of thinking about power relations in land use matters within the framework of samråd. La foresterie et l'élevage des rennes se chevauchent judiciairement et dans l'espace en Suède du nord. Pour atténuer les objectifs conflictuels quant à l'utilisation des terres, le concept de ‘samråd’ a été introduit en tant que forme d'arrangement institutionnel des politiques environnementales. Cette étude explore la manière avec laquelle les parties prenantes ont interprété ce concept et les processus lui correspondant depuis son introduction initiale en 1923, jusqu'à 2019. Le langage, langage cartographique inclus, est considéré comme outil d'argumentation. Les résultats indiquent que les compréhensions du samråd et les attentes qui lui sont liées diffèrent parmi les acteurs, en termes de procédure, des problèmes, de l'efficacité et des résultats. Comparé à sa définition lexicale et à la compréhension dont il est l'objet, la pratique du samråd n'est devenue qu'un simple instrument d'échange d'information avant les prises de décision, au lieu de l’arrangement fonctionnel d’une atténuation des conflits qu’il est censé incarner. Cette ambigüité existe en parallèle avec une politique forestière dérèglem
samramatd的概念是瑞典驯鹿畜牧业和林业之间的审议和缓解冲突的制度安排。在程序、问题、效率和结果方面，行为者对抽样调查的理解和期望各不相同。从当局之间的集中采伐到土地使用者之间的地方采伐制度的转变并没有削弱林业作为主导角色的地位。与传统的理解相比，samr<s:1>的淡化含义已经演变，samr<s:1>实践仅仅成为信息收集的工具。参与式制图的发展表明，有可能对非洲当前的权力关系进行新的思考。在瑞典北部，林业和驯鹿畜牧业在空间和司法上重叠。为了减轻关于土地使用的相互冲突的目标，引入了“samr<s:1>”的概念，作为环境政治的一种制度安排形式。本研究探讨了利益相关者如何解释这一概念以及从1923年首次引入到2019年的相应过程。语言，包括地图语言，被认为是论证的手段。结果表明，不同行为体对samr<s:1>的理解和期望在程序、问题、效率和结果方面存在差异。与词汇定义和理解相比，samr<s:1>实践仅仅成为在作出决定之前交换信息的工具，而不是缓解冲突的功能性安排。这种模棱两可与解除管制的森林政策和淡化公共行政中samr<s:1>的含义是平行的。然而，参与式制图的变革潜力提出了在samr<s:1>框架内思考土地利用问题中的权力关系的新方法。林业管理部门和林业管理部门的管理部门和司法部门的管理部门的管理部门。将“samrass”这一概念引入“政治制度和环境的安排”这一重要概念。这个练习曲探索的方式用的那个里面的聚会她解释这个概念等les突起囡代理行从儿子介绍initiale en 1923年,一直到2019年。语言，包括语言制图学在内，大多数人都认为是由论证得来的。它是指单独的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的、不同的。比较一下，例如，<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Cette ambiguise <s:1>存在en paralllele avec une politique foretitires, danci.9cha.com, danci.9cha.com, danci.9cha.com, danci.9cha.com, danci.9cha.com, danci.9cha.com。在复仇的过程中，潜在的制图变革、参与性建议、新概念、新概念、新概念、新概念、新概念、新概念、新概念、新概念和新概念。在瑞典北部，森林文化与森林文化与森林文化之间的联系，特别是在司法方面。Para mitigar los目标是矛盾的，例如relación con el uso de la tierra，它引入了“samr<s:1>”概念，同时也引入了“acuerdo institudo de las políticas medioambientales”。Este estudio explorora cómo通过设计流程来解释Este概念introducción en 1923 hasta 2019。El langguaje，包括El cartográfico，可以考虑使用media de argumentación。结果是通过预期的调查结果和不同的调查结果，如调查程序、问题、效率和结果。e comparación con la definición y comprensión <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>通讯装置，e práctica del samr<s:1>和e . e . e . e . a . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . práctica e . e . e . e . e . e . e . práctica e . e . e . e . e . e . e . e . prácticaEsta模棱两可的<e:1> edad功能，在平行的一个una política森林无序通过一个显着的稀释del samratla administración pública。在禁运期间，古巴的潜在变革者cartografía参与了一项新形式的改革，并与古巴的新形式、新材料和新材料的关系、新材料的关系、新材料的关系、新材料的关系、新材料的关系、新材料的关系和新材料的关系。I norra Sverige finns rätten at bedriva skogsbruk och renkötsel pembrosamma marker。För at minska konflikterna mellan de tv<s:1> olika markanspramatken har“samr<s:1>”tillämpats, vilket kan betraktas som tt miljö- och näringspolitiskt motivat förfarande。Den här studen utforskar betydelsen av samr<s:1> för skogsbrukets och renskötselns sakägare fr<s:1>介绍从1923年到2019年。
{"title":"Samråd: An Institutional Arrangement in the Context of Forestry and Reindeer Husbandry in Northern Sweden","authors":"Ulrich Roos, G. Lidestav, S. Sandström, P. Sandström","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941878","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The concept of samråd is an institutional arrangement for deliberation and conflict mitigation between reindeer husbandry and forestry in Sweden. The understandings and expectations of samråd differ among actors in terms of procedure, issues, efficiency and outcomes. The shift from centralized samråd between authorities to a system with local samråd between land users has not undermined forestry's position as the dominant actor. As compared to the traditional understanding, a watered-down meaning of samråd has evolved where the samråd practice has merely become an instrument for information gathering. The development of participatory mapping suggests potential for new thinking about current power relations in samråd. SUMMARY In northern Sweden, forestry and reindeer husbandry overlap spatially and judicially. To mitigate conflicting objectives regarding land use, the concept of “samråd” has been introduced as a form of institutional arrangement of environmental politics. This study explores how stakeholders have interpreted this concept and corresponding processes from its first introduction in 1923 to 2019. Language, including the cartographic language, is regarded as a mean for argumentation. Results show that the understandings and expectations of samråd differ among actors in terms of procedure, issues, efficiency and outcomes. As compared to the lexical definition and understanding, the samråd practice has merely become an instrument for information exchange before decisions are made, rather than a functional arrangement for conflict mitigation. This ambiguity is in parallel to a deregulated forest policy and a watered-down meaning of samråd in public administration. However, the transformative potential of participatory mapping suggests a new way of thinking about power relations in land use matters within the framework of samråd. La foresterie et l'élevage des rennes se chevauchent judiciairement et dans l'espace en Suède du nord. Pour atténuer les objectifs conflictuels quant à l'utilisation des terres, le concept de ‘samråd’ a été introduit en tant que forme d'arrangement institutionnel des politiques environnementales. Cette étude explore la manière avec laquelle les parties prenantes ont interprété ce concept et les processus lui correspondant depuis son introduction initiale en 1923, jusqu'à 2019. Le langage, langage cartographique inclus, est considéré comme outil d'argumentation. Les résultats indiquent que les compréhensions du samråd et les attentes qui lui sont liées diffèrent parmi les acteurs, en termes de procédure, des problèmes, de l'efficacité et des résultats. Comparé à sa définition lexicale et à la compréhension dont il est l'objet, la pratique du samråd n'est devenue qu'un simple instrument d'échange d'information avant les prises de décision, au lieu de l’arrangement fonctionnel d’une atténuation des conflits qu’il est censé incarner. Cette ambigüité existe en parallèle avec une politique forestière dérèglem","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"441 - 457"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48362550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941904
Izzuddin Musthafa, Y. Youn
HIGHLIGHTS The theory of planned behaviour is a useful tool to establish the link between the traditional forest management practice of tagal hutan with the global regime of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+). Among the 4 main construct of theory of planned behaviour tested only attitude and perceived behaviour control have positive influence on the Kadazandusun head household willingness to participate in the future REDD+ project activities. Social norm and customary norm have no significant influence on the Kadazandusun head household willingness to participate in the future REDD+ project activities. Head household socio-demographic characteristics of household size, age, and prior experience as leaders or committee members in the village have positive influence on indigenous people willingness to participate in the future REDD+ project activities. This study may aid in future REDD+ project implementation by indicating possible interventions that can increase the motivation of indigenous people to participate in future projects. SUMMARY The Kadazandusun people of Sabah have practiced traditional forest management of tagal hutan or prohibited forests. An official development assistance (ODA) project under REDD+ implementation scheme targets tagal hutan forests in Sabah, with the participation of the indigenous people. Through the theory of planned behaviour, this study assesses the link between attitude, social norms, customary norms, and perceived behaviour control on Kadazandusun people's intentions to participate in future REDD+ project activities. We found out that attitude and perceived behaviour control affect intentions to participate in future REDD+ project activities meanwhile social norm and customary norm were otherwise. Socio-demographic factors, such as household size, age, and prior experience as leaders or committee members in the village, also influence the intentions to participate in future REDD+ project activities. This study may help predict the acceptance of REDD+ activities among indigenous people in Sabah and help design more effective REDD+ projects. Les peuples Kadazandusun de Sabah ont pratiqué une gestion forestière traditionnelle du tagal hutan dans des forêts prohibées. Un projet officiel d'assistance au développement (ODA) sous l'égide d'une mise en œuvre de la réduction des émissions provenant de la déforestation et de la dégradation forestière dans les pays en voie de développement, du rôle de la conservation de la gestion durable des forêts et d'une fortification des stocks de carbone des forêts dans les pays en voie de développement (REDD+) vise les forêts de tagal hutan, au Sabah, avec la participation des populations locales. A l'aide de la théorie de comportement planifié, cette étude évalue le lien entre l'attitude, les nor
计划行为理论是一个有用的工具，可以在传统的森林管理实践与减少发展中国家毁林和森林退化造成的排放的全球制度之间建立联系，以及在发展中国家保护、可持续管理森林和增加森林碳储量(REDD+)的作用。在被测计划行为理论的4个主要构念中，只有态度和感知行为控制对卡达赞杜孙户主家庭参与未来REDD+项目活动的意愿有正向影响。社会规范和习惯规范对Kadazandusun户主家庭参与未来REDD+项目活动的意愿没有显著影响。户主家庭的社会人口特征，如家庭规模、年龄和以前在村庄担任领导或委员会成员的经验，对土著人民参与未来REDD+项目活动的意愿有积极影响。这项研究可能有助于未来REDD+项目的实施，指出可能的干预措施可以增加土著人民参与未来项目的动机。沙巴州的Kadazandusun人实行传统的禁林管理。REDD+执行计划下的一个官方发展援助项目以沙巴的塔加尔胡坦森林为目标，有土著人民参与。通过计划行为理论，本研究评估了态度、社会规范、习惯规范和感知行为控制对卡达赞度孙人参与未来REDD+项目活动意愿的影响。我们发现态度和感知行为控制影响未来参与REDD+项目活动的意愿，而社会规范和习惯规范则不影响。社会人口因素，如家庭规模、年龄以及以前在村庄担任领导或委员会成员的经验，也会影响参与未来REDD+项目活动的意愿。这项研究可能有助于预测沙巴土著居民对REDD+活动的接受程度，并有助于设计更有效的REDD+项目。萨巴州卡达桑和苏巴州人民对林业问题提出了一项建议，即传统意义上的林业问题。联合国项目官方援助项目(官方发展援助项目)包括:1 .在萨巴州的萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在人口和地方的参与，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，1 .在萨巴州，3 .在人口和地方的参与。A l'aide de the comestorie de comestement planicfifiv .， A l'aide de comestorie de attitude, s s sociales, s s normes habituelles, e e ' perpous de comestement sur les intentions du people .， A l'aide de comestorie de comestement。Nous avons dastouve de attitude和peru du comement影响了参与者的意愿，影响了REDD+未来项目，影响了社会规范和习惯，影响了反对者的意愿。“社会因素”，“社会因素”，“社会因素”，“社会因素”，“社会因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”，“经验因素”。在沙巴州，制定了关于实施“REDD+”项目的计划，并制定了“REDD+ +”项目和“REDD+ +”项目。萨巴州卡达山-杜尚恩集团与gestión森林传统农业实践组织(禁胸)。联合国四面八德效果Oficial对位el Desarrollo (AOD) enmarcado en la Reduccion de las Emisiones de la la Degradacion Deforestacion y de博斯克(REDD +)在《Desarrollo, y el papel de la conservacion la治理sostenible de los博斯克y el aumento de las珍藏影响de carbono en el sistema de implementacion de REDD + en pais en Desarrollo如果科莫objetivo洛杉矶博斯克塔加路族语hutan de沙巴(Malasia),反对la participacion de la poblacion indigena。中介服务中心(Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado)、estestestudio evalúa la relación中心活动、las normas sociales、las normas消费规范、el control del Comportamiento percibido、las interciciones de Kadazan-Dusun)、参与者和未来REDD+项目的活动。Se descubrio乘缆车actitud y el控制del comportamiento percibido afectan la intencion de participar en对于de无缝四面八方de REDD + mientras,拉斯维加斯有关优势种y拉斯维加斯有关consuetudinarias没有瞧hacen。 社会人口因素，如家庭规模、年龄和以前在村庄担任领导或委员会成员的经验，也会影响参与未来REDD+项目活动的意愿。这项研究可以帮助预测沙巴州土著人民对REDD+活动的接受程度，并设计更有效的REDD+项目。
{"title":"Motivation and Factors Affecting Indigenous People's Willingness to Participate in Future REDD+ Project Activities: The Case of Tagal hutan in Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Izzuddin Musthafa, Y. Youn","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941904","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The theory of planned behaviour is a useful tool to establish the link between the traditional forest management practice of tagal hutan with the global regime of reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+). Among the 4 main construct of theory of planned behaviour tested only attitude and perceived behaviour control have positive influence on the Kadazandusun head household willingness to participate in the future REDD+ project activities. Social norm and customary norm have no significant influence on the Kadazandusun head household willingness to participate in the future REDD+ project activities. Head household socio-demographic characteristics of household size, age, and prior experience as leaders or committee members in the village have positive influence on indigenous people willingness to participate in the future REDD+ project activities. This study may aid in future REDD+ project implementation by indicating possible interventions that can increase the motivation of indigenous people to participate in future projects. SUMMARY The Kadazandusun people of Sabah have practiced traditional forest management of tagal hutan or prohibited forests. An official development assistance (ODA) project under REDD+ implementation scheme targets tagal hutan forests in Sabah, with the participation of the indigenous people. Through the theory of planned behaviour, this study assesses the link between attitude, social norms, customary norms, and perceived behaviour control on Kadazandusun people's intentions to participate in future REDD+ project activities. We found out that attitude and perceived behaviour control affect intentions to participate in future REDD+ project activities meanwhile social norm and customary norm were otherwise. Socio-demographic factors, such as household size, age, and prior experience as leaders or committee members in the village, also influence the intentions to participate in future REDD+ project activities. This study may help predict the acceptance of REDD+ activities among indigenous people in Sabah and help design more effective REDD+ projects. Les peuples Kadazandusun de Sabah ont pratiqué une gestion forestière traditionnelle du tagal hutan dans des forêts prohibées. Un projet officiel d'assistance au développement (ODA) sous l'égide d'une mise en œuvre de la réduction des émissions provenant de la déforestation et de la dégradation forestière dans les pays en voie de développement, du rôle de la conservation de la gestion durable des forêts et d'une fortification des stocks de carbone des forêts dans les pays en voie de développement (REDD+) vise les forêts de tagal hutan, au Sabah, avec la participation des populations locales. A l'aide de la théorie de comportement planifié, cette étude évalue le lien entre l'attitude, les nor","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"411 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42094820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941841
M. Baumflek, T. Cabe, J. Schelhas, M. Dunlavey
HIGHLIGHTS The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians contributes to cross-jurisdictional forest research and management affecting culturally significant plants within a Zone of Influence corresponding to boundaries of their traditional homelands. Cherokee traditional knowledge that has previously been omitted is now being centred in research and management partnerships for culturally significant plants. Community input and Cherokee values guide partnership formation and intent. The Culturally Significant Plant Species Initiative provides an example of an Indigenous-led effort for regional dialogue and knowledge co-production. A long-term platform approach promotes plant-related research, outreach, habitat restoration, and land management efforts. SUMMARY The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI), and the USDA Forest Service are engaged in integrated research and action to manage forests for culturally significant plants within portions of traditional Cherokee homelands. The effort seeks to support EBCI arts, food sovereignty, and cultural practices while promoting coordinated forest stewardship guided by Cherokee knowledge. The focus area includes the Qualla Boundary (EBCI tribal lands); the Pisgah, Nantahala, and Cherokee National Forests; and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Examination of synergistic efforts to date suggests an emerging platform for access, sustainable harvesting and improved ecological conditions. Here, a platform is conceived of as long-term institutionalized collaboration across policies, practices, and governance at different scales. Building on approaches to adaptive collaborative management with Indigenous peoples at the landscape level indicates that key features of platform building in this context include responding to Indigenous priorities, fostering cross-boundary relationships, community engagement, and co-producing knowledge. La Bande orientale des indiens Cherokee (EBCI) et le Service forestier USDA sont engagés dans une recherche intégrée et une action visant à gérer les forêts en portant une attention sérieuse aux plantes culturellement importantes, au sein de portions des terres natives traditionnelles Cherokee. L'effort cherche à soutenir les arts de la EBCI, la souveraineté alimentaire, et les pratiques culturelles, tout en promouvant une gestion forestière coordonnée, guidée par la connaissance Cherokee. Les zones concernées incluent la frontière Qualla (terres tribales de la EBCI), le Pisgah, le Nantahala et les forêts nationales Cherokee, ainsi que le Parc national des Great Smoky Mountains. Un examen des efforts synergiques effectués jusqu'à présent suggère l'émergence d'une plateforme d'accès, une récolte durable, et des conditions écologiques améliorées. Une plateforme est ici conçue comme une collaboration institutionnalisée à long-terme, recouvrant les politiques, les pratiques et la gestion à différents niveaux. Alors que des approches à une gestion collaborative adaptable avec les peuples auto
东部切罗基印第安人部落为跨司法管辖区的森林研究和管理作出贡献，影响到与其传统家园边界相对应的影响区内具有文化意义的植物。以前被忽略的切罗基传统知识现在集中在对具有文化意义的植物的研究和管理伙伴关系上。社区投入和切罗基价值观指导伙伴关系的形成和意图。文化上重要的植物物种倡议提供了一个由土著居民主导的区域对话和知识合作生产的例子。一个长期的平台方法促进了与植物相关的研究、推广、栖息地恢复和土地管理工作。东部切罗基印第安人部落(EBCI)和美国农业部林务局正在进行综合研究和行动，以管理切罗基传统家园部分地区具有文化意义的植物的森林。该项目旨在支持土著民族艺术、粮食主权和文化实践，同时促进以切诺基知识为指导的协调森林管理。重点领域包括夸拉边界(EBCI部落土地);皮斯加、南塔哈拉和切罗基国家森林;以及大烟山国家公园。对迄今为止的协同努力的审查表明，在获取、可持续收获和改善生态条件方面出现了一个新平台。在这里，平台被认为是跨不同规模的政策、实践和治理的长期制度化协作。在景观层面与土著人民建立适应性协作管理的方法表明，在这种情况下，平台建设的关键特征包括响应土著优先事项、促进跨界关系、社区参与和共同生产知识。切罗基土著土著协会(EBCI)和美国农业部林业服务处(USDA)联合发起了一项研究，研究了切罗基土著土著的植物和文化，研究了切罗基土著的植物和文化，研究了切罗基土著的植物和文化。“为促进森林资源的发展而努力”、“为森林资源的发展而努力”、“为森林资源的发展而努力”、“为森林资源的发展而努力”、“为森林资源的发展而努力”、“为切罗基人的发展而努力”。涉及的区域包括边疆地区、皮斯加、南塔哈拉和forêts切罗基国家公园、大烟山国家公园。联合国审查的努力，协同效应，即:将所有的和/或其他所有的和/或所有的和/或所有的和/或所有的和/或所有的和/或所有的和/或所有的。一个plateforme est ici concue像一个协作institutionnalisee long-terme, recouvrant les政治,les检疫等行为不同的掌握。在这种情况下，有一种方法可以解决问题，即协同适应的方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题，例如，有一种方法可以解决问题。拉丁美洲切诺基部落(拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落，拉丁美洲部落。通过对切罗基人的森林协调的指导，通过对切罗基人的林业协调，通过对切罗基人的林业协调，通过对切罗基人的林业协调，通过对切罗基人的林业协调，通过对切罗基人的林业协调，通过对切罗基人的林业协调。área跨组织组织包括límite de Qualla (tierras tribales de la EBCI)、los los nacional de Pisgah、Nantahala和Cherokee;y el Parque national de las Montañas Great Smoky。3 .已实现的薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金薪金。一个大型的中心广场políticas、prácticas和不同的广场，在不同的尺度上都有不同的结构。发展中国家与发展中国家的合作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与适应与发展中国家的协作与发展。
{"title":"Managing Forests for Culturally Significant Plants in Traditional Cherokee Homelands: Emerging Platforms","authors":"M. Baumflek, T. Cabe, J. Schelhas, M. Dunlavey","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941841","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians contributes to cross-jurisdictional forest research and management affecting culturally significant plants within a Zone of Influence corresponding to boundaries of their traditional homelands. Cherokee traditional knowledge that has previously been omitted is now being centred in research and management partnerships for culturally significant plants. Community input and Cherokee values guide partnership formation and intent. The Culturally Significant Plant Species Initiative provides an example of an Indigenous-led effort for regional dialogue and knowledge co-production. A long-term platform approach promotes plant-related research, outreach, habitat restoration, and land management efforts. SUMMARY The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI), and the USDA Forest Service are engaged in integrated research and action to manage forests for culturally significant plants within portions of traditional Cherokee homelands. The effort seeks to support EBCI arts, food sovereignty, and cultural practices while promoting coordinated forest stewardship guided by Cherokee knowledge. The focus area includes the Qualla Boundary (EBCI tribal lands); the Pisgah, Nantahala, and Cherokee National Forests; and the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Examination of synergistic efforts to date suggests an emerging platform for access, sustainable harvesting and improved ecological conditions. Here, a platform is conceived of as long-term institutionalized collaboration across policies, practices, and governance at different scales. Building on approaches to adaptive collaborative management with Indigenous peoples at the landscape level indicates that key features of platform building in this context include responding to Indigenous priorities, fostering cross-boundary relationships, community engagement, and co-producing knowledge. La Bande orientale des indiens Cherokee (EBCI) et le Service forestier USDA sont engagés dans une recherche intégrée et une action visant à gérer les forêts en portant une attention sérieuse aux plantes culturellement importantes, au sein de portions des terres natives traditionnelles Cherokee. L'effort cherche à soutenir les arts de la EBCI, la souveraineté alimentaire, et les pratiques culturelles, tout en promouvant une gestion forestière coordonnée, guidée par la connaissance Cherokee. Les zones concernées incluent la frontière Qualla (terres tribales de la EBCI), le Pisgah, le Nantahala et les forêts nationales Cherokee, ainsi que le Parc national des Great Smoky Mountains. Un examen des efforts synergiques effectués jusqu'à présent suggère l'émergence d'une plateforme d'accès, une récolte durable, et des conditions écologiques améliorées. Une plateforme est ici conçue comme une collaboration institutionnalisée à long-terme, recouvrant les politiques, les pratiques et la gestion à différents niveaux. Alors que des approches à une gestion collaborative adaptable avec les peuples auto","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"298 - 314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47484394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941887
G. Mattalia, N. Stryamets, Á. Balázsi, G. Molnár, A. Gliga, A. Pieroni, R. Sõukand, V. Reyes‐García
HIGHLIGHTS The perception of forests by local people living in the Carpathian Mountains has been poorly investigated to date. Hutsuls living in Romania and Ukraine share perceptions of forest benefits but differ on perceptions of drivers of forest change. Hutsuls living in Ukraine rely more on forest medicinal plants than do Hutsuls living in Romania. Political boundaries act as a useful tool to help explain and understand differences in local people's perceptions of forests and their uses. Hutsuls' perspectives should be integrated into landscape management in order to minimize forest degradation. SUMMARY Socio-economic and political contexts play a major role in a community's perception of the environment, determining natural resource use. We examined perceptions of forest and forest resource use among two Hutsul communities in Bukovina sharing a similar cultural background but living in a region divided by the national border created between Romania and Ukraine in the 1940s. Twenty-nine open-ended and 61 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Hutsuls from Romania and Ukraine. Hutsuls across the border mostly share perceptions of forest benefits, while they differ in perceptions of environmental changes and the drivers of these changes. Hutsuls of Ukraine showed a greater connectedness and a stronger tie to the forest as an essential element of their livelihoods. Moreover, Hutsuls in Ukraine rely more on forest medicinal plants than do Hutsuls in Romania. Hutsuls' perspectives on the negative impact of current forest management policies should be a cornerstone for redesigning sustainable forest management plans. Les contextes socio-économiques et politiques jouent un rôle majeur dans la perception qu'une communauté possède de l'environnement, déterminant son utilisation des ressources naturelles. Nous avons examiné les perceptions de la forêt et des ressources forestières auprès de deux communautés Hutsul dans la Bukovina, partageant des racines culturelles similaires, mais vivant dans une région qui fût divisée par la frontière Roumaine et Ukrainienne dans les années 40. 29 entretiens ouverts, et 61entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès des Hutsuls de Roumanie et d'Ukraine. Les Hutsuls de chaque côté de la frontière partagent pour la plupart les mêmes perceptions des bénéfices fournis par la forêt, alors qu'ils diffèrent dans leur perception des changements environnementaux et des moteurs de ces derniers. Les Hutsuls ukrainiens démontrent une connexion plus profonde et un lien plus fort avec la forêt en tant qu'élément essentiel de leur source de revenus. De plus, ces Hutsuls d'Ukraine sont plus dépendants des plantes médicinales de la forêt que ceux de Roumanie. Les perspectives des Hutsuls sur l'impact négatif des politiques actuelles de gestion forestière devraient devenir la pierre angulaire d'une nouvelle ébauche de plans de gestion forestière durable. Los contextos socioeconómicos y políticos desempeñan un papel important
迄今为止，居住在喀尔巴阡山脉的当地居民对森林的看法调查甚少。生活在罗马尼亚和乌克兰的胡苏尔人对森林的好处有相同的看法，但对森林变化的驱动因素有不同的看法。生活在乌克兰的胡苏尔人比生活在罗马尼亚的胡苏尔人更依赖森林药用植物。政治边界是一个有用的工具，有助于解释和理解当地人民对森林及其用途的不同看法。为了最大限度地减少森林退化，应将Hutsuls的观点纳入景观管理。社会经济和政治背景在一个社区对环境的看法中起着重要作用，决定了自然资源的使用。我们调查了布科维纳两个Hutsul社区对森林和森林资源利用的看法，他们有着相似的文化背景，但生活在一个被罗马尼亚和乌克兰在20世纪40年代建立的国家边界所分割的地区。对来自罗马尼亚和乌克兰的胡索尔人进行了29次开放式访谈和61次半结构化访谈。边境另一边的胡索尔人大多认同森林的好处，但他们对环境变化和这些变化的驱动因素的看法不同。乌克兰的胡索尔人与森林有着更紧密的联系，并将森林作为他们生计的基本要素。此外，乌克兰的胡苏尔人比罗马尼亚的胡苏尔人更依赖森林药用植物。胡索尔人对当前森林管理政策负面影响的看法应该成为重新设计可持续森林管理计划的基石。社会环境- - -经济和政治环境- - -与社会环境的感知有关，与自然资源的利用有关。我们已经检查les感知de la foret et des ressources弗赖斯节欧珀莱de两communautes Hutsul在布科维纳,partageant des拉辛文化similaires,但是的场面在一个地区,砰的一声divisee par la组织Roumaine et Ukrainienne在排40。29份公开文件，61份半直接文件，以及与罗马尼亚和乌克兰有关的其他文件。Les Hutsuls de chaque côté de la frontitire partagent pour la plupart Les mêmes perceptions des bsamn - csamn - sffice fournis par la forêt，不同的数据表明，不同的感知改变了环境，改变了特征，改变了特征，改变了特征。乌克兰人的薪金薪金是一种联系，加上深厚的薪金薪金，加上薪金薪金是一种收入来源。此外，还包括乌克兰的husuls，以及与罗马尼亚有关的工厂和工厂的罗马尼亚ceux De Roumanie。从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，从未来的角度看，Los contextos socioeconómicos y políticos desempeñan unpaper importante en la percepción que una comcomidad tiene del medio ambiente, lo cucudetermines so de Los recurso naturales。在工厂化se汉analizado las percepciones尤其el uso de los博斯克y洛杉矶recurso项目受影响de dos comunidades hutsules de Bucovina comparten联合国bagaje文化相似,佩罗,viven una地区dividida腰围超过la frontera nacional creada之间罗马尼亚y Ucrania En la decada de 1940。Para ello - se -实现了29个企业项目和61个半结构项目，这些项目是在乌克兰Rumanía完成的。Los hutsules de ambos lados de la frontera comparten en su mayoría la percepción de Los beneficios de Los bosques, mientras que difieren en la percepción de Los cambios medioambientales y Los impulse de estos cambios。Los hutsules de Ucrania mostraron una mayor conexión y un mayor vínculo con el bosque como element to essence de sus medios de vida。Además, los hutsules de Ucrania dependen más de las plantas medicales del bosque que los de Rumanía。Las perspectivas de los hutsules sobre el impact to negative de Las políticas actuales de gestión forestal deberían ser una piedra角para rediseñar planes de gestión forestable。
{"title":"Hutsuls' Perceptions of Forests and Uses of Forest Resource in Ukrainian and Romanian Bukovina","authors":"G. Mattalia, N. Stryamets, Á. Balázsi, G. Molnár, A. Gliga, A. Pieroni, R. Sõukand, V. Reyes‐García","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941887","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The perception of forests by local people living in the Carpathian Mountains has been poorly investigated to date. Hutsuls living in Romania and Ukraine share perceptions of forest benefits but differ on perceptions of drivers of forest change. Hutsuls living in Ukraine rely more on forest medicinal plants than do Hutsuls living in Romania. Political boundaries act as a useful tool to help explain and understand differences in local people's perceptions of forests and their uses. Hutsuls' perspectives should be integrated into landscape management in order to minimize forest degradation. SUMMARY Socio-economic and political contexts play a major role in a community's perception of the environment, determining natural resource use. We examined perceptions of forest and forest resource use among two Hutsul communities in Bukovina sharing a similar cultural background but living in a region divided by the national border created between Romania and Ukraine in the 1940s. Twenty-nine open-ended and 61 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Hutsuls from Romania and Ukraine. Hutsuls across the border mostly share perceptions of forest benefits, while they differ in perceptions of environmental changes and the drivers of these changes. Hutsuls of Ukraine showed a greater connectedness and a stronger tie to the forest as an essential element of their livelihoods. Moreover, Hutsuls in Ukraine rely more on forest medicinal plants than do Hutsuls in Romania. Hutsuls' perspectives on the negative impact of current forest management policies should be a cornerstone for redesigning sustainable forest management plans. Les contextes socio-économiques et politiques jouent un rôle majeur dans la perception qu'une communauté possède de l'environnement, déterminant son utilisation des ressources naturelles. Nous avons examiné les perceptions de la forêt et des ressources forestières auprès de deux communautés Hutsul dans la Bukovina, partageant des racines culturelles similaires, mais vivant dans une région qui fût divisée par la frontière Roumaine et Ukrainienne dans les années 40. 29 entretiens ouverts, et 61entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès des Hutsuls de Roumanie et d'Ukraine. Les Hutsuls de chaque côté de la frontière partagent pour la plupart les mêmes perceptions des bénéfices fournis par la forêt, alors qu'ils diffèrent dans leur perception des changements environnementaux et des moteurs de ces derniers. Les Hutsuls ukrainiens démontrent une connexion plus profonde et un lien plus fort avec la forêt en tant qu'élément essentiel de leur source de revenus. De plus, ces Hutsuls d'Ukraine sont plus dépendants des plantes médicinales de la forêt que ceux de Roumanie. Les perspectives des Hutsuls sur l'impact négatif des politiques actuelles de gestion forestière devraient devenir la pierre angulaire d'une nouvelle ébauche de plans de gestion forestière durable. Los contextos socioeconómicos y políticos desempeñan un papel important","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"393 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44162226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941896
W. de Jong, A. F. Urushima, B. Jacquet, T. Takahashi
HIGHLIGHTS In Kitayama, north of Kyoto, Cryptomeria japonica or Japanese cedar, or sugi production has occurred for 600 years. Kitayama sugi constitutes an indispensable resource to preserve Kyoto cultural treasures such as teahouses, and a unique Sukiya-zukuri architectural style. Japan's national forest policies are not aligned with small scale Kitayama sugi production. It is necessary to seek new value chains around non-traditional services that the Kitayama complex provides to assure its durability. New and multiple value chains require policy integration across multiple policy domains that do not have a tradition to integrate easily. SUMMARY The region north of Kyoto is referred to as Kitayama, which literally translates as North Mountains. The region is the location of Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cedar or sugi, production in Japan. Cedar logs grown there are used as pillars in the construction of buildings in a typical Japanese minimalist style, but also traditional rooms included in modern houses. Cedar was planted widely in Japan following World War II not only to rebuild the economy but also to grow raw materials to contribute to post-war housing reconstruction. In Kitayama, cedar has been grown for over 600 years and using specific silvicultural techniques by a community that has a unique cultural legacy which developed around cedar cultivation. The Kitayama sugi economic-socio-cultural-ecological complex thrived following World War II but is currently under stress. Demand for its highly priced products is declining. It is recognized in Japan and by the city of Kyoto as a valuable cultural historical heritage and efforts are being made to preserve it as such. The success of these efforts has been mixed so far. This paper reviews the Kitayama sugi economic-socio-cultural-ecological complex in order to understand how historical indigenous forestry practices change over time and how they might be dealt with in advanced societies such as Japan. Cèdres des montagnes du nord: culture et pratiques forestières historiques dans les politiques de la nature contemporainesLa région située au nord de la ville de Kyoto est connue sous le nom de Kitayama, soit «les montagnes du nord» en traduction littérale. Cette région est le lieu de production du Cryptomeria japonica, cèdre japonais ou sugi, en japonais. Les troncs des arbres qui y sont cultivés servent de poteaux dans la construction d'un style d'architecture japonaise, ainsi que dans les pièces de réception traditionnelles incluses dans les maisons modernes. Le cèdre japonais a été massivement planté au Japon après la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour reconstruire l'économie du pays, pour produire la matière première servant à la reconstruction de logements après la guerre. À Kitayama, le cèdre a été cultivé depuis plus de 600 ans par une communauté qui a développé un patrimoine culturel unique autour du cèdre et de techniques sylvicoles qui lui sont propres. Le complexe économique social culturel
在京都北部的北山，日本杉木或杉木的生产已经有600年的历史。北山杉是保存京都文化瑰宝(如茶馆)和独特的“住屋-宿里”建筑风格不可或缺的资源。日本的国家森林政策与小规模的北山杉木生产并不一致。有必要围绕北山综合体提供的非传统服务寻求新的价值链，以确保其耐久性。新的和多个价值链需要跨多个策略域进行策略集成，而这些策略域没有容易集成的传统。京都以北的地区被称为北山，字面上翻译为北方山脉。该地区是日本柳杉、杉木或日本杉木的产地。在那里生长的雪松原木被用作典型的日本极简主义风格建筑的支柱，但也包括在现代房屋中的传统房间。第二次世界大战后，雪松在日本被广泛种植，不仅是为了重建经济，也是为了为战后住房重建提供原材料。在北山，雪松已经种植了600多年，并由一个拥有独特文化遗产的社区使用特定的造林技术，这些技术是围绕雪松种植发展起来的。北山杉市的经济-社会-文化-生态复合体在第二次世界大战后蓬勃发展，但目前正面临压力。对其高价产品的需求正在下降。它被日本和京都市认定为宝贵的文化历史遗产，并正在努力保护它。迄今为止，这些努力取得的成功喜忧参半。本文回顾了北山杉木的经济-社会-文化-生态复合体，以了解历史上的土著林业实践如何随着时间的推移而变化，以及在日本等发达社会中如何应对这些变化。北山地区:文化与林业、历史与自然政治、当代与京都北部地区的交流与交流，北山地区的交流与交流，北山地区的交流与交流与交流。研究结果表明，日本柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉、柳杉。传统建筑风格的设计包括现代建筑风格的设计，传统建筑风格的设计包括现代建筑风格的设计。在日本的第二次世界经济转型中，日本的第二次世界经济转型中，日本的第二次经济转型中，日本的第二次经济转型中，日本的第二次经济转型中，日本的第二次经济转型中，日本的第二次经济转型中，日本的第二次经济转型中，日本的第二次经济转型中，日本的第二次经济转型中，日本的第二次经济转型中。À Kitayama, le ccidre a ccidous culdous depuis and de 600 and parune communautous qua ccidous culmoine culmoine unique autour du ccidre et de techniques sylvicoles qui lui sonpres。复杂的<s:1>社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与社会文化与<s:1>社会文化与社会文化与社会文化。对产品的需求是:<s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1> <s:1>累进式的。我将重新审视日本传统文化共同体在京都的重要性，以及在日本的努力，例如，在日本的努力中，在日本的成功中，在日本的成功中，在日本的成功中，在日本的成功中，在日本的成功中，在日本的成功。这篇文章重新审视了复杂的<s:2>经济、社会、文化、<s:2>社会和文化、<s:2>社会和文化、<s:2>社会和文化、<s:2>社会和文化、<s:2>社会和文化、<s:2>社会和/或<s:2>社会和/或<s:2>社会和/或<s:2>社会和/或<s:2>社会和/或<s:2>社会和/或<s:2>社会和/或日本。北山市与北山市之间的联系，联系方式为:(Montañas)北山市与北山市之间的联系方式。La región es el lugar de producción de日本柳杉，el cedrojaponsamuys，或cómo suele llamassen japonsamuys, sugi。建筑风格:建筑风格:传统日式建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格:建筑风格日本的电子数据交换系统，如:电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统，如:(1)电子数据交换系统。En Kitayama, el cedero sido culado durante más de 600 años贫穷的社区和desarrolló unlegado cultural único贫穷的社区和suculo，应用程序和<s:1> cnicas silvícolas propias。El complexjo económico-socio-cultural-ecológico de Kitayama sugi prosperó despusamas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, pero en la actualidad est<e:1> en declive。对产品的需求和对产品价值的预测和分析。En Japón y En la región de Kioto esta práctica y sus paisajes resultantes se están siendo reconocidos como un valioso patrimonio histórico cultural。 保护它们的努力正在兴起，但迄今为止，这些努力的成功参半。在这篇文章中，我们分析了北山杉的经济-社会-文化-生态复杂性，以阐明历史上的土著森林实践是如何随着时间的推移而变化的，如日本。
{"title":"Cedars of the North Mountains: Historical Forest Culture and Practices in Modern Day Nature Policies","authors":"W. de Jong, A. F. Urushima, B. Jacquet, T. Takahashi","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941896","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS In Kitayama, north of Kyoto, Cryptomeria japonica or Japanese cedar, or sugi production has occurred for 600 years. Kitayama sugi constitutes an indispensable resource to preserve Kyoto cultural treasures such as teahouses, and a unique Sukiya-zukuri architectural style. Japan's national forest policies are not aligned with small scale Kitayama sugi production. It is necessary to seek new value chains around non-traditional services that the Kitayama complex provides to assure its durability. New and multiple value chains require policy integration across multiple policy domains that do not have a tradition to integrate easily. SUMMARY The region north of Kyoto is referred to as Kitayama, which literally translates as North Mountains. The region is the location of Cryptomeria japonica, Japanese cedar or sugi, production in Japan. Cedar logs grown there are used as pillars in the construction of buildings in a typical Japanese minimalist style, but also traditional rooms included in modern houses. Cedar was planted widely in Japan following World War II not only to rebuild the economy but also to grow raw materials to contribute to post-war housing reconstruction. In Kitayama, cedar has been grown for over 600 years and using specific silvicultural techniques by a community that has a unique cultural legacy which developed around cedar cultivation. The Kitayama sugi economic-socio-cultural-ecological complex thrived following World War II but is currently under stress. Demand for its highly priced products is declining. It is recognized in Japan and by the city of Kyoto as a valuable cultural historical heritage and efforts are being made to preserve it as such. The success of these efforts has been mixed so far. This paper reviews the Kitayama sugi economic-socio-cultural-ecological complex in order to understand how historical indigenous forestry practices change over time and how they might be dealt with in advanced societies such as Japan. Cèdres des montagnes du nord: culture et pratiques forestières historiques dans les politiques de la nature contemporainesLa région située au nord de la ville de Kyoto est connue sous le nom de Kitayama, soit «les montagnes du nord» en traduction littérale. Cette région est le lieu de production du Cryptomeria japonica, cèdre japonais ou sugi, en japonais. Les troncs des arbres qui y sont cultivés servent de poteaux dans la construction d'un style d'architecture japonaise, ainsi que dans les pièces de réception traditionnelles incluses dans les maisons modernes. Le cèdre japonais a été massivement planté au Japon après la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour reconstruire l'économie du pays, pour produire la matière première servant à la reconstruction de logements après la guerre. À Kitayama, le cèdre a été cultivé depuis plus de 600 ans par une communauté qui a développé un patrimoine culturel unique autour du cèdre et de techniques sylvicoles qui lui sont propres. Le complexe économique social culturel ","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"380 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48732713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.1505/146554822835941823
François-Xavier Cyr, S. Wyatt, M. Hébert
HIGHLIGHTS The Adapted Forestry Regime of the Paix des Braves is a formal step forward in Indigenous/state collaboration processes. As a part of the implementation of a signed modern treaty in Canada, the AFR is a technical and collaborative process; it is nonetheless part of a power struggle between Québec and the Crees. The issue of sovereignties is at the heart of Indigenous nations/state collaborative processes. The collaborative process of the Adapted Forestry Regime produces a spiral of complexification because of the close entanglement of technical and political issues. The burden of dilemmas produced by Indigenous/State collaborative processes falls disproportionately on Indigenous parties and should be taken into account in assessing their fairness. SUMMARY The Adapted Forestry Regime (AFR) of the Paix des Braves agreement is an important stepping-stone in the long process of involving Indigenous Peoples in state management of forestlands in Canada. This paper explores the challenges raised by a process involving the Cree nation and the Québec provincial government in the implementation of a collaborative approach to forest management on Cree traditional lands. We present three key processes that have contributed to the AFR since 2002, each of which led to further agreements, committees and processes. While the Crees have obtained additional powers for forestland management through the AFR, our analysis reveals the complexity of these processes that must deal with both political and technical issues that are often closely intricated one with the other. Ultimately, it is the Crees who bear the heaviest burden of the compromises that must be made implementing this collaborative process. ᐊᓐ ᑳ ᒋᐦᒋᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋ ᓇᓈᑲᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐊᓂᑌ ᑳ ᐅᐦᒋᐸᔨᒡ ᓛ ᐯᐃ ᑌ ᐱᕌᕝ ᑖᐧᐯ ᒌᐦᒋᐧᐁ ᐃᑌᔨᐦᑖᑯᓐ ᐧᐁᓲ ᐁᑯᑦ ᐯᒋᐦᑎᓈᑲᓂᐧᐃᐧᑖᐤ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᑲᔦ ᒉ ᒌ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᐧᐁᐧᑖᐤ ᐁ ᐧᐃᔭᔑᐧᐋᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᑖᓐᑌ ᒉ ᐃᐦᑑᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐊᓂᐦᐄ ᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᔨᒡ ᐊᔅᒌᐦ ᐆᑕ ᑳᓈᑖ᙮ ᐁᑯᑦ ᐆᑕ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐄᑲᓂᐦᒡ ᐧᐋᐦᑖᑯᐦᒡ ᑖᓐ ᑳ ᐃᔑ ᓂᒋᔥᑲᐦᐧᑳᐤ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡ ᑲᔦ ᒫᒃ ᑯᐯᒃ ᑎᐯᔨᐦᒋᒉᓯᐤ ᐁᒌ ᐃᐦᑑᑕᐦᐧᑳᐤ ᒉ ᒌ ᐧᐄᒋ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᒥᑐᐧᑖᐤ ᒫᒨ ᒉ ᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᐧᑖᐤ ᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᐤ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᔨᐤ ᐊᓂᑌ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ ᑲᔦ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᓂᑑᐦᐆᔅᒌᐦ᙮ ᓂᔥᑐ ᒉᐧᑳᓂᐦᐄ ᒋᐧᐋᐸᐦᑎᔭᑎᓈᓐ ᑖᓐᑌ ᐁᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐊᓐ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ ᐁ ᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐃᔅᐱᓐ 2002 ᑳ ᐃᔅᐸᔨᒡ, ᐁᐧᐊᒄ ᒫᒃ ᐧᐁᐦᒋ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᒦᓐ ᑯᑕᒡᐦ ᓇᔅᑲᒧᐧᐃᓐᐦ ᒉ ᒌ ᐅᐦᒋ ᓂᐦᑖᐧᐃᒋᐦᐧᑳᐤᐦ ᑲᔦ ᐁ ᒫᒨᐱᔥᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ᙮ ᐋᑕ ᒫᒃ ᐁᒌ ᐱᐦᑯᐦᑎᒫᓲᐧᑖᐤ ᑲᔥᒋᐦᐅᐧᐃᓐᐦ ᒉ ᒌ ᐧᐃᔭᔑᐧᐋᑕᐦᐧᑳᐤᐦ ᑲᔦ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᑖᓐᑌ ᒉ ᐃᐦᑎᓈᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐁᐧᐄ ᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐊᓂᑌ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ ᐊᓐ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑳ ᒋᐦᒋᒌᐸᔨᐦᑖᒃᓇᐃᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᓅᑖᑎᐦᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁᐧᐊᒄ ᑳ ᐃᔑ ᒥᔅᑯᐧᐋᐦᑖᔮᐦᒡᐃᔥᑯᑕᒃ ᑳ ᓈᓂᑑ ᒋᔅᒉᔨᐦᑕᒫᐦᒡ ᓈᔥᒡ ᐁ ᒪᒣᐦᒡ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᓐ ᐊᓐ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ ᑖᓐ ᐁ ᐃᔑ ᑖᐦᑭᐦᐄᒉᐸᔨᒡ ᐊᓂᑌ ᑎᐯᔨᐦᒋᒉᓰᓈᐦᒡ᙮ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᒫᒃ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡ ᒫᐧᐊᒡ ᒥᔥᑎᐦᐄ ᑎᔮᑭᐦᐆᑯᐧᐊᒡ ᐁᐧᐄ ᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐆᔨᐤ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᔨᐤ᙮ Le régime forestier adapté (RFA) de la Paix des Braves est une étape importante dans le long processus d'implication des Peuples autochtones dans la gestion des forêts au Canada. Cet article explore les défis soulevés par un processus impliquant la Nation crie d'Eeyou Istchee et le gouvernement de la province de Québec dans la mise en œuvre d'une approche collaborative de la gestion fore
HIGHLIGHT The Adapted Forest Regime of the Paix des Braves is a formal step forward in Indigenous/state collaboration processes As a part of the implementation of a signed modern treatment in Canada, the AFR is a technical and collaborative process; It is nonnetheless part of a power struggle between Qu é bec and the Crees The issue of sovereignty is at the heart of Independent nations/state collaborative processes The collaborative process of the Adapted Forest Region products a spiral of complexity because of the close angle of technical and political issues The border of dilemmas produced by Indigenous/State collaborative processes falls disproportionately on Indigenous parties and should be taken into account in assessing their fairness SUMMARY The Adapted Forest Regime (AFR) of the Paix des Braves agreement is an important stepping stone in the long process of involving Indigenous People in state management of forests in Canada This paper explores the challenges raised by a process involving the Cree nation and the Qu é bec provincial government in the implementation of a collaborative approach to forest management on Cree traditional lands We present three key processes that have contributed to the AFR since 2002, each of which led to further agreements, committees and processes While the Crees have obtained additional powers for forestland management through the AFR, our analysis requires the complexity of these processes that must deal with both political and technical issues that are both closely integrated one with the other Ultimately, it is the Crees who bear the health burden of the complications that must be made implementing this collaborative process ᐊᓐᑳᒋᐦᒋᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡᐋᓇᓈᑲᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡᐁᓅᑖ ᐦᑎᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡᐊᓂᑌᑳᐅᐦᒋᐸᔨᒡᓛᐯᐃᑌᐱᕌᕝᑖᐧᐯᒌ ᐦᒋᐧᐁᐃᑌᔨᐦᑖᑯᓐᐧᐁᓲᐁᑯᑦᐯᒋᐦᑎᓈᑲᓂᐧᐃᐧᑖᐤ 3 ᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤᑲᔦᒉᒌᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᐧᐁᐧᑖᐤᐁᐧᐃᔭᔭ 5393;ᐧᐋᑖᑲ ᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡᑖᓐᑌᒉᐃᐦᑑᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡᐊᓂᐦᐄᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᔨ ᒡᐊᔅᒌᐦᐆᑕᑳᓈᑖ᙮ᐁᑯᑦᐆᑕᒪᓯᓇᐦᐄᑲᓂᐦᒡᐧᐋᐦᑖᑯ ᐦᒡᑖᓐᑳᐃᔑᓂᒋᔥᑲᐦᐧᑳᐤᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡᑲᔦ 91 ᒃᑯᐯᒃᑎᐯᔨᐦᒋᒉᓯᐤᐁᒌᐃᐦᑑᑕᐦᒇᒉᒌᐧᐄᒋᐋᐸ 5198;ᓰᒥᑐ ᐧᑖᐤᒫᒨᒉᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᐤᐤᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᐤᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᔨ ᐤᐊᓂᑌᐃᔨᔨᐤᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡᑲᔦᐃᔨᐤᐆᔅᒌᐦ᙮ᓂᔥᑐ ᒉᐧᑳᓂᐦᐄᒋᐧᐋᐸᐦᑎᔭᑎᓈᓐᑖᓐᑌᐁᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡᐊᓐᐋᐸ 98;ᓰᐧᐃᓐᐁᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡᐁᓅᑖᐦᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡᐃ 5381;ᐱᓐ 2002 ᑳ ᐃᔅᐸᔨᒡ, ᐁᐧᐊᒄᒫᒃᐧᐁᐦᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡᒦᓐᑯᑕᒡᐦᓇᔅᑲᒧᐧᐃᓐᐦ ᒉᒌᐅᐦᒋᓂᐦᑖᐧᐃᒋᐦᐧᑳᐦᑲᔦᐁᒫᒨᐱᔥᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ5121 ᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ᙮ᐋᑕᒫᒃᐁᒌᐱᐦᑯᐦᐦᐦᐦᐦ 98 ᒫᓲᐧᑖᐤᑲᔥᒋᐦᐅᐧᐃᓐᐦᒉᒌᐧᐃᔭᔑᐧᐋᑕᐦᒇᐦᐦᑲ 5414;ᐧᐃᔭᐧ ᐋᐤᑖᓐᑌᒉᐃᐦᑎᓈᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡᐁᐧᐄᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡᐊ ᓂᑌᐃᔨᔨᐤᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡᐊᓐᐅᐦᒋᑳᒋᐦᒋᒌᐸᔨᐦᑖᒃᓇᐃᐧ5123 ᒡᐁᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡᐁᓅᑖᑎᐦᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡᐁᐧᐊᒄᒡᐁᐊᒄ 35 ᐃᔑᒥᔅᑯᐧᐋᐦᑖᔮᐦᒡᐃᔥᑯᑕᒃᑳᓈᓂᑑᒋᔅᒉᔨᐦᑕᒫᐦ 5281;ᓈᔥᒡᐁ ᒪᒣᐦᒡᐃᔑᓈᑯᓐᐊᓐᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐᑖᓐᐁᐃᔑᑖᐦᑭᐦᐄᒉᐸ ᔨᒡᐊᓂᑌᑎᐯᔨᐦᒋᒉᓰᓈᐦᒡ᙮ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐤᒫ촡ᔨᔨᐧᐊ ᒫᐧᐊᒡᒥᔥᑎᐦᐄᑎᔮᑭᐦᐆᑯᐧᐊᒡᐁᐧᐄᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂ 59ᐃᔨᒡᐆᔨᐤᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᔨᐤ᙮ Le r é gime forester adapt é (RFA) De la Paix des Braves est une é tape important dans le long process d'implication des Peiples autochthones dans la gestion des for ê ts au Canada Cet article explore les d é fis soulev é s par un processus impliquent la Nation crie d'Eeyou Istchee et le gouvernement de la province de Qu é bec dans la mise en œ UVRE d'une approch collaborative de la gestion foresti è re sur les terres traditionnelles criteria Nous pr é sentons trois processes cl é s qui ont contribu é au
{"title":"Power-Sharing between the Cree and Québec Governments in Eeyou Itschee (Québec, Canada): Sovereignties, Complexity, and Equity under the Adapted Forestry Regime of the Paix Des Braves","authors":"François-Xavier Cyr, S. Wyatt, M. Hébert","doi":"10.1505/146554822835941823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1505/146554822835941823","url":null,"abstract":"HIGHLIGHTS The Adapted Forestry Regime of the Paix des Braves is a formal step forward in Indigenous/state collaboration processes. As a part of the implementation of a signed modern treaty in Canada, the AFR is a technical and collaborative process; it is nonetheless part of a power struggle between Québec and the Crees. The issue of sovereignties is at the heart of Indigenous nations/state collaborative processes. The collaborative process of the Adapted Forestry Regime produces a spiral of complexification because of the close entanglement of technical and political issues. The burden of dilemmas produced by Indigenous/State collaborative processes falls disproportionately on Indigenous parties and should be taken into account in assessing their fairness. SUMMARY The Adapted Forestry Regime (AFR) of the Paix des Braves agreement is an important stepping-stone in the long process of involving Indigenous Peoples in state management of forestlands in Canada. This paper explores the challenges raised by a process involving the Cree nation and the Québec provincial government in the implementation of a collaborative approach to forest management on Cree traditional lands. We present three key processes that have contributed to the AFR since 2002, each of which led to further agreements, committees and processes. While the Crees have obtained additional powers for forestland management through the AFR, our analysis reveals the complexity of these processes that must deal with both political and technical issues that are often closely intricated one with the other. Ultimately, it is the Crees who bear the heaviest burden of the compromises that must be made implementing this collaborative process. ᐊᓐ ᑳ ᒋᐦᒋᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋ ᓇᓈᑲᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐊᓂᑌ ᑳ ᐅᐦᒋᐸᔨᒡ ᓛ ᐯᐃ ᑌ ᐱᕌᕝ ᑖᐧᐯ ᒌᐦᒋᐧᐁ ᐃᑌᔨᐦᑖᑯᓐ ᐧᐁᓲ ᐁᑯᑦ ᐯᒋᐦᑎᓈᑲᓂᐧᐃᐧᑖᐤ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᑲᔦ ᒉ ᒌ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᐧᐁᐧᑖᐤ ᐁ ᐧᐃᔭᔑᐧᐋᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᑖᓐᑌ ᒉ ᐃᐦᑑᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐊᓂᐦᐄ ᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᔨᒡ ᐊᔅᒌᐦ ᐆᑕ ᑳᓈᑖ᙮ ᐁᑯᑦ ᐆᑕ ᒪᓯᓇᐦᐄᑲᓂᐦᒡ ᐧᐋᐦᑖᑯᐦᒡ ᑖᓐ ᑳ ᐃᔑ ᓂᒋᔥᑲᐦᐧᑳᐤ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡ ᑲᔦ ᒫᒃ ᑯᐯᒃ ᑎᐯᔨᐦᒋᒉᓯᐤ ᐁᒌ ᐃᐦᑑᑕᐦᐧᑳᐤ ᒉ ᒌ ᐧᐄᒋ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᒥᑐᐧᑖᐤ ᒫᒨ ᒉ ᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᐧᑖᐤ ᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᐤ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᔨᐤ ᐊᓂᑌ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ ᑲᔦ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᓂᑑᐦᐆᔅᒌᐦ᙮ ᓂᔥᑐ ᒉᐧᑳᓂᐦᐄ ᒋᐧᐋᐸᐦᑎᔭᑎᓈᓐ ᑖᓐᑌ ᐁᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐊᓐ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ ᐁ ᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐃᔅᐱᓐ 2002 ᑳ ᐃᔅᐸᔨᒡ, ᐁᐧᐊᒄ ᒫᒃ ᐧᐁᐦᒋ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᒦᓐ ᑯᑕᒡᐦ ᓇᔅᑲᒧᐧᐃᓐᐦ ᒉ ᒌ ᐅᐦᒋ ᓂᐦᑖᐧᐃᒋᐦᐧᑳᐤᐦ ᑲᔦ ᐁ ᒫᒨᐱᔥᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ᙮ ᐋᑕ ᒫᒃ ᐁᒌ ᐱᐦᑯᐦᑎᒫᓲᐧᑖᐤ ᑲᔥᒋᐦᐅᐧᐃᓐᐦ ᒉ ᒌ ᐧᐃᔭᔑᐧᐋᑕᐦᐧᑳᐤᐦ ᑲᔦ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᑖᓐᑌ ᒉ ᐃᐦᑎᓈᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐁᐧᐄ ᓅᑖᐦᑎᐧᑫᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐊᓂᑌ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ ᐊᓐ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑳ ᒋᐦᒋᒌᐸᔨᐦᑖᒃᓇᐃᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᓇᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁ ᓅᑖᑎᐦᐧᑫᓈᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐁᐧᐊᒄ ᑳ ᐃᔑ ᒥᔅᑯᐧᐋᐦᑖᔮᐦᒡᐃᔥᑯᑕᒃ ᑳ ᓈᓂᑑ ᒋᔅᒉᔨᐦᑕᒫᐦᒡ ᓈᔥᒡ ᐁ ᒪᒣᐦᒡ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᓐ ᐊᓐ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ ᑖᓐ ᐁ ᐃᔑ ᑖᐦᑭᐦᐄᒉᐸᔨᒡ ᐊᓂᑌ ᑎᐯᔨᐦᒋᒉᓰᓈᐦᒡ᙮ ᐧᐃᔭᐧᐋᐤ ᒫᒃ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐊᒡ ᒫᐧᐊᒡ ᒥᔥᑎᐦᐄ ᑎᔮᑭᐦᐆᑯᐧᐊᒡ ᐁᐧᐄ ᐱᒥᐸᔨᐦᑖᑲᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐆᔨᐤ ᐋᐸᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᔨᐤ᙮ Le régime forestier adapté (RFA) de la Paix des Braves est une étape importante dans le long processus d'implication des Peuples autochtones dans la gestion des forêts au Canada. Cet article explore les défis soulevés par un processus impliquant la Nation crie d'Eeyou Istchee et le gouvernement de la province de Québec dans la mise en œuvre d'une approche collaborative de la gestion fore","PeriodicalId":13868,"journal":{"name":"International Forestry Review","volume":"24 1","pages":"345 - 359"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44394702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：