International Journal of Electrochemical Science最新文献_第8页

Corrosion inhibition of mild steel by an eco-friendly effective chitosan ortho-vanillin Schiff base in hydrochloric acid 高效壳聚糖邻香兰素希夫碱对低碳钢在盐酸中的缓蚀作用

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101228

H.H. Zhang, X. Wang, B.Q. Yang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang

The corrosion inhibition performance during acid cleaning often uses harmful chemicals, or eco-friendly extracts involving complicated steps and multiple organic solvents. This study explores an environmental friendly alternative of single-step synthesized chitosan ortho-vanillin Schiff base (OVCS) and investigates its inhibition behavior for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. The structure of prepared OVCS was characterized using FTIR. Thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the synthesized OVCS compound exhibited good thermal stability at the temperature below 200 °C. Weigh loss results indicated that OVCS compound acted as an effective corrosion inhibitor and the maximum inhibitory efficiency was up to 93.99 % at the concentration of 1000 mg/L. Potentiodynamic polarization tests revealed that OVCS worked as mixed-type inhibitor and the corrosion current density decreased from 258.8 μA·cm⁻² (in the absence of OVCS inhibitor) to 18.90 μA· cm⁻² (in the presence of 1000 mg/L OVCS inhibitor). The adsorption of OVCS compound onto mild steel follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The standard free energy of adsorption was found to be −27.59 kJ/mol, indicating both chemical and physical adsorption interactions and the coordinate covalent bonding was predominant. Thermodynamic parameters, ΔH_a and ΔS_a were also calculated to further illustrate the corrosion inhibition performance. This study supplies a facile and effective strategy for corrosion protection of mild steel during acid cleaning process in industrial applications.

酸清洗时的缓蚀性能往往使用有害化学物质，或涉及复杂步骤和多种有机溶剂的环保型萃取物。本研究探索了一种环境友好的单步合成壳聚糖邻香草醛希夫碱（OVCS）替代品，并研究了其在1 M HCl溶液中对低碳钢的缓蚀行为。用FTIR对制备的OVCS进行了结构表征。热重分析表明，合成的OVCS化合物在低于200℃的温度下具有良好的热稳定性。失重结果表明，OVCS化合物是一种有效的缓蚀剂，在浓度为1000 mg/L时，其最大抑制效率可达93.99 %。动电位极化试验表明，OVCS作为混合型缓蚀剂，腐蚀电流密度从258.8 μA·cm−2（不含OVCS缓蚀剂）下降到18.90 μA·cm−2（含1000 mg/L OVCS缓蚀剂）。OVCS化合物在低碳钢上的吸附遵循Langmuir吸附等温线。吸附的标准自由能为−27.59 kJ/mol，表明化学和物理吸附相互作用以配位共价键为主。热力学参数ΔHa和ΔSa的计算也进一步说明了缓蚀性能。本研究为工业应用中低碳钢酸洗过程的腐蚀防护提供了一种简便有效的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Front Matter1:Full Title Page 封面1：完整的标题页

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/S1452-3981(25)00321-9

引用次数: 0

Capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection: A promising platform for anti-doping analysis 毛细管电泳电化学检测：一个很有前途的反兴奋剂分析平台

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101229

Haijun Zhan

Sports drug testing is crucial for protecting athlete health and upholding the integrity of fair competition. While chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) remains the gold standard in world anti-doping agency (WADA) accredited laboratories, its logistical and economic constraints limit the scope and frequency of testing, creating a significant detection gap. This gap highlights an urgent need for analytical platforms that are rapid, cost-effective, and adaptable for high-throughput screening and on-site testing. This review critically examines capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemical detection (CE-EC) as a powerful and versatile platform poised to fill this specific need. This review posits that CE-EC's primary role is not to replace the confirmatory power of MS, but to act as a vital complementary technology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of technological advances that have enhanced CE-EC performance, including nanomaterial-modified electrodes and molecularly imprinted polymers for superior sensitivity, miniaturization into lab-on-a-chip formats for high-throughput analysis, and advanced detection modalities such as pulsed amperometric detection and capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection. Concurrently, this review addresses the core challenges that have hindered its adoption, including the debate over sensitivity relative to MS, matrix effects in biological samples, and the need for robust, validated methods. By presenting evidence from recent literature, this review delineates the specific contexts in which CE-EC is a viable platform. Finally, this review explores future directions, focusing on portable, on-site CE-EC devices that could revolutionize anti-doping strategies by shifting the paradigm from centralized detection to widespread, real-time deterrence.

体育药物检测对于保护运动员健康和维护公平竞争的完整性至关重要。虽然色谱联用质谱（MS）仍然是世界反兴奋剂机构（WADA）认可的实验室的金标准，但其后勤和经济限制了测试的范围和频率，造成了重大的检测差距。这一差距凸显了对快速、经济、适应高通量筛选和现场测试的分析平台的迫切需求。这篇综述严格审查毛细管电泳耦合电化学检测（CE-EC）作为一个强大的和通用的平台准备满足这一特定需求。本综述认为CE-EC的主要作用不是取代质谱的确认能力，而是作为一种重要的补充技术。这篇综述全面分析了提高CE-EC性能的技术进步，包括纳米材料修饰电极和分子印迹聚合物的高灵敏度，小型化到芯片实验室的高通量分析，以及先进的检测方式，如脉冲安培检测和电容耦合非接触式电导率检测。同时，这篇综述解决了阻碍其采用的核心挑战，包括相对于质谱的敏感性的争论，生物样品中的基质效应，以及对可靠的、经过验证的方法的需求。通过展示来自最近文献的证据，本综述描述了CE-EC是可行平台的具体背景。最后，本综述探讨了未来的发展方向，重点是便携式现场CE-EC设备，这些设备可以通过将范式从集中检测转变为广泛的实时威慑来彻底改变反兴奋剂策略。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of electroplating processes using Kriging-based response surface method (K-RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) for enhanced surface uniformity of copper 基于kriging响应面法（K-RSM）和遗传算法（GA）优化电镀工艺以提高铜表面均匀性

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101216

Cheng-Tang Pan , Yu-Hsiu Lin , Yi-Hsuan Liu , Ming-Chan Lee

Non-uniform copper surface roughness in semiconductor manufacturing causes false Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) signals, necessitating manual re-inspection and reducing production efficiency. This study aims to optimize electroplating processes to improve surface quality and reduce labor dependence by systematically investigating the effects of critical process parameters. Uniform Design (UD) was employed to establish the experimental framework, examining the influence of current density, production time limitation (Q-Time), and plating thickness on electroplating quality. A Kriging-based Response Surface Method (K-RSM) integrated with Genetic Algorithm (GA) was applied for process optimization, followed by experimental validation. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) assessed the contribution of each factor to surface uniformity. Results demonstrated that optimal parameters—current density of 9 A/dm², Q-Time of 1 h, and plating thickness of 5.7 μm—achieved 17.48 % improvement in surface roughness uniformity and 23.33 % reduction in manual re-inspection rates after AOI. Current density exhibited the most significant influence on surface quality. The proposed methodology provides a systematic and reproducible approach for electroplating process optimization, effectively enhancing manufacturing reliability while minimizing labor costs in semiconductor production.

半导体制造中铜表面不均匀的粗糙度会导致错误的自动光学检测（AOI）信号，需要人工重新检测，降低生产效率。本研究旨在通过系统研究关键工艺参数的影响，优化电镀工艺，以提高表面质量，减少对劳动力的依赖。采用均匀设计（UD）建立实验框架，考察了电流密度、生产时限（Q-Time）和电镀厚度对电镀质量的影响。将基于kriging的响应面法（K-RSM）与遗传算法（GA）相结合，进行工艺优化，并进行实验验证。方差分析（ANOVA）评估了每个因素对表面均匀性的贡献。结果表明，最优参数为电流密度为9 A/dm²，Q-Time为1 h，电镀厚度为5.7 μm，表面粗糙度均匀性提高17.48% %，AOI后人工复检率降低23.33% %。电流密度对表面质量的影响最为显著。提出的方法为电镀工艺优化提供了一种系统的、可重复的方法，有效地提高了制造可靠性，同时最大限度地降低了半导体生产中的劳动力成本。

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引用次数: 0

Electrodeposition of porous Ni-W-Mo alloy coatings and their performance in hydrogen evolution reaction Ni-W-Mo合金多孔镀层的电沉积及其析氢性能

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101225

Weishou Hu , Lian Zhao , Xinkun Xiao , Jia Liu , Shengzhao Gao , Huaguo Zhong , Yong Li , Yanan Li , Changwei Su , Wenhao Feng , Zihan Chen

The high cost of noble metal catalysts seriously restricts the large-scale application of electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Although nickel-based alloys have shown potential as alternative materials, their performance still needs to be further improved through synergistic optimization of composition and structure. In this study, porous Ni-W-Mo alloy was prepared by electrodeposition in pyrophosphate electrolyte using dynamic hydrogen bubble template method (DHBT). The optimized NiWMo0.6 alloy exhibits a three-dimensional porous structure, and the ECSA reaches 229.13 cm², which is 10.7 times higher than that of the Fe substrate. Its overpotential (η₁₀ = 147 mV, η₂₀ = 190 mV) and charge transfer resistance (5.449 Ω·cm²) are significantly better than those of Ni-W alloy. After 18 h of stability test, the performance slightly decay, which confirmed the durability of the structure. The introduction of Mo optimizes the electronic structure of Ni-W alloy and cooperates with porous morphology to increase the density of active sites. This study provides a new strategy for the synergistic regulation of composition and structure for the design of low-cost and efficient HER catalysts.

贵金属催化剂的高成本严重制约了电催化析氢反应（HER）的大规模应用。虽然镍基合金已显示出作为替代材料的潜力，但其性能仍需要通过成分和结构的协同优化来进一步提高。本研究采用动态氢泡模板法（DHBT）在焦磷酸盐电解液中电沉积制备了多孔Ni-W-Mo合金。优化后的NiWMo0.6合金呈现出三维多孔结构，ECSA达到229.13 cm2，是Fe基体的10.7倍。其过电位（η10 = 147 mV, η₂₀= 190 mV）和电荷转移电阻（5.449 Ω·cm2）显著优于Ni-W合金。稳定性试验18 h后，性能略有衰减，证实了结构的耐久性。Mo的引入优化了Ni-W合金的电子结构，并与多孔形貌相配合，增加了活性位点的密度。本研究为设计低成本高效的HER催化剂提供了一种协同调节组成和结构的新策略。

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引用次数: 0

Flow field optimization for electrochemical machining of pit arrays in multiple rows 多排凹坑阵列电化学加工流场优化

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101239

Bin He , Zhuwei Lu , Ziming Xue , Weining Lei

The flow field distribution is important to the processing quality of array structures in electrochemical machining (ECM). To solve the problem of poor consistency of multiple rows of pits, a flow field optimization method was proposed to reduce the height of the cathode teeth and add the flow channel and transition region. The flow field simulation results showed that there was evaporation under the initial flow field, and the flow velocity in the processing area of multiple rows of pits gradually decreased. The flow of electrolyte in the optimized flow field was more concentrated, the flow velocity in the processing area was greater than that in the non-processing area between rows, and the flow velocity in multiple rows of pits was more uniform. The pit arrays of 6 rows × 10 columns were processed by using the initial and optimized flow field. The pit arrays processed with the optimized flow field are more consistent; the standard deviations (SD) of the depth, length, and width of pits are 3.87μm, 10.16μm and 12.02μm, respectively. In addition, the optimized flow field also helps to reduce stray corrosion. This research has certain reference value for solving the processing problem of the anvil part of the endoscopic stapler.

在电化学加工中，流场分布对阵列结构的加工质量有重要影响。针对多排凹坑一致性差的问题，提出了一种降低阴极齿高度、增加流道和过渡区的流场优化方法。流场模拟结果表明，初始流场下存在蒸发现象，多排凹坑加工区内的流速逐渐减小。优化后的流场中电解液流动更加集中，排间加工区内流速大于非加工区内流速，多排凹坑内流速更加均匀。利用初始流场和优化后的流场对6行× 10列的坑阵进行处理。优化后的流场处理后的坑阵更加一致；凹坑深度、长度和宽度的标准差分别为3.87μm、10.16μm和12.02μm。此外，优化后的流场也有助于减少杂散腐蚀。本研究对解决内镜吻合器砧部的加工问题具有一定的参考价值。

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引用次数: 0

Combined X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) and electrochemical analysis of electrolyte-regulated stability of Li-metal anodes 联合x射线计算机断层扫描（X-CT）和电化学分析锂金属阳极的电解质调节稳定性

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101224

Renzhi Jiang, Yuncheng Cai, Ningning Dong

Rechargeable Li metal batteries are regarded as a pragmatic solution in the pursuit of cell-level energy densities exceeding 500 Wh kg⁻¹. However, their stable operation remains a formidable challenge, primarily due to the dendritic and heterogeneous Li plating/stripping behavior of the Li metal anode, which is strongly influenced by electrolyte chemistry. Herein, we employ synergetic X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) and electrochemical characterization to examine electrolyte-dependent stabilization of Li metal interfaces and structural integrity. X-CT analysis uncovered Li plating/stripping dynamics and crack propagation in ester-based (ES) and ether-based (ET) electrolytes We reveal that, compared to conventional ES electrolytes, advanced ET electrolytes markedly enhance the homogeneity and densification of Li deposition, effectively suppressing dendrite formation and mitigating electrode structural degradation. This improvement is attributed to the enhanced stability of electrode structure, coupled with accelerated Li⁺ transport kinetics. With a 50 μm-thick electrode, Li||Li symmetric cells exhibit remarkable longevity, sustaining stable operation for over 1200 h at 1 mA cm⁻² and 1 mAh cm⁻², and extending to 2000 h at 1 mA cm⁻² and 2 mAh cm⁻². When applied to practical full cells with a high cathode loading of 4 mAh cm⁻² and a 50 μm-thick bare Li electrode, LiNi_0.95Mn_0.03Co_0.02O₂ (NMC9532) ||Li cells demonstrate superior capacity retention, 96 % after 100 cycles and 74 % after 200 cycles at 0.3 C, outperforming their counterparts with carbonate-based electrolytes (50 % retention after 200 cycles under identical conditions). This work offers valuable insights into electrolyte-dependent Li plating behavior and the evolution of the electrolyte/electrode interface under practical conditions, paving the way for the development of high-energy-density Li metal batteries.

可充电锂金属电池被认为是追求电池级能量密度超过500 Wh kg−1的实用解决方案。然而，它们的稳定运行仍然是一个艰巨的挑战，主要是由于锂金属阳极的枝晶和非均相镀/剥离行为，这受到电解质化学的强烈影响。在此，我们采用协同x射线计算机断层扫描（X-CT）和电化学表征来检查锂金属界面的电解质依赖稳定性和结构完整性。X-CT分析揭示了酯基（ES）和醚基（ET）电解质中的锂电镀/剥离动力学和裂纹扩展。我们发现，与传统的ES电解质相比，先进的ET电解质显著增强了锂沉积的均匀性和致密性，有效地抑制了枝晶的形成，减轻了电极结构的退化。这种改进归因于电极结构稳定性的增强，以及Li+传输动力学的加速。使用50 μm厚的电极，Li||Li对称电池表现出显著的寿命，在1 mA cm−2和1 mAh cm−2下稳定运行1200 h以上，在1 mA cm−2和2 mAh cm−2下稳定运行2000 h。当应用于具有4 mAh cm−2高阴极负载和50 μm厚裸锂电极的实际全电池时，lini0.95 mn0.03 co0.020 o2 (NMC9532) ||锂电池表现出优异的容量保持率，在0.3 C下循环100次后为96% %，在200次循环后为74% %，优于使用碳酸基电解质的电池（在相同条件下循环200次后为50% %）。这项工作对电解质依赖的锂电镀行为和实际条件下电解质/电极界面的演变提供了有价值的见解，为高能量密度锂金属电池的发展铺平了道路。

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引用次数: 0

Fabric-integrated supercapacitors as power sources for wearable motion sensors 织物集成超级电容器作为可穿戴运动传感器的电源

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101220

Dongmei Pan

Wearable motion monitoring systems demand power sources that are lightweight, flexible, and mechanically resilient while providing sufficient electrochemical performance under real-world conditions. This review critically surveys recent progress in fabric-integrated supercapacitors, emphasizing their unique suitability for intermittent, high-power operation in wearable electronics. The discussion begins with an evaluation of carbon-based, pseudocapacitive, and hybrid electrode materials, highlighting advances in nanostructuring, heterostructure design, and composite engineering that balance conductivity, capacitance, and durability. Fabrication strategies—including dip-coating, screen printing, wet spinning, and electrodeposition—are compared in terms of scalability, adhesion, and impact on textile comfort, with particular attention to the “scalability gap” that separates laboratory prototypes from manufacturable devices. The role of solid-state and gel polymer electrolytes is analyzed, noting their trade-offs between safety, ionic conductivity, and mechanical stability. Performance benchmarking across diverse material and device architectures reveals impressive power densities and mechanical robustness but also exposes the persistent challenge of low energy density relative to batteries. Case studies demonstrate that while current devices cannot yet serve as sole continuous power sources, their high-rate capabilities and durability position them as effective energy buffers when coupled with harvesting technologies such as thermoelectrics or triboelectrics. By situating these developments within the context of wearable sensor requirements, this review provides a holistic perspective on the state of fabric-integrated supercapacitors and delineates the material, processing, and integration strategies necessary to close the gap toward practical deployment in next-generation e-textiles.

可穿戴式运动监测系统需要轻便、灵活、机械弹性强的电源，同时在实际条件下提供足够的电化学性能。本文综述了织物集成超级电容器的最新进展，强调了其在可穿戴电子产品中间歇性、高功率运行的独特适用性。讨论从碳基、假电容和杂化电极材料的评估开始，重点介绍了纳米结构、异质结构设计和复合材料工程方面的进展，以平衡电导率、电容和耐用性。制造策略——包括浸涂、丝网印刷、湿纺和电沉积——在可扩展性、附着力和对纺织品舒适性的影响方面进行了比较，特别注意将实验室原型与可制造设备分开的“可扩展性差距”。分析了固态和凝胶聚合物电解质的作用，指出了它们在安全性、离子电导率和机械稳定性之间的权衡。不同材料和器件架构的性能基准测试显示了令人印象深刻的功率密度和机械稳健性，但也暴露了相对于电池的低能量密度的持续挑战。案例研究表明，虽然目前的设备还不能作为唯一的连续电源，但当与热电或摩擦电等收集技术相结合时，它们的高速率能力和耐用性使它们成为有效的能量缓冲器。通过将这些发展置于可穿戴传感器需求的背景下，本综述提供了对织物集成超级电容器状态的整体视角，并描述了在下一代电子纺织品中实际部署所需的材料，加工和集成策略。

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引用次数: 0

Graphite anode with thick honeycomb architecture and high areal capacity fabricated via FDM 3D printing for lithium-ion batteries 采用FDM 3D打印技术制备了具有厚蜂窝结构和高面容量的锂离子电池石墨阳极

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101219

Qiongzhen Zeng , Zhiyu Huo , Dongdong Wu , Lei Chen , Jinan Zhao

Graphite as the most widely used commercial anode material, has been developed to approach the theoretical upper limit of specific capacity, which possibly unsatisfied market demand in the coming future. To pursuit higher energy density Li-ion batteries (LIBs), a way of increasing anode thickness to improve areal capacity is proposed. 3D printing as an emerging technology, has more potential than traditional slurry-casting method in manufacturing the thick electrodes. Hence, this work employs Fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing and carbonization process to fabricate a thick electrode without current collector, 3D-G, which has honeycomb architecture, high areal mass loading and high areal capacity. With the biggest thickness, 3D-G can present a 16.96 mg cm⁻² areal mass loading. The architecture offers surface channel to facilitate electrolyte infiltration and Li-ion diffusion that alleviates the kinetics defect caused by scaling up thickness. With a 0.6 mm electrode thickness and 0.5 mm honeycomb thickness, 3D-G delivered a 1.69 mAh cm⁻² remaining capacity and a 2.53 mAh cm⁻² average capacity after 100 cycles at a 0.3 mA cm⁻². This research reveals the defects of graphite thick electrode and contributes a surface channel strategy to fabricate thick electrodes and optimize the rate and cycle capability.

石墨作为应用最广泛的工业阳极材料，其比容量已接近理论上限，未来可能无法满足市场需求。为了追求更高能量密度的锂离子电池，提出了增加阳极厚度以提高面容量的方法。3D打印作为一种新兴技术，在制造厚电极方面比传统的浆料铸造技术具有更大的潜力。因此，本研究采用熔融沉积建模（FDM）打印和碳化工艺，制备了蜂窝结构、高面质量载荷和高面容量的无集流电极3D-G。在厚度最大的情况下，3D-G的面质量载荷为16.96 mg cm−2。该结构提供了表面通道，以促进电解质的渗透和锂离子的扩散，减轻了因厚度增加而引起的动力学缺陷。3D-G电极厚度为0.6 mm，蜂窝厚度为0.5 mm，在0.3 mA cm−2下循环100次后，剩余容量为1.69 mAh cm−2，平均容量为2.53 mAh cm−2。本研究揭示了石墨厚电极存在的缺陷，为厚电极的制备及速率和循环性能的优化提供了一种表面通道策略。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of reaction time on the morphology and electrochemical performance of Co₃O₄/Carbon cloth cathodes for zinc-ion batteries 反应时间对Co₃O₄/碳布锌离子电池阴极形态及电化学性能的影响

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101215

Kefan Wu, Zhe Wang, Yujia Wang, Ying Ma, Tianran Lin, Youfeng Zhang

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) show great promise for applications in smart grid energy storage, power tools, and other fields. Among various cathode materials, Co₃O₄ stands out as an ideal candidate. However, while many studies have focused on the synthesis, design, and doping of cathode materials, the influence of synthesis parameters such as hydrothermal reaction time on morphology and electrochemical performance has been less explored. In this study, Co₃O₄/CC cathode materials were fabricated on carbon cloth via hydrothermal reactions with different durations: 3, 4, 6, and 8 h. The electrode synthesized over 8 h exhibited the best battery performance. It featured uniformly distributed Co₃O₄ nanowires with a regular surface and small dimensions on the carbon cloth. The corresponding Zn-ion battery demonstrated excellent rate capability and low reaction resistance. Within a voltage window of 0.01–2.2 V, the initial discharge specific capacity reached 108.2 mAh/g at a current density of 1 A/g. After 60 charge–discharge cycles, the specific capacity increased to 142.6 mAh/g, indicating good cycling stability. This work provides optimized hydrothermal reaction conditions for preparing high-performance Co₃O₄ cathodes for zinc-ion batteries.

水性锌离子电池（azib）在智能电网储能、电动工具和其他领域的应用前景广阔。在各种阴极材料中，Co₃O₄是理想的候选者。然而，虽然许多研究都集中在正极材料的合成、设计和掺杂方面，但对水热反应时间等合成参数对阴极材料形貌和电化学性能的影响研究较少。在碳布上通过水热反应制备了Co₃O₄/CC正极材料，反应时间分别为3、4、6、8 h。在8 h以上合成的电极表现出最佳的电池性能。它的特点是均匀分布的Co₃O₄纳米线，表面规则，碳布上的尺寸小。相应的锌离子电池表现出优异的倍率性能和较低的反应电阻。在0.01 ~ 2.2 V的电压窗口内，电流密度为1 a /g时，初始放电比容量达到108.2 mAh/g。经过60次充放电循环后，比容量增加到142.6 mAh/g，具有良好的循环稳定性。为制备高性能Co₃O₄锌离子电池阴极提供了优化的水热反应条件。

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引用次数: 0