International Journal of Electrochemical Science最新文献_第9页

Enhanced DC and RF performance of an SOI-MESFET with dual intrinsic layers and a doped channel bottom 具有双本质层和掺杂沟道底的SOI-MESFET的直流和射频性能增强

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101240

Seyed Mohammad Razavi , Toktam Aghaee

In this paper, a proposed structure of SOI-MESFET with two intrinsic semiconductor layers at the top of the channel and an area with additional impurities in the channel bottom (IA-SOI) is presented. In addition to this structure, the transistor, which has only two intrinsic semiconductor layers at the top of the channel (I-SOI), is tested to determine the importance of the layer with more impurities in the channel bottom of IA-SOI. Some of the most important electrical parameters of the proposed transistors are studied and compared with those of the conventional structure (C-SOI). These parameters include drain current, electric field, breakdown voltage, gate-source capacitor, output resistance, maximum output power density and threshold voltage. The two intrinsic semiconductor layers of IA-SOI improve the breakdown voltage of this transistor by 45 % and reduce the gate-source capacitor by 18 % compared to those of the C-SOI. Also, the layer with additional impurities in the channel bottom of the proposed structure increases the drain current by 100 %. Simultaneous increase of drain current and breakdown voltage in IA-SOI significantly increases the maximum power density of this transistor compared to the conventional one. Comparing I-SOI with the conventional structure, it can be concluded that I-SOI increases the output resistance by 100 % compared to that in the C-SOI structure.

本文提出了一种SOI-MESFET的结构，该结构在沟道顶部有两个本禀半导体层，沟道底部有一个额外杂质区域（IA-SOI）。除了这种结构外，还测试了在通道（I-SOI）顶部只有两个本禀半导体层的晶体管，以确定IA-SOI通道底部含有更多杂质层的重要性。研究了所提出的晶体管的一些最重要的电参数，并与传统结构（C-SOI）的电参数进行了比较。这些参数包括漏极电流、电场、击穿电压、栅源电容、输出电阻、最大输出功率密度和阈值电压。与C-SOI相比，IA-SOI的两个本征半导体层使晶体管的击穿电压提高了45% %，栅极源电容减少了18% %。此外，在所提出的结构的通道底部具有额外杂质的层使漏极电流增加100 %。与传统晶体管相比，IA-SOI中漏极电流和击穿电压的同时增加显著提高了晶体管的最大功率密度。将I-SOI与常规结构进行比较，可以得出结论：与C-SOI结构相比，I-SOI的输出电阻增加了100 %。

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引用次数: 0

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) in sports science: Applications, insights and future directions 生物电阻抗矢量分析（BIVA）在运动科学中的应用、见解和未来方向

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101222

Yuanyuan Liu, Xiaoqin Xu, Aixin Yang

Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) has emerged as a promising bioelectrochemical method to evaluate physiological states and monitor training responses in athletes. This review synthesizes current evidence on BIVA’s applications in four major domains: hydration assessment, body composition and training adaptation, injury monitoring and recovery, and performance profiling. Unlike conventional single-parameter bioimpedance metrics, BIVA integrates resistance and reactance normalized for height to yield phase angle and vector displacement within population tolerance ellipses, enabling a qualitative assessment of cellular integrity and fluid distribution. In hydration monitoring, vectors typically lengthen and migrate upward with fluid loss when assessed serially under standardized conditions; single time-point classification is less sensitive in individuals. We outline practical thresholds for meaningful change using paired vector statistics for groups and reference-change values for individuals, and we summarize evidence from exercise hypohydration and training adaptations. Longitudinal studies indicate that training-induced increases in body cell mass correspond to leftward and shorter vectors, while segmental BIVA enhances resolution for localized muscle groups. Evidence also supports the use of BIVA to detect injury-related tissue alterations, track edema resolution, and guide return-to-play decisions through vector re-alignment toward pre-injury values. Furthermore, correlations between phase angle and performance indices such as VO₂max, muscle power, and neuromuscular efficiency suggest BIVA’s potential to complement performance assessments. However, variability due to electrode placement, skin temperature, posture, and timing relative to exercise underscores the need for standardized protocols and sport-specific reference ellipses. Future integration of multifrequency data and machine learning-driven pattern recognition may strengthen BIVA’s predictive capacity, transforming it from a descriptive biomarker into a decision-support tool for individualized athlete management.

生物电阻抗矢量分析（BIVA）已成为一种很有前途的生物电化学方法来评估运动员的生理状态和监测训练反应。这篇综述综合了目前BIVA在四个主要领域的应用证据：水合作用评估、身体成分和训练适应、损伤监测和恢复以及表现分析。与传统的单参数生物阻抗测量不同，BIVA集成了电阻和电抗的高度归一化，从而在种群容忍椭圆内产生相角和矢量位移，从而能够定性评估细胞完整性和流体分布。在水化监测中，当在标准化条件下连续评估时，载体通常会随着流体损失而延长并向上移动；单时间点分类对个体不太敏感。我们使用成对矢量统计对群体和个人的参考变化值概述了有意义变化的实际阈值，并总结了运动缺水和训练适应的证据。纵向研究表明，训练诱导的体细胞质量增加对应于向左和更短的向量，而节段性BIVA增强了局部肌肉群的分辨率。证据还支持使用BIVA来检测损伤相关的组织改变，跟踪水肿消退，并通过矢量重新对准损伤前值来指导恢复比赛决策。此外，相角与VO₂max、肌肉力量和神经肌肉效率等性能指标之间的相关性表明，BIVA有可能补充性能评估。然而，与运动相关的电极放置、皮肤温度、姿势和时间的可变性强调了标准化方案和运动特定参考省略的必要性。未来多频数据和机器学习驱动的模式识别的整合可能会加强BIVA的预测能力，将其从描述性生物标志物转变为个性化运动员管理的决策支持工具。

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引用次数: 0

Electrodeposition of gradient Ni/SiO₂ nanocomposite coatings on St.37 steel: Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance St.37钢上梯度Ni/SiO 2纳米复合镀层的电沉积：显微组织、力学性能和耐蚀性

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101226

P. Ashtari, T. Gholizadeh

This research focused on the possibility of fabricating a gradient Ni/SiO₂ nanocomposite coating on a St. 37 substrate using the electrodeposition method from a Watts bath. The effects of applied current density and nanoparticle (NP) concentration on the coatings' composition, microstructure, microhardness, and corrosion resistance were investigated. GDS and EDS analyses were used to quantify the NP concentration and evaluate the NP dispersion in the coating, respectively. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed via Design-Expert software for process optimization. Following the determination of optimized parameters, a gradient coating was successfully produced under three distinct deposition conditions. The microstructure of the coatings was studied using XRD, and the mechanical and electrochemical properties were evaluated through microhardness measurements and potentiodynamic polarization tests, respectively. Findings confirmed the successful production of a gradient coating, with SiO₂ content precisely controlled from 0.69 wt% at the interface to a maximum of 3.49 wt% at the surface. The incorporation of SiO₂ NPs induced significant grain refinement, reducing the average crystallite size from 138 nm to 90 nm. This microstructural modification resulted in a corresponding increase in microhardness to 359 Hv. The corrosion current density decreases by up to 8.9 times compared to low-nanoparticle content layers.

本研究的重点是在St. 37衬底上利用瓦特浴电沉积方法制备梯度Ni/SiO2纳米复合涂层的可能性。研究了外加电流密度和纳米粒子浓度对镀层组成、显微组织、显微硬度和耐蚀性的影响。利用GDS和EDS分析分别量化NP浓度和评价NP在涂层中的分散程度。通过Design-Expert软件，采用响应面法（RSM）进行工艺优化。在确定了优化参数后，在三种不同的沉积条件下成功地制备了梯度涂层。采用XRD研究了涂层的微观结构，并分别通过显微硬度测试和动电位极化测试对涂层的力学性能和电化学性能进行了评价。结果证实了梯度涂层的成功生产，SiO2含量精确控制在界面处的0.69 wt%到表面处的最大3.49 wt%。SiO2纳米颗粒的掺入导致晶粒细化，平均晶粒尺寸从138 nm减小到90 nm。这种显微组织的改变导致显微硬度相应提高到359 Hv。与低纳米颗粒含量层相比，腐蚀电流密度降低了8.9倍。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical evaluation of nanostructured coatings for corrosion protection of structural metals 纳米结构金属防腐涂层的电化学评价

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101214

Qianqian Wang

Corrosion of steel and other construction metals represents a critical threat to infrastructure durability, and recent advances in nanotechnology have inspired a new generation of protective coatings with superior performance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of electrochemical methods used to evaluate nanocoatings (nanostructured coatings and nano-additive-modified coatings) and highlights how different classes of nanoscale materials improve corrosion resistance. Techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, and localized probes not only quantify reductions in corrosion current and increases in charge-transfer resistance, but also clarify the mechanisms by which nanostructured additives function. Inorganic nanoparticles such as silica, titania, and ceria enhance barrier density and adhesion, while layered clays and double hydroxides impart both tortuous diffusion paths and inhibitor release capability. Carbon-based nanomaterials, including graphene, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes, offer unique two-dimensional or fibrous architectures that create highly effective barriers, though their long-term behavior depends strongly on dispersion, orientation, and defect control. Conductive polymers and hybrid composites integrate active passivation with structural reinforcement, and self-healing nanocontainer systems demonstrate the ability to autonomously restore protection at damaged sites. By comparing diverse strategies, this review emphasizes the interplay between barrier effects, active inhibition, and mechanical reinforcement, while also recognizing the challenges of durability, scalability, and environmental safety. Overall, electrochemical insights have advanced both the understanding and optimization of nanocoatings, guiding the design of multifunctional systems that can extend service life and reduce maintenance costs for critical infrastructure.

钢铁和其他建筑金属的腐蚀对基础设施的耐久性构成了严重威胁，纳米技术的最新进展激发了新一代具有卓越性能的保护涂层。本文综述了用于评价纳米涂层（纳米结构涂层和纳米添加剂改性涂层）的电化学方法，并重点介绍了不同类别的纳米材料如何提高耐腐蚀性。动电位极化、电化学阻抗谱、线性极化电阻和局部探针等技术不仅量化了腐蚀电流的减少和电荷转移电阻的增加，而且还阐明了纳米结构添加剂的作用机制。无机纳米颗粒（如二氧化硅、二氧化钛和二氧化铈）增强了屏障密度和粘附力，而层状粘土和双氢氧化物赋予了弯曲的扩散路径和抑制剂释放能力。碳基纳米材料，包括石墨烯、氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管，提供了独特的二维或纤维结构，可以产生高效的屏障，尽管它们的长期行为在很大程度上取决于分散、取向和缺陷控制。导电聚合物和杂化复合材料将主动钝化与结构增强相结合，自修复纳米容器系统展示了在受损部位自主恢复保护的能力。通过比较不同的策略，本综述强调了屏障效应、主动抑制和机械加固之间的相互作用，同时也认识到耐久性、可扩展性和环境安全性方面的挑战。总的来说，电化学的见解促进了对纳米涂层的理解和优化，指导了多功能系统的设计，可以延长关键基础设施的使用寿命并降低维护成本。

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引用次数: 0

Electrochemical oxidation of four pharmaceutical pollutants using Ti/IrO2 and Nb/BDD anodes: Application of factorial design methodology 用Ti/IrO2和Nb/BDD阳极电化学氧化四种药物污染物：析因设计方法的应用

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101211

Akotto Achiepo Gaetan , Briton Bi Gouessé Henri , Ngoma Tsaty Veronique junior , Yao Kouassi Benjamin , Drogui Patrick

The simultaneous oxidation of four PhCs (Carbamazepine (CBZ), Caffeine (CAF), Ibuprofen (IBU), and Diclofenac (DFC)) has been investigated by electrochemical oxidation process using Ti/IrO₂ and Nb/BDD anode electrodes, respectively. The initial concentration of each PhCs was 69 µg/L. The effectiveness of the electro-oxidation process was due to its capability of oxidizing PhCs at the anode surface and in solution. A factorial experimental design was used for determining the influent parameters on the PhCs degradation. Four factors were investigated: supporting electrolyte concentration, current density, period of electrolysis and anode type. Anode type and treatment time were the most influent parameters on the electrochemical degradation of pollutants. By using a 2⁴ factorial design, the best performance for PhCs degradation (more than 99 % of each PhC removed) was obtained by using boron doped diamond anode electrode (BDD) operated at a current density of 5.24 mA/cm² during 70 min of period treatment time in the presence of 1.0 g Na₂SO₄/L. However, the period of treatment time could be five times reduced (to simultaneously remove around 100 % of each PhC) while using NaCl as supporting electrolyte (instead of Na₂SO₄). This was mainly attributed to the combination of direct and indirect effect of electrolysis, more effective in the case of NaCl used as supporting electrolyte compared to Na₂SO₄. The direct effect of electrolysis contributed to oxidize 40–80 % of PhCs (namely for DFC, IBU and CAF), whereas more than 99 % of CBZ could be oxidized owing to the sole direct effect of electrolysis.

以Ti/IrO2和Nb/BDD为阳极，研究了四种PhCs（卡马西平（CBZ）、咖啡因（CAF）、布洛芬（IBU）和双氯芬酸（DFC））在电化学氧化过程中的同时氧化反应。各PhCs初始浓度为69 µg/L。电氧化过程的有效性是由于它在阳极表面和溶液中氧化PhCs的能力。采用因子实验设计确定进水参数对PhCs降解的影响。考察了支撑电解质浓度、电流密度、电解周期和阳极类型四个因素。阳极类型和处理时间是影响污染物电化学降解的主要参数。通过24因子设计，在1.0 g Na2SO4/L的条件下，以5.24 mA/cm2的电流密度、70 min的处理时间下，掺硼金刚石阳极电极（BDD）对PhCs的降解效果最佳（每个PhC去除率超过99% %）。然而，当使用NaCl作为支撑电解质（而不是Na2SO4）时，处理时间可以缩短5倍（同时去除每种PhC约100 %）。这主要是由于电解的直接作用和间接作用的结合，以NaCl作为支撑电解质比Na2SO4更有效。电解的直接作用导致40 - 80% %的PhCs（即DFC， IBU和CAF）被氧化，而超过99 %的CBZ仅由于电解的直接作用而被氧化。

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引用次数: 0

Recent advances in iron oxide/carbon composite electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors 高性能超级电容器用氧化铁/碳复合电极研究进展

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101217

Jiang Xia , Li Xin , Zhao Dongni

The performance of supercapacitors largely depends on the characteristics of electrode materials. Among various electrode materials, iron oxide has been widely used as an electrode material for supercapacitors. However, iron oxide still has problems of low stability and poor conductivity, which seriously hinders its application as an electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors. To solve these problems, one approach is to use carbon materials with good mechanical and electrical conductivity as the carbon skeleton of composite electrode materials and combine them with iron oxide of different crystal structures to obtain composite supercapacitor electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance. Based on the introduction of the structure and properties of ferrite compounds, this paper comprehensively reviews the preparation methods of iron-based/carbon composite electrode materials. In addition, based on different micro-space dimensional structures, the research progress of iron-based/carbon composite electrode materials in supercapacitors is summarized, and the problems in their application process are pointed out. This comprehensive summary will help promote the research and development of high-performance supercapacitors based on iron-based electrode materials.

超级电容器的性能在很大程度上取决于电极材料的特性。在各种电极材料中，氧化铁作为超级电容器的电极材料得到了广泛的应用。然而，氧化铁仍然存在稳定性低、导电性差等问题，严重阻碍了其作为高性能超级电容器电极材料的应用。为了解决这些问题，一种方法是使用具有良好机械导电性和导电性的碳材料作为复合电极材料的碳骨架，并与不同晶体结构的氧化铁结合，得到电化学性能优异的复合超级电容器电极材料。在介绍铁氧体化合物结构和性能的基础上，综述了铁基/碳复合电极材料的制备方法。此外，基于不同的微空间尺寸结构，总结了超级电容器中铁基/碳复合电极材料的研究进展，并指出了其应用过程中存在的问题。本文的综合总结将有助于推动基于铁基电极材料的高性能超级电容器的研究与开发。

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引用次数: 0

In situ FT-IR spectroelectrochemical investigation of the electrochemical reduction of duroquinone 杜醌电化学还原的原位红外光谱电化学研究

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101187

Tong Li , Baokang Jin , Changpeng Lv , Xuemei Shen , Mei Yang

Quinone is a bioactive compound present in some traditional Chinese medicines and participates in numerous biological processes. The carbonyl group in quinone serves as the active center in electrochemical reactions, functioning as an excellent carrier of electron transfer. In this study, in situ Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroelectrochemistry enables the real-time tracking of three-dimensional (3D) information at molecular level of different substances throughout the electrochemical process. The detection of absorption peaks corresponding to dimerization and hydrogen bonding in the Fourier transform infrared 3D spectra proves that the electrochemical reduction of duroquinone (DQ) in anhydrous acetonitrile involves dimer formation and development of intramolecular hydrogen bonds within monovalent anion radicals. Consistent with these findings, cyclic voltammetry reveals two pairs of redox peaks and one irreversible anodic peak. Surprisingly, ionic liquids with complex structures of ions, such as 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIMBF₄) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIMPF₆), make the reduction simpler. Conversely, the transformation of DQ to DQ^•- and subsequently to DQ^2- without dimer or hydrogen bond occurring, as clearly observed in the infrared cyclic voltabsorptometry (CVA) and derivative cyclic voltabsorptometry (DCVA). DQ undergoes a straightforward, sequential two-step, one-electron transfer process facilitated by the unique composition of ionic liquids, potentially prompting further evaluation of the roles of cations and anions in ionic liquids.

醌是一种生物活性化合物，存在于一些中药中，参与许多生物过程。醌中的羰基是电化学反应的活性中心，是电子转移的优良载体。在本研究中，原位傅里叶变换红外（FT-IR）光谱电化学能够在整个电化学过程中实时跟踪不同物质的分子水平的三维（3D）信息。傅里叶变换红外三维光谱中二聚和氢键对应的吸收峰的检测证明，在无水乙腈中，duroquinone （DQ）的电化学还原涉及到二聚体的形成和单价阴离子自由基内分子内氢键的形成。与这些发现一致，循环伏安法显示了两对氧化还原峰和一个不可逆阳极峰。令人惊讶的是，具有复杂离子结构的离子液体，如1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐（BMIMBF4）和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐（BMIMPF6），使还原过程更简单。相反，DQ到DQ•-和随后到DQ2-的转变没有发生二聚体或氢键，正如在红外循环伏安吸收法（CVA）和衍生循环伏安吸收法（DCVA）中清楚观察到的那样。由于离子液体的独特组成，DQ经历了一个简单、连续的两步、单电子转移过程，这可能促使人们进一步评估阳离子和阴离子在离子液体中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Boron-doped diamond-coated graphite electrodes with 3D interdigital structure for high current and narrow potential window 三维数字间结构的高电流窄电位窗掺硼金刚石涂覆石墨电极

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101196

Yu Okano , Terumasa Ito , Takatoshi Yamada , Wang J. Chun , Takahiro Morishita , Daniel H.C. Chua , Ken Okano , Kazuhiko Misawa

The application of a boron-doped diamond (BDD) coating to mechanical pencil leads enabled the fabrication of scalable three-dimensional interdigital electrodes that combine the high current density of graphite with the corrosion resistance of diamond. After 12 h of cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 1 M NaOH, the CV traces of the BDD electrodes overlapped completely. The anodic and cathodic peak current densities were + 6.7 × 10⁻⁴ A/cm² and − 5.9 × 10⁻⁴ A/cm², respectively. These values were approximately twice those of platinum (Pt) and only ∼ 35 % lower than those of a non-coated graphite electrode. Despite this high reactivity, the potential window of the BDD electrode was narrower than previously reported (ΔE = 1.88 V; Pt = 2.00 V), which can be attributed to the synergistic effects of surface oxidation, heavy boron doping, and minimized iR drops that suppress side reactions. Tafel analysis indicated the fastest interfacial rate (i₀ = 8.34 × 10⁻⁵ A/cm², α ≈ 0.59), confirming highly symmetric charge transfer in both anodic and cathodic directions. Post-CV scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed no cracks or delamination, while Raman spectroscopy confirmed the stability of the diamond peak at 1332 cm⁻¹, verifying both structural and chemical robustness under strongly alkaline conditions. Due to the combination of high exchange current density and a deliberately narrow potential window, the three-dimensional BDD/graphite composite electrode is expected to be both durable and efficient. It offers promise as a long-life electrode material for alkaline fuel cells and other high-current electrochemical devices, providing a cost-effective alternative to platinum.

将掺硼金刚石（BDD）涂层应用于机械铅笔芯，可以制造可扩展的三维数字间电极，该电极结合了石墨的高电流密度和金刚石的耐腐蚀性。在1 M NaOH溶液中循环伏安12 h后，BDD电极的CV轨迹完全重叠。阳极和阴极峰值电流密度分别为+ 6.7 × 10⁻⁴A/cm²和- 5.9 × 10⁻⁴A/cm²。这些值大约是铂（Pt）的两倍，仅比未涂覆石墨电极低~ 35 %。尽管具有如此高的反应活性，但BDD电极的电位窗口比先前报道的要窄（ΔE = 1.88 V; Pt = 2.00 V），这可归因于表面氧化，重硼掺杂和最小化iR滴抑制副反应的协同作用。Tafel分析显示了最快的界面速率（i 0 = 8.34 × 10⁻A/cm²，α≈0.59），证实了阳极和阴极方向上高度对称的电荷转移。后cv扫描电镜（SEM）显示没有裂纹或分层，而拉曼光谱证实了金刚石峰在1332 cm−1处的稳定性，验证了在强碱性条件下的结构和化学稳稳性。由于高交换电流密度和有意窄的电位窗口的结合，三维BDD/石墨复合电极有望既耐用又高效。它有望成为碱性燃料电池和其他大电流电化学设备的长寿命电极材料，为铂提供了一种具有成本效益的替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Hierarchical MXene/PANI porous film electrodes with improved ion transport for supercapacitors 超级电容器用改进离子传输的多层MXene/PANI多孔膜电极

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101199

Jiakun Liu, Zan Lu, Yuchen Jiang, Yantao Gao, Wei Liu, Wenfeng Hu, Binjie Xin

With the growing demand for high-performance energy storage devices, the development of advanced electrode materials remains a critical challenge. Two-dimensional transition metal carbides (MXene) show great promise, yet their intrinsic tendency to restack in thin-film electrodes impedes ion transport and limits capacitance. Here, we propose a rational structural engineering strategy to overcome this limitation by constructing internally supported hierarchical porous Ti₃C₂T_x films through hard-template-assisted pore formation. Moreover, the in-situ polymerization of polyaniline nanowires within the pores enhances conductivity and provides additional pseudocapacitance. Benefiting from the synergistic effects of hierarchical porosity and conductive polymer integration, the optimized electrode delivers a high specific capacitance of 270 F g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹ and an energy density of 37.5 Wh kg⁻¹ at 200 W kg⁻¹. After 8000 charge-discharge cycles, the capacitance retention remains at 80.37 %, demonstrating excellent stability. This work presents a simple and effective approach to designing robust MXene-based 3D porous electrodes, offering new insights into the development of high-performance supercapacitors.

随着对高性能储能器件的需求不断增长，开发先进的电极材料仍然是一个严峻的挑战。二维过渡金属碳化物（MXene）显示出很大的发展前景，但它们在薄膜电极中重新堆叠的固有倾向阻碍了离子传输并限制了电容。在这里，我们提出了一种合理的结构工程策略，通过硬模板辅助成孔来构建内部支撑的分层多孔Ti3C2Tx薄膜，以克服这一限制。此外，聚苯胺纳米线在孔内的原位聚合提高了电导率并提供了额外的伪电容。得益于分层孔隙度和导电聚合物集成的协同效应，优化后的电极在0.2 a g−1时具有270 F g−1的高比电容，在200 W kg−1时具有37.5 Wh kg−1的能量密度。在8000次充放电循环后，电容保持率保持在80.37 %，表现出良好的稳定性。这项工作提出了一种简单有效的方法来设计坚固的基于mxene的3D多孔电极，为高性能超级电容器的开发提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Corrosion behavior of electrodeposited Zn–Co and Zn–Co–Mo coatings on mild steel in NaCl solution 电沉积Zn-Co和Zn-Co - mo涂层对低碳钢在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为

IF 2.4 4区化学 Q4 ELECTROCHEMISTRY

International Journal of Electrochemical Science

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoes.2025.101208

Ke Wang

Vehicle body, particularly against chloride-containing environments such as de-icing salts, is a challenging task. The Zn-Co films are a potential and promising one for coated steel sheets, but a third alloying element in the Zn-Co alloys such as molybdenum greatly improves the performance of anticorrosive properties. In this study, the corrosion behavior and surface morphology of electrodeposited binary Zn-Co and ternary Zn-Co-Mo coatings on mild steel were examined. Coatings were electrodeposited from an acidic chloride solution containing sulphanilic acid (brightener) and gelatin (grain refiner). The chemical component of the coatings was verified by ICP-OES and EDS. Corrosion resistance was tested in 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The surface morphology and chemical composition were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results revealed that 1.7 wt% cobalt showed the highest improvement in binary alloy. The incorporation of molybdenum (∼ 1.0 wt%) resulted in a smoother, more uniform, and finer-grained ternary coating. Electrochemical studies resulted in noteworthy decrease in corrosion current density and increase charge transfer resistance for Zn-Co-Mo. The XPS analysis also evidences the presence of stable, molybdenum-enriched passive oxide layers which block chloride ion ingress. The ternary Zn-Co-Mo coating (containing 1.7 wt% Co and 1.0 wt% Mo) shows excellent corrosion resistance in chloride environment by the creation of a dense and stable passive film, as it finds potential application for corrosion protection of car parts in automotive industry.

汽车车身，特别是对含氯环境，如除冰盐，是一个具有挑战性的任务。Zn-Co薄膜是一种很有潜力和前景的涂覆钢板薄膜，但Zn-Co合金中的第三种合金元素（如钼）大大提高了镀层的防腐性能。研究了电沉积Zn-Co二元镀层和Zn-Co- mo三元镀层在低碳钢上的腐蚀行为和表面形貌。涂料由含有磺胺酸（增白剂）和明胶（晶粒细化剂）的酸性氯化物溶液电沉积而成。用ICP-OES和EDS对涂层的化学成分进行了表征。采用动电位极化和电化学阻抗谱（EIS）测试了其在3.5 wt% NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线能谱（EDS）和x射线光电子能谱（XPS）对其表面形貌和化学成分进行了表征。结果表明，1.7 wt%的钴对二元合金的改善最大。钼（~ 1.0 wt%）的加入使三元镀层更光滑、更均匀、晶粒更细。电化学研究结果表明，Zn-Co-Mo的腐蚀电流密度显著降低，电荷转移电阻显著增加。XPS分析也证明了稳定的、富钼的被动氧化层的存在，这阻止了氯离子的进入。三元Zn-Co-Mo涂层（含1.7 wt% Co和1.0 wt% Mo）通过形成致密稳定的钝化膜，在氯化物环境中具有优异的耐腐蚀性，在汽车工业中具有潜在的汽车零部件防腐应用前景。

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