International Journal of Electrochemical Science最新文献

Timely diagnosis of micro short circuit (MSC) faults is crucial for ensuring the safe operation of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems. Existing diagnostic methods face limitations such as high dependency on battery models, difficulty in determining accurate diagnostic thresholds, or low computational efficiency. This work presents a model-free approach for the detection and quantitative assessment of MSCs in lithium-ion battery packs, with incremental capacity (IC) and unsupervised clustering. First, the IC is extracted from charging voltage data to effectively characterize MSC faults in lithium-ion batteries. Next, principal component analysis is used to map the high-dimensional feature space onto a two-dimensional plane to facilitate fault detection and result visualization. Then, an unsupervised clustering algorithm is employed for anomaly detection to identify MSC cells within the battery pack. For the detected MSC cells, a method based on the maximum charging voltage difference between adjacent cycles is designed to estimate the MSC resistance, quantitatively assessing the severity and evolution stage of the MSC. Experimental results show that the accuracy of MSC detection is 99.17 % and the minimum relative error of short-circuit resistance estimation is 1.20 %, which demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

Organic–inorganic composites of (E)-3,5-di(9 H-carbazol-9-yl)-N-(4-(diphenylamino)benzylidene)aniline/dopamine-modified WO₃ (P(TPACz)/WO₃-PDA) were prepared by electrochemical polymerisation. The as-prepared P(TPACz)/WO₃-PDA composites showed good electrochromic and electrochemical performance. The prominent electrochemical performance of P(TPACz)/WO₃-PDA represents a high areal capacitance (32.15 mF cm⁻² at 0.1 mA cm⁻²) and wide range of potential windows (-2.0−1.6 V). Additionally, symmetric supercapacitor devices based on P(TPACz)/WO₃-PDA composite films were successfully constructed, which exhibited a high specific capacitance (13.88 mF cm⁻² at 0.02 mA cm⁻²) and an energy density of 7.71 × 10⁻³ mWh cm⁻² in n-doped station. The remarkable electrochromic and electrochemical performances are due to the synergy between the organic polymer and WO₃-PDA. A complete large-area composite film structure with high conductivity promises fast electronic transport. This study provides a method for preparing multifunctional composite electrode materials, offering technical support for intelligent displays and energy storage technologies.

Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng root extract (EASRE) was prepared using a reflux extraction method with 40 % ethanol (C₂H₅OH) as the extractant solvent. The corrosion inhibitory impact of EASRE on cold rolled steel (CRS) in 0.10 M sulfamic acid (NH₂SO₃H) solution was explored through gravimetric tests, potentiodynamic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Metallographic microscopy (MM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were employed to examine the micrographs of CRS specimens. The adsorbed chemical substances on the inhibited CRS surface were examined via X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). And the main chemical constituents of EASRE were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The results of the study showed that EASRE at a concentration of 500 mg L⁻¹ in 0.10 M NH₂SO₃H at 30 °C for 12 h had a significant inhibitory effect on CRS, with a maximum inhibitory efficiency of 89.7 %. At all set temperatures, the adsorption of EASRE onto CRS surface adheres to Langmuir isotherm. EASRE functions as a mixed-type inhibitor through a “geometric covering effect”. EIS show that the addition of EASRE significantly improves the charge transfer resistance at the steel/sulfamic acid interface, and the charge transfer resistance increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. XPS analysis confirm the presence of a “protective film” generated by EASRE on the CRS surface, and it consists of O-H, N-H, C-O, C-H, CC, CN, CO. Microscopic graphs of MM, SEM, AFM and CLSM reveal that EASRE efficiently alleviates the corrosion on the CRS surface. The HPLC-MS suggest that the main components of EASRE are flavonoids and phenylpropanoid compounds.

A novel electrochemical sensor modified by aspartic acid polymer and carbonized-ZIF-67 was prepared for arbutin detection. ZIF-67 was synthesized and carbonized, and then used as the substrate supporting of electrochemical sensor. Carbonized-ZIF-67 had a large specific surface and good electrical conductivity, which provided large electroactive area and promoted the electron transfer at the sensing interface. Aspartic acid polymer was prepared by cyclic voltammetry. Aspartic acid polymer could effectively absorb arbutin, resulting in the preconcentration of arbutin on sensor surface. Benefiting from the synergistic effect between carbonized-ZIF-67 and aspartic acid polymer, the prepared electrochemical sensor exhibited sensitive electrochemical response for arbutin. Under the optimum conditions, the electrochemical sensor achieved a wide linear range in the range from 5 to 110 μmol/L and a low detection limit of 0.41 μmol/L for arbutin. In practical application, the electrochemical sensor was employed to detect arbutin in green tea and whitening cream samples, exhibiting satisfactory recovery rates. With the outstanding features of easy operation, rapid response and high sensitivity, the prepared electrochemical sensor provided a convenient and effective tool for arbutin detection.

Although aluminum is an extremely versatile material and can be manufactured and used for a wide range of industrial purposes, it has a limited resistance to corrosion. Hence, the efficacy of two linear biopolymers, keratan (Ker) and chitosan (Chi), was explored, for the first time, as ecologically safe metallic corrosion inhibitors (CIs) for Al in 1.0 M NaCl solution at different temperatures. For performing this study, several experimental and theoretical methods were applied. By combining these methods, it was confirmed that the investigated biopolymers were set to be effective inhibitors for Al corrosion in 1.0 M NaCl solution. Using a 500 mg/L dose of CIs, inhibition efficiencies (% IEs) of 92.7 % and 86.4 % were achieved for Ker and Chi, respectively, indicating their strong adsorption on the metal surface. Thermodynamic and kinetic investigations signified that the adsorption was founed to be physical and obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetics and mechanism of Al corrosion as well as its inhibition by the tested biopolymers were inspected. The results demonstrated that these biopolymers behaved as mixed-type and interface-type inhibitors. To investigate the inhibition mechanism, theoretical quantum chemical methods were also applied. The experimental investigations were validated by theoretical computations.

In this research work, a novel electrochemical sensor-based Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene @ glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the detection of paracetamol was prepared by simple ultrasonic method by combining Ti₃C₂ MXene and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. The Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene nanomaterial was characterized by the means of different techniques: X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization results revealed the homogenous distribution of the prepared cubic Fe₃O₄ NPs within the prepared two-dimensional layered Ti₃C₂ MXene. The Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene @ GCE was used for the sensitive determination of the well-known analgesic drug paracetamol by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The prepared Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene @ GCE was characterized electrochemically, and the results showed that Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene @ GCE is a potential working electrode for the sensitive detection of paracetamol with very low detection limit (0.63 nM), within a linear dynamic range of 0.0–110.0 µM, high reproducibility and repeatability; with a very low relative standard deviation (SD%) for 7 days measurement (3.07–3.42 %), accuracy with a SD% of 0.89, high precision of 99.48 % in distilled water and 98.51 % in sea water. The proposed electroanalytical method was applied for the detection and quantification of paracetamol in real water samples, as well as different analgesic medical formulations, and the results showed outstanding accuracy and precision indicating the suitability of the Fe₃O₄/Ti₃C₂ MXene @ GCE electrode for the sensitive, accurate determination of paracetamol in diferrent matrices.

Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) technology emerges as a promising method for hydrogen production. In this study, a 3D geometric and mathematical model for a planar cathode-supported SOEC is established. The developed model is validated in agreement with the experimental data obtained at same conditions. Three different channel types (square, trapezoidal, and rectangular) are simulated and compared in terms of cell overall performance and various transport phenomena occurred inside the SOEC. Local distribution of gas concentrations of reactants and products, temperature, current density, and thermal stress under different channel types are predicted and presented. The findings reveal that the fuel utilization efficiency of the rectangular channel is approximately 6.77 % and 22.68 % higher than that of the square and trapezoidal channels, respectively. The maximum temperature value of the counter-flow arrangement in the rectangular channel is around 20 K lower than that of the co-flow arrangement. When the cathode inlet volume flow rate is around 10 sccm, the fuel utilization efficiency of the electrolysis cell reaches its maximum, with a value 60 % higher than that at a cathode inlet volume flow rate of 50 sccm. However, the thermal stress distribution uniformity of the rectangular channel is not as good as that of the square and trapezoidal channels, and the trapezoidal channel exhibits the most uniform stress distribution at the electrolyte among the three-channel types.

As science and technology grow at a rapid pace and human civilization progresses, portable microelectronic gadgets are becoming more and more commonplace. The energy sources of these devices have become a popular research. The most common and most available form of energy in the environment is mechanical energy derived from vibrations. The available energy density for random vibrations with frequencies ranging from hundreds of hertz to kHz is a few hundred microwatts to milliwatts per cubic centimeter. Therefore, how to capture this energy for battery charging, power supply for electronic devices, and remote/wireless sensing has become an important and novel research direction. Using nanoscale mechanical energy harvesting to power small circuits and create self-powered electronic devices has enormous potential, of which piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) are widely studied. Piezoelectric nanogenerators, which use nanometer-scale piezoelectric materials to transforming arbitrary mechanical energy into electrical energy, are a rapidly emerging product category. They can produce sustained electrical energy and are more environmentally benign than chemical batteries. The concept and evolution of piezoelectric materials are first presented in this paper. Next, the structure and operation of a piezoelectric nanogenerator are explained. Lastly, the development trend of converting mechanical energy produced by drum vibration into electrical energy is combined.

The efficacy of two compounds, namely 12-(4-chlorophenyl)-3,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,12-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5] imidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-1(2H)-one (Q-Cl) and 3,3-dimethyl-12-phenyl-3,4,5,12-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-b]quinazolin-1(2H)-one (Q-H), in inhibiting corrosion on mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid was evaluated. Surface analytical techniques and electrochemical procedures were employed for examination. The results demonstrated that both Q-Cl and Q-H significantly inhibit corrosion. Specifically, Q-Cl achieved an inhibition efficiency of 85.2 % at a concentration of 10⁻³ M, while Q-H exhibited a higher inhibition efficiency of 91.5 %. Electrochemical investigations suggested that both Q-Cl and Q-H acted as inhibitors of mixed-type corrosion. These chemicals efficiently prevented metal corrosion through adsorption, conforming to Langmuir's adsorption isotherm model. The adsorption mechanism of corrosion inhibition was further supported by surface investigations and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) and other computational approaches were employed to study the anti-corrosion mechanism of Q-Cl and Q-H. These simulations yielded theoretical results that aligned with the preceding experimental findings.

To mitigate greenhouse effects, carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO₂RR) has been used as an efficient means of carbon reduction. In CO₂ electrolyzer, CO₂ deficiency can happen and degrade the reaction efficiency. Herein, an efficient and long-lived formic acid three-cell electrolyzer is used to study the effect of CO₂ deficiency, by operating the electrolyzer from full CO₂ supply to CO₂ deficiency. In addition, the effects of various CO₂ fluxes and concentrations on the electrolyzer current, acid concentration and lifetime are investigated. This study quantitatively reveals the impact of CO₂ deficiency on current density, product selectivity, and electrolyzer lifetime. The findings indicate that current density decreases by 12.74 %, while CO₂ conversion efficiency drops by 92.5 %, demonstrating a significant reduction in the reactivity of CO₂ conversion to formate ions. Conversely, the hydrogen evolution reaction is enhanced. Prolonged CO₂ deficiency (below 13 ml/min) can also lead to catalyst degradation, including separation and dissolution within the cathode catalyst layer, ultimately diminishing overall performance. Compared with the CO₂ flux, the CO₂ concentration exerts a more pronounced influence. To ensure the electrolysis efficiency, the carbon dioxide concentration should not be less than 80 %.