Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231603.6930
Chengqi Liu, Haijian Ye, Shuhan Lu, Zhan Tang, Zhao Bai, Lei Diao, Longhe Wang, Lin Li
The accurate identification of various postures in the daily life of piglets that are directly reflected by their skeleton morphology is necessary to study the behavioral characteristics of pigs. Accordingly, this study proposed a novel approach for the skeleton extraction and pose estimation of piglets. First, an improved Zhang-Suen (ZS) thinning algorithm based on morphology was used to establish the chain code mechanism of the burr and the redundant information deletion templates to achieve a single-pixel width extraction of pig skeletons. Then, body nodes were extracted on the basis of the improved DeepLabCut (DLC) algorithm, and a part affinity field (PAF) was added to realize the connection of body nodes, and consequently, construct a database of pig behavior and postures. Finally, a support vector machine was used for pose matching to recognize the main behavior of piglets. In this study, 14 000 images of piglets with different types of behavior were used in posture recognition experiments. Results showed that the improved algorithm based on ZS-DLC-PAF achieved the best thinning rate compared with those of distance transformation, medial axis transformation, morphology refinement, and the traditional ZS algorithm. The node tracking accuracy reached 85.08%, and the pressure test could accurately detect up to 35 nodes of 5 pigs. The average accuracy of posture matching was 89.60%. This study not only realized the single-pixel extraction of piglets’ skeletons but also the connection among the different behavior body nodes of individual sows and multiple piglets. Furthermore, this study established a database of pig posture behavior, which provides a reference for studying animal behavior identification and classification and anomaly detection. Keywords: piglets, skeleton extraction, pose estimation, Zhang-Suen, DeepLabCut, Part affinity field DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231603.6930 Citation: Liu C Q, Ye H J, Lu S H, Tang Z, Bai Z, Diao L, et al. Skeleton extraction and pose estimation of piglets using ZS-DLC-PAF. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(3): 180–193.
{"title":"Skeleton extraction and pose estimation of piglets using ZS-DLC-PAF","authors":"Chengqi Liu, Haijian Ye, Shuhan Lu, Zhan Tang, Zhao Bai, Lei Diao, Longhe Wang, Lin Li","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231603.6930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231603.6930","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate identification of various postures in the daily life of piglets that are directly reflected by their skeleton morphology is necessary to study the behavioral characteristics of pigs. Accordingly, this study proposed a novel approach for the skeleton extraction and pose estimation of piglets. First, an improved Zhang-Suen (ZS) thinning algorithm based on morphology was used to establish the chain code mechanism of the burr and the redundant information deletion templates to achieve a single-pixel width extraction of pig skeletons. Then, body nodes were extracted on the basis of the improved DeepLabCut (DLC) algorithm, and a part affinity field (PAF) was added to realize the connection of body nodes, and consequently, construct a database of pig behavior and postures. Finally, a support vector machine was used for pose matching to recognize the main behavior of piglets. In this study, 14 000 images of piglets with different types of behavior were used in posture recognition experiments. Results showed that the improved algorithm based on ZS-DLC-PAF achieved the best thinning rate compared with those of distance transformation, medial axis transformation, morphology refinement, and the traditional ZS algorithm. The node tracking accuracy reached 85.08%, and the pressure test could accurately detect up to 35 nodes of 5 pigs. The average accuracy of posture matching was 89.60%. This study not only realized the single-pixel extraction of piglets’ skeletons but also the connection among the different behavior body nodes of individual sows and multiple piglets. Furthermore, this study established a database of pig posture behavior, which provides a reference for studying animal behavior identification and classification and anomaly detection. Keywords: piglets, skeleton extraction, pose estimation, Zhang-Suen, DeepLabCut, Part affinity field DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231603.6930 Citation: Liu C Q, Ye H J, Lu S H, Tang Z, Bai Z, Diao L, et al. Skeleton extraction and pose estimation of piglets using ZS-DLC-PAF. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(3): 180–193.","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135357309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficient and effective application of fertilizers to crops is a major challenge. Conventionally, constant rate or equal dose of fertilizer is applied to each plant. Constant rate fertilizer application across entire field can result in over or under incorporation of nutrients. Fertilizer application is influenced by soil parameters as well as geographical variation in the field. The nutrient management depends on selection of nutrient, application rate and placement of nutrient at the optimal distance from the crop and soil depth. Variable rate technology (VRT) is an input application technology that allows for the application of inputs at a certain rate, time, and place based on soil properties and spatial variation in the field or plants. There are two approaches for implementing VRT, one is sensor based and another is map based. The sensor based approach; with suitable sensors, measures the soil and crop characteristics on-the-go calculating the amount of nutrients required per unit area/plant and micro controlling unit which uses suitable algorithms for controlling the flow of fertilizer with required amount of nutrient. In map based approach; Grid sampling and soil analysis are used to create a prescription map. According to the soil and crop conditions, the microcontroller regulates the desired application rate. The sensor-based VRT system includes a fertilizer tank, sensors, GPS, microcontroller, actuators, and other components, whereas the map-based system does not require an on-the-go sensor. Both approaches of VRT for fertilizer application in orchards and field crops are reviewed in this paper. The use of this advance technology surely increases the fertilizer use efficiency; improve crop yield and profitability with reduced environment impacts. Keywords: nutrient sensor, prescription map, spatial variation, VRT Citation: Pawase P P, Nalawade S M, Bhanage G B, Walunj A A, Kadam P B, Durgude A G, Patil M R. Variable rate fertilizer application technology for nutrient management: A review. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 11-19.
对作物进行高效和有效的施肥是一项重大挑战。按惯例，每株植物施用等量或等量肥料。在整个田地中等量施肥会导致养分吸收过多或不足。施肥受土壤参数和田间地理变化的影响。养分管理取决于养分的选择、施肥量以及与作物的最佳距离和土壤深度。可变速率技术(VRT)是一种输入应用技术，它允许根据田地或植物的土壤性质和空间变化，以一定的速率、时间和地点施用输入。VRT的实现有两种方法，一种是基于传感器的，另一种是基于地图的。基于传感器的方法;通过合适的传感器，测量土壤和作物特性，计算每单位面积/植物所需的养分量，微控制单元使用合适的算法来控制所需养分量的肥料流动。在基于地图的方法;网格采样和土壤分析用于创建处方图。根据土壤和作物条件，单片机调节所需的施用量。基于传感器的VRT系统包括肥料罐、传感器、GPS、微控制器、执行器和其他组件，而基于地图的系统不需要移动传感器。本文综述了VRT在果园和大田作物施肥中的两种方法。这一先进技术的应用无疑提高了肥料的利用效率;在减少环境影响的同时提高作物产量和盈利能力。引用本文:Pawase P P, Nalawade S M, Bhanage G B, Walunj A A, Kadam P B, dulude A G, Patil M r。农业与生物工程学报，2023;16(4): 11-19。
{"title":"Variable rate fertilizer application technology for nutrient management: A review","authors":"Pranav Pramod Pawase, Sachin Madhukar Nalawade, Girishkumar Balasaheb Bhanage, Avdhoot Ashok Walunj, Pravin Bhaskar Kadam, Anil G Durgude, Mahesh R Patil","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7671","url":null,"abstract":"The efficient and effective application of fertilizers to crops is a major challenge. Conventionally, constant rate or equal dose of fertilizer is applied to each plant. Constant rate fertilizer application across entire field can result in over or under incorporation of nutrients. Fertilizer application is influenced by soil parameters as well as geographical variation in the field. The nutrient management depends on selection of nutrient, application rate and placement of nutrient at the optimal distance from the crop and soil depth. Variable rate technology (VRT) is an input application technology that allows for the application of inputs at a certain rate, time, and place based on soil properties and spatial variation in the field or plants. There are two approaches for implementing VRT, one is sensor based and another is map based. The sensor based approach; with suitable sensors, measures the soil and crop characteristics on-the-go calculating the amount of nutrients required per unit area/plant and micro controlling unit which uses suitable algorithms for controlling the flow of fertilizer with required amount of nutrient. In map based approach; Grid sampling and soil analysis are used to create a prescription map. According to the soil and crop conditions, the microcontroller regulates the desired application rate. The sensor-based VRT system includes a fertilizer tank, sensors, GPS, microcontroller, actuators, and other components, whereas the map-based system does not require an on-the-go sensor. Both approaches of VRT for fertilizer application in orchards and field crops are reviewed in this paper. The use of this advance technology surely increases the fertilizer use efficiency; improve crop yield and profitability with reduced environment impacts. Keywords: nutrient sensor, prescription map, spatial variation, VRT Citation: Pawase P P, Nalawade S M, Bhanage G B, Walunj A A, Kadam P B, Durgude A G, Patil M R. Variable rate fertilizer application technology for nutrient management: A review. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 11-19.","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135659253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the problem that when wheat is sucked up by the air suction method, the seeds are gathered in a small area, making it difficult for the contact seed cleaning mechanism to clean the seeds. The mechanism of seed cleaning airflow on wheat seed was studied, the flow velocity distribution relationship of the jet section was defined, the mathematical model of the jet velocity of circular and plane sections was established, and the key factors that could have a significant influence on seed cleaning effect were explored. A non-contact positive pressure air flow seed cleaning method was proposed. After theoretical calculations, it is concluded that the core section lengths of the circular section jet and the inline jet are 24.8 mm and 28.8 mm, respectively. The clearing distance is set to 20 mm. Through the single-factor test, the best air tube nozzle shape was clarified as a vertical inline nozzle. The angle of seed cleaning, the air velocity of seed cleaning, and the negative supply pressure were selected as influencing factors, and the seed leakage index, seed reabsorption index, and seed qualification index as the evaluation indicators to conduct a 3-factor 5-horizontal rotation test. A mathematical regression model of influencing factors and evaluation indexes was established to analyze the influence of these factors and indexes. The optimal operation parameters were obtained as the seed cleaning Angle of 19°, the seed cleaning air velocity of 58 m/s, and the negative pressure of 8.5 kPa. Under the optimal parameters, the seed leakage suction index is 8.23%, the seed reabsorption index is 0.33%, and the seed qualification index is 91.44%, which meets the design requirements. Keywords: wheat, precision seed-metering device, clearing, seed, positive pressure airflow, jet flow field DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.8006 Citation: Zhang X R, Yang Y M, Wang Q J, Li H W, Zhang Z F, Liu J X. Design and experiment of pneumatic seed clearing mechanism for pin-hole tube wheat plot precision sowing device. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 85-95
{"title":"Design and experiment of pneumatic seed clearing mechanism for pin-hole tube wheat plot precision sowing device","authors":"Xirui Zhang, Youming Yang, Qingjie Wang, Hongwen Li, Zhifu Zhang, Junxiao Liu","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.8006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.8006","url":null,"abstract":"For the problem that when wheat is sucked up by the air suction method, the seeds are gathered in a small area, making it difficult for the contact seed cleaning mechanism to clean the seeds. The mechanism of seed cleaning airflow on wheat seed was studied, the flow velocity distribution relationship of the jet section was defined, the mathematical model of the jet velocity of circular and plane sections was established, and the key factors that could have a significant influence on seed cleaning effect were explored. A non-contact positive pressure air flow seed cleaning method was proposed. After theoretical calculations, it is concluded that the core section lengths of the circular section jet and the inline jet are 24.8 mm and 28.8 mm, respectively. The clearing distance is set to 20 mm. Through the single-factor test, the best air tube nozzle shape was clarified as a vertical inline nozzle. The angle of seed cleaning, the air velocity of seed cleaning, and the negative supply pressure were selected as influencing factors, and the seed leakage index, seed reabsorption index, and seed qualification index as the evaluation indicators to conduct a 3-factor 5-horizontal rotation test. A mathematical regression model of influencing factors and evaluation indexes was established to analyze the influence of these factors and indexes. The optimal operation parameters were obtained as the seed cleaning Angle of 19°, the seed cleaning air velocity of 58 m/s, and the negative pressure of 8.5 kPa. Under the optimal parameters, the seed leakage suction index is 8.23%, the seed reabsorption index is 0.33%, and the seed qualification index is 91.44%, which meets the design requirements. Keywords: wheat, precision seed-metering device, clearing, seed, positive pressure airflow, jet flow field DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.8006 Citation: Zhang X R, Yang Y M, Wang Q J, Li H W, Zhang Z F, Liu J X. Design and experiment of pneumatic seed clearing mechanism for pin-hole tube wheat plot precision sowing device. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 85-95","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135659794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.6992
Zhe Xin, Qiubo Jiang, Zhongxiang Zhu, Mingxi Shao
In view of the problems of poor working quality and low efficiency caused by traditional hitch mechanisms, which cannot make farm implements adapt to hillside fields for terrain-adaptive working after leveling the body of hilly tractors, a new type of terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism was designed which can adjust the transverse posture of farm implements to meet the ploughing requirements of complicated terrain in hilly and mountainous areas. The mechanism was mainly composed of the original hitch device and the newly added rotating device. The kinematic model of each sub-mechanism was established, as well as the mathematical relation of significant performance indexes of the whole mechanism, such as lifting capacity, transverse inclination angle and tillage depth. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize the lifting performance of this hitch mechanism in Matlab, so that the minimum vertical lifting force at the center of gravity of farm implements increased by 14.1%, which met the requirements of national standards. Through ADAMS simulation calculation, it was found that different working slopes had a certain influence on the external load of each component, and terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism had little effect on the vibration characteristics of hilly tractors. The fatigue analysis and optimization design of the key component, rotating shaft, were carried out in ANSYS Workbench, and the mass of this part reduced by 64%. A real vehicle test platform was set up to test and verify the power lifting range and working slope range of terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism. The test results showed that the actual power lifting ranged in 185-857 mm, and the maximum error from the theoretical range was only 3.1%, while the actual working slope range was from –25.9° to +23.2°, and the maximum error from the theoretical range was only 4.5%. Therefore, the terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism can meet the requirements of power lifting performance, and simultaneously can adjust the transverse posture of farm implements for adapting to hillside fields of no less than 20°. Keywords: hilly tractors, hitch mechanism, terrain-adaptive working, transverse posture, optimal design DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.6992 Citation: Xin Z, Jiang Q B, Zhu Z X, Shao M X. Design and optimization of a new terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism for hilly tractors. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 134–144.
{"title":"Design and optimization of a new terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism for hilly tractors","authors":"Zhe Xin, Qiubo Jiang, Zhongxiang Zhu, Mingxi Shao","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.6992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.6992","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the problems of poor working quality and low efficiency caused by traditional hitch mechanisms, which cannot make farm implements adapt to hillside fields for terrain-adaptive working after leveling the body of hilly tractors, a new type of terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism was designed which can adjust the transverse posture of farm implements to meet the ploughing requirements of complicated terrain in hilly and mountainous areas. The mechanism was mainly composed of the original hitch device and the newly added rotating device. The kinematic model of each sub-mechanism was established, as well as the mathematical relation of significant performance indexes of the whole mechanism, such as lifting capacity, transverse inclination angle and tillage depth. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize the lifting performance of this hitch mechanism in Matlab, so that the minimum vertical lifting force at the center of gravity of farm implements increased by 14.1%, which met the requirements of national standards. Through ADAMS simulation calculation, it was found that different working slopes had a certain influence on the external load of each component, and terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism had little effect on the vibration characteristics of hilly tractors. The fatigue analysis and optimization design of the key component, rotating shaft, were carried out in ANSYS Workbench, and the mass of this part reduced by 64%. A real vehicle test platform was set up to test and verify the power lifting range and working slope range of terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism. The test results showed that the actual power lifting ranged in 185-857 mm, and the maximum error from the theoretical range was only 3.1%, while the actual working slope range was from –25.9° to +23.2°, and the maximum error from the theoretical range was only 4.5%. Therefore, the terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism can meet the requirements of power lifting performance, and simultaneously can adjust the transverse posture of farm implements for adapting to hillside fields of no less than 20°. Keywords: hilly tractors, hitch mechanism, terrain-adaptive working, transverse posture, optimal design DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.6992 Citation: Xin Z, Jiang Q B, Zhu Z X, Shao M X. Design and optimization of a new terrain-adaptive hitch mechanism for hilly tractors. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 134–144.","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135659796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7828
Fangyan Wang, Zhuchuan Qiu, Yongfei Pan, Guangquan Sun
In view of the problems of easy damage and high digging resistance in the process of green onion harvesting, a mechanical model of digging green onions was established by taking the moment of digging and drawing green onions as the research object, and the main factors affecting the digging and harvesting effect were determined as the angle of digging, the dip angle of clamping carrier and the length of shovel. Thus, a complex simulation model of soil-green onion-digging mechanism system reflecting the state of harvesting was established, and the model was verified by testing soil compactness. The simulation tests were carried out by means of the complex simulation model of soil-green onion-digging mechanism system, making it clear that digging angle and the length of shovel have a extremely significant impact on the digging resistance, and the dip angle of the clamping carrier had a significant impact on the digging resistance. Through target optimization, the optimal combination of digging parameters was obtained, namely, the digging angle of 20°, the dip angle of clamping carrier of 25° and the shovel length of 70 mm, with the digging resistance of 1394 N at this moment. The field digging resistance test has showed that the average digging resistance is 1543 N with the average clamping damage rate of 1.27% and the average clamping loss rate of 0.44%, which can meet the requirements of green onion harvesting. Keywords: harvesting, clamping force, digging resistance, discrete element method (DEM), simulation model, green onions DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7828 Citation: Wang F Y, Qiu Z C, Pan Y F, Sun G Q. DEM-based parameter optimization and tests of digging green onions. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 126–133 .
{"title":"DEM-based parameter optimization and tests of digging green onions","authors":"Fangyan Wang, Zhuchuan Qiu, Yongfei Pan, Guangquan Sun","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7828","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the problems of easy damage and high digging resistance in the process of green onion harvesting, a mechanical model of digging green onions was established by taking the moment of digging and drawing green onions as the research object, and the main factors affecting the digging and harvesting effect were determined as the angle of digging, the dip angle of clamping carrier and the length of shovel. Thus, a complex simulation model of soil-green onion-digging mechanism system reflecting the state of harvesting was established, and the model was verified by testing soil compactness. The simulation tests were carried out by means of the complex simulation model of soil-green onion-digging mechanism system, making it clear that digging angle and the length of shovel have a extremely significant impact on the digging resistance, and the dip angle of the clamping carrier had a significant impact on the digging resistance. Through target optimization, the optimal combination of digging parameters was obtained, namely, the digging angle of 20°, the dip angle of clamping carrier of 25° and the shovel length of 70 mm, with the digging resistance of 1394 N at this moment. The field digging resistance test has showed that the average digging resistance is 1543 N with the average clamping damage rate of 1.27% and the average clamping loss rate of 0.44%, which can meet the requirements of green onion harvesting. Keywords: harvesting, clamping force, digging resistance, discrete element method (DEM), simulation model, green onions DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7828 Citation: Wang F Y, Qiu Z C, Pan Y F, Sun G Q. DEM-based parameter optimization and tests of digging green onions. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 126–133 .","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135660070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The material feeding changing of combine harvester is easy to cause accumulation and blockage of the vibrating screen, which seriously affects the harvest operation. In order to alleviate such accumulation and blockages on the vibrating screen surface, the guide chute rotation angle of the improved variable amplitude screening mechanism was selected as the target variable, and EDEM-RecurDyn was employed to simulate the anti-blocking process of the variable amplitude under a changing feeding quantity (0.5 kg/s abnormal, 0.2 kg/s normal) of materials (rice grain and stem mixture). A BP (an error back propagation algorithm) neural network was designed and the prediction model of the material distribution was subsequently constructed on the variable screening surface under different chute angles during abnormal feeding. The results revealed a continuous decrease in the quality and time of the material blockage at the front end of the screen surface with the increasing guide chute angle. At the guide chute angle of 20°-45° and adjustment time of 3-6 s, the blocked and accumulated materials at the front-end screen surface was be moved back to Grid 6 for screening. However, overtime, the screen surface materials continued to move back under the chute angle of 40°-45°, which had a great impact on the screening performance. At the guide chute angle of 30°-35° and adjustment time of 4 s, the materials on the screen surface were evenly distributed in Grid 1-6. This was able to alleviate the accumulation and blockage of the screen surface materials. The R of the material distribution prediction model (BP neural network) on the screen surface was determined as 0.97, indicating the high reliability and accuracy of the material distribution model on the screen surface based on the BP neural network. This work provides an important reference for the variable amplitude intelligent control of screen surface material anti-blocking. Keywords: variable amplitude, material distribution, EDEM-RecurDyn, BP neural network DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7178 Citation: Ma Z, Zhu Y L, Wu Z P, Traore S N, Chen D, Xing L C. BP neural network model for material distribution prediction based on variable amplitude anti-blocking screening DEM simulations. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 191－200
{"title":"BP neural network model for material distribution prediction based on variable amplitude anti-blocking screening DEM simulations","authors":"Zheng Ma, Yongle Zhu, Zhiping Wu, Souleymane Nfamoussa Traore, Du Chen, Licheng Xing","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7178","url":null,"abstract":"The material feeding changing of combine harvester is easy to cause accumulation and blockage of the vibrating screen, which seriously affects the harvest operation. In order to alleviate such accumulation and blockages on the vibrating screen surface, the guide chute rotation angle of the improved variable amplitude screening mechanism was selected as the target variable, and EDEM-RecurDyn was employed to simulate the anti-blocking process of the variable amplitude under a changing feeding quantity (0.5 kg/s abnormal, 0.2 kg/s normal) of materials (rice grain and stem mixture). A BP (an error back propagation algorithm) neural network was designed and the prediction model of the material distribution was subsequently constructed on the variable screening surface under different chute angles during abnormal feeding. The results revealed a continuous decrease in the quality and time of the material blockage at the front end of the screen surface with the increasing guide chute angle. At the guide chute angle of 20°-45° and adjustment time of 3-6 s, the blocked and accumulated materials at the front-end screen surface was be moved back to Grid 6 for screening. However, overtime, the screen surface materials continued to move back under the chute angle of 40°-45°, which had a great impact on the screening performance. At the guide chute angle of 30°-35° and adjustment time of 4 s, the materials on the screen surface were evenly distributed in Grid 1-6. This was able to alleviate the accumulation and blockage of the screen surface materials. The R of the material distribution prediction model (BP neural network) on the screen surface was determined as 0.97, indicating the high reliability and accuracy of the material distribution model on the screen surface based on the BP neural network. This work provides an important reference for the variable amplitude intelligent control of screen surface material anti-blocking. Keywords: variable amplitude, material distribution, EDEM-RecurDyn, BP neural network DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7178 Citation: Ma Z, Zhu Y L, Wu Z P, Traore S N, Chen D, Xing L C. BP neural network model for material distribution prediction based on variable amplitude anti-blocking screening DEM simulations. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 191－200","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135660293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.8584
Samuel Ariyo Okaiyeto, Jun Wang, Hongwei Xiao
The world is suffering more and more serious climate change events this summer: temperature records broken constantly, ocean waters as warm as hot tubs, floods are raging around the world. It has been confirmed that the July 2023 was the hottest month in recorded history and the average global temperature was 1.54ºC above the preindustrial average for July. The world seems to be entering the tipping points of climate change beyond which climate change will occur more dramatic and quickly, become self-perpetuating and difficult or impossible to undo. Keywords: flood disasters, management, sustainable strategies, resilient cities, global climate change, Zhuozhou city DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.8584 Citation: Okaiyeto S A, Wang J, Xiao H W. Sustainable flood management strategies for resilient cities. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 269-270.
今年夏天，世界正遭受越来越多严重的气候变化事件:温度记录不断被打破，海水像热水浴缸一样温暖，洪水在世界各地肆虐。据证实，2023年7月是有记录以来最热的一个月，全球平均气温比工业化前7月的平均气温高出1.54摄氏度。世界似乎正在进入气候变化的临界点，超过这个临界点，气候变化将发生得更加剧烈和迅速，变得自我延续，难以或不可能逆转。关键词:洪涝灾害，管理，可持续战略，韧性城市，全球气候变化，涿州市DOI: 10.25165/ j.j ijabe.20231604.8584引用本文:Okaiyeto S A，王杰，肖海文。韧性城市可持续洪水管理策略农业与生物工程学报，2023;16(4): 269 - 270。
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Nitrogen fertilizer application is an important means to promote cotton production in saline-alkali land. A meta-analysis and regression analysis of 49 peer-reviewed studies were conducted using yield data (373 data points), dry matter accumulation (114 data points), and water use efficiency (157 data points) to quantify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield, dry matter accumulation, and water use efficiency of cotton in saline-alkali land in China for different planting management practices and different growing environments. The results showed that the nitrogen application significantly improved the yield, dry matter accumulation, and water use efficiency by 34.11%, 36.27%, and 33.87%, respectively, compared with no nitrogen application. The largest improvements in the yield, dry matter accumulation, and water use efficiency occurred in areas where saline-alkali land had been improved for many years, in Eastern China, South Central China, and Northwest China (areas with annual average precipitation ≤200 mm or >800 mm, and annual average evaporation ≤800 mm or >2400 mm), in areas with trickle irrigation, and fields with a planting density of 100 000 to 250 000 plants/hm2. Cotton exhibited the optimal response to nitrogen application at a rate of 300-375 kg/hm2, a basal application ratio of 20%-40%, and top-dressing in the cotton bud, flowering boll, and full boll stages. The effect of nitrogen application increased as the salinity increased. A suitable nitrogen application rate, top-dressing ratio, and top-dressing period are crucial for increasing cotton production in saline-alkali land, although environmental differences and planting measures have to be considered. This study provided information on the correct application of nitrogen fertilizer to maximize its benefits and suggests controlling nitrogen fertilizer inputs in agriculture to protect the soil environment and ensure sustainable agricultural development. Keywords: meta-analysis, regression analysis, nitrogen fertilizer application, saline-alkali land, cotton DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7802 Citation: Yang C K, Liu H G, Gong P, Li P F, Qiao X, Li Z J, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on saline-alkali land cotton in China quantified using meta-analysis and regression analysis. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 145-158.
{"title":"Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on saline-alkali land cotton in China quantified using meta-analysis and regression analysis","authors":"Changkun Yang, Hongguang Liu, Ping Gong, Pengfei Li, Xiang Qiao, Zhijie Li, Hua Jin, Qian Zhang, Hanji Xia","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7802","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen fertilizer application is an important means to promote cotton production in saline-alkali land. A meta-analysis and regression analysis of 49 peer-reviewed studies were conducted using yield data (373 data points), dry matter accumulation (114 data points), and water use efficiency (157 data points) to quantify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield, dry matter accumulation, and water use efficiency of cotton in saline-alkali land in China for different planting management practices and different growing environments. The results showed that the nitrogen application significantly improved the yield, dry matter accumulation, and water use efficiency by 34.11%, 36.27%, and 33.87%, respectively, compared with no nitrogen application. The largest improvements in the yield, dry matter accumulation, and water use efficiency occurred in areas where saline-alkali land had been improved for many years, in Eastern China, South Central China, and Northwest China (areas with annual average precipitation ≤200 mm or >800 mm, and annual average evaporation ≤800 mm or >2400 mm), in areas with trickle irrigation, and fields with a planting density of 100 000 to 250 000 plants/hm2. Cotton exhibited the optimal response to nitrogen application at a rate of 300-375 kg/hm2, a basal application ratio of 20%-40%, and top-dressing in the cotton bud, flowering boll, and full boll stages. The effect of nitrogen application increased as the salinity increased. A suitable nitrogen application rate, top-dressing ratio, and top-dressing period are crucial for increasing cotton production in saline-alkali land, although environmental differences and planting measures have to be considered. This study provided information on the correct application of nitrogen fertilizer to maximize its benefits and suggests controlling nitrogen fertilizer inputs in agriculture to protect the soil environment and ensure sustainable agricultural development. Keywords: meta-analysis, regression analysis, nitrogen fertilizer application, saline-alkali land, cotton DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7802 Citation: Yang C K, Liu H G, Gong P, Li P F, Qiao X, Li Z J, et al. Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application on saline-alkali land cotton in China quantified using meta-analysis and regression analysis. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 145-158.","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135660482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Existing development for cyclone separation cleaning components of the rapeseed combine harvester, which employs the suspending airflow to separate the rapeseeds from the materials other than grain (MOG), has the challenge to figure out the optimal working parameters, highlighting a need for exploration of the invisible airflow based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The airflow status was mainly affected by the air velocities of the inlet, and the outlet for the MOG. The single factor and response surface experiments were carried out. It could be found that the inlet and MOG outlet velocities affected the air velocities through the change in the air quantity. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the relationship between the air velocities inside the cyclone and the working parameters was built, and the optimal combination of working parameters was obtained by multi-objective optimization. The inlet and outlet velocities of the optimal combination were 4.25 m/s and 29.87 m/s, respectively. Under this condition, the cleaning ratio and loss ratio of the cleaning device was 94.62% and 5.39%, respectively, as validated by the field experiment. The findings provide references for the improvement of cleaning systems for rapeseed combine harvesters.
{"title":"Effects of working parameters on the performance of cyclone separator for rapeseed combine harvester based on CFD","authors":"Xingyu Wan, Jiacheng Yuan, Jia Yang, Yitao Liao, Qingxi Liao","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231601.7253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231601.7253","url":null,"abstract":": Existing development for cyclone separation cleaning components of the rapeseed combine harvester, which employs the suspending airflow to separate the rapeseeds from the materials other than grain (MOG), has the challenge to figure out the optimal working parameters, highlighting a need for exploration of the invisible airflow based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The airflow status was mainly affected by the air velocities of the inlet, and the outlet for the MOG. The single factor and response surface experiments were carried out. It could be found that the inlet and MOG outlet velocities affected the air velocities through the change in the air quantity. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the relationship between the air velocities inside the cyclone and the working parameters was built, and the optimal combination of working parameters was obtained by multi-objective optimization. The inlet and outlet velocities of the optimal combination were 4.25 m/s and 29.87 m/s, respectively. Under this condition, the cleaning ratio and loss ratio of the cleaning device was 94.62% and 5.39%, respectively, as validated by the field experiment. The findings provide references for the improvement of cleaning systems for rapeseed combine harvesters.","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86430322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231602.7797
Weizhong Yu, Jianfeng Zheng, Yingli Wang, F. Ji, Baoying Zhu
: To optimize the nutrient supply of strawberry, fertilization was reduced as much as possible on the premise of satisfying the elements needed for strawberry growth. This study put forward a modified nutrient solution formula (NM) by adjusting the ratios of N/K, K/Ca, in vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting, and fruit expanding stages based on Yamasaki strawberry nutrient solution formula (NY). Taking the NY as the control group, the NM was verified with elevated-grown ‘Ssanta’ strawberry using three different substrates (Vulcanics-added substrate, Horticultural substrate, Comme rcial substrate) in greenhouse. The results indicated that under the NM treatment, strawberry plants had better photosynthesis in the vegetative growth stage and flowering and fruiting stage, and the first crop yield and total crops yield per plant also increased by 20%. Although the vegetative growth stage was longer, it entered the full fruiting stage earlier so that the maturity stage was advanced one week. Compared to strawberries grown in horticultural substrate irrigated with NY, the fruit yield per plant of ‘Ssanta’ strawberry grown in horticultural substrate irrigated with NM increased by 26%, and the sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C content of primary fruits reached 10.6 and 74.1 mg/100g, improving by 41% and 34% respectively. The NM based on the growth stage can optimize the element needs of strawberry in all growth and development stages and maintain the substrate’s pH stability, improving the yield and quality of ‘Ssanta’ strawberry under substrate cultivation. Therefore, it is recommended to use the horticultural substrate irrigated with the modified nutrient solution for the ‘Ssanta’ strawberries cultivation elevated in greenhouse to improve the economic benefit of strawberry cultivation.
{"title":"Adjusting the nutrient solution formula based on growth stages to promote the yield and quality of strawberry in greenhouse","authors":"Weizhong Yu, Jianfeng Zheng, Yingli Wang, F. Ji, Baoying Zhu","doi":"10.25165/j.ijabe.20231602.7797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25165/j.ijabe.20231602.7797","url":null,"abstract":": To optimize the nutrient supply of strawberry, fertilization was reduced as much as possible on the premise of satisfying the elements needed for strawberry growth. This study put forward a modified nutrient solution formula (NM) by adjusting the ratios of N/K, K/Ca, in vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting, and fruit expanding stages based on Yamasaki strawberry nutrient solution formula (NY). Taking the NY as the control group, the NM was verified with elevated-grown ‘Ssanta’ strawberry using three different substrates (Vulcanics-added substrate, Horticultural substrate, Comme rcial substrate) in greenhouse. The results indicated that under the NM treatment, strawberry plants had better photosynthesis in the vegetative growth stage and flowering and fruiting stage, and the first crop yield and total crops yield per plant also increased by 20%. Although the vegetative growth stage was longer, it entered the full fruiting stage earlier so that the maturity stage was advanced one week. Compared to strawberries grown in horticultural substrate irrigated with NY, the fruit yield per plant of ‘Ssanta’ strawberry grown in horticultural substrate irrigated with NM increased by 26%, and the sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C content of primary fruits reached 10.6 and 74.1 mg/100g, improving by 41% and 34% respectively. The NM based on the growth stage can optimize the element needs of strawberry in all growth and development stages and maintain the substrate’s pH stability, improving the yield and quality of ‘Ssanta’ strawberry under substrate cultivation. Therefore, it is recommended to use the horticultural substrate irrigated with the modified nutrient solution for the ‘Ssanta’ strawberries cultivation elevated in greenhouse to improve the economic benefit of strawberry cultivation.","PeriodicalId":13895,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81322357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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