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Determination of energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions in peach production 桃生产中能源利用效率和温室气体排放的测定
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231602.7917
Cihan Demir, Osman Gökdoğan
: The purpose of this study was to determine the energy use efficiency and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in peach production that took place in Kırklareli province of Turkey during the 2020-2021 production season. This study included calculations of energy input, energy output, energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity, net energy, energy input types, GHG emissions and GHG ratio. Survey, observation and data calculations are related to the 2020-2021 production season. The data obtained from the study were collected from 16 different farms (reachable) through face-to-face surveys with full count method. Energy input and energy output were calculated as 19 570.58 MJ/hm 2 and 19 471.94 MJ/hm 2 , respectively. With regards to production inputs, 55.70% of the energy inputs consisted of chemical fertilizers energy (10 900.03 MJ/hm 2 ), 9.46% consisted of chemicals energy (1852.10 MJ/hm 2 ), 9.32% consisted of human labour energy (1823.13 MJ/hm 2 ), 7.65% consisted of electricity energy (1497.28 MJ/hm 2 ), 6.91% consisted of diesel fuel energy (1351.52 MJ/hm 2 ), 4.73% consisted of irrigation water energy (926.10 MJ/hm 2 ), 3.43% consisted of machinery energy (671.98 MJ/hm 2 ), 1.88% consisted of transportation energy (367.72 MJ/hm 2 ), 0.88% consisted of farmyard manure energy (171.80 MJ/hm 2 ) and 0.05% consisted of lime energy (8.94 MJ/hm 2 ). Energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy were calculated as 0.99, 1.91 MJ/kg, 0.52 kg/MJ and –98.64 MJ/hm 2 , respectively. The consumed total energy input in production was classified as 28.60% direct energy, 71.40% indirect energy, 14.93% renewable energy and 85.07% non-renewable. Total GHG emissions and GHG ratio were calculated as 1683.24 kgCO 2-eq /hm 2 and 0.16 kg CO 2-eq /kg, respectively.
本研究的目的是确定2020-2021年生产季节土耳其Kırklareli省桃子生产的能源利用效率和温室气体(GHG)排放。本研究包括能源投入、能源产出、能源利用效率、比能、能源生产率、净能、能源投入类型、温室气体排放和温室气体比率的计算。调查、观察和数据计算与2020-2021年的生产季节有关。通过面对面调查,采用全计数法,从16个不同的农场(可达)收集数据。能量输入和能量输出分别为19 570.58 MJ/hm 2和19 471.94 MJ/hm 2。在生产投入中,55.70%为化肥能(10 900.03 MJ/hm 2), 9.46%为化学能(1852.10 MJ/hm 2), 9.32%为人力能(1823.13 MJ/hm 2), 7.65%为电能(1497.28 MJ/hm 2), 6.91%为柴油能(1351.52 MJ/hm 2), 4.73%为灌溉水能(926.10 MJ/hm 2), 3.43%为机械能(671.98 MJ/hm 2)。其中运输能(367.72 MJ/hm 2)占1.88%,农家肥能(171.80 MJ/hm 2)占0.88%,石灰能(8.94 MJ/hm 2)占0.05%。能量利用效率、比能、能量生产力和净能分别为0.99、1.91 kg、0.52 kg/MJ和-98.64 MJ/hm 2。生产中消耗的总能源投入中直接能源占28.60%,间接能源占71.40%,可再生能源占14.93%,不可再生能源占85.07%。总温室气体排放量和温室气体比值分别为1683.24 kgCO 2-eq /hm 2和0.16 kgCO 2-eq /kg。
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引用次数: 0
Adjusting the nutrient solution formula based on growth stages to promote the yield and quality of strawberry in greenhouse 根据生长阶段调整营养液配方,提高温室草莓产量和品质
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231602.7797
Weizhong Yu, Jianfeng Zheng, Yingli Wang, F. Ji, Baoying Zhu
: To optimize the nutrient supply of strawberry, fertilization was reduced as much as possible on the premise of satisfying the elements needed for strawberry growth. This study put forward a modified nutrient solution formula (NM) by adjusting the ratios of N/K, K/Ca, in vegetative growth, flowering and fruiting, and fruit expanding stages based on Yamasaki strawberry nutrient solution formula (NY). Taking the NY as the control group, the NM was verified with elevated-grown ‘Ssanta’ strawberry using three different substrates (Vulcanics-added substrate, Horticultural substrate, Comme rcial substrate) in greenhouse. The results indicated that under the NM treatment, strawberry plants had better photosynthesis in the vegetative growth stage and flowering and fruiting stage, and the first crop yield and total crops yield per plant also increased by 20%. Although the vegetative growth stage was longer, it entered the full fruiting stage earlier so that the maturity stage was advanced one week. Compared to strawberries grown in horticultural substrate irrigated with NY, the fruit yield per plant of ‘Ssanta’ strawberry grown in horticultural substrate irrigated with NM increased by 26%, and the sugar-acid ratio and vitamin C content of primary fruits reached 10.6 and 74.1 mg/100g, improving by 41% and 34% respectively. The NM based on the growth stage can optimize the element needs of strawberry in all growth and development stages and maintain the substrate’s pH stability, improving the yield and quality of ‘Ssanta’ strawberry under substrate cultivation. Therefore, it is recommended to use the horticultural substrate irrigated with the modified nutrient solution for the ‘Ssanta’ strawberries cultivation elevated in greenhouse to improve the economic benefit of strawberry cultivation.
:为了优化草莓的养分供应,在满足草莓生长所需元素的前提下,尽量减少施肥。本研究以山崎草莓营养液配方(NY)为基础,通过调整营养生长期、开花结实期和膨大期N/K、K/Ca的比例,提出了改良营养液配方(NM)。以NY为对照,在温室中使用三种不同的基质(火山添加基质、园艺基质、商业基质)对“santa”草莓进行了NM验证。结果表明,NM处理下草莓植株营养生长期和开花结果期光合作用较好,单株首季产量和总产量提高20%。营养生长期较长,但进入结实期较早,成熟期提前一周。与NY灌水园艺基质栽培的草莓相比,NM灌水园艺基质栽培的‘桑塔’草莓单株产量提高了26%,初生果实糖酸比和维生素C含量分别达到10.6和74.1 mg/100g,分别提高了41%和34%。以生育阶段为基础的氮肥管理可以优化草莓生长发育各阶段的元素需求,保持基质的pH稳定,提高基质栽培下“桑塔”草莓的产量和品质。因此,建议采用改良营养液灌溉的园艺基质用于温室高架栽培“桑塔”草莓,以提高草莓栽培的经济效益。
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引用次数: 1
Effects of spray adjuvants and operation modes on droplet deposition and elm aphid control using an unmanned aerial vehicle 喷雾佐剂和操作方式对无人机飞沫沉积和榆树蚜虫防治的影响
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231602.7424
Zechen Dou, Zhihao Fang, Xiaoqiang Han, Muhammad Zeeshan, Yapeng Liu, Y. Lan
: A conventional spraying mode and a fully autonomous fruit tree operation mode using a model DJ T30 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used to control aphids control on elm trees and to clarify the distribution of droplets in elm trees sprayed by a UAV. The effects of six aviation spray adjuvants on elm canopy droplet deposition and aphid control were evaluated. ImageJ software was used to analyze and measure the droplet density and deposition of water sensitive paper in two modes; this was done to calculate the droplet uniformity, depositional penetration, and droplet penetration, and to verify the aphid control effect. The results showed that the droplet density increased by 79.7%-100.7% in the upper canopy and 0-394.1% in the lower canopy without adjuvants in the fully autonomous fruit tree operation mode. The upper canopy deposits increased by 65.7%-179.3%, and the lower canopy increased by 0-152.8%. When adjuvants were added, the droplet density in the upper canopy increased by 49.7-56.1% using Jiexiaofeng (JXF), and the lower canopy increased by 138.2%-177.8% using JXF, 45.8%-141.3% using Beidatong (BDT), 45.5%-92.9% using Gongbei (GB), 0-93.5% using Maisi (MS), and 0-95.2% using Manniu (MN). The deposits of the upper canopy increased by 888.1-1 154.2% using JXF, 0-1 298.3% using MN, 0-343.9% using BDT, 0-422.5% using GB, 0-580.3% using MS. The lower canopy increased by 746.4%-1 426.0% using JXF, 226.2%- 231.0% using BDT, 435.8%-644.0% using GB, 255.0%-322.4% using MS, and 249.3%-360.0% using MN. When JXF was added, the droplet uniformity, droplet penetration and depositional penetration were better than when using other adjuvants. The effects of JXF, BDT and GB in controlling aphids was significantly better than other adjuvants ( p <0.05). The following control effects were observed; 94.1% with JXF, 93.1% with BDT, and 93.3% with GB after 3 d of application, and 97.9% with JXF, 95.6% with BDT, and 97.1% with GB after 7 d of application. At the same time, the application of the fully autonomous fruit tree operation mode and JXF can effectively improve the density and deposits, which will produce a superposition optimization effect. Our study focuses on the prevention and control of elm aphid infestations based on the operation mode of a UAV and aviation spray adjuvants, which can provide a baseline for the control of diseases and insect pests using UAVs in agriculture and forestry.
:采用常规喷洒模式和DJ T30型无人机全自动果树操作模式对榆树蚜虫进行控制,并对无人机喷洒的榆树飞沫分布情况进行研究。评价了6种航空喷雾佐剂对榆树树冠雾滴沉积和蚜虫防治的效果。采用ImageJ软件分析和测量两种模式下水敏纸的液滴密度和沉积情况;为了计算雾滴均匀性、沉积穿透性和雾滴穿透性,验证雾滴防治蚜虫的效果。结果表明,在无佐剂的完全自主果树运行模式下,上冠层雾滴密度提高79.7% ~ 100.7%,下冠层雾滴密度提高0 ~ 394.1%。上层冠层沉积物增加65.7% ~ 179.3%,下层冠层沉积物增加0 ~ 152.8%。添加佐剂后,洁小凤(JXF)的上冠层雾滴密度增加49.7% ~ 56.1%,洁小凤(JXF)的下冠层雾滴密度增加138.2% ~ 177.8%,北大通(BDT)雾滴密度增加45.8% ~ 141.3%,宫北(GB)雾滴密度增加45.5% ~ 92.9%,麦丝(MS)雾滴密度增加0 ~ 93.5%,满牛(MN)雾滴密度增加0 ~ 95.2%。JXF、MN、BDT、GB、MS分别增加了888.1 ~ 154.2%、0 ~ 1 298.3%、0 ~ 343.9%、0 ~ 422.5%、0 ~ 580.3%;JXF、BDT、435.8% ~ 644.0%、MS、249.3% ~ 360.0%,分别增加了746.4% ~ 426.0%。添加JXF时,液滴均匀性、滴入性和沉积性均优于其他佐剂。JXF、BDT和GB对蚜虫的防治效果显著优于其他佐剂(p <0.05)。观察到以下控制效果:施用3 d后,JXF为94.1%,BDT为93.1%,GB为93.3%;施用7 d后,JXF为97.9%,BDT为95.6%,GB为97.1%。同时,全自主果树操作模式和JXF的应用,可以有效地提高密度和沉淀,将产生叠加优化效果。本研究基于无人机操作模式和航空喷雾佐剂对榆树蚜虫的防治进行了研究,可为无人机在农林病虫害防治中的应用提供基准。
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引用次数: 0
Detection of the foreign object positions in agricultural soils using Mask-RCNN 基于Mask-RCNN的农业土壤异物位置检测
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231601.7173
Yuanhong Li, Chaofeng Wang, Congyue Wang, Xiaoling Deng, Zuoxi Zhao, Shengde Chen, Yubin Lan
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of the metering performance for typical shape maize seeds using DEM 基于DEM的典型形状玉米种子计量性能分析
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231601.6813
L. Shi, Wuyun Zhao, Wei Sun, Xiaoping Yang, Guanping Wang, Shanglong Xin
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引用次数: 0
Optimizing water-saving irrigation schemes for rice (Oryza sativa L.) using DSSAT-CERES-Rice model 基于DSSAT-CERES-Rice模型的水稻节水灌溉方案优化
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231602.7361
Shikai Gao, Qiongqiong Gu, X. Gong, Yanbin Li, Shao-feng Yan, Yuanyuan Li
: Rice is one of the major crops in China, and enhancing the rice yield and water use efficiency is critical to ensuring food security in China. Determining how to optimize a scientific and efficient irrigation and drainage scheme by combining existing technology is currently a hot topic. Crop growth models can be used to assess actual or proposed water management regimes intended to increase water use efficiency and mitigate water shortages. In this study, a CERES-Rice model was calibrated and validated using a two-year field experiment. Four irrigation and drainage treatments were designed for the experiment: alternate wetting and drying (AWD), controlled drainage (CD), controlled irrigation and drainage for a low water level (CID1), and controlled irrigation and drainage for a high water level (CID2). According to the indicators normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) and index of agreement ( d ), the calibrated CERES-Rice model accurately predicted grain yield (NRMSE=6.67%, d =0.77), , shoot biomass (NRMSE=3.37%, d =0.77), actual evapotranspiration ( ET a ) (NRMSE=3.83%, d =0.74), irrigation volume (NRMSE=15.56%, d =0.94), and leaf area index (NRMSE=9.69%, d =0.98) over 2 a. The calibrated model was subsequently used to evaluate rice production in response to the four treatments (AWD, CD, CID1, and CID2) under 60 meteorological scenarios which were divided into wet years (22 a), normal years (16 a), and dry years (22 a). Results showed that the yield of AWD was the largest among four treatments in different hydrological years. Relative to that of AWD, the yield of CD, CID1, and CID2 were respectively reduced by 5.7%, 2.6%, 8.7% in wet years, 9.2%, 2.3%, 8.6% in normal years, and 9.2%, 3.8%, 3.9% in dry years. However, rainwater use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were the greatest for CID2 in different hydrological years. The entropy-weighting TOPSIS model was used to optimize the four water-saving irrigation schemes in terms of water-saving, labor-saving and high-yield, based on the simulation results of the CERES-Rice model in the past 60 a. These results showed that CID1 and AWD were optimal in the wet years, CID1 and CID2 were optimal in the normal and dry years. These results may provide a strong scientific basis for the optimization of water-saving irrigation technology for rice.
水稻是中国的主要作物之一,提高水稻产量和水分利用效率对确保中国的粮食安全至关重要。如何结合现有技术优化科学高效的排灌方案是当前研究的热点问题。作物生长模型可用于评估旨在提高用水效率和缓解水资源短缺的实际或拟议的水资源管理制度。在这项研究中,CERES-Rice模型通过为期两年的田间试验进行了校准和验证。试验设计4种灌排处理:干湿交替(AWD)、控制排水(CD)、低水位控制灌排(CID1)和高水位控制灌排(CID2)。根据归一化均方根误差(NRMSE)和一致性指数(d),校正后的CERES-Rice模型准确预测了2 a内的籽粒产量(NRMSE=6.67%, d =0.77)、茎部生物量(NRMSE=3.37%, d =0.77)、实际蒸散量(ET a) (NRMSE=3.83%, d =0.74)、灌水量(NRMSE=15.56%, d =0.94)和叶面积指数(NRMSE=9.69%, d =0.98)。CID1和CID2)在60个气象情景下,分为湿润年(22 a)、正常年(16 a)和干旱年(22 a)。结果表明,在不同水文年的4个处理中,AWD产量最大。与AWD相比,CD、CID1和CID2的产量在丰水年分别降低5.7%、2.6%、8.7%,在平水年分别降低9.2%、2.3%、8.6%,在干旱年分别降低9.2%、3.8%、3.9%。但不同水文年CID2的雨水利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均最高。以CERES-Rice模型近60 a的模拟结果为基础,利用熵权TOPSIS模型对4种节水灌溉方案在节水、省力和高产方面进行优化。结果表明,CID1和AWD方案在丰水年最优,CID1和CID2方案在丰水年和干旱年最优。研究结果可为优化水稻节水灌溉技术提供有力的科学依据。
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引用次数: 0
Design and performance analysis of indoor calibration device for the force-measuring system of the tractor three-point hitch 拖拉机三点式挂索测力系统室内标定装置设计及性能分析
2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231603.7455
Dong Dai, Du Chen, Xu Mao, Yawei Zhang, Yutong Li, Shumao Wang, Bin Zhang
The real-time monitoring of the load in farming by the sensor installed on the tractor's three-point hitch can effectively improve the farming efficiency and force-position combined control, reduce the compaction risk of the wheel on the soil and reduce the fuel consumption in farming process. However, the measurement and quantification of the loads on the three-point hitch have some problems remaining unresolved: testing the accuracy and reliability of a load measuring system is hard when the tractor works in a field, the mathematical model of spatial forces usually lacks a practical and effective validation, and the calibration process of the measurement system is inconvenient and incomplete while easily causing a low accuracy. Specifically, this paper builds a new spatial-force mathematical model based on the geometry of a three-point hitch. To eliminate the discrepancy of the geometric model with the actual structure and to refine the mathematical model, a calibration process is conducted by developing a calibration bench, which is equipped with a data acquisition system and a multi-parameter monitoring interface. The three-point hitch installed on this calibration bench is subject to steady-state loading. The loading force, angle of the lower drawbar, and three-component forces (three shaft pin sensors’ forces) of the three-point hitch are well measured. With applying for the measured data to calibrate the theoretical mathematic model eventually derives the resultant force from all the three-component forces, a dynamical loading bench was developed to test the calculated resultant force for the three-point hitch during the sinusoidal and randomly variant dynamical loadings tests. A hitch force measurement system is also developed to collect real-time data and calculate the resultant force of measured three-component forces through the calibrated mathematical model. The results of the dynamical loading tests show that the average relative error MRE=1.09% with an average force measurement time delay being Δt=0.5 s, the root mean square error RMSE=59.3 N, and the coefficient of determination R2=0.9903. As observed, the shape and the trend of the generated resultant force curve are basically the dynamical loading force. The dynamical loading test proves the high efficacy and reliability of the proposed indoor calibration method for calculating the load based on the three-component forces as measured on the three-point hitch. Besides, the preliminary study of the proposed method on the hitch load provides great potential to improve the indoor six-component measurement and quantification of both the force and momentum acting on the three-point hitch. Keywords: tractor, three-point hitch, hitch force calibration bench, hitch force measurement system, dynamic loading verification method DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231603.7455 Citation: Dai D, Chen D, Mao X, Zhang Y W, Li Y T, Wang S M, et al. Design and performance analysis of indoor calibration device
通过安装在拖拉机三点式挂索上的传感器对耕作过程中的负荷进行实时监测,可以有效地提高耕作效率和力位联合控制,减少车轮对土壤的压实风险,降低耕作过程中的燃油消耗。然而,三点式挂载载荷的测量与量化仍存在一些未解决的问题:拖拉机在野外作业时难以测试载荷测量系统的准确性和可靠性,空间力的数学模型通常缺乏实际有效的验证,测量系统的校准过程不方便和不完整,容易造成精度低。具体地说,本文建立了一个新的基于三点悬挂几何的空间力数学模型。为了消除几何模型与实际结构的差异,并对数学模型进行精细化,开发了配备数据采集系统和多参数监测接口的标定台架,进行了标定过程。安装在此校准台上的三点悬挂装置受稳态载荷的影响。测量了三点挂件的加载力、下拉杆的角度、三分量力(三轴销传感器的力)。利用实测数据对理论数学模型进行校正,最终推导出三分量力的合力,并建立了动态加载台架,在正弦和随机变动加载试验中对计算得到的三点系结合力进行测试。开发了一套悬挂力测量系统,通过标定后的数学模型,实时采集数据,计算出所测三分量力的合力。动态加载试验结果表明,平均相对误差MRE=1.09%,平均测力时滞Δt=0.5 s,均方根误差RMSE=59.3 N,决定系数R2=0.9903。由此可见,生成的合力曲线的形状和趋势基本就是动加载力。动态加载试验验证了所提出的基于三点挂件上测得的三分量力计算载荷的室内标定方法的有效性和可靠性。此外,该方法对顺风车载荷的初步研究为改进室内对三点顺风车的力和动量的六分量测量和量化提供了巨大的潜力。关键词:拖拉机,三点式挂载,挂载力标定台,挂载力测量系统,动态加载验证方法[DOI: 10.25165/ j.j ijabe.20231603.7455]引用本文:戴迪,陈迪,毛鑫,张玉文,李玉涛,王世民,等。拖拉机三点式挂索测力系统室内标定装置设计及性能分析。农业与生物工程学报,2023;16(3): 47-54。
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引用次数: 0
NxO emissions in response to the irrigation lower limits under different irrigation modes in a lettuce field 不同灌溉方式下生菜田氮氧化物排放对灌溉下限的响应
2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7961
Maomao Hou, Ying Xiao, Qinyuan Zhu, Jingnan Chen, Huan Huang, Qiu Jin, Lin Zhu, Fenglin Zhong
Irrigation has a significant impact on NxO (N2O and NO) emissions from cultivated land, yet the N2O or NO emission among the irrigation lower limits under different irrigation modes has not been well compared. In an irrigated lettuce field, three DR (drip irrigation) lower limits were designed, including 75% (DR1), 65% (DR2) and 55% (DR3) field capacity, and one FI (furrow irrigation) lower limit (65% field capacity). The N2O and NO emission fluxes and soil nitrogen (N) forms were determined, and the linear correlation between these indicators was analyzed. Results showed that under the same irrigation regime, the N2O and NO emissions from furrow irrigation treatment increased by 36.8% and 45.2% respectively compared to that from drip irrigation treatment. The cumulative N2O and NO emissions under DR3 were 30.2% and 28.6% higher than under DR1, respectively. Moreover, DR1 was also the lowest among the four treatments in soil NO3--N concentration. The N2O and NO emission fluxes were more correlated to soil NH4+-N (r=0.88 and 0.76) or NO2--N (r=0.90 and 0.80) concentration than soil NO3--N and soluble organic N, indicating that N2O and NO were mainly produced by the soil nitrification process. When the irrigation regime was the same, N2O and NO emissions were lower with drip irrigation than with furrow irrigation. Besides, drip irrigation with small quota but high frequency reduced N2O and NO emission compared to that with large quota but low frequency. Keywords: nitrous oxide, nitric oxide, drip irrigation, furrow irrigation, soil nitrogen DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7961 Citation: Hou M M, Xiao Y, Zhu Q Y, Chen J N, Huang H, Jin Q, et al. NxO emissions in response to the irrigation lower limits under different irrigation modes in a lettuce field. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 159–167.
灌溉对耕地N2O和NO排放有显著影响,但不同灌溉方式下灌溉下限之间的N2O或NO排放差异尚未得到很好的比较。在一个灌溉莴苣田,设计了3个DR(滴灌)下限,包括75% (DR1)、65% (DR2)和55% (DR3)田间容量,以及1个FI(沟灌)下限(65%田间容量)。测定了N2O和NO排放通量与土壤氮形态,并分析了这些指标之间的线性相关关系。结果表明:在相同灌溉方式下,沟灌处理的氮氧化物和一氧化氮排放量比滴灌处理分别增加了36.8%和45.2%;DR3下N2O和NO的累积排放量分别比DR1下高30.2%和28.6%。4个处理中,DR1处理土壤NO3——N浓度最低。N2O和NO排放通量与土壤NH4+-N (r=0.88和0.76)或NO2——N (r=0.90和0.80)浓度的相关性强于土壤NO3——N和可溶性有机氮,说明N2O和NO主要由土壤硝化过程产生。在灌溉方式相同的情况下,滴灌比沟灌的N2O和NO排放更低。此外,与大配额低频率滴灌相比,小配额高频率滴灌减少了N2O和NO的排放。关键词:一氧化二氮,一氧化二氮,滴灌,沟灌,土壤氮DOI: 10.25165/ j.j ijabe.20231604.7961引用本文:侯明明,肖勇,朱庆勇,陈建宁,黄辉,金强,等。不同灌溉方式下生菜田氮氧化物排放对灌溉下限的响应农业与生物工程学报,2023;16(4): 159 - 167。
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引用次数: 0
Drying curve simulation and LF-NMR online monitor of water state in ursolic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles during microwave freeze drying 载熊果酸壳聚糖纳米颗粒微波冷冻干燥过程中的干燥曲线模拟及LF-NMR在线监测
2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7519
Xing Ren, Xu Duan, Weiwei Cao, Lujie Zhao, Guangyue Ren, Panpan Liu
Changes in various states of water in ursolic acid (UA) loaded chitosan nanoparticles were assessed using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) during microwave freeze drying (MFD) process, and six thin-layer models were applied to simulate the drying kinetics. UA nanoparticles were dried at different microwave power densities (1 W/g, 2 W/g and 4 W/g). The results showed that three water fractions with different transverse relaxation times (T2) were detected in fresh UA nanoparticles. The T2 relaxation time of water decreased significantly with the increase of drying time at different microwave power densities. And the mutual migration and transformation of water in different states during the drying process of chitosan nanoparticles occurred. Furthermore, mathematical model analysis showed that the Page model provided the best description during the process of UA nanoparticle dried by MFD. The Page model can better simulate the drying kinetics of chitosan nanoparticles dried by MFD, and LF-NMR technology can monitor the changes in water status of UA nanoparticles. The results revealed that LF-NMR can monitor the changes of water in UA nanoparticles during the drying process. Keywords: microwave, drying, chitosan nanoparticles, water distribution DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231604.7519 Citation: Ren X, Duan X, Cao W W, Zhao L J, Ren G Y, Liu P P. Drying curve simulation and LF-NMR online monitor of water state in ursolic acid loaded chitosan nanoparticles during microwave freeze drying. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2023; 16(4): 263-268.
采用低场核磁共振(LF-NMR)技术研究了负载熊果酸(UA)的壳聚糖纳米颗粒在微波冷冻干燥(MFD)过程中不同状态水分的变化,并应用6个薄层模型模拟了壳聚糖纳米颗粒的干燥动力学。在不同的微波功率密度(1 W/g、2 W/g和4 W/g)下对UA纳米颗粒进行干燥。结果表明,在新鲜的UA纳米颗粒中检测到三种不同横向弛豫时间(T2)的水组分。在不同微波功率密度下,水的T2弛豫时间随干燥时间的增加而显著减小。在壳聚糖纳米颗粒干燥过程中,不同状态的水分相互迁移转化。数学模型分析表明,Page模型能较好地描述UA纳米颗粒的MFD干燥过程。Page模型可以较好地模拟MFD干燥的壳聚糖纳米颗粒的干燥动力学,LF-NMR技术可以监测UA纳米颗粒的水分状态变化。结果表明,LF-NMR可以监测UA纳米颗粒干燥过程中水分的变化。关键词:微波,干燥,壳聚糖纳米颗粒,水分分布[DOI: 10.25165/ j.j ijabe.20231604.7519]引用本文:任鑫,段鑫,曹伟伟,赵丽娟,任国勇,刘鹏鹏。负载熊果酸的壳聚糖纳米颗粒微波冷冻干燥过程中水分状态的干燥曲线模拟及低频核磁共振在线监测。农业与生物工程学报,2023;16(4): 263-268.
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引用次数: 0
Effects of working parameters on the performance of cyclone separator for rapeseed combine harvester based on CFD 基于CFD的油菜籽联合收割机旋风分离器工作参数对分离器性能的影响
IF 2.4 2区 农林科学 Q2 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20231601.7253
Xingyu Wan, Jiacheng Yuan, Jia Yang, Yitao Liao, Qingxi Liao
: Existing development for cyclone separation cleaning components of the rapeseed combine harvester, which employs the suspending airflow to separate the rapeseeds from the materials other than grain (MOG), has the challenge to figure out the optimal working parameters, highlighting a need for exploration of the invisible airflow based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The airflow status was mainly affected by the air velocities of the inlet, and the outlet for the MOG. The single factor and response surface experiments were carried out. It could be found that the inlet and MOG outlet velocities affected the air velocities through the change in the air quantity. Furthermore, the mathematical model of the relationship between the air velocities inside the cyclone and the working parameters was built, and the optimal combination of working parameters was obtained by multi-objective optimization. The inlet and outlet velocities of the optimal combination were 4.25 m/s and 29.87 m/s, respectively. Under this condition, the cleaning ratio and loss ratio of the cleaning device was 94.62% and 5.39%, respectively, as validated by the field experiment. The findings provide references for the improvement of cleaning systems for rapeseed combine harvesters.
:现有的油菜籽联合收割机旋风分离清洗部件采用悬浮气流将油菜籽与籽粒以外的物料(MOG)分离,该部件的最佳工作参数难以确定,需要基于计算流体力学(CFD)对不可见气流进行探索。气流状态主要受入口风速的影响,而出口风速主要受MOG气流状态的影响。进行了单因素试验和响应面试验。可以发现,入口和MOG出口速度通过风量的变化对风速产生影响。建立了旋流器内风速与工作参数关系的数学模型,通过多目标优化得到了旋流器内工作参数的最优组合。最优组合的入口和出口速度分别为4.25 m/s和29.87 m/s。在此条件下,经现场试验验证,清洗装置的清洗率和损失率分别为94.62%和5.39%。研究结果可为油菜籽联合收割机清洗系统的改进提供参考。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
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