Pub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233521
Frank Lichtenberger, Krishna Rajendran, Keri Layton, Sucharitha Lakshminarayan, Latha Krishnamurthy, Dheeraj K. Deep
Background: This study aims to investigate whether a novel herbal extract blend, KaraShieldTM could be used to help build a healthy immune system that could reduce the number of incidences or severity of common upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Methods: A randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study of 60 days was done on 120 healthy subjects allocated to a treatment arm (500 mg/day, KaraShieldTM) or placebo arm (500 mg/day). Results: A 500 mg daily dosage of KaraShieldTM significantly improved the subjects' immune health as measured by parameters such as the frequency and severity of upper respiratory tract conditions, the serum IgG level, mean ISQ raw score, WURSS scale score, CRP level in the serum and WHOQOL-BREF score at the end of the study period of sixty days from the baseline compared to that of the placebo. The investigated product was found to be safe and well tolerated by the subjects. Conclusions: KaraShieldTM may represent a promising safe and effective formulation for building a healthy immune system that could then counteract URTIs.
{"title":"Assessment of KaraShieldTM properties in supporting the immune health of healthy subjects: a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study","authors":"Frank Lichtenberger, Krishna Rajendran, Keri Layton, Sucharitha Lakshminarayan, Latha Krishnamurthy, Dheeraj K. Deep","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233521","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study aims to investigate whether a novel herbal extract blend, KaraShieldTM could be used to help build a healthy immune system that could reduce the number of incidences or severity of common upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Methods: A randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study of 60 days was done on 120 healthy subjects allocated to a treatment arm (500 mg/day, KaraShieldTM) or placebo arm (500 mg/day). Results: A 500 mg daily dosage of KaraShieldTM significantly improved the subjects' immune health as measured by parameters such as the frequency and severity of upper respiratory tract conditions, the serum IgG level, mean ISQ raw score, WURSS scale score, CRP level in the serum and WHOQOL-BREF score at the end of the study period of sixty days from the baseline compared to that of the placebo. The investigated product was found to be safe and well tolerated by the subjects. Conclusions: KaraShieldTM may represent a promising safe and effective formulation for building a healthy immune system that could then counteract URTIs.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"16 19","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135391840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233196
None Ramesh, Meenakshi Vadhwa, None Ridhima
Background: Antimicrobial resistance has been considered as one of the greatest challenges to the general public health today. The Antibiotic Stewardship Program has emphasized on prevention of drug resistant bacterial infection, targeted therapy against susceptible or resistant microorganism and to curtail unnecessary and irrational use of antibiotics. Present study aimed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic prescription amongst the hospitalized patients of IGMC Shimla in Himachal Pradesh. Methods: It was a retrospective observational study. Data was collected from hospital records of admitted patients in medicine and Surgical wards. Patient data like demographic profile, average hospital stay and number of antibiotics prescribed were extracted from their hospital records. Also, the data about oral/parenteral, generic/branded empirical/definitive and therapeutic/prophylaxis prescription in each patient were collected. Results: In medicine ward, the number of generic prescriptions 78 (71.5%) were more as compared to branded 31 (28.5%) and majority were given the parenteral 61 (55.9%) than the oral 48 (44.1%) dosage form. In surgery ward, the branded prescriptions 61 (91%) out-numbered the generic prescription 6 (9%). The route of administration was mostly oral; 56 (83.5%), while only few had parenteral prescription; 11 (16.5%) in this ward. Conclusions: It was found that majority of patients in medicine ward received generic named antibiotics for definitive management, while in surgical ward branded named antibiotics were prescribed for surgical prophylaxis. The cephalosporin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic group. Majority of antibiotics belonged to “watch” category as far as WHO’s AWaRe classification is concerned.
{"title":"Prescription pattern of antibiotics in various clinical departments of a tertiary care health institution: a retrospective observational study","authors":"None Ramesh, Meenakshi Vadhwa, None Ridhima","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233196","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Antimicrobial resistance has been considered as one of the greatest challenges to the general public health today. The Antibiotic Stewardship Program has emphasized on prevention of drug resistant bacterial infection, targeted therapy against susceptible or resistant microorganism and to curtail unnecessary and irrational use of antibiotics. Present study aimed to evaluate the pattern of antibiotic prescription amongst the hospitalized patients of IGMC Shimla in Himachal Pradesh. Methods: It was a retrospective observational study. Data was collected from hospital records of admitted patients in medicine and Surgical wards. Patient data like demographic profile, average hospital stay and number of antibiotics prescribed were extracted from their hospital records. Also, the data about oral/parenteral, generic/branded empirical/definitive and therapeutic/prophylaxis prescription in each patient were collected. Results: In medicine ward, the number of generic prescriptions 78 (71.5%) were more as compared to branded 31 (28.5%) and majority were given the parenteral 61 (55.9%) than the oral 48 (44.1%) dosage form. In surgery ward, the branded prescriptions 61 (91%) out-numbered the generic prescription 6 (9%). The route of administration was mostly oral; 56 (83.5%), while only few had parenteral prescription; 11 (16.5%) in this ward. Conclusions: It was found that majority of patients in medicine ward received generic named antibiotics for definitive management, while in surgical ward branded named antibiotics were prescribed for surgical prophylaxis. The cephalosporin was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic group. Majority of antibiotics belonged to “watch” category as far as WHO’s AWaRe classification is concerned.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135111311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233187
Eugene O. Ohanme, Uzochukwu Ofonakara, Casimir C. Ofor, Benjamin N. Nwakelu, Mansur A. Ramalan, Clementina N. Eze, Amauchechukwu V. Nwafor, Donatus O. Anele, Godwin C. Akuodor
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is typically characterised by motor shortfalls. However, non-motor symptoms like mood disorders (anxiety, depression) and impaired cognition are also associated features. Previous studies have demonstrated a neuroprotective effect a plant against a disease. Consequently, this current study was focused on assessing its efficacy in extenuating non-motor shortfalls such as anxiety-like behaviour and impaired cognition induced by rotenone. Methods: PD was induced in rats by administering rotenone (10 mg/kg BW orally) for 28 days. The vehicle and the test drug were given orally daily for one hour prior to rotenone administration. The protective effect of methanol extract of A. viridis (500 mg/kg BW) was assessed through an array of tests; elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test, and novel object recognition test. The rats were sacrificed on day 28th and neurobiochemical analyses of the hippocampus were performed using HPLC. Results: The findings of this study showed that co-administration of A. viridis reversed the rotenone-induced anxiety-like behaviour and cognitive shortfalls to a significant extent (p<0.001). It also restored the hippocampal neurotransmitters [(5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and dopamine (Da)] significantly (p<0.001). Conclusions: Amaranthus viridis offered neuroprotective effects that ameliorate non-motor symptoms in PD. This could be a novel insight into the therapy of PD. This study provides scientific evidence that A. viridis attenuates non-motor symptoms like anxiety-like behaviour and cognitive deficits in Parkinsonism. This extract can be a potential candidate in herbal formulations as a neuroprotectant against PD.
{"title":"Amaranthus viridis improves relative anxiety behaviour and cognitive deficit in rotenone induced Parkinsonism in albino rats","authors":"Eugene O. Ohanme, Uzochukwu Ofonakara, Casimir C. Ofor, Benjamin N. Nwakelu, Mansur A. Ramalan, Clementina N. Eze, Amauchechukwu V. Nwafor, Donatus O. Anele, Godwin C. Akuodor","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233187","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is typically characterised by motor shortfalls. However, non-motor symptoms like mood disorders (anxiety, depression) and impaired cognition are also associated features. Previous studies have demonstrated a neuroprotective effect a plant against a disease. Consequently, this current study was focused on assessing its efficacy in extenuating non-motor shortfalls such as anxiety-like behaviour and impaired cognition induced by rotenone. Methods: PD was induced in rats by administering rotenone (10 mg/kg BW orally) for 28 days. The vehicle and the test drug were given orally daily for one hour prior to rotenone administration. The protective effect of methanol extract of A. viridis (500 mg/kg BW) was assessed through an array of tests; elevated plus maze test, Morris water maze test, and novel object recognition test. The rats were sacrificed on day 28th and neurobiochemical analyses of the hippocampus were performed using HPLC. Results: The findings of this study showed that co-administration of A. viridis reversed the rotenone-induced anxiety-like behaviour and cognitive shortfalls to a significant extent (p<0.001). It also restored the hippocampal neurotransmitters [(5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5-HIAA), and dopamine (Da)] significantly (p<0.001). Conclusions: Amaranthus viridis offered neuroprotective effects that ameliorate non-motor symptoms in PD. This could be a novel insight into the therapy of PD. This study provides scientific evidence that A. viridis attenuates non-motor symptoms like anxiety-like behaviour and cognitive deficits in Parkinsonism. This extract can be a potential candidate in herbal formulations as a neuroprotectant against PD.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"434 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233197
Anna Sira Coulibaly, Shibi Mary Thomas, Prashant Kumar Sah, Balakeshwa Ramaiah, Prestley F. Chia-Sani, Salimata Kone
Background: β-Blockers are often associated with further cardiac function deterioration, ledding to them being often underused/underdosed by certain physicians in heart failure treatment, although they were seen to be beneficial in decreasing the rates of mortality and morbidity, duration of hospitalization in HFrEF patients, but data on their benefits in HFmEF and HFpEF patients is limited. Objective was to evaluate rationality of β-blockers’ dosage regimen and its effectiveness in HF patients. Methods: 43 HF patients have been enrolled. Data were collected from the medication chart (dose, route, frequency); dosage regimen was evaluated and compared to that of ESC guidelines for HF treatment. Heart rates pre/post drug treatments, ejection fraction (at admission & post-discharge) were recorded; effectiveness was evaluated through heart rate control, reduction in: duration of hospitalization, rehospitalization and mortality rate. Post-discharge updates of the patients were obtained through out-patient consultation reports. Results: In All 43 patients dosage regimen of selected β-Blockers was found to be rational and following the ESC guideline for HF treatment. 65% of patients spent not more than 5 days in the hospital, 16% Re-hospitalized for cardiovascular diseases, and death rate was 4%. Conclusions: The dosage regimen of selected β-Blockers was found to be as per that of ESC-guidelines HF treatment. β-Blockers have also been found to have reduced: hospitalization stay, frequency of rehospitalization, and death rate among patients under study.
{"title":"Evaluation of β-blockers dosage regimen rationality in heart failure patients","authors":"Anna Sira Coulibaly, Shibi Mary Thomas, Prashant Kumar Sah, Balakeshwa Ramaiah, Prestley F. Chia-Sani, Salimata Kone","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233197","url":null,"abstract":"Background: β-Blockers are often associated with further cardiac function deterioration, ledding to them being often underused/underdosed by certain physicians in heart failure treatment, although they were seen to be beneficial in decreasing the rates of mortality and morbidity, duration of hospitalization in HFrEF patients, but data on their benefits in HFmEF and HFpEF patients is limited. Objective was to evaluate rationality of β-blockers’ dosage regimen and its effectiveness in HF patients. Methods: 43 HF patients have been enrolled. Data were collected from the medication chart (dose, route, frequency); dosage regimen was evaluated and compared to that of ESC guidelines for HF treatment. Heart rates pre/post drug treatments, ejection fraction (at admission & post-discharge) were recorded; effectiveness was evaluated through heart rate control, reduction in: duration of hospitalization, rehospitalization and mortality rate. Post-discharge updates of the patients were obtained through out-patient consultation reports. Results: In All 43 patients dosage regimen of selected β-Blockers was found to be rational and following the ESC guideline for HF treatment. 65% of patients spent not more than 5 days in the hospital, 16% Re-hospitalized for cardiovascular diseases, and death rate was 4%. Conclusions: The dosage regimen of selected β-Blockers was found to be as per that of ESC-guidelines HF treatment. β-Blockers have also been found to have reduced: hospitalization stay, frequency of rehospitalization, and death rate among patients under study.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233194
Ankit Bhardwaj, Mala Mangesh, Avyukt Bhardwaj
Background: This study measured the impact of the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic (in the year 2020-21) on the antibiotics uses and their effect on gram nehative bacterial species Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Methods: The number of patient admission month-wise, antibiotic consumption, blood cultures collected, number of positive BCs, and antibiotic resistance were analysed retrospectively for the years 2020, 2021, and 2019 for comparison, in tertiary care hospital (ca. 840 beds). Results: Half of patients admitted in years 2020 and 2021 in our hospital had COVID-19. A significant increase in total antibiotic consumption during the years 2020 (75.53 DDD per 100 admissions) and 2021 (91.71 DDD per 100 admissions) occurred in comparison to the year 2019 (52.5 DDD per 100 admissions). The rate ratio of BCs per 100 admissions increased by 74% in the year 2020, and 118% in the year 2021 in comparison with the rate ratio to the year 2019. The BSI rate per 100 admissions increased overall by 24% in March 2020 and 115% in April 2020, the rate ratio of BSIs per 100 admissions raised 58.4% for Klebsiella and 239.3% for E. coli, but remain the same for Acinetobacter and Aeruginosa. A sharp increase in the rate of BSIs caused by microorganisms resistant to cephalosporins was also observed in the years 2020 and 2021. Conclusions: present study highlights the impact of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption and the increasing prevalence hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance.
{"title":"Impact of coronavirus disease pandemic on antimicrobials consumption and antimicrobial resistance during the first and second wave in a tertiary care hospital, in India","authors":"Ankit Bhardwaj, Mala Mangesh, Avyukt Bhardwaj","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233194","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study measured the impact of the first and second wave of COVID-19 pandemic (in the year 2020-21) on the antibiotics uses and their effect on gram nehative bacterial species Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Methods: The number of patient admission month-wise, antibiotic consumption, blood cultures collected, number of positive BCs, and antibiotic resistance were analysed retrospectively for the years 2020, 2021, and 2019 for comparison, in tertiary care hospital (ca. 840 beds). Results: Half of patients admitted in years 2020 and 2021 in our hospital had COVID-19. A significant increase in total antibiotic consumption during the years 2020 (75.53 DDD per 100 admissions) and 2021 (91.71 DDD per 100 admissions) occurred in comparison to the year 2019 (52.5 DDD per 100 admissions). The rate ratio of BCs per 100 admissions increased by 74% in the year 2020, and 118% in the year 2021 in comparison with the rate ratio to the year 2019. The BSI rate per 100 admissions increased overall by 24% in March 2020 and 115% in April 2020, the rate ratio of BSIs per 100 admissions raised 58.4% for Klebsiella and 239.3% for E. coli, but remain the same for Acinetobacter and Aeruginosa. A sharp increase in the rate of BSIs caused by microorganisms resistant to cephalosporins was also observed in the years 2020 and 2021. Conclusions: present study highlights the impact of the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic on antibiotic consumption and the increasing prevalence hospital-acquired infections and antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233200
Swetha Sathish Kumar, Sivani Ravindran, Merin Levy Philips, Syaam Ganesh B.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are the class of drugs used to treat a wide variety of disorders related to the stomach's acid production. Although it is considered safe for short term use, reports revealed that many serious life-threatening adverse reactions occurred from long term use. Here we report a case of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia induced by long-term use of PPIs in a patient with crest syndrome. From his past history, it was revealed that he was on pantoprazole 40 mg for more than 3 months. While he was admitted here for other complaints, we were able to discover that he had hypomagnesemia defined by low magnesium level of 1.3 mg/dL. As a consequence, he also showed signs of hypocalcemia with a low calcium level of 7 mg/dL. A peculiar complaint seen in this patient was three episodes of supraventricular tachycardia which is the most common cardiac manifestations of hypomagnesemia. As a conclusion, hypomagnesemia can sometimes be asymptomatic and cause unspecific and serious manifestations such as asthenia, paresthesia’s, seizures, arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. Hence routine monitoring of serum magnesium and calcium levels should be made mandatory in practice for patients on long term use of PPI. Besides, it should be kept in mind that interchanging PPI class with histamine 2 receptor antagonist or fitful use of PPI may not cause hypomagnesemia.
{"title":"A case study of an adverse drug reaction caused by long term use of proton pump inhibitors","authors":"Swetha Sathish Kumar, Sivani Ravindran, Merin Levy Philips, Syaam Ganesh B.","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233200","url":null,"abstract":"Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are the class of drugs used to treat a wide variety of disorders related to the stomach's acid production. Although it is considered safe for short term use, reports revealed that many serious life-threatening adverse reactions occurred from long term use. Here we report a case of hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia induced by long-term use of PPIs in a patient with crest syndrome. From his past history, it was revealed that he was on pantoprazole 40 mg for more than 3 months. While he was admitted here for other complaints, we were able to discover that he had hypomagnesemia defined by low magnesium level of 1.3 mg/dL. As a consequence, he also showed signs of hypocalcemia with a low calcium level of 7 mg/dL. A peculiar complaint seen in this patient was three episodes of supraventricular tachycardia which is the most common cardiac manifestations of hypomagnesemia. As a conclusion, hypomagnesemia can sometimes be asymptomatic and cause unspecific and serious manifestations such as asthenia, paresthesia’s, seizures, arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest. Hence routine monitoring of serum magnesium and calcium levels should be made mandatory in practice for patients on long term use of PPI. Besides, it should be kept in mind that interchanging PPI class with histamine 2 receptor antagonist or fitful use of PPI may not cause hypomagnesemia.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233199
Joshua Kuruvilla Mathew, Mohan Varughese, Felix Manoharan, Vipitha Thomas
Diabetes mellitus is a growing health problem with a significant global disease burden. The complications and mortality rate associated with diabetes are increasing. Albuminuria is one of its complications and evidence of established nephropathy. Low toe–brachial index (TBI) is more strongly associated with albuminuria and may be a suitable tool for evaluating peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study evaluated the association between macro albuminuria and low toe brachial index in type 2 diabetic patients to identify those who need specialized foot care and adequate renal protection.
{"title":"Case series of macroalbuminuria and toe-brachial index in type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Joshua Kuruvilla Mathew, Mohan Varughese, Felix Manoharan, Vipitha Thomas","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233199","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a growing health problem with a significant global disease burden. The complications and mortality rate associated with diabetes are increasing. Albuminuria is one of its complications and evidence of established nephropathy. Low toe–brachial index (TBI) is more strongly associated with albuminuria and may be a suitable tool for evaluating peripheral arterial disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our study evaluated the association between macro albuminuria and low toe brachial index in type 2 diabetic patients to identify those who need specialized foot care and adequate renal protection.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"9 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233201
Jarnail S. Braich, Amiya Sharma, Harsh Vasistha
Depressive disorder is a common behavioural, psychiatric disorder. Among various antidepressants selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are preferred drugs for the treatment of depression. When second-generation antidepressants SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are used to treat depression, 0.5–1% of patients develop mildly altered liver function without any symptoms. Various degrees of organ dysfunction are linked with drug-induced liver injury, which is unpredictable and might result from exposure to a drug. We reported suspected fluoxetine-induced hepatomegaly secondary to nine weeks of treatment with an SSRI fluoxetine. Upon cessation of the agent, the patient recovered symptomatically. The evidence is vital that the hepatomegaly in this patient was caused by fluoxetine.
{"title":"Probable fluoxetine-induced hepatomegaly: a case report","authors":"Jarnail S. Braich, Amiya Sharma, Harsh Vasistha","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233201","url":null,"abstract":"Depressive disorder is a common behavioural, psychiatric disorder. Among various antidepressants selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are preferred drugs for the treatment of depression. When second-generation antidepressants SSRIs and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are used to treat depression, 0.5–1% of patients develop mildly altered liver function without any symptoms. Various degrees of organ dysfunction are linked with drug-induced liver injury, which is unpredictable and might result from exposure to a drug. We reported suspected fluoxetine-induced hepatomegaly secondary to nine weeks of treatment with an SSRI fluoxetine. Upon cessation of the agent, the patient recovered symptomatically. The evidence is vital that the hepatomegaly in this patient was caused by fluoxetine.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"10 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233203
Sabahat Hasan
Pharmacology, as a core discipline in healthcare education, plays a pivotal role in shaping competent and responsible healthcare professionals. The traditional methods of pharmacology assessment, such as written exams and multiple-choice questions, have long been the norm for evaluating students' understanding of drug interactions, mechanisms, and clinical applications. However, as technology continues to advance, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into education has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance learning efficiency and improve student engagement.
{"title":"Maximizing learning efficiency: exploring the impact of ChatGPT in pharmacology assessment for undergraduates","authors":"Sabahat Hasan","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233203","url":null,"abstract":"Pharmacology, as a core discipline in healthcare education, plays a pivotal role in shaping competent and responsible healthcare professionals. The traditional methods of pharmacology assessment, such as written exams and multiple-choice questions, have long been the norm for evaluating students' understanding of drug interactions, mechanisms, and clinical applications. However, as technology continues to advance, integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into education has emerged as a transformative approach to enhance learning efficiency and improve student engagement.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"146 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233190
Deeksha Sharma, Atal Sood, Dinesh Kansal, Dhiraj Kapoor, Akshay Sharma
Background: Azilsartan and olmesartan are members of ARBs, used in the management of hypertension. Objective was to evaluate efficacy of azilsartan with olmesartan in patients of hypertension. Methods: A randomized, prospective, open label, comparative study was carried out in Pharmacology and Medicine department at Dr. RPGMC Kangra at Tanda, HP. The study stretched over one year and blood pressure was monitored at first, third and sixth month. Out of 69 patients, 35 patients in group A were prescribed tablet azilsartan 40 mg/day and 34 patients in group B patients were prescribed tablet olmesartan 20 mg/day. Tablet chlorthalidone 12.5 mg/day was add on in both the groups. Data was presented as mean+SD. Student’s t test was used and p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In group A, systolic blood pressure (SBP) values improved from baseline of 153±10 mmHg to 111±18 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 109±6.1 mmHg (p<0.001) at 6 months and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values from baseline of 87±7 mmHg to 67.1±4.6 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 67.6±2.5 mmHg (p < 0.001) at 6 months. In group B, SBP values improved from baseline of 154±8.5 mmHg to 127±3.6 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 123±4 mmHg (p<0.001) at 6 months and DBP values from baseline of 85±6.5mm Hg to 75.7±3.3 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 73±3.3 mmHg (p<0.001) at 6 months. On intergroup comparison improvement in hypertension was better in azilsartan group (p<0.001). Conclusions: The study concluded that azilsartan is significantly better than olmesartan in controlling the hypertension.
{"title":"Comparison of efficacy of azilsartan with olmesartan in patients of hypertension: randomized controlled trial","authors":"Deeksha Sharma, Atal Sood, Dinesh Kansal, Dhiraj Kapoor, Akshay Sharma","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20233190","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Azilsartan and olmesartan are members of ARBs, used in the management of hypertension. Objective was to evaluate efficacy of azilsartan with olmesartan in patients of hypertension. Methods: A randomized, prospective, open label, comparative study was carried out in Pharmacology and Medicine department at Dr. RPGMC Kangra at Tanda, HP. The study stretched over one year and blood pressure was monitored at first, third and sixth month. Out of 69 patients, 35 patients in group A were prescribed tablet azilsartan 40 mg/day and 34 patients in group B patients were prescribed tablet olmesartan 20 mg/day. Tablet chlorthalidone 12.5 mg/day was add on in both the groups. Data was presented as mean+SD. Student’s t test was used and p value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In group A, systolic blood pressure (SBP) values improved from baseline of 153±10 mmHg to 111±18 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 109±6.1 mmHg (p<0.001) at 6 months and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values from baseline of 87±7 mmHg to 67.1±4.6 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 67.6±2.5 mmHg (p < 0.001) at 6 months. In group B, SBP values improved from baseline of 154±8.5 mmHg to 127±3.6 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 123±4 mmHg (p<0.001) at 6 months and DBP values from baseline of 85±6.5mm Hg to 75.7±3.3 mmHg (p<0.001) at 3 months and 73±3.3 mmHg (p<0.001) at 6 months. On intergroup comparison improvement in hypertension was better in azilsartan group (p<0.001). Conclusions: The study concluded that azilsartan is significantly better than olmesartan in controlling the hypertension.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"9 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134973512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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