Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211013
U. Waseem, A. Waseem, Nadia Majeed, F. Qureshi, M. Muneer, S. Jafri
Background: Around the globe acid peptic disease and its potential complications are among the major cause of morbidity and is a significant burden on health system. Till now the main stay of treatment are the pharmaceutical agents which decrease the secretion of acid. But these have potential complications and tolerability issues. Among such plants one is Acacia catechu commonly available in India and Pakistan.Methods: This experimental study involved 48 albino rats that were divided into four groups. Group A, B, C, and D were given water, 100mg aspirin, 100 mg aspirin+ 250 mg Acacia catechu and 100 mg aspirin+500 mg Aacacia catechu respectively, and were sacrificed on day 3, 7 and 14th day of study and observed for changes.Results: Difference between blood vessels in subgroup B1 and subgroup C1 with subgroup D1 was statistically significant (p=0.05) and (p=0.001). Group C1 and D1 had normal vessels in mucosa and submucosa. However, dilatation of blood vessels was noted in both groups receiving Acacia catechu along with ASA.Conclusions: Aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu stem and bark showed significant anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities by increasing blood flow to the stomach.
{"title":"Gastroprotective effects of plants extracts: Acacia catechu on gastric mucosal injury in experimental albino rats model","authors":"U. Waseem, A. Waseem, Nadia Majeed, F. Qureshi, M. Muneer, S. Jafri","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211013","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Around the globe acid peptic disease and its potential complications are among the major cause of morbidity and is a significant burden on health system. Till now the main stay of treatment are the pharmaceutical agents which decrease the secretion of acid. But these have potential complications and tolerability issues. Among such plants one is Acacia catechu commonly available in India and Pakistan.Methods: This experimental study involved 48 albino rats that were divided into four groups. Group A, B, C, and D were given water, 100mg aspirin, 100 mg aspirin+ 250 mg Acacia catechu and 100 mg aspirin+500 mg Aacacia catechu respectively, and were sacrificed on day 3, 7 and 14th day of study and observed for changes.Results: Difference between blood vessels in subgroup B1 and subgroup C1 with subgroup D1 was statistically significant (p=0.05) and (p=0.001). Group C1 and D1 had normal vessels in mucosa and submucosa. However, dilatation of blood vessels was noted in both groups receiving Acacia catechu along with ASA.Conclusions: Aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu stem and bark showed significant anti-ulcer and anti-inflammatory activities by increasing blood flow to the stomach.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"174 1","pages":"347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79648413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211017
S. Tanwar, A. Acharya, Najmul Hasan
Background: Glycemic control remains the major therapeutic objective for prevention of target organ damage and other complications arising from diabetes. Poor glycemic control in diabetes mellitus can be prevented by using rational use of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA). Rational use of the drugs in populations can be effectively evaluated using drug utilization studies. Methods: The present study was conducted in the outpatient departments of General Medicine at Sardar Patel Medical College associated group of PBM Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital. It was a cross sectional prospective study carried out over a period of four months from September 2020 to January 2020. Patients were enrolled on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Total 300 patient prescription patterns were studied, out of which 58.33% were males and 41.66% were females. Most of the patients were in the age group of 51-60 years. Average number of anti-diabetic drugs per prescription was found to be 1.99. biguanides was the most commonly prescribed drug (97%) as mono therapy and combination therapy followed by sulfonylureas (65.6%), DPP 4 inhibitors (24%) Majority of the patients (66%) were on multidrug therapy. Conclusions: Metformin was the most frequently prescribed drug in diabetes. Prescription by Brand name is a matter of concern. Overall, monotherapy was found to be predominant over combination therapy. There was no significant increase in the prescribing of newer oral antidiabetic agents like GLP-1receptor inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors. glimepride + metformin combination was the most commonly prescribed combination.
{"title":"Assessment of drug utilization pattern of antidiabetic drugs in type-2 diabetes outpatient of a tertiary care teaching hospital western Rajasthan","authors":"S. Tanwar, A. Acharya, Najmul Hasan","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211017","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Glycemic control remains the major therapeutic objective for prevention of target organ damage and other complications arising from diabetes. Poor glycemic control in diabetes mellitus can be prevented by using rational use of oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA). Rational use of the drugs in populations can be effectively evaluated using drug utilization studies. Methods: The present study was conducted in the outpatient departments of General Medicine at Sardar Patel Medical College associated group of PBM Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital. It was a cross sectional prospective study carried out over a period of four months from September 2020 to January 2020. Patients were enrolled on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Total 300 patient prescription patterns were studied, out of which 58.33% were males and 41.66% were females. Most of the patients were in the age group of 51-60 years. Average number of anti-diabetic drugs per prescription was found to be 1.99. biguanides was the most commonly prescribed drug (97%) as mono therapy and combination therapy followed by sulfonylureas (65.6%), DPP 4 inhibitors (24%) Majority of the patients (66%) were on multidrug therapy. Conclusions: Metformin was the most frequently prescribed drug in diabetes. Prescription by Brand name is a matter of concern. Overall, monotherapy was found to be predominant over combination therapy. There was no significant increase in the prescribing of newer oral antidiabetic agents like GLP-1receptor inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors. glimepride + metformin combination was the most commonly prescribed combination.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"93 1","pages":"368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85021022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211029
Mounika Yedlapalli, Sai Kiran, S. Potti, A Devikala, Chandrakala Kambar
Background: Covid-19 has been announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. To maintain social distancing effectively, the Government of India announced a complete lockdown on March 25th, 2020. As there are no proper transport facilities for patients who need health care services, the Government of Andhra Pradesh started 104 sevakendram as a helpline. Medical services were also provided by this 104 sevakendram through teleconsultation with doctors. The aim and objectives of the study were to study the disease pattern and treatment given to patients attending teleconsultations, to analyze the disease burden among the patients attending teleconsultation, to study the treatment given to the patients attending teleconsultation. Methods: It is a retrospective, observational, and analytical study. After prior IEC clearance and permission from teleconsultation authority, we did the study at Dr.YSR Aarogyasri health care trust, Guntur. Data regarding all calls connected to 104 was collected. Detailed information of the calls related to the Medical officer about the age, gender, disease pattern, and treatment given to the patient was collected. Statistical analysis was done using MS excel software. Results: On average, 104 sevakendram received two hundred valid teleconsultations per day. Most of the calls are related to anxiety and these calls constitute twenty four percent. Treatment given was according to probable diagnosis, mostly symptomatic and continuation of the same treatment. Conclusions: 104 sevakendram has played a vital role in meeting the medical and health requirements of the people suffering from different diseases during the lockdown period.
{"title":"A study on disease burden and treatment among patients attending teleconsultation during lockdown period","authors":"Mounika Yedlapalli, Sai Kiran, S. Potti, A Devikala, Chandrakala Kambar","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211029","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Covid-19 has been announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. To maintain social distancing effectively, the Government of India announced a complete lockdown on March 25th, 2020. As there are no proper transport facilities for patients who need health care services, the Government of Andhra Pradesh started 104 sevakendram as a helpline. Medical services were also provided by this 104 sevakendram through teleconsultation with doctors. The aim and objectives of the study were to study the disease pattern and treatment given to patients attending teleconsultations, to analyze the disease burden among the patients attending teleconsultation, to study the treatment given to the patients attending teleconsultation. Methods: It is a retrospective, observational, and analytical study. After prior IEC clearance and permission from teleconsultation authority, we did the study at Dr.YSR Aarogyasri health care trust, Guntur. Data regarding all calls connected to 104 was collected. Detailed information of the calls related to the Medical officer about the age, gender, disease pattern, and treatment given to the patient was collected. Statistical analysis was done using MS excel software. Results: On average, 104 sevakendram received two hundred valid teleconsultations per day. Most of the calls are related to anxiety and these calls constitute twenty four percent. Treatment given was according to probable diagnosis, mostly symptomatic and continuation of the same treatment. Conclusions: 104 sevakendram has played a vital role in meeting the medical and health requirements of the people suffering from different diseases during the lockdown period.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"587 1","pages":"434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78938274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211033
S. Kaur, Harminder Singh, K. Kaur
The Wuhan city, the capital of Hubei province in China became the focal point for origin of virulent disease which later named as COVID-19. This paper aims to analyze the on-going clinical trials for drugs/interventions used for treatment of COVID-19 infection in open domain. The data on ongoing clinical trials on COVID-19 was retrieved from database clinicaltrials.gov. The data extracted includes national clinical trial registry number, title of study, recruitment status, results availability, intervention, outcome measure, sponsorship, study types, study design, start and completion dates, and location. All the extracted data was analyzed. As on 10th August 2020, a total of 2935 trials were registered in different countries. Of which 1115 trials are being conducted in Europe and 640 in United States of America (USA). Majority of COVID-19 clinical trials (95%) were enrolling all age groups including children and older adults. Similarly, majority of trials were including both genders (97%). Among all these clinical trials ongoing on COVID-19, 1645 were interventional, 1266 were observational studies. In interventional study 876 trials used drug intervention. Among all these trials 390 different drug interventions are being tried. Among these hydroxychloroquine, antiretrovirals and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were top three drug groups. The conduct of clinical trials in time of pandemic have so many tenacious issues that need to be addressed. It is very important to utilize the resources efficiently such as following a standard protocol then one can easily pool the data of various trials conducted at various places. Given the smaller sample sizes, long completion period, high risk of bias and imprecise information, it will take quite a long time to obtain high quality clinical evidence for the treatment of COVID-19 infection.
{"title":"Compilation of registered clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 infection","authors":"S. Kaur, Harminder Singh, K. Kaur","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211033","url":null,"abstract":"The Wuhan city, the capital of Hubei province in China became the focal point for origin of virulent disease which later named as COVID-19. This paper aims to analyze the on-going clinical trials for drugs/interventions used for treatment of COVID-19 infection in open domain. The data on ongoing clinical trials on COVID-19 was retrieved from database clinicaltrials.gov. The data extracted includes national clinical trial registry number, title of study, recruitment status, results availability, intervention, outcome measure, sponsorship, study types, study design, start and completion dates, and location. All the extracted data was analyzed. As on 10th August 2020, a total of 2935 trials were registered in different countries. Of which 1115 trials are being conducted in Europe and 640 in United States of America (USA). Majority of COVID-19 clinical trials (95%) were enrolling all age groups including children and older adults. Similarly, majority of trials were including both genders (97%). Among all these clinical trials ongoing on COVID-19, 1645 were interventional, 1266 were observational studies. In interventional study 876 trials used drug intervention. Among all these trials 390 different drug interventions are being tried. Among these hydroxychloroquine, antiretrovirals and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors were top three drug groups. The conduct of clinical trials in time of pandemic have so many tenacious issues that need to be addressed. It is very important to utilize the resources efficiently such as following a standard protocol then one can easily pool the data of various trials conducted at various places. Given the smaller sample sizes, long completion period, high risk of bias and imprecise information, it will take quite a long time to obtain high quality clinical evidence for the treatment of COVID-19 infection.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":"457"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86443440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211012
U. Gawali, P. Mishra, Salman H. Rizvi, S. Kaur
Background: The illness due to psychiatric diseases and behavioral disorders is enormous, but it remains under represented by conventional public health statistics; which mainly targets mortality more than morbidity or dysfunction. The drug utilization study was conducted to find out problems and provide feedback to prescribers so as to create awareness about irrational use of drugs. This study was conducted in psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with department of psychiatry in a tertiary care hospital. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria visiting psychiatric OPD from 01 October 2018 to 31 December 2018 period of 3 months were enrolled in the study. Assessment of the prescriptions was done as per the ICD-10 criteria and World Health Organization-indicators for rational use of drugs (WHO-INRUD). Results: Among total 390 prescriptions; 71.54% was males and 28.46% were females. All the drugs were oral formulations. The burden of diseases are depression 35.89%, anxiety 20.51%, schizophrenia 18.97% and bipolar disorder 11.28% and other psychiatric diseases were 13.33%. Olanzapine was the most common drug which was prescribed followed by alprazolam. Total 1,140 drugs were prescribed out of which 86.32% was psychotropic drug and 13.68% were other like vitamin B-complex, analgesics, anta-acids, antibiotics and NSAIDS. The Most common prescribed class was atypical antipsychotics 26.31% followed by benzodiazepines 20.26%, antipsychotics 19.74%, tricyclic antidepressants 8.16%, anticonvulsants 9.21%, antiepileptics 2.37% and lastly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Conclusions: Atypical antipsychotics was most commonly prescribed drug followed by benzodiazepines. All the drugs were prescribed by their generic names which suggests awareness among prescribers regarding WHO policies for generic prescribing.
{"title":"Drug utilization study in patients visiting psychiatric OPD in tertiary care hospital","authors":"U. Gawali, P. Mishra, Salman H. Rizvi, S. Kaur","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The illness due to psychiatric diseases and behavioral disorders is enormous, but it remains under represented by conventional public health statistics; which mainly targets mortality more than morbidity or dysfunction. The drug utilization study was conducted to find out problems and provide feedback to prescribers so as to create awareness about irrational use of drugs. This study was conducted in psychiatry outpatient department (OPD) of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with department of psychiatry in a tertiary care hospital. Patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria visiting psychiatric OPD from 01 October 2018 to 31 December 2018 period of 3 months were enrolled in the study. Assessment of the prescriptions was done as per the ICD-10 criteria and World Health Organization-indicators for rational use of drugs (WHO-INRUD). Results: Among total 390 prescriptions; 71.54% was males and 28.46% were females. All the drugs were oral formulations. The burden of diseases are depression 35.89%, anxiety 20.51%, schizophrenia 18.97% and bipolar disorder 11.28% and other psychiatric diseases were 13.33%. Olanzapine was the most common drug which was prescribed followed by alprazolam. Total 1,140 drugs were prescribed out of which 86.32% was psychotropic drug and 13.68% were other like vitamin B-complex, analgesics, anta-acids, antibiotics and NSAIDS. The Most common prescribed class was atypical antipsychotics 26.31% followed by benzodiazepines 20.26%, antipsychotics 19.74%, tricyclic antidepressants 8.16%, anticonvulsants 9.21%, antiepileptics 2.37% and lastly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Conclusions: Atypical antipsychotics was most commonly prescribed drug followed by benzodiazepines. All the drugs were prescribed by their generic names which suggests awareness among prescribers regarding WHO policies for generic prescribing.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"24 1","pages":"342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77400014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211024
J. K. Kairi, M. Kaur
Background: Transfusion of whole blood or blood products are a clinical necessity in numerous clinical conditions. Blood donated from healthy human volunteers is the only method currently available to acquire blood transfusion and production of blood products. Donor history questionnaire (DHQ) contributes immensely to ensure safe blood donation. The aim was to compare the donor history questionnaire for blood donation deferral of various regions and organizations with that of World Health Organization (WHO). Methods: An extensive internet search for donor history questionnaires (DHQ) for blood donation deferral of different regions, countries and organization was conducted. Seven such forms were found which could be downloaded. A critical analysis of these forms was conducted based on history pertaining to use of medicines, disease history or procedure undergone recently. A comparative analysis was conducted finally with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on the issue of donor screening and deferral. Descriptive analysis was done for comparison of donor history questionnaires in regards to drugs taken, disease history and invasive procedures performed. Results: After the analysis of the DHQs, we found that despite many similarities, there were significant differences in the questionnaires. The differences were more with respect to questions asked about the medicines, both traditional as well as modern. Conclusions: DHQs analysed by us revealed wide variations in their enquiry from potential donors about exposure to prescription medicines as well as the disease history. A suggestion is that more questions related to alternative medicines, nutraceuticals and other similar xenobiotic should be included.
{"title":"How uniform is donor history questionnaire for screening potential blood donors: a critical analysis","authors":"J. K. Kairi, M. Kaur","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211024","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transfusion of whole blood or blood products are a clinical necessity in numerous clinical conditions. Blood donated from healthy human volunteers is the only method currently available to acquire blood transfusion and production of blood products. Donor history questionnaire (DHQ) contributes immensely to ensure safe blood donation. The aim was to compare the donor history questionnaire for blood donation deferral of various regions and organizations with that of World Health Organization (WHO). Methods: An extensive internet search for donor history questionnaires (DHQ) for blood donation deferral of different regions, countries and organization was conducted. Seven such forms were found which could be downloaded. A critical analysis of these forms was conducted based on history pertaining to use of medicines, disease history or procedure undergone recently. A comparative analysis was conducted finally with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations on the issue of donor screening and deferral. Descriptive analysis was done for comparison of donor history questionnaires in regards to drugs taken, disease history and invasive procedures performed. Results: After the analysis of the DHQs, we found that despite many similarities, there were significant differences in the questionnaires. The differences were more with respect to questions asked about the medicines, both traditional as well as modern. Conclusions: DHQs analysed by us revealed wide variations in their enquiry from potential donors about exposure to prescription medicines as well as the disease history. A suggestion is that more questions related to alternative medicines, nutraceuticals and other similar xenobiotic should be included.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":"409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79839583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211023
K. Aggarwal, N. Singh, N. Bala, Manjit Singh
Background: Oxidative stress has a well-documented role in pathophysiology of depression. Decrease in levels of vitamin C, an antioxidant, has also been reported in major depressive patients. This study was conducted to assess the association of vitamin C deficiency with major depressive disorder and any change in clinical response to antidepressant therapy with vitamin C co-administration vis-a-vis baseline vitamin C level status. Methods: This study was a prospective, interventional, parallel, randomized and open label study. Sixty patients diagnosed as a case of major depressive disorder in accordance to ICD-10 criteria were enrolled after taking a written informed consent. Two clinical scales namely Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and clinical global impressionillness severity (CGI-S) scale were used for assessment and monitoring. Results: Vitamin C deficient subjects had relatively severe disease as assessed by HDRS and CGI-S scales. A highly significant (p<0.001) reduction was observed in HDRS and CGI-S scores in vitamin C deficient and insufficient groups with supplementation. A statistically insignificant (p>0.05) reduction was seen in HDRS and CGI-I scores in vitamin C sufficient group while also showing a comparatively milder disease. Conclusions: Vitamin C deficiency was found to have a direct relation with severity of illness, as those patients who had insufficient and sufficient vitamin C levels at recruitment were found to exhibit milder symptoms compared to those who were vitamin C deficient. With treatment, greater improvement was observed in those patients who were deficient at the outset.
{"title":"Major depressive disorder: association with vitamin C levels and role of vitamin C supplementation in pharmacotherapy","authors":"K. Aggarwal, N. Singh, N. Bala, Manjit Singh","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211023","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oxidative stress has a well-documented role in pathophysiology of depression. Decrease in levels of vitamin C, an antioxidant, has also been reported in major depressive patients. This study was conducted to assess the association of vitamin C deficiency with major depressive disorder and any change in clinical response to antidepressant therapy with vitamin C co-administration vis-a-vis baseline vitamin C level status. Methods: This study was a prospective, interventional, parallel, randomized and open label study. Sixty patients diagnosed as a case of major depressive disorder in accordance to ICD-10 criteria were enrolled after taking a written informed consent. Two clinical scales namely Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and clinical global impressionillness severity (CGI-S) scale were used for assessment and monitoring. Results: Vitamin C deficient subjects had relatively severe disease as assessed by HDRS and CGI-S scales. A highly significant (p<0.001) reduction was observed in HDRS and CGI-S scores in vitamin C deficient and insufficient groups with supplementation. A statistically insignificant (p>0.05) reduction was seen in HDRS and CGI-I scores in vitamin C sufficient group while also showing a comparatively milder disease. Conclusions: Vitamin C deficiency was found to have a direct relation with severity of illness, as those patients who had insufficient and sufficient vitamin C levels at recruitment were found to exhibit milder symptoms compared to those who were vitamin C deficient. With treatment, greater improvement was observed in those patients who were deficient at the outset.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"22 1","pages":"403"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80025396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211030
A. Puranik
Ceftriaxone, a broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin antibiotic and sulbactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. The combination is used for pre-operative surgical prophylaxis for prevention is secondary bacterial infection. We describe a patient who developed anaphylaxis and death soon after intravenous administration of ceftriaxone and sulbactam combination and review similar cases of adverse effects to these class of drugs. The patient was a 68 year old male admitted to surgery ward for obstructed inguinal hernia. He was prescribed injection ceftriaxone and sulbactam combination along with concomitant medication injection pantoprazole and injection metronidazole. The patient was injected injection ceftriaxone and sulbactam, within 15 minutes he suddenly developed anaphylactic shock and died for fluid aspiration in lungs during resuscitation. PubMed was searched for the following terms: anaphylaxis, ceftriaxone, sulbactam. The papers containing these terms and their references were reviewed. Anaphylactic shock caused by ceftriaxone is an uncommon adverse event in patients receiving the drug. However, similar reactions have been observed in some cases in India and world-wide. Clinicians should be aware that anaphylaxis secondary to ceftriaxone and sulbactam combination is a serious death threatening side-effect.
{"title":"Ceftraixone induced anaphylaxis and death: a case report","authors":"A. Puranik","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211030","url":null,"abstract":"Ceftriaxone, a broad spectrum third generation cephalosporin antibiotic and sulbactam is a beta-lactamase inhibitor. The combination is used for pre-operative surgical prophylaxis for prevention is secondary bacterial infection. We describe a patient who developed anaphylaxis and death soon after intravenous administration of ceftriaxone and sulbactam combination and review similar cases of adverse effects to these class of drugs. The patient was a 68 year old male admitted to surgery ward for obstructed inguinal hernia. He was prescribed injection ceftriaxone and sulbactam combination along with concomitant medication injection pantoprazole and injection metronidazole. The patient was injected injection ceftriaxone and sulbactam, within 15 minutes he suddenly developed anaphylactic shock and died for fluid aspiration in lungs during resuscitation. PubMed was searched for the following terms: anaphylaxis, ceftriaxone, sulbactam. The papers containing these terms and their references were reviewed. Anaphylactic shock caused by ceftriaxone is an uncommon adverse event in patients receiving the drug. However, similar reactions have been observed in some cases in India and world-wide. Clinicians should be aware that anaphylaxis secondary to ceftriaxone and sulbactam combination is a serious death threatening side-effect.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"43 1","pages":"442"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78714095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211021
Hansraj Kumar, A. Chandra, U. P. Keshri, R. Kumar
Background: Depression is a group of disorders results from a combination of multiple etiologic factorsgenetic, biochemical, psychodynamic and socio-environmental. A depression consists of following clinical features as sadness, apathy, changes in sleep pattern, impaired concentration, feeling of shame or guilt and thoughts of dying or death. Fluoxetine and riluzole both are used for the treatment of depression in human being. Fluoxetine is SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and riluzole is anxiolytic and mood stabilizer. Methods: Healthy male albino rats weighing between 150-200 grams were taken for the present study. Study animals were divided into three groups randomly with each group consisting of ten animals. Drugs were powdered with help of mortar and pestle and mixed in gum acacia solution. Appropriate volume of the freshly prepared solution was administered orally daily between 9 am to 10 am to all animal as per their individual body weight. Group A administered 1ml of 0.9% normal saline orally and serves as control group. Group B administered 0.4 mg of fluoxetine orally. Group C administered 2 mg of riluzole orally. Animals were evaluated for antidepressant activity using modelforced swimming test. Results: The results in the forced swimming test were assessed by duration of immobility in last 4 minutes of total 6 minute test duration. Antidepressant activity is indicated by the reduction in the duration of immobility i.e. lesser the duration more the efficacy. The results have been expressed as mean±standard deviation of duration of immobility in seconds during 6 minute period. Conclusions: There was significant difference in antidepressant activity of fluoxetine with antidepressant activity of riluzole. Riluzole showed antidepressant activity after two weeks of starting the drugs.
{"title":"Evaluation of the comparison of anti-depressant effects of oral fluoxetine and riluzole in albino rats by using the forced swimming test model","authors":"Hansraj Kumar, A. Chandra, U. P. Keshri, R. Kumar","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211021","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Depression is a group of disorders results from a combination of multiple etiologic factorsgenetic, biochemical, psychodynamic and socio-environmental. A depression consists of following clinical features as sadness, apathy, changes in sleep pattern, impaired concentration, feeling of shame or guilt and thoughts of dying or death. Fluoxetine and riluzole both are used for the treatment of depression in human being. Fluoxetine is SSRI (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) and riluzole is anxiolytic and mood stabilizer. Methods: Healthy male albino rats weighing between 150-200 grams were taken for the present study. Study animals were divided into three groups randomly with each group consisting of ten animals. Drugs were powdered with help of mortar and pestle and mixed in gum acacia solution. Appropriate volume of the freshly prepared solution was administered orally daily between 9 am to 10 am to all animal as per their individual body weight. Group A administered 1ml of 0.9% normal saline orally and serves as control group. Group B administered 0.4 mg of fluoxetine orally. Group C administered 2 mg of riluzole orally. Animals were evaluated for antidepressant activity using modelforced swimming test. Results: The results in the forced swimming test were assessed by duration of immobility in last 4 minutes of total 6 minute test duration. Antidepressant activity is indicated by the reduction in the duration of immobility i.e. lesser the duration more the efficacy. The results have been expressed as mean±standard deviation of duration of immobility in seconds during 6 minute period. Conclusions: There was significant difference in antidepressant activity of fluoxetine with antidepressant activity of riluzole. Riluzole showed antidepressant activity after two weeks of starting the drugs.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"82 1","pages":"391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79108401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211010
S. Mudenda, M. Mukosha, C. Mwila, Z. Saleem, A. Kalungia, D. Munkombwe, V. Daka, B. Witika, M. Kampamba, C. Hikaambo, M. Sadiq, M. Chileshe, M. Kasanga, W. Mufwambi, R. Mfune, S. Matafwali, Paul Odlon Masebe, L. Muungo, A. Bwalya, R. M. Kampamba, Ellah Zingani, D. Banda, E. Sintema, Akash Gupta, N. Abdulrahman, Jimmy M. Hangoma, M. N. Phiri, Dainess Hang’andu, Moses Ngazimbi, F. Mudenda, M. Banda, E. Kazonga
Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students. Methods: We conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia from August to September 2020. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05). Results: A response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical activity 45.4% time. Factors that affected mental health included; reduced family care (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.09-4.74), not changing attention to mental health (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18-0.62), being in the final year of study (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13-0.84), reduced time of resting (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.26-3.50) and feeling helpless (OR: 0.42; 95% CI:0.23-0.75). Conclusions: COVID-19 negatively impacted the mental health and physical activity of pharmacy students at the University of Zambia. This can have negative health and academic outcomes for students going forward. Higher learning institutions and key stakeholders should implement measures to aid students to recover from the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health and physical activity.
{"title":"Impact of the coronavirus disease on the mental health and physical activity of pharmacy students at the University of Zambia: a cross-sectional study","authors":"S. Mudenda, M. Mukosha, C. Mwila, Z. Saleem, A. Kalungia, D. Munkombwe, V. Daka, B. Witika, M. Kampamba, C. Hikaambo, M. Sadiq, M. Chileshe, M. Kasanga, W. Mufwambi, R. Mfune, S. Matafwali, Paul Odlon Masebe, L. Muungo, A. Bwalya, R. M. Kampamba, Ellah Zingani, D. Banda, E. Sintema, Akash Gupta, N. Abdulrahman, Jimmy M. Hangoma, M. N. Phiri, Dainess Hang’andu, Moses Ngazimbi, F. Mudenda, M. Banda, E. Kazonga","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a serious global health problem that has negatively impacted the mental health of students. Methods: We conducted an online descriptive cross-sectional study among 273 undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia from August to September 2020. A partial proportional odds regression model was used to determine the predictors of anxiety. All statistical tests were set at 95% confidence level (p<0.05). Results: A response rate of 70% was obtained with the majority of the students being female 51.6%. Of the 273 respondents, 23.8% did not experience anxiety, 34.4% experienced mild anxiety, 24.9% experienced moderate anxiety while 16.9% experienced severe anxiety about COVID-19. It was also found that 61.2% of students reported that their attention to mental health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic whereas 44.3% reported an increased resting time with a significant reduction in relaxation 51.3% and physical activity 45.4% time. Factors that affected mental health included; reduced family care (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.09-4.74), not changing attention to mental health (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.18-0.62), being in the final year of study (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13-0.84), reduced time of resting (OR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.26-3.50) and feeling helpless (OR: 0.42; 95% CI:0.23-0.75). Conclusions: COVID-19 negatively impacted the mental health and physical activity of pharmacy students at the University of Zambia. This can have negative health and academic outcomes for students going forward. Higher learning institutions and key stakeholders should implement measures to aid students to recover from the impact of COVID-19 on their mental health and physical activity.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"35 1","pages":"324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85853870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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