Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211642
K. Bharani, R. Vohra, R. Bharani, Chhaya Goyal, P. Reddy
Background: All the patients with diabetic nephropathy have inherent hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension leads to deterioration in the kidney disease speedily. Aims and objectives were to analyze the prescription of antihypertensive agents in the treatment of hypertension in diabetic nephropathy patients on hemodialysis. Methods: The study was conducted on diabetic nephropathy patients on maintenance hemodialysis, in Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore (M.P.). We had included 73 diabetic nephropathy patients on maintenance hemodialysis, who provided their consent for participation in the study. Pearson coefficient of correlation was used for finding the correlation. Unpaired ‘t’ test was applied for intergroup mean comparison. A p value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Total 73 diabetic nephropathy patients were included, with 80.8% being males. Mean age was 57.74±8.44 years. Mean duration of dialysis was 32.06±35.84 months. Calcium channel blockers was given in 91.8% patients, followed by beta blockers in 61.6%. Other antihypertensives used had lower prevalence. 65.8% patients required combination of 1-3 antihypertensives, 24.7% required 4-5 antihypertensives for control of hypertension. The mean number of antihypertensive medications was comparable between the two genders (p>0.05). An inverse and statistically not significant correlation was seen between duration of dialysis; age and use of multiple antihypertensive medications (p>0.05). Conclusions: A strong association has been reported by many between hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. It is imperative that hypertension is well controlled in all the patients of diabetic nephropathy. This will slow down the progression of kidney disease and improve the quality of life in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
{"title":"Prescription of antihypertensive agents in the treatment of hypertension in diabetic nephropathy patients on hemodialysis","authors":"K. Bharani, R. Vohra, R. Bharani, Chhaya Goyal, P. Reddy","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211642","url":null,"abstract":"Background: All the patients with diabetic nephropathy have inherent hypertension and uncontrolled hypertension leads to deterioration in the kidney disease speedily. Aims and objectives were to analyze the prescription of antihypertensive agents in the treatment of hypertension in diabetic nephropathy patients on hemodialysis. Methods: The study was conducted on diabetic nephropathy patients on maintenance hemodialysis, in Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore (M.P.). We had included 73 diabetic nephropathy patients on maintenance hemodialysis, who provided their consent for participation in the study. Pearson coefficient of correlation was used for finding the correlation. Unpaired ‘t’ test was applied for intergroup mean comparison. A p value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Total 73 diabetic nephropathy patients were included, with 80.8% being males. Mean age was 57.74±8.44 years. Mean duration of dialysis was 32.06±35.84 months. Calcium channel blockers was given in 91.8% patients, followed by beta blockers in 61.6%. Other antihypertensives used had lower prevalence. 65.8% patients required combination of 1-3 antihypertensives, 24.7% required 4-5 antihypertensives for control of hypertension. The mean number of antihypertensive medications was comparable between the two genders (p>0.05). An inverse and statistically not significant correlation was seen between duration of dialysis; age and use of multiple antihypertensive medications (p>0.05). Conclusions: A strong association has been reported by many between hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. It is imperative that hypertension is well controlled in all the patients of diabetic nephropathy. This will slow down the progression of kidney disease and improve the quality of life in patients with diabetic nephropathy.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"35 1","pages":"495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82445486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211643
Rosme David, D. George, Shalini Chandra, V. Marwaha, P. Palatty
Background: Doctors alone must be capable of taking ultimate responsibilities for making decisions in clinical uncertainties. A right clinical judgement and management was the ultimate priority for health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of our study was to access knowledge about COVID-19 treatment among the final year bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (MBBS) students and interns and thereby to understand the information seeking behaviour. Methods: Multicentric cross-sectional questionnaire-based study among the final year MBBS students and interns. The google form questionnaire was sent to the participants through whatsapp or mail. The questions were related to the drugs, the precautionary measures and the dead body disposal in COVID-19. Attitude regarding seeking information about the new disease, updated treatment guidelines as well as the preferred resource materials was also studied. The sample size was calculated based on a pilot study. Results: Out of 316 participants, 30.7% had good, 53.2% had adequate and 16.1% had inadequate knowledge regarding the updated treatment guidelines. In one of the questions about hydroxychloroquine, 51.5% final year MBBS students (n=200) and 63.8% interns (n=116) responded correctly (p<0.034). 65.4% gathered information by self-directed learning through various sources. 45.8% gathered information from social media while 44.4% read printed materials and 39.3% heard online/offline lectures. Conclusions: We conclude that the final year MBBS students and interns have satisfactory knowledge about COVID19 treatment. Interns had better awareness than the final year MBBS students. Retaining the theoretical knowledge during internship will make the young doctors more confident while practicing.
{"title":"Final year medical students versus interns: information seeking behaviour about COVID-19 therapy in India","authors":"Rosme David, D. George, Shalini Chandra, V. Marwaha, P. Palatty","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211643","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Doctors alone must be capable of taking ultimate responsibilities for making decisions in clinical uncertainties. A right clinical judgement and management was the ultimate priority for health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of our study was to access knowledge about COVID-19 treatment among the final year bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (MBBS) students and interns and thereby to understand the information seeking behaviour. Methods: Multicentric cross-sectional questionnaire-based study among the final year MBBS students and interns. The google form questionnaire was sent to the participants through whatsapp or mail. The questions were related to the drugs, the precautionary measures and the dead body disposal in COVID-19. Attitude regarding seeking information about the new disease, updated treatment guidelines as well as the preferred resource materials was also studied. The sample size was calculated based on a pilot study. Results: Out of 316 participants, 30.7% had good, 53.2% had adequate and 16.1% had inadequate knowledge regarding the updated treatment guidelines. In one of the questions about hydroxychloroquine, 51.5% final year MBBS students (n=200) and 63.8% interns (n=116) responded correctly (p<0.034). 65.4% gathered information by self-directed learning through various sources. 45.8% gathered information from social media while 44.4% read printed materials and 39.3% heard online/offline lectures. Conclusions: We conclude that the final year MBBS students and interns have satisfactory knowledge about COVID19 treatment. Interns had better awareness than the final year MBBS students. Retaining the theoretical knowledge during internship will make the young doctors more confident while practicing.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"24 1","pages":"500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83692674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-26DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211651
Deepali J. Jaybhaye, S. Chandra, S. Johar, Abhijit Nagre
Background: Cough is protective reflex caused by obstruction or irritation of airway. Many medication available for the treatment of dry cough. But it causes sedation and drowsiness in children. Considering the adverse effects produce by the medication, we consider this study as the ginger and honey is used in Indian family, and in Ayurveda ginger and honey is used for treatment of dry and productive cough. Methods: We include the patients who attended the pediatric OPD complaining dry cough. We design the questionnaire and for the measuring the severity of dry cough. We divide the patient into four groups received standard treatment and ginger and honey mixture. We compared the end result with standard treatment statistically by using unpaired student “t” test was used along with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: We include 100 patient in this study. We got amazing result of this study ginger and honey required less time for recovery and also sedation and drowsiness not occurred in the ginger and honey group as compared to dextromethorphan (p value ˂0.005). Conclusions: After seeing above encouraging result, and along with advantage of natural product with no adverse we can advise the honey and ginger therapy for treatment of dry cough.
{"title":"Comparative effect of mixture of ginger and honey with dextromethorphan in dry cough in children","authors":"Deepali J. Jaybhaye, S. Chandra, S. Johar, Abhijit Nagre","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211651","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cough is protective reflex caused by obstruction or irritation of airway. Many medication available for the treatment of dry cough. But it causes sedation and drowsiness in children. Considering the adverse effects produce by the medication, we consider this study as the ginger and honey is used in Indian family, and in Ayurveda ginger and honey is used for treatment of dry and productive cough. Methods: We include the patients who attended the pediatric OPD complaining dry cough. We design the questionnaire and for the measuring the severity of dry cough. We divide the patient into four groups received standard treatment and ginger and honey mixture. We compared the end result with standard treatment statistically by using unpaired student “t” test was used along with two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Results: We include 100 patient in this study. We got amazing result of this study ginger and honey required less time for recovery and also sedation and drowsiness not occurred in the ginger and honey group as compared to dextromethorphan (p value ˂0.005). Conclusions: After seeing above encouraging result, and along with advantage of natural product with no adverse we can advise the honey and ginger therapy for treatment of dry cough.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"48 1","pages":"545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85105854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211018
Ajitha Pottirayil, S. S., S. Kannoth, P. Prasad, S. K. B. Jaikar, L. Reddy
Background: COVID-19 patients experience cytokine storm which cause pulmonary and extra-pulmonary complications even with currently available of standard of care. Additional antiviral and immune boosters are the need of hour to treat COVID-19 and to prevent post covid complications. Methods: In this study we enrolled 40 asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients to receive azadvir herbal steam inhaler along with standard of care. We evaluated the benefits of azadvir herbal steam inhaler by assessing RT-PCR conversion, clinical outcomes and improvement in immune markers (LDH, CRP, D-DIMER). Results: At the end of the study the immune markers improved significantly in study patients. In mild symptomatic cases IL-6 was 23.2 pg/ml on day 0 and 21.8 pg/ml on day 14. Reduction in IL-6 in mild symptomatic patients was statistically highly significant (p=0.0056). Mean IL-6 in asymptomatic patients was 22.3 pg/ml on day 0 and 21.1 pg/ml on day 14. Reduction in IL-6 in asymptomatic patients was statistically highly significant (p=0.0035). Mean D-dimer was showing decreasing trend from day 0 to day 14 in mild symptomatic patients. In asymptomatic patients D dimer was 0.8 μg/ml on day 0 and 0.6 μg/ml on day 14. D-dimer decreased significantly from day 0 to day 14 (p value =0.0013). Mean LDH values on day 0 in mild symptomatic patients was 319.4 U/l and 219.3 on day 14. The reduction in LDH values in mild symptomatic patients is statistically significant (p value <0.0122). In asymptomatic patients mean LDH values on day 0 was 237 U/l and 194 U/l on day 14. The reduction in LDH values in asymptomatic group was statistically significant. Mean CRP values in mild symptomatic patients on day 0 was 12.2 mg/l and 3.8 mg/l on day 14. There was significant reduction in CRP values in mild symptomatic group which was statistically significant (p value =0.0546). Mean CRP values in asymptomatic patients on day 0 was 4.9 mg/l and 2.8 mg/l on day 14. There was significant reduction in mean CRP in asymptomatic patients which was statistically significant (p value =0.0446). In the present study all 40 patients (100%) cleared the virus and became negative for RT PCR test within 6 days. None of the patients progressed to severe COVID-19 and none of the patients succumbed to the disease. Conclusions: Azadvir accelerated recovery of COVID-19 patients by RT-PCR conversion, early improvement in clinical symptoms and immune markers in this study. This study results clearly indicates that azadvir has antiviral, immune booster activity and has definitive role in the management of asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients along with standard of care (CTRI no. CTRI/2020/06/026181).
{"title":"A prospective, open label clinical study to evaluate the safety, efficacy and tolerability of azadvir herbal steam inhaler in asymptomatic, mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients and health care workers posted to covid wards","authors":"Ajitha Pottirayil, S. S., S. Kannoth, P. Prasad, S. K. B. Jaikar, L. Reddy","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 patients experience cytokine storm which cause pulmonary and extra-pulmonary complications even with currently available of standard of care. Additional antiviral and immune boosters are the need of hour to treat COVID-19 and to prevent post covid complications. Methods: In this study we enrolled 40 asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients to receive azadvir herbal steam inhaler along with standard of care. We evaluated the benefits of azadvir herbal steam inhaler by assessing RT-PCR conversion, clinical outcomes and improvement in immune markers (LDH, CRP, D-DIMER). Results: At the end of the study the immune markers improved significantly in study patients. In mild symptomatic cases IL-6 was 23.2 pg/ml on day 0 and 21.8 pg/ml on day 14. Reduction in IL-6 in mild symptomatic patients was statistically highly significant (p=0.0056). Mean IL-6 in asymptomatic patients was 22.3 pg/ml on day 0 and 21.1 pg/ml on day 14. Reduction in IL-6 in asymptomatic patients was statistically highly significant (p=0.0035). Mean D-dimer was showing decreasing trend from day 0 to day 14 in mild symptomatic patients. In asymptomatic patients D dimer was 0.8 μg/ml on day 0 and 0.6 μg/ml on day 14. D-dimer decreased significantly from day 0 to day 14 (p value =0.0013). Mean LDH values on day 0 in mild symptomatic patients was 319.4 U/l and 219.3 on day 14. The reduction in LDH values in mild symptomatic patients is statistically significant (p value <0.0122). In asymptomatic patients mean LDH values on day 0 was 237 U/l and 194 U/l on day 14. The reduction in LDH values in asymptomatic group was statistically significant. Mean CRP values in mild symptomatic patients on day 0 was 12.2 mg/l and 3.8 mg/l on day 14. There was significant reduction in CRP values in mild symptomatic group which was statistically significant (p value =0.0546). Mean CRP values in asymptomatic patients on day 0 was 4.9 mg/l and 2.8 mg/l on day 14. There was significant reduction in mean CRP in asymptomatic patients which was statistically significant (p value =0.0446). In the present study all 40 patients (100%) cleared the virus and became negative for RT PCR test within 6 days. None of the patients progressed to severe COVID-19 and none of the patients succumbed to the disease. Conclusions: Azadvir accelerated recovery of COVID-19 patients by RT-PCR conversion, early improvement in clinical symptoms and immune markers in this study. This study results clearly indicates that azadvir has antiviral, immune booster activity and has definitive role in the management of asymptomatic to mild COVID-19 patients along with standard of care (CTRI no. CTRI/2020/06/026181).","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"47 1","pages":"373"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85467172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211019
Sharat Venkat Reddy Kallem, P. Harichandana, C. Bhavya, N. K. Thota
Background: Pemetrexed (PEM) is a new-generation multitargeted antifolate agent that has been shown to have broadspectrum efficacy in a variety of human cancers, including NSCLC and mesothelioma. Dose-limiting hematologic toxicities are among the most serious side effects. PEM nephrotoxicity is well-known, but its occurrence is thought to be rare. Aim was to determine nephrotoxicity induced due to pemetrexed in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Methods: In patients with the NSCLC, we record a retrospective review on PEMinduced renal toxicity. A total of 327 NSCLC patients were treated in our hospital between 2012 and 2019. Of these, 134 patients were diagnosed with 2 or more chemotherapy cycles. 60 of these patients have been diagnosed with combination of antineoplastic drugs based on pemetrexed and platinum. Others were removed from the study and were also required to be tested for other potential causes of renal injury. Results: Suitable statistical tools were used and data was analysed which showed that repeated chemo cycles of pemetrexed leads to the reversible acute kidney injury. With the results from our study we can understand the severity of nephrotoxicity induced with pemetrexed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Most of the patients were in the first and second stages of nephrotoxicity and most of them were male. Majority of the patients were also above 40 years of age and also endured more than 4 chemo cycles. Conclusions: It shows that PEM allows longer survival, but acute or chronic kidney failure is the price for this achievement. In conclusion, renal toxicity should be controlled routinely in patients treated with pemetrexed. Before each cycle of pemetrexed, creatinine clearance should be measured. Patients need to be well hydrated during treatment. The patient should also be tested for concomitant medications, and any nephrotoxic symptoms should be reviewed and those drugs removed.
{"title":"A retrospective study on pemetrexed induced nephrotoxicity in non-small cell lung carcinoma patients","authors":"Sharat Venkat Reddy Kallem, P. Harichandana, C. Bhavya, N. K. Thota","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211019","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pemetrexed (PEM) is a new-generation multitargeted antifolate agent that has been shown to have broadspectrum efficacy in a variety of human cancers, including NSCLC and mesothelioma. Dose-limiting hematologic toxicities are among the most serious side effects. PEM nephrotoxicity is well-known, but its occurrence is thought to be rare. Aim was to determine nephrotoxicity induced due to pemetrexed in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Methods: In patients with the NSCLC, we record a retrospective review on PEMinduced renal toxicity. A total of 327 NSCLC patients were treated in our hospital between 2012 and 2019. Of these, 134 patients were diagnosed with 2 or more chemotherapy cycles. 60 of these patients have been diagnosed with combination of antineoplastic drugs based on pemetrexed and platinum. Others were removed from the study and were also required to be tested for other potential causes of renal injury. Results: Suitable statistical tools were used and data was analysed which showed that repeated chemo cycles of pemetrexed leads to the reversible acute kidney injury. With the results from our study we can understand the severity of nephrotoxicity induced with pemetrexed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Most of the patients were in the first and second stages of nephrotoxicity and most of them were male. Majority of the patients were also above 40 years of age and also endured more than 4 chemo cycles. Conclusions: It shows that PEM allows longer survival, but acute or chronic kidney failure is the price for this achievement. In conclusion, renal toxicity should be controlled routinely in patients treated with pemetrexed. Before each cycle of pemetrexed, creatinine clearance should be measured. Patients need to be well hydrated during treatment. The patient should also be tested for concomitant medications, and any nephrotoxic symptoms should be reviewed and those drugs removed.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"133 1","pages":"381"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78550876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211009
Pramod D. Shankpal, Priyanka M. Tawte
Background: Initial stage of seizure is due to high frequency burst of action potential, caused by long lasting depolarization of the neuronal membrane because of large influx of calcium (Ca) ions into cells. As there is role of calcium channels in the initiation of seizure potential, there may be role of calcium channel antagonists in treatment of epilepsy. Therefore, we assessed the anticonvulsant effect of nimodipine and amlodipine in mice and compared it with phenytoin and sodium valproate. Methods: A total 42 mice were randomly divided into 7 groups with 6 mice each. Group 1 vehicle (1% CMC), group 2phenytoin (25 mg/kg) and group 3sodium valproate (100 mg/kg) p.o. group 4 and 5nimodipine (4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg), group 6 and 7amlodipine (0.7 mg/kg and 1.3 mg/kg) p.o. in 1% CMC. All animals were tested for convulsions with current strength 50 mA for 0.2 seconds, delivered by ear electrodes of electroconvulsiometer. Parameters assessed were presence or absence of convulsions, onset of (latency to) THLE and duration of THLE in seconds, 24 hours mortality. Results: The difference in percentage of mice being protected from electro convulsions was found to be statistically significant in group 5 (nimodipine 8 mg/kg), group 7 (amlodipine 1.3 mg/kg) as compared to group 1(vehicle control) (p= 0.0152). Onset of (latency to) THLE and duration of THLE, expressed as mean (in seconds) ± standard deviation (SD) and analysed using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test showed significant difference in latency to THLE among the groups tested (p value <0.01) and in duration of THLE among the groups tested (p value <0.01), while posthoc Dunn’s test showed a statistically significant difference between latency to and duration of THLE in the nimodipine 8 mg/kg and amlodipine 1.3 mg/kg groups as compared to vehicle control group (p<0.01). No mortality seen within 24 hours of testing in any group. Conclusions: Nimodipine 8 mg/kg and amlodipine 1.3 mg/kg showed significant anticonvulsant activity (absence of tonic hind limb extension), delayed onset of seizures, reduced duration of seizures comparable to positive control (phenytoin and sodium valproate) and more effective than vehicle control.
{"title":"Evaluation of the anticonvulsant effect of nimodipine and amlodipine in mice using maximal electroshock test","authors":"Pramod D. Shankpal, Priyanka M. Tawte","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Initial stage of seizure is due to high frequency burst of action potential, caused by long lasting depolarization of the neuronal membrane because of large influx of calcium (Ca) ions into cells. As there is role of calcium channels in the initiation of seizure potential, there may be role of calcium channel antagonists in treatment of epilepsy. Therefore, we assessed the anticonvulsant effect of nimodipine and amlodipine in mice and compared it with phenytoin and sodium valproate. Methods: A total 42 mice were randomly divided into 7 groups with 6 mice each. Group 1 vehicle (1% CMC), group 2phenytoin (25 mg/kg) and group 3sodium valproate (100 mg/kg) p.o. group 4 and 5nimodipine (4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg), group 6 and 7amlodipine (0.7 mg/kg and 1.3 mg/kg) p.o. in 1% CMC. All animals were tested for convulsions with current strength 50 mA for 0.2 seconds, delivered by ear electrodes of electroconvulsiometer. Parameters assessed were presence or absence of convulsions, onset of (latency to) THLE and duration of THLE in seconds, 24 hours mortality. Results: The difference in percentage of mice being protected from electro convulsions was found to be statistically significant in group 5 (nimodipine 8 mg/kg), group 7 (amlodipine 1.3 mg/kg) as compared to group 1(vehicle control) (p= 0.0152). Onset of (latency to) THLE and duration of THLE, expressed as mean (in seconds) ± standard deviation (SD) and analysed using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test showed significant difference in latency to THLE among the groups tested (p value <0.01) and in duration of THLE among the groups tested (p value <0.01), while posthoc Dunn’s test showed a statistically significant difference between latency to and duration of THLE in the nimodipine 8 mg/kg and amlodipine 1.3 mg/kg groups as compared to vehicle control group (p<0.01). No mortality seen within 24 hours of testing in any group. Conclusions: Nimodipine 8 mg/kg and amlodipine 1.3 mg/kg showed significant anticonvulsant activity (absence of tonic hind limb extension), delayed onset of seizures, reduced duration of seizures comparable to positive control (phenytoin and sodium valproate) and more effective than vehicle control.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"11 1","pages":"317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88640813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211015
K. Bharani, R. Bharani, R. Vohra, Chhaya Goyal, P. Reddy
Background: The majority of the patients with chronic kidney disease stage V on hemodialysis have been found to have hypertension and many studies have recommended that hypertension should be essentially controlled in these patients for better clinical outcome. But till now no study analyzing the relationship between antihypertensive medication and the demographics of the patient has been done, so with this objective in mind the present study was carried out. Aim and objectives were to analyse the types of antihypertensive being used in CKD stage V patients on hemodialysis and their relationship with the demographic variables. Methods: The present observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore (M.P.) from 01 January 2018 to 31 March 2018 on patients with chronic kidney disease stage V on hemodialysis. The demographic variables evaluated were age, sex, basic disease and duration of dialysis. The relationship with type of antihypertensive being used and these demographic variables was calculated using Pearson Chi-square test. A p value of<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Diabetic nephropathy, CIN-CKD 5d, CGN-CKD 5d and hypertensive nephropathy were the commonest basic diseases in our study. Calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, ATRB, centrally acting antihypertensive, ACE inhibitors were the commonest antihypertensive used. Statistically significant relationship was seen between antihypertensive and basic disease (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study revealed that all the antihypertensive medications are prescribed on the basis of basic disease while other demographic variables do not play a vital role prescribing antihypertensive in patients with CKD stage V on haemodialysis. And the prescription of antihypertensive medications also matches with the actual clinical practice.
{"title":"Type of antihypertensive medications in CKD-stage V patients on hemodialysis and its relationship with demographic variables: an observational study","authors":"K. Bharani, R. Bharani, R. Vohra, Chhaya Goyal, P. Reddy","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The majority of the patients with chronic kidney disease stage V on hemodialysis have been found to have hypertension and many studies have recommended that hypertension should be essentially controlled in these patients for better clinical outcome. But till now no study analyzing the relationship between antihypertensive medication and the demographics of the patient has been done, so with this objective in mind the present study was carried out. Aim and objectives were to analyse the types of antihypertensive being used in CKD stage V patients on hemodialysis and their relationship with the demographic variables. Methods: The present observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Sri Aurobindo Institute of Medical Sciences, Indore (M.P.) from 01 January 2018 to 31 March 2018 on patients with chronic kidney disease stage V on hemodialysis. The demographic variables evaluated were age, sex, basic disease and duration of dialysis. The relationship with type of antihypertensive being used and these demographic variables was calculated using Pearson Chi-square test. A p value of<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Diabetic nephropathy, CIN-CKD 5d, CGN-CKD 5d and hypertensive nephropathy were the commonest basic diseases in our study. Calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, ATRB, centrally acting antihypertensive, ACE inhibitors were the commonest antihypertensive used. Statistically significant relationship was seen between antihypertensive and basic disease (p<0.05). Conclusions: The study revealed that all the antihypertensive medications are prescribed on the basis of basic disease while other demographic variables do not play a vital role prescribing antihypertensive in patients with CKD stage V on haemodialysis. And the prescription of antihypertensive medications also matches with the actual clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"99 1","pages":"357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85853095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211022
P. Ahluwalia, M. Baig, A. Awargaonkar, V. S. Nandedkar
Background: Drug utilisation studies in present clinical practice have played significant role to promote rational drug use in the current health care system. The aim of present study was to analyse the prescribing pattern of drugs for various ocular conditions in Ophthalmology Department of Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Methods: Study was prospective, observational open label and descriptive clinical study which included 100 patients in OPD and IPD during November 2018 to February 2019 fulfilling inclusion criteria. Results: Out of the 100 study subjects, 56% were males and 46% were females, with the maximum number of patients falling in the age group 61-80 years. 38.26% patients received antibiotics as most prescribed drug while 69 % patients received analgesics and 47% anti-inflammatory. Among the antibiotics prescribed, fluoroquinolones were the most prescribed antimicrobial class. WHO prescribing indicators as analysed from the data collected were: average number of drugs per prescriptions was 3.79. Percentage of medicines prescribed by branded name33.79% and generic were 66.21%. 54% of the total drugs prescribed were from the National List of Essential Medicines 2017. Conclusions: Ocular ailments and conditions are frequently associated with high levels of utilization of drugs for their treatment. Thus, analysis of utilization of these drugs becomes very essential. In the present study, the drugs prescribed at our tertiary care hospital were found rational.
{"title":"Drug utilization study in ophthalmology department at a tertiary care hospital","authors":"P. Ahluwalia, M. Baig, A. Awargaonkar, V. S. Nandedkar","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211022","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug utilisation studies in present clinical practice have played significant role to promote rational drug use in the current health care system. The aim of present study was to analyse the prescribing pattern of drugs for various ocular conditions in Ophthalmology Department of Government Medical College and Hospital, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Methods: Study was prospective, observational open label and descriptive clinical study which included 100 patients in OPD and IPD during November 2018 to February 2019 fulfilling inclusion criteria. Results: Out of the 100 study subjects, 56% were males and 46% were females, with the maximum number of patients falling in the age group 61-80 years. 38.26% patients received antibiotics as most prescribed drug while 69 % patients received analgesics and 47% anti-inflammatory. Among the antibiotics prescribed, fluoroquinolones were the most prescribed antimicrobial class. WHO prescribing indicators as analysed from the data collected were: average number of drugs per prescriptions was 3.79. Percentage of medicines prescribed by branded name33.79% and generic were 66.21%. 54% of the total drugs prescribed were from the National List of Essential Medicines 2017. Conclusions: Ocular ailments and conditions are frequently associated with high levels of utilization of drugs for their treatment. Thus, analysis of utilization of these drugs becomes very essential. In the present study, the drugs prescribed at our tertiary care hospital were found rational.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"26 1","pages":"396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81644263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211028
U. Gawali, Parmeshwar B. Gholve, Salman H. Rizvi, P. Mishra
Background: Bronchial asthma is a social and economic healthcare burden. Drug Utilization studies can play a key role in helping the healthcare system to understand, interpret and improve the prescribing administration & use of medications. Methods: A prospective, Cross-sectional, Observational study was conducted at inpatient and outpatient Department of Medicine and Paediatrics in tertiary health care centre. As per inclusion criteria, 127 patients with asthma were interviewed, and prescription data was recorded in a pre-designed case record form from 1 October 2018 to 31 December 2018. Results: A total of 127 prescriptions were studied. It was observed that majority of the study patients were in the age group of 40-50 years, with 83 (65.5%) males and 44 (34.6%) females. Most of the patients were of Mild intermittent asthma 65 (51.18 %) followed by patients with Mild persistent asthma 31 (24.40 %). 10 different anti-asthmatics drugs were prescribed along with adjunctive medicines. Most of the patients received multiple drug therapy 98 (77.16 %). Prevalence of two drug combination was the highest 74 (58.26 %) followed by monotherapy29 (22.83 %). Most common route of drug administration was inhalational route followed by oral route. β2 agonists and corticosteroids were the most commonly prescribed combination drugs followed by methylxanthines. 103 (81.10 %) prescription contains both generic and brand drugs compared to generic names only 16 (12.59 %) and brand names only 8 (6.29 %). Conclusions: This study concluded that the present prescribing practice in asthma therapy in tertiary care centre is not sufficiently rational. Hence, it is necessary to encourage physicians to follow asthma guidelines while managing asthmatic patients.
{"title":"Prescription pattern study of antiasthmatics drugs in tertiary care centre","authors":"U. Gawali, Parmeshwar B. Gholve, Salman H. Rizvi, P. Mishra","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211028","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Bronchial asthma is a social and economic healthcare burden. Drug Utilization studies can play a key role in helping the healthcare system to understand, interpret and improve the prescribing administration & use of medications. Methods: A prospective, Cross-sectional, Observational study was conducted at inpatient and outpatient Department of Medicine and Paediatrics in tertiary health care centre. As per inclusion criteria, 127 patients with asthma were interviewed, and prescription data was recorded in a pre-designed case record form from 1 October 2018 to 31 December 2018. Results: A total of 127 prescriptions were studied. It was observed that majority of the study patients were in the age group of 40-50 years, with 83 (65.5%) males and 44 (34.6%) females. Most of the patients were of Mild intermittent asthma 65 (51.18 %) followed by patients with Mild persistent asthma 31 (24.40 %). 10 different anti-asthmatics drugs were prescribed along with adjunctive medicines. Most of the patients received multiple drug therapy 98 (77.16 %). Prevalence of two drug combination was the highest 74 (58.26 %) followed by monotherapy29 (22.83 %). Most common route of drug administration was inhalational route followed by oral route. β2 agonists and corticosteroids were the most commonly prescribed combination drugs followed by methylxanthines. 103 (81.10 %) prescription contains both generic and brand drugs compared to generic names only 16 (12.59 %) and brand names only 8 (6.29 %). Conclusions: This study concluded that the present prescribing practice in asthma therapy in tertiary care centre is not sufficiently rational. Hence, it is necessary to encourage physicians to follow asthma guidelines while managing asthmatic patients.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"30 1","pages":"429"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87484589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-22DOI: 10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211020
U. Gawali, Salman H. Rizvi, P. Mishra
Background: Drug utilization study is of utmost importance in the elderly. The consumption of drug amongst elderly segment of society is maximum and many of them use at least three prescribed drugs, concurrently. One of the plausible explanation of usage of large number of medicines is prevalence of multi-morbidities as well as suffer from chronic and degenerative pathology amongst them along with the alteration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs are altered with advanced age. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess current prescribing practices among physicians for geriatric patients in tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Medicine in a tertiary healthcare hospital. As per inclusion criteria, patients visiting Medicine outpatient department (OPD) from 01 October 2018 to 31 December 2018 were enrolled in the study. Results: The average number of drugs per encounter was 4.1. 100% of the drugs were prescribed by their generic name and those prescribed from World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential medicines were 70.2%. Analysis of polypharmacy showed maximum 11 and minimum 1 drug was prescribed. Overall analysis of the drugs showed, the most common route of administration was orally. Drugs acting on cardiovascular system (CVS), gastrointestinal system (GI) system, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamins and mineral supplements constitute the major bulk of drug prescribed. Conclusions: In our study, though polypharmacy was found but it was necessary unavoidable, but was within the WHO standards of 1.6 to 4.8. Drugs acting on CVS and GI system were the most common drugs prescribed. Prescriptions with injections and steroids were less in the study population. All the drugs were prescribed by their generic name and most were present in the essential list of medicines.
{"title":"Drug utilization study in geriatric patients visiting medicine OPD in tertiary care hospital","authors":"U. Gawali, Salman H. Rizvi, P. Mishra","doi":"10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.IJBCP20211020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug utilization study is of utmost importance in the elderly. The consumption of drug amongst elderly segment of society is maximum and many of them use at least three prescribed drugs, concurrently. One of the plausible explanation of usage of large number of medicines is prevalence of multi-morbidities as well as suffer from chronic and degenerative pathology amongst them along with the alteration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs are altered with advanced age. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess current prescribing practices among physicians for geriatric patients in tertiary care hospital. Methods: A prospective, observational and cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Medicine in a tertiary healthcare hospital. As per inclusion criteria, patients visiting Medicine outpatient department (OPD) from 01 October 2018 to 31 December 2018 were enrolled in the study. Results: The average number of drugs per encounter was 4.1. 100% of the drugs were prescribed by their generic name and those prescribed from World Health Organization (WHO) list of essential medicines were 70.2%. Analysis of polypharmacy showed maximum 11 and minimum 1 drug was prescribed. Overall analysis of the drugs showed, the most common route of administration was orally. Drugs acting on cardiovascular system (CVS), gastrointestinal system (GI) system, analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamins and mineral supplements constitute the major bulk of drug prescribed. Conclusions: In our study, though polypharmacy was found but it was necessary unavoidable, but was within the WHO standards of 1.6 to 4.8. Drugs acting on CVS and GI system were the most common drugs prescribed. Prescriptions with injections and steroids were less in the study population. All the drugs were prescribed by their generic name and most were present in the essential list of medicines.","PeriodicalId":13898,"journal":{"name":"International journal of basic and clinical pharmacology","volume":"43 1","pages":"386"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80695677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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