Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105919
Erick Elejalde , Timur Naushirvanov , Kyriaki Kalimeri , Elisa Omodei , Márton Karsai , Loreto Bravo , Leo Ferres
This study examines behavioral responses after mobile phone evacuation alerts during the February 2024 wildfires in Valparaíso, Chile. Using anonymized mobile network data from 580,000 devices, we analyze population movement following emergency SMS notifications. Results reveal three key patterns: (1) initial alerts trigger immediate evacuation responses with connectivity dropping by 80% within 1.5 h, while subsequent messages show diminishing effects; (2) substantial evacuation also occurs in non-warned areas, indicating potential transportation congestion; (3) socioeconomic disparities exist in evacuation timing, with high-income areas evacuating faster and showing less differentiation between warned and non-warned locations. Statistical modeling demonstrates socioeconomic variations in both evacuation decision rates and recovery patterns. These findings inform emergency communication strategies for climate-driven disasters, highlighting the need for targeted alerts, socioeconomically calibrated messaging, and staged evacuation procedures to enhance public safety during crises.
{"title":"Use of mobile phone data to measure behavioral response to SMS evacuation alerts","authors":"Erick Elejalde , Timur Naushirvanov , Kyriaki Kalimeri , Elisa Omodei , Márton Karsai , Loreto Bravo , Leo Ferres","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines behavioral responses after mobile phone evacuation alerts during the February 2024 wildfires in Valparaíso, Chile. Using anonymized mobile network data from 580,000 devices, we analyze population movement following emergency SMS notifications. Results reveal three key patterns: (1) initial alerts trigger immediate evacuation responses with connectivity dropping by 80% within 1.5 h, while subsequent messages show diminishing effects; (2) substantial evacuation also occurs in non-warned areas, indicating potential transportation congestion; (3) socioeconomic disparities exist in evacuation timing, with high-income areas evacuating faster and showing less differentiation between warned and non-warned locations. Statistical modeling demonstrates socioeconomic variations in both evacuation decision rates and recovery patterns. These findings inform emergency communication strategies for climate-driven disasters, highlighting the need for targeted alerts, socioeconomically calibrated messaging, and staged evacuation procedures to enhance public safety during crises.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 105919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105920
Miguel Angel Alvarez Jaimes , Daniel Camilo Roman Quintero , Jose David Ortiz Contreras , Diego Fernando Bedoya Rios , Mauricio Alberto Tapias Camacho
The vulnerability to landslides depends on both the susceptibility of the exposed elements and the intensity of the landslide, which is commonly characterized by its motion mechanism. This study proposes a quantitative evaluation framework to assess the implications of using different models for predicting the landslide runout distance (LRD) on vulnerability, estimated through two distinct vulnerability functions. The analysis focuses on a debris flow that impacted a major highway in the Colombian Andes. The event, with a triggered volume of 340 m3, a runout of 84 m, and a vertical drop of 42 m, serves as a benchmark for evaluating model performance. The findings provide insights into the influence of material type, flow regime, and model uncertainty on LRD and vulnerability estimates. Empirical methods enabled rapid assessments but exhibited high variability (LRD errors up to 120 %). Analytical models, particularly the sliding block model, offered a balance between simplicity and physical realism, overestimating LRD by 14 % without calibration while also providing velocity estimates. Multidimensional (2D/3D) models, though resource-intensive, best reproduced the observed behavior; the 3D model closely matched the measured runout when calibrated with high-friction parameters and GIS-derived inputs. A benchmarking analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) identified the sliding block model as the most effective overall, combining accuracy, functionality, and usability. These results highlight that model selection should align with the intended application: empirical models for rapid screening, analytical models for design purposes, and multidimensional models for detailed vulnerability assessments.
{"title":"Implications of landslide runout modeling for vulnerability assessment: Benchmarking from a case study in the andean region","authors":"Miguel Angel Alvarez Jaimes , Daniel Camilo Roman Quintero , Jose David Ortiz Contreras , Diego Fernando Bedoya Rios , Mauricio Alberto Tapias Camacho","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vulnerability to landslides depends on both the susceptibility of the exposed elements and the intensity of the landslide, which is commonly characterized by its motion mechanism. This study proposes a quantitative evaluation framework to assess the implications of using different models for predicting the landslide runout distance (LRD) on vulnerability, estimated through two distinct vulnerability functions. The analysis focuses on a debris flow that impacted a major highway in the Colombian Andes. The event, with a triggered volume of 340 m<sup>3</sup>, a runout of 84 m, and a vertical drop of 42 m, serves as a benchmark for evaluating model performance. The findings provide insights into the influence of material type, flow regime, and model uncertainty on LRD and vulnerability estimates. Empirical methods enabled rapid assessments but exhibited high variability (LRD errors up to 120 %). Analytical models, particularly the sliding block model, offered a balance between simplicity and physical realism, overestimating LRD by 14 % without calibration while also providing velocity estimates. Multidimensional (2D/3D) models, though resource-intensive, best reproduced the observed behavior; the 3D model closely matched the measured runout when calibrated with high-friction parameters and GIS-derived inputs. A benchmarking analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) identified the sliding block model as the most effective overall, combining accuracy, functionality, and usability. These results highlight that model selection should align with the intended application: empirical models for rapid screening, analytical models for design purposes, and multidimensional models for detailed vulnerability assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 105920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reconstructing safer houses after disasters is essential for the resilience of vulnerable communities, but its dependence on household decision-making is underexplored. This study aims to identify which decision-making factors significantly contribute to housing safety after reconstruction to inform the design of effective reconstruction assistance. The study uses two types of linear regression analysis, with individual and composite variables, to assess the influence of household decision-making factors on the seismic resistance of rebuilt houses. Data was collected using a survey among 449 households and a structural assessment of their houses in 17 communities in Okhaldhunga district, three years after the 2015 Gorkha earthquakes in Nepal. Thematic analysis of the identified significant factors shows that: 1) access to construction resources such as masons or labourers and materials influences housing safety, 2) some types of construction knowledge foster, others hinder housing safety, 3) conditional financial resources are beneficial while financial limitations restricted safety, 4) households depending on business as a livelihood limits safety measures, 5) intrinsic motivation has a positive impact whereas extrinsic motivations reduce safety, 6) access to reconstruction assistance needs to be timely and practical. Identification of the main barriers and drivers is crucial for redesigning reconstruction assistance. This study calls for creating good opportunities to access professional knowledge and affordable materials. The study stresses the need for conditional financial resources, stimulation of intrinsic motivation, and special attention to business owners. Although this study has identified pathways toward safer housing, this does not guarantee long-term safety, satisfaction, or resilience.
{"title":"Identifying factors influencing housing safety in post-earthquake reconstruction by households in Nepal","authors":"Aditya Pradana Ganda Saputra , Nina Schwarz , Eefje Hendriks","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstructing safer houses after disasters is essential for the resilience of vulnerable communities, but its dependence on household decision-making is underexplored. This study aims to identify which decision-making factors significantly contribute to housing safety after reconstruction to inform the design of effective reconstruction assistance. The study uses two types of linear regression analysis, with individual and composite variables, to assess the influence of household decision-making factors on the seismic resistance of rebuilt houses. Data was collected using a survey among 449 households and a structural assessment of their houses in 17 communities in Okhaldhunga district, three years after the 2015 Gorkha earthquakes in Nepal. Thematic analysis of the identified significant factors shows that: 1) access to construction resources such as masons or labourers and materials influences housing safety, 2) some types of construction knowledge foster, others hinder housing safety, 3) conditional financial resources are beneficial while financial limitations restricted safety, 4) households depending on business as a livelihood limits safety measures, 5) intrinsic motivation has a positive impact whereas extrinsic motivations reduce safety, 6) access to reconstruction assistance needs to be timely and practical. Identification of the main barriers and drivers is crucial for redesigning reconstruction assistance. This study calls for creating good opportunities to access professional knowledge and affordable materials. The study stresses the need for conditional financial resources, stimulation of intrinsic motivation, and special attention to business owners. Although this study has identified pathways toward safer housing, this does not guarantee long-term safety, satisfaction, or resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 105913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105917
Mark Bebbington , Alexandre Dunant , David Harte , Stuart Mead , Melody Whitehead
Network models have been previously proposed for spatial cascades of natural hazard events. These have generally not taken time into account, with the cascade of events effectively assumed to occur instantaneously. This study introduces a dynamic, network-based stochastic model developed as a virtual testbed to simulate complex multihazard interactions between multiple temporal processes, often occurring on different time scales. Since state of the art physical models generally involve heavy computation, the use of computationally simple probability distributions to describe the dynamics and interaction of the hazard events enables a larger number of model simulations, promoting greater robustness of model forecasts. The network modelling approach aims to allow the identification of key elements of the system that are most vulnerable, develop risk mitigation strategies, and examine restoration plans. We exemplify our methodology by investigating impacts of volcanic ashfall on river flow dynamics in the Rangitaiki and Tarawera river systems in New Zealand, simulating hydrological processes over a 365-day period with a volcanic eruption. Our results demonstrate how testbeds can be use to explore “what-if” cascading impacts scenarios, by providing a flexible, computationally efficient framework, offering crucial support for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in volcanic regions.
{"title":"Including dynamics in a network-based stochastic multihazard model: A virtual testbed for volcanic ashfall and flood risk assessment","authors":"Mark Bebbington , Alexandre Dunant , David Harte , Stuart Mead , Melody Whitehead","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Network models have been previously proposed for spatial cascades of natural hazard events. These have generally not taken time into account, with the cascade of events effectively assumed to occur instantaneously. This study introduces a dynamic, network-based stochastic model developed as a virtual testbed to simulate complex multihazard interactions between multiple temporal processes, often occurring on different time scales. Since state of the art physical models generally involve heavy computation, the use of computationally simple probability distributions to describe the dynamics and interaction of the hazard events enables a larger number of model simulations, promoting greater robustness of model forecasts. The network modelling approach aims to allow the identification of key elements of the system that are most vulnerable, develop risk mitigation strategies, and examine restoration plans. We exemplify our methodology by investigating impacts of volcanic ashfall on river flow dynamics in the Rangitaiki and Tarawera river systems in New Zealand, simulating hydrological processes over a 365-day period with a volcanic eruption. Our results demonstrate how testbeds can be use to explore “what-if” cascading impacts scenarios, by providing a flexible, computationally efficient framework, offering crucial support for Disaster Risk Management (DRM) in volcanic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 105917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105916
Arielle Kaim , Nieves Amat Camacho , Hannah von Reding , Bruria Adini , Eugeniu Conovali , Johan von Schreeb , Sergey Boyarskiy , Antony Chenhall , Moran Bodas , Oleg Storozhenko
As disasters grow in frequency and complexity, the need for well-prepared Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) has become increasingly urgent. To support capacity-building efforts in the WHO European Region, this study assessed existing EMT training resources, gaps, and opportunities for knowledge exchange. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 71 stakeholders, including EMT Team Focal Points, National Focal Points, and WHO Collaborating Centers, capturing 94 training packages across diverse EMT types. Results revealed substantial variability in training availability by audience type, with clinical personnel—particularly doctors and nurses—receiving greater access than non-clinical roles such as logistics, WASH, and information management specialists. Regional disparities were also observed, with significant differences in access across sub-regions. Simulation-based training, defined objectives, pre/post-training evaluations, and documented curricula were significantly associated with higher perceived training effectiveness. Encouragingly, most stakeholders expressed willingness to share training resources, highlighting a potential for enhanced cross-border collaboration. However, the lack of standardized curricula and variable training quality remain barriers to interoperability. These findings underscore the need for a unified, evidence-based training framework across the region to strengthen EMT preparedness, harmonize practices, and close capacity gaps. Establishing centralized repositories, promoting simulation-based learning, and expanding access to high-quality training—especially for underrepresented roles—are key priorities. This study contributes critical insights for strengthening the region's collective disaster medical response capabilities.
{"title":"Bridging gaps in Emergency Medical Team (EMT) capacity strengthening activities in the WHO European region","authors":"Arielle Kaim , Nieves Amat Camacho , Hannah von Reding , Bruria Adini , Eugeniu Conovali , Johan von Schreeb , Sergey Boyarskiy , Antony Chenhall , Moran Bodas , Oleg Storozhenko","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As disasters grow in frequency and complexity, the need for well-prepared Emergency Medical Teams (EMTs) has become increasingly urgent. To support capacity-building efforts in the WHO European Region, this study assessed existing EMT training resources, gaps, and opportunities for knowledge exchange. A cross-sectional survey was administered to 71 stakeholders, including EMT Team Focal Points, National Focal Points, and WHO Collaborating Centers, capturing 94 training packages across diverse EMT types. Results revealed substantial variability in training availability by audience type, with clinical personnel—particularly doctors and nurses—receiving greater access than non-clinical roles such as logistics, WASH, and information management specialists. Regional disparities were also observed, with significant differences in access across sub-regions. Simulation-based training, defined objectives, pre/post-training evaluations, and documented curricula were significantly associated with higher perceived training effectiveness. Encouragingly, most stakeholders expressed willingness to share training resources, highlighting a potential for enhanced cross-border collaboration. However, the lack of standardized curricula and variable training quality remain barriers to interoperability. These findings underscore the need for a unified, evidence-based training framework across the region to strengthen EMT preparedness, harmonize practices, and close capacity gaps. Establishing centralized repositories, promoting simulation-based learning, and expanding access to high-quality training—especially for underrepresented roles—are key priorities. This study contributes critical insights for strengthening the region's collective disaster medical response capabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 105916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105915
Keri K. Stephens, Mir Rabby, Matthew S. McGlone
Vehicle-related flood fatalities are common, and past research has largely focused on psychological, experiential, and sociodemographic factors that contribute to driver safety behavior. Less is known about how flood-related road signs and messages are understood and acted on. This study (n = 1027) addresses that gap by examining how three factors—past exposure to warning signs, comprehension of those signs, and exposure to flood-related risk messages—affect drivers' decisions to turn around after encountering flood warning signs (e.g., Turn Around Don't Drown). Findings show that past exposure to two different flood-safety signs commonly found in the United States encourage safer driving. People with flood experience are five times more likely to turn their car around than others without this experience. Adults 55 years and older are three times more likely to turn around than young adults, and females are also more likely turn around than males. Finally, those who reported stronger risk affect were about 25 % more likely to turn their car around. Contributions underscore the critical role of static road signage and risk messaging in shaping driver behavior. We offer several recommendations for future research and public safety and risk managers.
{"title":"Communicating safety: The impact of warning signs and messages on reducing risky driving in flood conditions","authors":"Keri K. Stephens, Mir Rabby, Matthew S. McGlone","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle-related flood fatalities are common, and past research has largely focused on psychological, experiential, and sociodemographic factors that contribute to driver safety behavior. Less is known about how flood-related road signs and messages are understood and acted on. This study (<em>n</em> = 1027) addresses that gap by examining how three factors—past exposure to warning signs, comprehension of those signs, and exposure to flood-related risk messages—affect drivers' decisions to turn around after encountering flood warning signs (e.g., Turn Around Don't Drown). Findings show that past exposure to two different flood-safety signs commonly found in the United States encourage safer driving. People with flood experience are five times more likely to turn their car around than others without this experience. Adults 55 years and older are three times more likely to turn around than young adults, and females are also more likely turn around than males. Finally, those who reported stronger risk affect were about 25 % more likely to turn their car around. Contributions underscore the critical role of static road signage and risk messaging in shaping driver behavior. We offer several recommendations for future research and public safety and risk managers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 105915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145584258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105912
Md Zakaria Salim , Yi Qiang , Barnali Dixon , Sofía Sahagún-Covarrubias , Eugene Yan
Flooding is one of the costliest and most frequent hazards, particularly in coastal areas. Common flood maps have been criticized for outdated data, limited spatial coverage, and inaccuracy. This study evaluates the accuracy of four official flood maps, including FEMA's 100-year flood zone, Fathom's 100-year and 500-year maps, and FDEM evacuation zones during the 2024 Hurricane Helene in Pinellas County, Florida. High-resolution, camera-based water level monitoring provided real-time ground-truth flood data for validation. Land use and population grids were integrated to estimate affected area and exposure. FEMA's flood maps showed the best recall but overestimated particularly inland and vulnerable communities. The FDEM evacuation map demonstrated higher precision and closely aligned with observed flood patterns. However, Fathom's flood maps consistently underestimated coastal flooding. Both FEMA and FDEM maps revealed significant discrepancies in accuracy across disadvantaged communities. This raises concerns over limitations of current official flood maps and the need for localized flood modeling approaches.
{"title":"Did official flood maps work in Hurricane Helene? Systematic evaluation of official flood maps with ground-truth observations","authors":"Md Zakaria Salim , Yi Qiang , Barnali Dixon , Sofía Sahagún-Covarrubias , Eugene Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flooding is one of the costliest and most frequent hazards, particularly in coastal areas. Common flood maps have been criticized for outdated data, limited spatial coverage, and inaccuracy. This study evaluates the accuracy of four official flood maps, including FEMA's 100-year flood zone, Fathom's 100-year and 500-year maps, and FDEM evacuation zones during the 2024 Hurricane Helene in Pinellas County, Florida. High-resolution, camera-based water level monitoring provided real-time ground-truth flood data for validation. Land use and population grids were integrated to estimate affected area and exposure. FEMA's flood maps showed the best recall but overestimated particularly inland and vulnerable communities. The FDEM evacuation map demonstrated higher precision and closely aligned with observed flood patterns. However, Fathom's flood maps consistently underestimated coastal flooding. Both FEMA and FDEM maps revealed significant discrepancies in accuracy across disadvantaged communities. This raises concerns over limitations of current official flood maps and the need for localized flood modeling approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 105912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105904
Kim A. Johnston , Anne B. Lane , Barbara Ryan
The concept of 'community' is central to disaster risk reduction, yet it remains theoretically underdeveloped and inconsistently applied across disciplines and practice. This study addresses this gap by examining how individuals affected by the 2022 floods in Queensland, Australia conceptualized 'community' and enacted its roles during the disaster. Drawing on 52 in-depth interviews, the research identifies five distinct community types and explores their formation contexts, activation patterns, and contributions to preparedness, response, and recovery. While communities of place, interest, practice, and Virtual/Networked communities, are well-documented in the literature, this study introduces the concept of pop-up communities: ephemeral, situationally emergent collectives that mobilize rapidly in response to disasters. These communities challenge static, place- and interest-based models by highlighting the temporal and relational dynamics of social capital mobilization in response to temporally situated, community-identified needs. By integrating sociological and relational perspectives, the paper extends existing community theory and presents a refined typology and conceptual framework for understanding community dynamics in disaster contexts. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing pop-up community formations and their embedded resources to enhance resilience and inform more adaptive, inclusive, and community-centered disaster management strategies.
{"title":"Ephemeral and pop-up communities in disasters: Conceptualizing community temporality","authors":"Kim A. Johnston , Anne B. Lane , Barbara Ryan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The concept of 'community' is central to disaster risk reduction, yet it remains theoretically underdeveloped and inconsistently applied across disciplines and practice. This study addresses this gap by examining how individuals affected by the 2022 floods in Queensland, Australia conceptualized 'community' and enacted its roles during the disaster. Drawing on 52 in-depth interviews, the research identifies five distinct community types and explores their formation contexts, activation patterns, and contributions to preparedness, response, and recovery. While communities of place, interest, practice, and Virtual/Networked communities, are well-documented in the literature, this study introduces the concept of pop-up communities: ephemeral, situationally emergent collectives that mobilize rapidly in response to disasters. These communities challenge static, place- and interest-based models by highlighting the temporal and relational dynamics of social capital mobilization in response to temporally situated, community-identified needs. By integrating sociological and relational perspectives, the paper extends existing community theory and presents a refined typology and conceptual framework for understanding community dynamics in disaster contexts. The findings underscore the importance of recognizing pop-up community formations and their embedded resources to enhance resilience and inform more adaptive, inclusive, and community-centered disaster management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 105904"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105911
Jiachang Tu , Nigel K. Downes , Gebhard Warth , Olabisi Sakirat Obaitor , Andrea Reimuth , Nivedita Sairam , Do Ly Hoai Tan , Hong Quan Nguyen , Heidi Kreibich , Matthias Garschagen
Flood vulnerability in rapidly urbanizing cities is not only a function of hazard exposure but is also produced through the social and spatial configurations of urban life. In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, we examine how household-level vulnerability is shaped by the intersection of urban morphology and everyday socio-economic conditions. Drawing on 554 households in 2020 and 2023, we develop groups based on both indices and profiles of social vulnerability and flood exposure, using factor analysis of mixed data and hierarchical clustering. These are situated within two distinct morphological frameworks: Urban Structure Types and Local Climate Zones. Our analysis shows, first, that household groups are unevenly distributed across morphologies, reflecting underlying urban development stages or regional climate conditions. Second, vulnerability is not fixed but relative, shifting across space and time in relation to social differentiation and morphological context. Third, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many households reported greater resilience, linked to improved warning systems, reduced flood events, and enhanced collective organization. We argue that interpreting vulnerability through both morphology and social profiling illuminates the entanglement of urban form, inequality, and adaptation, offering new entry points for inclusive resilience planning in flood-prone megacities.
{"title":"Exploring the relationship between urban morphology types and household-level flood vulnerability profiles in Ho Chi Minh city","authors":"Jiachang Tu , Nigel K. Downes , Gebhard Warth , Olabisi Sakirat Obaitor , Andrea Reimuth , Nivedita Sairam , Do Ly Hoai Tan , Hong Quan Nguyen , Heidi Kreibich , Matthias Garschagen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood vulnerability in rapidly urbanizing cities is not only a function of hazard exposure but is also produced through the social and spatial configurations of urban life. In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, we examine how household-level vulnerability is shaped by the intersection of urban morphology and everyday socio-economic conditions. Drawing on 554 households in 2020 and 2023, we develop groups based on both indices and profiles of social vulnerability and flood exposure, using factor analysis of mixed data and hierarchical clustering. These are situated within two distinct morphological frameworks: Urban Structure Types and Local Climate Zones. Our analysis shows, first, that household groups are unevenly distributed across morphologies, reflecting underlying urban development stages or regional climate conditions. Second, vulnerability is not fixed but relative, shifting across space and time in relation to social differentiation and morphological context. Third, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many households reported greater resilience, linked to improved warning systems, reduced flood events, and enhanced collective organization. We argue that interpreting vulnerability through both morphology and social profiling illuminates the entanglement of urban form, inequality, and adaptation, offering new entry points for inclusive resilience planning in flood-prone megacities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"131 ","pages":"Article 105911"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper details the development and implementation of Volcano Voices, an interactive mapping methodology designed to collect environmental data and disseminate research findings ethically within communities affected by natural hazards. It focuses on Voces de Chaitén, a case study in Chaitén, Chile, as part of a broader effort to memorialise past disasters in the territory and to raise awareness of geological hazards.
The methodology involves creating an interactive map with 360° images enriched with community narratives, scientific insights, and multimedia content. This approach significantly enhances data collection by providing a visually immersive context for interviews, improving the precision of geolocated information, and fostering a more natural dialogue. Furthermore, it counters scientific extractivism by returning research outputs in a user-friendly format, empowering local voices, and integrating diverse perspectives on an equal footing.
The major conclusion is that Volcano Voices offers a cost-effective, flexible, and easily deployable tool adaptable to various research and educational contexts. Its iterative, co-development process, coupled with open-source code, enables effective knowledge exchange, promotes hazard awareness, and contributes to more equitable research practices in disaster risk research.
本文详细介绍了火山之声的发展和实施，这是一种交互式制图方法，旨在收集环境数据，并在受自然灾害影响的社区中以道德方式传播研究成果。它的重点是在智利chait的一个案例研究——Voces de chait，作为纪念该地区过去的灾难和提高对地质灾害意识的更广泛努力的一部分。该方法包括创建一个带有360°图像的交互式地图，丰富了社区叙述、科学见解和多媒体内容。这种方法通过为访谈提供视觉上的沉浸式环境，提高地理信息的准确性，并促进更自然的对话，大大增强了数据收集。此外，它还通过以用户友好的形式返回研究成果、增强地方声音以及在平等的基础上整合不同的观点来反对科学榨取主义。主要结论是，火山之声提供了一种经济、灵活且易于部署的工具，适用于各种研究和教育环境。它的迭代、共同开发过程与开源代码相结合，实现了有效的知识交流，促进了对灾害的认识，并有助于灾害风险研究中更公平的研究实践。
{"title":"Volcano Voices, a cost-effective tool to collect and share narratives on the environment. An example from Chaitén, Chile","authors":"Julie Morin , Martin Lucas-Smith , Rory Walshe , Constanza Perales , Loreto Anfrus , Amy Donovan , Laura Bono , Lucy Bigam , Lis Gallant , Álvaro Amigo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper details the development and implementation of <em>Volcano Voices</em>, an interactive mapping methodology designed to collect environmental data and disseminate research findings ethically within communities affected by natural hazards. It focuses on <em>Voces de Chaitén</em>, a case study in Chaitén, Chile, as part of a broader effort to memorialise past disasters in the territory and to raise awareness of geological hazards.</div><div>The methodology involves creating an interactive map with 360° images enriched with community narratives, scientific insights, and multimedia content. This approach significantly enhances data collection by providing a visually immersive context for interviews, improving the precision of geolocated information, and fostering a more natural dialogue. Furthermore, it counters scientific extractivism by returning research outputs in a user-friendly format, empowering local voices, and integrating diverse perspectives on an equal footing.</div><div>The major conclusion is that <em>Volcano Voices</em> offers a cost-effective, flexible, and easily deployable tool adaptable to various research and educational contexts. Its iterative, co-development process, coupled with open-source code, enables effective knowledge exchange, promotes hazard awareness, and contributes to more equitable research practices in disaster risk research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"133 ","pages":"Article 105908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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