Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104877
Business as usual project management practice may not be applicable in the recovery of the built environment following a disaster. Unfortunately, little research has been undertaken to understand the nature of post-disaster recovery projects and the requirements for their success in the Caribbean. The Caribbean islands' exposure and susceptibility to natural hazards make it essential to understand what constitutes successful post-disaster reconstruction. By drawing on end-users’ perspectives in four Caribbean islands (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, St. Vincent) through a quantitative survey and factor analysis, this paper identifies critical factors that determine successful outcomes with post-disaster Caribbean recovery projects. The factor analysis results from the survey responses on 24 empirical success factors suggests four composite Caribbean specific critical success factors, namely, 1) effective management of project knowledge, 2) environment and ecosystem stewardship, 3) stakeholder engagements at multiple levels, and 4) efficient management of financial, social and human resources. The findings from this research can assist with minimising the recurring post-disaster reconstruction projects, project financing donors and managers with an understanding of the issues that matter most to the region success, and realising the end-users’ (the beneficiaries) expectations. Mainstreaming these factors into project planning and execution, and adopting resilience-oriented project management practices, augers well for managing Caribbean disaster reconstruction projects for greater success.
{"title":"Determining the critical factors for realising successful post-disaster reconstruction projects in the Caribbean","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Business as usual project management practice may not be applicable in the recovery of the built environment following a disaster. Unfortunately, little research has been undertaken to understand the nature of post-disaster recovery projects and the requirements for their success in the Caribbean. The Caribbean islands' exposure and susceptibility to natural hazards make it essential to understand what constitutes successful post-disaster reconstruction. By drawing on end-users’ perspectives in four Caribbean islands (Antigua, Dominica, Grenada, St. Vincent) through a quantitative survey and factor analysis, this paper identifies critical factors that determine successful outcomes with post-disaster Caribbean recovery projects. The factor analysis results from the survey responses on 24 empirical success factors suggests four composite Caribbean specific critical success factors, namely, 1) effective management of project knowledge, 2) environment and ecosystem stewardship, 3) stakeholder engagements at multiple levels, and 4) efficient management of financial, social and human resources. The findings from this research can assist with minimising the recurring post-disaster reconstruction projects, project financing donors and managers with an understanding of the issues that matter most to the region success, and realising the end-users’ (the beneficiaries) expectations. Mainstreaming these factors into project planning and execution, and adopting resilience-oriented project management practices, augers well for managing Caribbean disaster reconstruction projects for greater success.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104879
Researchers commonly employ the concept of social capital to examine how people engage with disaster risk reduction. This approach has generated useful knowledge to improve the effectiveness of disaster risk reduction for the general population. However, disaster risk reduction knowledge and practices designed for the general population might not speak to Vietnamese migrants because they do not reflect Vietnamese cultural practices and norms. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting findings from a narrative inquiry into Vietnamese migrants’ experiences of disaster risk reduction in the Wellington Region, Aotearoa New Zealand. The participants’ narratives suggest that Vietnamese migrants employ bonding and bridging social capital to gain knowledge about natural hazards and disaster risk reduction. Their disaster risk reduction reflects certain socio-cultural norms and values as well as family and gender dynamics among Vietnamese migrants. The findings also indicate that, for Vietnamese migrants who do not have well-established social networks, social capital-based disaster risk reduction might be less effective.
{"title":"Vietnamese migrants’ engagement in disaster risk reduction: The relevance of social capital","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Researchers commonly employ the concept of social capital to examine how people engage with disaster risk reduction. This approach has generated useful knowledge to improve the effectiveness of disaster risk reduction for the general population. However, disaster risk reduction knowledge and practices designed for the general population might not speak to Vietnamese migrants because they do not reflect Vietnamese cultural practices and norms. This paper contributes to the literature by presenting findings from a narrative inquiry into Vietnamese migrants’ experiences of disaster risk reduction in the Wellington Region, Aotearoa New Zealand. The participants’ narratives suggest that Vietnamese migrants employ bonding and bridging social capital to gain knowledge about natural hazards and disaster risk reduction. Their disaster risk reduction reflects certain socio-cultural norms and values as well as family and gender dynamics among Vietnamese migrants. The findings also indicate that, for Vietnamese migrants who do not have well-established social networks, social capital-based disaster risk reduction might be less effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104876
Typhoons are frequent in coastal cities, and the vulnerability of road and bridge construction sites is high, but existing studies have not focused on the safety management of road and bridge construction sites under typhoon disasters. Traditional manual safety inspections suffer from problems such as low efficiency, high subjectivity, and incomplete coverage. Therefore, this study aims to develop an intelligent safety management system for road and bridge construction sites during the typhoon warning period, in order to achieve rapid and automated typhoon prevention and control. In this study, the automatic identification algorithm of potential safety hazards was developed based on the MATLAB platform, and then the system design of the MATLAB GUI was carried out, which ultimately forms the automatic safety hazard inspection and measure enquiry system during the typhoon warning period for road and bridge construction sites (RBS-TY). The system can realize the detection of vertical deformation, safety distance and safety height by using the point cloud data of the object to be measured. According to the identified safety hazards, it will automatically retrieve the database of typhoon safety measures in the road and bridge construction site and provide the countermeasures in the GUI interface. Experimentally verified results show that this system can assist safety management personnel to quickly guide typhoon prevention and control work during the 24-h typhoon warning period, improve the efficiency of safety management, and help to promote the development of intelligent typhoon emergency response technology at road and bridge construction sites.
{"title":"Safety hazard inspection system during typhoon warning period to improve the disaster resistance ability of road and bridge construction site","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104876","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104876","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typhoons are frequent in coastal cities, and the vulnerability of road and bridge construction sites is high, but existing studies have not focused on the safety management of road and bridge construction sites under typhoon disasters. Traditional manual safety inspections suffer from problems such as low efficiency, high subjectivity, and incomplete coverage. Therefore, this study aims to develop an intelligent safety management system for road and bridge construction sites during the typhoon warning period, in order to achieve rapid and automated typhoon prevention and control. In this study, the automatic identification algorithm of potential safety hazards was developed based on the MATLAB platform, and then the system design of the MATLAB GUI was carried out, which ultimately forms the automatic safety hazard inspection and measure enquiry system during the typhoon warning period for road and bridge construction sites (RBS-TY). The system can realize the detection of vertical deformation, safety distance and safety height by using the point cloud data of the object to be measured. According to the identified safety hazards, it will automatically retrieve the database of typhoon safety measures in the road and bridge construction site and provide the countermeasures in the GUI interface. Experimentally verified results show that this system can assist safety management personnel to quickly guide typhoon prevention and control work during the 24-h typhoon warning period, improve the efficiency of safety management, and help to promote the development of intelligent typhoon emergency response technology at road and bridge construction sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104873
Post-disaster permanent housing is the backbone of the recovery efforts after destructive events. It holds great potential to adopt new technological innovations and to provide improved conditions for these everyday spaces. However, previous investigations suggest that these housing projects lack consideration of the inhabitants' expectations, needs, and values due to environmental, cultural, and social factors, resulting in a dissatisfactory built environment. Following the Kahramanmaraş earthquake on February 6, 2023, this research aims to explore the expectations of affected residents in the historic district of Antakya. We expect to contribute to decision-makers, designers, and the technology industry to develop more user-centered housing recovery efforts in the aftermath of these devastating events. The findings revealed four implications from the expectations for post-earthquake homes: (1) designing for togetherness, (2) valuing community efforts and traditional work, (3) including productional activities, and lastly, (4) preserving and reminiscing heritage values. Additionally, we discussed these four implications with multi-disciplinary designers to expand the discussion space for designing post-earthquake permanent homes in Antakya. Overall, these implications suggest some future architectural changes in homes as their residents' expectations, including the creation of new heritage and production spaces using digital, physical, and mixed reality technologies, as well as the emergence of new social gathering spaces. By conducting a case study in Antakya, our research highlights the potential for the further development of post-disaster permanent homes that not only provide shelter and safety but also enhance the overall quality of life for the residents, both for Antakya and the other relevant cases worldwide.
{"title":"Exploring residents’ expectations and designers’ perspectives towards post-earthquake permanent housing: A case study in Antakya","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104873","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104873","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Post-disaster permanent housing is the backbone of the recovery efforts after destructive events. It holds great potential to adopt new technological innovations and to provide improved conditions for these everyday spaces. However, previous investigations suggest that these housing projects lack consideration of the inhabitants' expectations, needs, and values due to environmental, cultural, and social factors, resulting in a dissatisfactory built environment. Following the Kahramanmaraş earthquake on February 6, 2023, this research aims to explore the expectations of affected residents in the historic district of Antakya. We expect to contribute to decision-makers, designers, and the technology industry to develop more user-centered housing recovery efforts in the aftermath of these devastating events. The findings revealed four implications from the expectations for post-earthquake homes: (1) designing for togetherness, (2) valuing community efforts and traditional work, (3) including productional activities, and lastly, (4) preserving and reminiscing heritage values. Additionally, we discussed these four implications with multi-disciplinary designers to expand the discussion space for designing post-earthquake permanent homes in Antakya. Overall, these implications suggest some future architectural changes in homes as their residents' expectations, including the creation of new heritage and production spaces using digital, physical, and mixed reality technologies, as well as the emergence of new social gathering spaces. By conducting a case study in Antakya, our research highlights the potential for the further development of post-disaster permanent homes that not only provide shelter and safety but also enhance the overall quality of life for the residents, both for Antakya and the other relevant cases worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104871
This study assesses perceptions of psychological preparedness among leaders in Emergency Operation Centers (EOCs) across Saudi Arabia. Effective disaster management requires managing stress, maintaining emotional stability, and adapting to rapid changes. A descriptive survey was conducted in 2024 with 110 leaders from various Health regions and the National Health EOC, achieving an 86.4 % response rate. Participants completed a structured questionnaire assessing their confidence in managing stress, the effectiveness of stress-relief techniques, and emotional stability. Results indicated high confidence in stress management (mean score 4.19, SD = 0.88) and emotional stability (mean score 4.27, SD = 0.80), along with moderately high ratings for the effectiveness of stress-relief techniques (mean score 3.64, SD = 0.99). Only 30.53 % had received formal training on psychological preparedness, while 96.84 % expressed a need for additional training. The study found significant correlations between confidence, emotional stability, and the regular review of coping strategies. These results highlight the critical need for comprehensive training programs to improve the psychological preparedness of disaster management personnel.
{"title":"Psychological preparedness in disaster management: A survey of leaders in Saudi Arabia's emergency operation centers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses perceptions of psychological preparedness among leaders in Emergency Operation Centers (EOCs) across Saudi Arabia. Effective disaster management requires managing stress, maintaining emotional stability, and adapting to rapid changes. A descriptive survey was conducted in 2024 with 110 leaders from various Health regions and the National Health EOC, achieving an 86.4 % response rate. Participants completed a structured questionnaire assessing their confidence in managing stress, the effectiveness of stress-relief techniques, and emotional stability. Results indicated high confidence in stress management (mean score 4.19, SD = 0.88) and emotional stability (mean score 4.27, SD = 0.80), along with moderately high ratings for the effectiveness of stress-relief techniques (mean score 3.64, SD = 0.99). Only 30.53 % had received formal training on psychological preparedness, while 96.84 % expressed a need for additional training. The study found significant correlations between confidence, emotional stability, and the regular review of coping strategies. These results highlight the critical need for comprehensive training programs to improve the psychological preparedness of disaster management personnel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104855
Rapidly advancing anthropogenic climate change is a severe threat to cultural heritage worldwide. World cultural heritage sites (WCHS) are recognized by UNESCO as having outstanding international importance. Identifying and quantifying the impacts of climate change on the WCHS is therefore crucial for the development of long-term protection policies. Spain, the subject of the present study, is one of the most important world heritage countries in terms of the number of sites and is highly vulnerable to climate change under global scenarios.
This study identified the main climate risks faced by Spain's WCHS on the basis of future climate data from four shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios under the most recent version of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), the most up-to-date global climate model available. Risks include sea level rise and coastal flooding, fire risk and drought risk, hydrodynamic scouring and corrosion, and biodegradation. Some WCHS are located in regions that are projected to experience surface warming exceeding the global average by 2100 under the SSP5--8.5 scenario, with a doubling of extreme climate risk (a gradient from scenarios SSP1--2.6, SSP2--4.5, SSP3--7.0 to SSP5--8.5). Under this shared socioeconomic pathway, three Spanish WCHS are at risk of being submerged by seawater by 2100. On the basis of historical data, we identified greater potential fire risk in regions where Spain's WCHS is located than in other regions in Europe, with eight WCHS experiencing weather-induced fire hazards exceeding 95 %. Considering the combination of LUC types within the Spanish WCHS, we identified two WCHS that exemplify this risk: 1) the archaeological site of Atapuerca, which is primarily occupied by broad-leaved forest, and 2) the Caliphate city of Medina Azahara, which is surrounded by natural grasslands, emphasizing the need for fire prevention in woodland and grassland areas. Furthermore, we quantified the hydrodynamic scouring risk, corrosion and biodegradation risk, and drought risk in the entire region where Spain's WCHS are located from 2081 to 2100 and clustered them on the basis of risk characteristics. We found that under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the overall pattern of climate risk faced by Spain's WCHS did not change significantly from the present, but there were clear changes under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. We also identified that Spain's WCHS listings are at greater risk from different climate risks. This study predicts the potential impact of climate change on Spain's WCHS, emphasizing the crucial role of “carbon neutrality” in reducing various climate risks to Spain's WCHS and providing guidance for the development of future long-term protection policies.
{"title":"Future climate risks to world cultural heritage sites in Spain: A systematic analysis based on shared socioeconomic pathways","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rapidly advancing anthropogenic climate change is a severe threat to cultural heritage worldwide. World cultural heritage sites (WCHS) are recognized by UNESCO as having outstanding international importance. Identifying and quantifying the impacts of climate change on the WCHS is therefore crucial for the development of long-term protection policies. Spain, the subject of the present study, is one of the most important world heritage countries in terms of the number of sites and is highly vulnerable to climate change under global scenarios.</div><div>This study identified the main climate risks faced by Spain's WCHS on the basis of future climate data from four shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios under the most recent version of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), the most up-to-date global climate model available. Risks include sea level rise and coastal flooding, fire risk and drought risk, hydrodynamic scouring and corrosion, and biodegradation. Some WCHS are located in regions that are projected to experience surface warming exceeding the global average by 2100 under the SSP5--8.5 scenario, with a doubling of extreme climate risk (a gradient from scenarios SSP1--2.6, SSP2--4.5, SSP3--7.0 to SSP5--8.5). Under this shared socioeconomic pathway, three Spanish WCHS are at risk of being submerged by seawater by 2100. On the basis of historical data, we identified greater potential fire risk in regions where Spain's WCHS is located than in other regions in Europe, with eight WCHS experiencing weather-induced fire hazards exceeding 95 %. Considering the combination of LUC types within the Spanish WCHS, we identified two WCHS that exemplify this risk: 1) the archaeological site of Atapuerca, which is primarily occupied by broad-leaved forest, and 2) the Caliphate city of Medina Azahara, which is surrounded by natural grasslands, emphasizing the need for fire prevention in woodland and grassland areas. Furthermore, we quantified the hydrodynamic scouring risk, corrosion and biodegradation risk, and drought risk in the entire region where Spain's WCHS are located from 2081 to 2100 and clustered them on the basis of risk characteristics. We found that under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the overall pattern of climate risk faced by Spain's WCHS did not change significantly from the present, but there were clear changes under the SSP5-8.5 scenario. We also identified that Spain's WCHS listings are at greater risk from different climate risks. This study predicts the potential impact of climate change on Spain's WCHS, emphasizing the crucial role of “carbon neutrality” in reducing various climate risks to Spain's WCHS and providing guidance for the development of future long-term protection policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104866
Historical mosques, with their unique architectural features and high occupant densities, pose distinct challenges for safe and efficient evacuation. This study introduces the Historical Mosque Evacuation Risk Index (HM-ERI), a novel and comprehensive framework specifically designed to assess evacuation risks in these culturally significant structures. The HM-ERI model integrates three quantitative criteria derived from agent-based simulations and seventeen qualitative criteria assessed through on-site evaluations, generating two dimensionless risk scores: HM-ERIQN (quantitative risk) and HM-ERIQL (qualitative risk).
Analysis
of 12 prominent 15th and 16th century mosques in Turkey revealed a spectrum of evacuation risk levels. The mosques' HM-ERIQN values ranged from 0.27 (low risk) to 0.80 (high risk) in the range of 0–1, indicating variations in potential congestion and evacuation efficiency based on simulated total evacuation times ranging from 2 min 46.3 s to 8 min 18.5 s. HM-ERIQL values, reflecting the severity of qualitative factors on a 0–1 scale such as the lack of alternative exits, improper placement of shoe racks, complex building layouts, and limited emergency preparedness, fell between 0.46 and 0.73, indicating moderate to high risks.
By integrating expert judgment and utilizing data from both simulations and on-site observations, the HM-ERI framework provides a practical tool for identifying high-risk historical mosques and informing targeted interventions to enhance evacuation safety. This research contributes to developing enhanced evacuation standards for these culturally significant structures, enabling improved safety evaluations and guiding effective preservation strategies that prioritize human life and cultural heritage.
{"title":"Assessing evacuation risks in prominent historical mosques: An integrated quantitative and qualitative approach via the HM-ERI framework","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Historical mosques, with their unique architectural features and high occupant densities, pose distinct challenges for safe and efficient evacuation. This study introduces the Historical Mosque Evacuation Risk Index (HM-ERI), a novel and comprehensive framework specifically designed to assess evacuation risks in these culturally significant structures. The HM-ERI model integrates three quantitative criteria derived from agent-based simulations and seventeen qualitative criteria assessed through on-site evaluations, generating two dimensionless risk scores: HM-ERI<sub>QN</sub> (quantitative risk) and HM-ERI<sub>QL</sub> (qualitative risk).</div></div><div><h3>Analysis</h3><div>of 12 prominent 15th and 16th century mosques in Turkey revealed a spectrum of evacuation risk levels. The mosques' HM-ERI<sub>QN</sub> values ranged from 0.27 (low risk) to 0.80 (high risk) in the range of 0–1, indicating variations in potential congestion and evacuation efficiency based on simulated total evacuation times ranging from 2 min 46.3 s to 8 min 18.5 s. HM-ERI<sub>QL</sub> values, reflecting the severity of qualitative factors on a 0–1 scale such as the lack of alternative exits, improper placement of shoe racks, complex building layouts, and limited emergency preparedness, fell between 0.46 and 0.73, indicating moderate to high risks.</div><div>By integrating expert judgment and utilizing data from both simulations and on-site observations, the HM-ERI framework provides a practical tool for identifying high-risk historical mosques and informing targeted interventions to enhance evacuation safety. This research contributes to developing enhanced evacuation standards for these culturally significant structures, enabling improved safety evaluations and guiding effective preservation strategies that prioritize human life and cultural heritage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104870
Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of floods by providing timely information to the public, which is particularly important for flood-prone areas in the Malaysian State of Johor that have suffer significant damages and disruptions almost every year. This research presents an assessment into the current state of FEWS through expert interviews and consultations with the concerned department to understand the management and institutional status and challenges in employing FEWS. In addition, a total of 106 structured questionnaires were administered as part of the survey research to a sample of residents in urban Johor Bahru and semi-urban Kota Tinggi, two regions vulnerable to floods, to collect data on their level of preparedness and knowledge, and their perceived effectiveness of FEWS. The analysis revealed that 69.8 % of the respondents did not have any knowledge on the FEWS in their place, and 60.5 % respondents turn to social media to gain information on flood warning, occurrence and forecast. This study also evaluates the opportunity for the messaging application as an additional support system for FEWS. The research highlights and identifies the challenges and barriers to accessing and utilising FEWS. The study calls for the incorporation of messaging application, preferable WhatsApp to transmit early warnings to the end-users and to use their feedback in designing/redesigning the FEWS. The findings can inform policy and decision-making processes aimed at improving flood preparedness and response strategies, and contribute to the existing literature on FEWS in Malaysia and other similar regions.
{"title":"Evaluating flood early warning system and public preparedness and knowledge in urban and semi-urban areas of Johor, Malaysia: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) play a crucial role in mitigating the impacts of floods by providing timely information to the public, which is particularly important for flood-prone areas in the Malaysian State of Johor that have suffer significant damages and disruptions almost every year. This research presents an assessment into the current state of FEWS through expert interviews and consultations with the concerned department to understand the management and institutional status and challenges in employing FEWS. In addition, a total of 106 structured questionnaires were administered as part of the survey research to a sample of residents in urban Johor Bahru and semi-urban Kota Tinggi, two regions vulnerable to floods, to collect data on their level of preparedness and knowledge, and their perceived effectiveness of FEWS. The analysis revealed that 69.8 % of the respondents did not have any knowledge on the FEWS in their place, and 60.5 % respondents turn to social media to gain information on flood warning, occurrence and forecast. This study also evaluates the opportunity for the messaging application as an additional support system for FEWS. The research highlights and identifies the challenges and barriers to accessing and utilising FEWS. The study calls for the incorporation of messaging application, preferable WhatsApp to transmit early warnings to the end-users and to use their feedback in designing/redesigning the FEWS. The findings can inform policy and decision-making processes aimed at improving flood preparedness and response strategies, and contribute to the existing literature on FEWS in Malaysia and other similar regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104857
Cultural heritage, especially those inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, is meant to be valued by mankind and protected for future generations. Triggered by radical and sometimes disastrous Heritage-Related Events (HREs), communities around the world are actively involved on social media to share their opinions and emotional attachments. This paper presents exploratory data analyses on a dataset collected from Twitter concerning HREs in World Heritage that triggered global concerns, with cases of the Notre Dame Paris fire and the Venice flood, both in 2019. The spatiotemporal patterns of tweeting behaviours of online communities before, during, and after the event demonstrate a clear distinction of activation levels caused by the HREs. The dominant emotions and topics of people during the online debate are detected and visualized with pre-trained deep-learning models and unsupervised clustering algorithms. Clear spatiotemporal dynamics can be observed from the data collected in both case studies, while each case also demonstrated its specific characteristics due to the different severity. The methodological framework proposed and the analytical outcomes obtained in this paper could be used both in urban studies to mine the public opinions about HREs and other urban events for reducing risks, and by the Geo-AI community to test spatiotemporal clustering algorithms.
文化遗产，尤其是列入联合国教科文组织《世界遗产名录》的文化遗产，应受到人类的珍视，并为子孙后代受到保护。激进的、有时是灾难性的遗产相关事件（HREs）引发了世界各地的社区积极参与社交媒体，分享他们的观点和情感。本文以 2019 年巴黎圣母院大火和威尼斯洪水为案例，对从 Twitter 收集到的引发全球关注的世界遗产相关遗产事件数据集进行了探索性数据分析。在线社区在事件发生前、发生期间和发生后的推特行为时空模式表明，人类活动事件所引起的激活程度有明显的区别。利用预先训练好的深度学习模型和无监督聚类算法，可以检测到网络辩论期间人们的主要情绪和话题，并将其可视化。从两个案例研究中收集到的数据可以观察到明显的时空动态变化，同时每个案例也因其严重程度不同而表现出各自的特点。本文提出的方法框架和获得的分析结果既可用于城市研究，以挖掘公众对 HRE 和其他城市事件的意见，从而降低风险，也可用于地理-人工智能社区，以测试时空聚类算法。
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Pub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104851
To accurately evaluate community emergency capability and solve the problems with the existing index system, which has been declared unreasonable with respect to components, unclear in meaning and unreliable in terms of empowerment results caused by a single algorithm, a triangle model of community safety and resilience is introduced to construct an emergency capability index system suitable for communities with frequent geological disasters in Yunnan Province. Additionally, a combined empowerment model is constructed to improve the accuracy of the empowerment results. First, according to the relevant information and the results of expert consultations and field investigations, the index system is determined. Second, three weighting methods, the G1-entropy weight, G1-CRITIC and G1-coefficient of variation, are used to calculate the index weight and perform a comparative analysis, after which the best weighting method is selected and combined with the discrete Hopfield neural network model to construct a weighting-evaluation model. Finally, the model is applied to evaluate the emergency capability of a community with frequent geological disasters in Yunnan Province. The results show that the index of monitoring and early warning ability of geological disasters is added, which makes the index more targeted, and thus, the result obtained using the G1-CRITIC combination weighting model is more accurate. The evaluation model constructed in this paper accurately evaluates community emergency capacity and is further popularized and applied in communities with frequent geological disasters in Yunnan Province.
{"title":"Study on the construction and application of a community emergency capacity evaluation model based on a combined weighting-discrete Hopfield neural network","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To accurately evaluate community emergency capability and solve the problems with the existing index system, which has been declared unreasonable with respect to components, unclear in meaning and unreliable in terms of empowerment results caused by a single algorithm, a triangle model of community safety and resilience is introduced to construct an emergency capability index system suitable for communities with frequent geological disasters in Yunnan Province. Additionally, a combined empowerment model is constructed to improve the accuracy of the empowerment results. First, according to the relevant information and the results of expert consultations and field investigations, the index system is determined. Second, three weighting methods, the G1-entropy weight, G1-CRITIC and G1-coefficient of variation, are used to calculate the index weight and perform a comparative analysis, after which the best weighting method is selected and combined with the discrete Hopfield neural network model to construct a weighting-evaluation model. Finally, the model is applied to evaluate the emergency capability of a community with frequent geological disasters in Yunnan Province. The results show that the index of monitoring and early warning ability of geological disasters is added, which makes the index more targeted, and thus, the result obtained using the G1-CRITIC combination weighting model is more accurate. The evaluation model constructed in this paper accurately evaluates community emergency capacity and is further popularized and applied in communities with frequent geological disasters in Yunnan Province.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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