Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104869
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Türkiye is a country that faces many disasters, especially earthquakes and floods, which have serious short- and long-term consequences for public health. The importance of disaster risk reduction activities in building resilience before a disaster strikes is increasingly recognized. Furthermore, resilience assessment is considered to be the starting point for these activities. However, there is a substantial gap in the scientific evidence on systematic assessments of the resilience of the public health system and also a serious lack of activities to strengthen the system against disasters in Türkiye.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Using a Scorecard methodology, the study aimed to systematically assess the resilience of the public health system in Türkiye by examining key indicators related to disaster risk management and preparedness, and subsequently to recommend priority actions. A systematic assessment of resilience can provide the scientific evidence needed to identify weaknesses in the system. Furthermore, identifying priority actions based on this evidence allows progress to be made towards strengthening the system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This mixed-methods study was conducted in two separate regions of Türkiye with the highest earthquake (Esenler/Istanbul) and flood risk (Ortahisar/Trabzon). Based on the Scorecard methodology, two-stage workshops (online and face-to-face) were held. During the online stage, qualitative data were collected by interviewing participants about their evaluation of the situation in the counties regarding the Scorecard indicators, and quantitative data were collected through scoring. In the face-to-face stage, strategies were developed to improve the resilience of the public health system. Quantitative data were expressed with numbers and percentages, and thematic analysis was utilized for qualitative data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The lowest scoring indicators were as follows (Esenler and Ortahisar, respectively): addressing mental health needs associated with disasters (2.17 ± 1.29; 2.27 ± 1.16), resilience of key healthcare facilities (2.22 ± 0.55; 2.91 ± 1.08), and protection and identification of ecosystem services (2.39 ± 1.04; 2.13 ± 1.49). In this study, participants recommended increasing the resilience of the public health infrastructure and improving human resources and ecosystem services to ensure the resilience of the public health system.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study found that the weakest areas in terms of public health system resilience were the seismic safety and infrastructure of health facilities, the capacity of disaster-related mental health services, and disaster-related ecosystem services. To improve the resilience of public health systems, it is essential to strengthen these areas of weakness and ensure collaboration between all stakeholders in the system. The identification of weaknesses in the study
{"title":"Strengthening public health system resilience to disasters in Türkiye: Insights from a scorecard methodology","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Türkiye is a country that faces many disasters, especially earthquakes and floods, which have serious short- and long-term consequences for public health. The importance of disaster risk reduction activities in building resilience before a disaster strikes is increasingly recognized. Furthermore, resilience assessment is considered to be the starting point for these activities. However, there is a substantial gap in the scientific evidence on systematic assessments of the resilience of the public health system and also a serious lack of activities to strengthen the system against disasters in Türkiye.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Using a Scorecard methodology, the study aimed to systematically assess the resilience of the public health system in Türkiye by examining key indicators related to disaster risk management and preparedness, and subsequently to recommend priority actions. A systematic assessment of resilience can provide the scientific evidence needed to identify weaknesses in the system. Furthermore, identifying priority actions based on this evidence allows progress to be made towards strengthening the system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This mixed-methods study was conducted in two separate regions of Türkiye with the highest earthquake (Esenler/Istanbul) and flood risk (Ortahisar/Trabzon). Based on the Scorecard methodology, two-stage workshops (online and face-to-face) were held. During the online stage, qualitative data were collected by interviewing participants about their evaluation of the situation in the counties regarding the Scorecard indicators, and quantitative data were collected through scoring. In the face-to-face stage, strategies were developed to improve the resilience of the public health system. Quantitative data were expressed with numbers and percentages, and thematic analysis was utilized for qualitative data analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The lowest scoring indicators were as follows (Esenler and Ortahisar, respectively): addressing mental health needs associated with disasters (2.17 ± 1.29; 2.27 ± 1.16), resilience of key healthcare facilities (2.22 ± 0.55; 2.91 ± 1.08), and protection and identification of ecosystem services (2.39 ± 1.04; 2.13 ± 1.49). In this study, participants recommended increasing the resilience of the public health infrastructure and improving human resources and ecosystem services to ensure the resilience of the public health system.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study found that the weakest areas in terms of public health system resilience were the seismic safety and infrastructure of health facilities, the capacity of disaster-related mental health services, and disaster-related ecosystem services. To improve the resilience of public health systems, it is essential to strengthen these areas of weakness and ensure collaboration between all stakeholders in the system. The identification of weaknesses in the study ","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104867
Urban pluvial flood resilience planning must account for the ecological capacity to absorb, adapt, and transform with floods. Research on flood resilience indices highlights resilience as a normative condition, characterized by the return to equilibrium or the recovery time. However, the socio-ecological approach, including adaptive, absorptive, and transformative capacities is often overlooked, and the determinants of these capacities are underexplored. The present study addresses this gap by proposing an impact-based composite index to measure the flood resilience of urban Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI). An eight-step procedure was used for the composite index construction. Statistical correlation and regression analysis established indicator appropriateness, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for weighing and aggregation. The Ecological Flood Resilience Index (EFRI) was developed and applied to the city of Kochi, India to assess the ability of existing urban BGI to temporarily store, infiltrate, and delay runoff, indicating the capacity of the system to withstand urban flooding. The index was validated using crowd-based data followed by sensitivity analysis. The EFRI Map outlines that the highly urbanized low resilient central areas, marked by poor vegetation and disrupted natural drainage contribute to flooding in various parts of the city. A comprehensive analysis of the 37 % regions of the city that falls within ‘very low’ to ‘extremely low’ resilience is essential to understand the critical factors in flood resilient spatial planning. The proposed composite index is significant for its novelty and theoretical clarity in resilience evaluations, promoting a shift from risk-based to resilience approaches in urban flood management.
{"title":"Ecological Flood Resilience Index (EFRI) to Assess the Urban Pluvial Flood Resilience of Blue-Green infrastructure: A case from a southwestern coastal city of India","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban pluvial flood resilience planning must account for the ecological capacity to absorb, adapt, and transform with floods. Research on flood resilience indices highlights resilience as a normative condition, characterized by the return to equilibrium or the recovery time. However, the socio-ecological approach, including adaptive, absorptive, and transformative capacities is often overlooked, and the determinants of these capacities are underexplored. The present study addresses this gap by proposing an impact-based composite index to measure the flood resilience of urban Blue-Green Infrastructure (BGI). An eight-step procedure was used for the composite index construction. Statistical correlation and regression analysis established indicator appropriateness, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for weighing and aggregation. The Ecological Flood Resilience Index (EFRI) was developed and applied to the city of Kochi, India to assess the ability of existing urban BGI to temporarily store, infiltrate, and delay runoff, indicating the capacity of the system to withstand urban flooding. The index was validated using crowd-based data followed by sensitivity analysis. The EFRI Map outlines that the highly urbanized low resilient central areas, marked by poor vegetation and disrupted natural drainage contribute to flooding in various parts of the city. A comprehensive analysis of the 37 % regions of the city that falls within ‘very low’ to ‘extremely low’ resilience is essential to understand the critical factors in flood resilient spatial planning. The proposed composite index is significant for its novelty and theoretical clarity in resilience evaluations, promoting a shift from risk-based to resilience approaches in urban flood management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104863
This review investigates the impact of volcanic eruptions on mental health, addressing the effects, risk factors, and potential interventions based on empirical evidence to mitigate mental health risks associated with this type of disaster. For this purpose, a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. The study, registered in Prospero database [CRD42022378087], analysed twenty-seven (27) articles meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria. As result, high rates of psychological distress and generalized anxiety were described which decreases very slowly over time. The most commonly described risk factors were the level of exposure, experienced traumatic events, female gender, low income, low educational level, presence of prior physical/mental health issues, and lack of social support. The sense of place has recently been described as a risk factor capable of increasing anxiety levels, as well as the degree of reluctance to leave homes, thereby increasing the danger to human lives safety and the mobilization of support resources. Resilience, social support, social cohesion, and rebuilding life elsewhere, and then being able to return home are protective factors. Life skills education programs for disaster management and anxiety, and self-empowerment therapies for stress and trauma recovery have been piloted; but data limitations do not allow us to confirm its effectiveness. In light of the findings, an intervention proposal is formulated to mitigate mental health risks in anticipation of future volcanic eruption disasters.
{"title":"The impact of volcano eruption on mental health: A systematic review","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review investigates the impact of volcanic eruptions on mental health, addressing the effects, risk factors, and potential interventions based on empirical evidence to mitigate mental health risks associated with this type of disaster. For this purpose, a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA methodology. The study, registered in Prospero database [CRD42022378087], analysed twenty-seven (27) articles meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria. As result, high rates of psychological distress and generalized anxiety were described which decreases very slowly over time. The most commonly described risk factors were the level of exposure, experienced traumatic events, female gender, low income, low educational level, presence of prior physical/mental health issues, and lack of social support. The sense of place has recently been described as a risk factor capable of increasing anxiety levels, as well as the degree of reluctance to leave homes, thereby increasing the danger to human lives safety and the mobilization of support resources. Resilience, social support, social cohesion, and rebuilding life elsewhere, and then being able to return home are protective factors. Life skills education programs for disaster management and anxiety, and self-empowerment therapies for stress and trauma recovery have been piloted; but data limitations do not allow us to confirm its effectiveness. In light of the findings, an intervention proposal is formulated to mitigate mental health risks in anticipation of future volcanic eruption disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104864
Understanding the factors that influence evacuation decisions is crucial for optimizing resource allocation and formulating an effective emergency plan, particularly in the communication and implementation of warnings. To assist with this endeavour, this study investigates whether selected variables affected evacuation decision-making during the 2021 South Kalimantan, Indonesia, Floods. This is achieved through identifying significant factors in a binomial regression model constructed using a resident survey during the extreme floods of January 2021 and the more typical frequent floods of December 2021. The survey captures sociodemographic, capacity-related, hazard-related and warning-related factors from 375 residents including 205 in West Banjarmasin (urban area) and 170 in Tabuk River (rural area). It was found that families with partial ownership of their house (renting or living with another family) and those with a higher number of members are less likely to evacuate, as are those with a lack of knowledge about evacuation shelters and routes. External factors influencing people's evacuation decisions included the flood height and duration as well as whether there was an unofficial warning to evacuate. The findings suggest the following actions could assist with encouraging safety-seeking behaviour through evacuation: ensure evacuation instructions reach larger families and households and that they are relevant for them; include evacuation instructions with warnings; and conduct regular evacuation drills that include information about the flood risk map and the location and route to relevant evacuation shelters.
{"title":"Factors affecting household evacuation decision making in response to disaster: Case study from the 2021 South Kalimantan floods, Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the factors that influence evacuation decisions is crucial for optimizing resource allocation and formulating an effective emergency plan, particularly in the communication and implementation of warnings. To assist with this endeavour, this study investigates whether selected variables affected evacuation decision-making during the 2021 South Kalimantan, Indonesia, Floods. This is achieved through identifying significant factors in a binomial regression model constructed using a resident survey during the extreme floods of January 2021 and the more typical frequent floods of December 2021. The survey captures sociodemographic, capacity-related, hazard-related and warning-related factors from 375 residents including 205 in West Banjarmasin (urban area) and 170 in Tabuk River (rural area). It was found that families with partial ownership of their house (renting or living with another family) and those with a higher number of members are less likely to evacuate, as are those with a lack of knowledge about evacuation shelters and routes. External factors influencing people's evacuation decisions included the flood height and duration as well as whether there was an unofficial warning to evacuate. The findings suggest the following actions could assist with encouraging safety-seeking behaviour through evacuation: ensure evacuation instructions reach larger families and households and that they are relevant for them; include evacuation instructions with warnings; and conduct regular evacuation drills that include information about the flood risk map and the location and route to relevant evacuation shelters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104865
Understanding how individuals and communities respond to flood risks is paramount for effective disaster management and community resilience. This study investigates the impact of information sources on the coping appraisal of Australian flood-prone communities (flood-coping appraisal) to gain insight into flood mitigation behaviour. Utilizing the cognitive process of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and integrating it with the Health Belief Model (HBM), a comprehensive framework is developed to explore the interplay between sources of information, cognitive appraisals, and coping responses. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data from a research survey are analysed to examine the relationships between latent variables within the framework. The results reveal two key components significantly affecting flood-coping appraisal: Benefit/barrier Appraisal and Social Environment. Benefit/barrier Appraisal evaluates individuals' perceptions of the cost-effectiveness of mitigation measures, their potential impacts on property appearance, and property resale value, while the Social Environment assesses individuals’ observational learning from social norms and the availability of social support. Additionally, experiences with floods inside buildings emerge as a significant factor influencing the flood-coping appraisal. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the sources of information that drive higher flood-coping appraisal for effective flood risk management and community resilience. These insights contribute to developing targeted flood risk communication strategies to promote adaptive behaviours and enhance community resilience in the face of flood hazards.
{"title":"Investigating the influence of information sources on flood-coping appraisal: Insights into flood mitigation behaviour","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how individuals and communities respond to flood risks is paramount for effective disaster management and community resilience. This study investigates the impact of information sources on the coping appraisal of Australian flood-prone communities (flood-coping appraisal) to gain insight into flood mitigation behaviour. Utilizing the cognitive process of Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and integrating it with the Health Belief Model (HBM), a comprehensive framework is developed to explore the interplay between sources of information, cognitive appraisals, and coping responses. Using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data from a research survey are analysed to examine the relationships between latent variables within the framework. The results reveal two key components significantly affecting flood-coping appraisal: Benefit/barrier Appraisal and Social Environment. Benefit/barrier Appraisal evaluates individuals' perceptions of the cost-effectiveness of mitigation measures, their potential impacts on property appearance, and property resale value, while the Social Environment assesses individuals’ observational learning from social norms and the availability of social support. Additionally, experiences with floods inside buildings emerge as a significant factor influencing the flood-coping appraisal. The findings underscore the importance of understanding the sources of information that drive higher flood-coping appraisal for effective flood risk management and community resilience. These insights contribute to developing targeted flood risk communication strategies to promote adaptive behaviours and enhance community resilience in the face of flood hazards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104868
To estimate the water demands of water distribution systems (WDSs) after earthquakes, a new method is proposed in this study to model the post-earthquake water demands of different user nodes in WDSs, relying on urban land use maps and resident population distribution. The method considers three key restoration phases: rescue, refuge, and reconstruction. The spatial distribution of post-earthquake population in various land parcels is first determined based on the empirical models of earthquake evacuees and casualties. Then, the water demands of a land parcel are estimated by multiplying the parcel's area by the corresponding post-earthquake water demand indices, along with the sum of water demands for ordinary residents, injured individuals, and evacuees in the land parcel. To allocate the water demands of different land parcels to user nodes, the service areas of different user nodes are determined using Thiessen polygons. Finally, the water demands of a land parcel are allocated to user nodes based on the percentage of the parcel's area within the service areas of the user nodes. The proposed method is applied to a WDS currently operating in a typical city located in high seismic intensity region. The numerical results, in terms of the water demands of the whole network and different user nodes, are compared with those obtained from two existing methods. The influence of seismic intensity on the water demands of different user nodes is also investigated in this study. The numerical results show that in the proposed method, the post-earthquake water demands of WDSs increase in the three restoration phases, which is consistent with the post-earthquake survey of WDSs after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, indicating the rationality of the proposed modeling method.
{"title":"Post-earthquake water demand modeling of water distribution systems considering population redistribution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To estimate the water demands of water distribution systems (WDSs) after earthquakes, a new method is proposed in this study to model the post-earthquake water demands of different user nodes in WDSs, relying on urban land use maps and resident population distribution. The method considers three key restoration phases: rescue, refuge, and reconstruction. The spatial distribution of post-earthquake population in various land parcels is first determined based on the empirical models of earthquake evacuees and casualties. Then, the water demands of a land parcel are estimated by multiplying the parcel's area by the corresponding post-earthquake water demand indices, along with the sum of water demands for ordinary residents, injured individuals, and evacuees in the land parcel. To allocate the water demands of different land parcels to user nodes, the service areas of different user nodes are determined using Thiessen polygons. Finally, the water demands of a land parcel are allocated to user nodes based on the percentage of the parcel's area within the service areas of the user nodes. The proposed method is applied to a WDS currently operating in a typical city located in high seismic intensity region. The numerical results, in terms of the water demands of the whole network and different user nodes, are compared with those obtained from two existing methods. The influence of seismic intensity on the water demands of different user nodes is also investigated in this study. The numerical results show that in the proposed method, the post-earthquake water demands of WDSs increase in the three restoration phases, which is consistent with the post-earthquake survey of WDSs after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, indicating the rationality of the proposed modeling method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104861
Climate change exerts impacts on biodiversity and coastal ecosystems. Given the socio-economic and environmental significance of coastal zones, preventative and mitigative measures are imperative to address the damages resulting from erosive processes and coastal flooding. The state of Rio de Janeiro, with its 1160 km of coastline, holds ecological, socio-economic, and logistical importance in Brazil, necessitating the safeguarding of these assets. We employed the InVEST modeling program to assess coastal vulnerability, incorporating data on populations, logistical infrastructure (ports and aerodromes), and priority areas for fauna protection. Our findings revealed that the state of Rio de Janeiro faces coastal risks ranging from intermediate to high at 66 %, and a substantial portion of legally protected areas does not encompass habitats near the coast. We illustrated the pivotal role of habitats in coastal protection, emphasizing that their removal would significantly augment coastal vulnerability. The amalgamation of these factors allowed us to propose adaptation strategies based on nature-based solutions to address environmental and socio-economic challenges.
{"title":"Coastal resilience and adaptation strategies: Natural habitats for coastal protection and Atlantic forest restoration on the coast of the Rio de Janeiro state","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change exerts impacts on biodiversity and coastal ecosystems. Given the socio-economic and environmental significance of coastal zones, preventative and mitigative measures are imperative to address the damages resulting from erosive processes and coastal flooding. The state of Rio de Janeiro, with its 1160 km of coastline, holds ecological, socio-economic, and logistical importance in Brazil, necessitating the safeguarding of these assets. We employed the InVEST modeling program to assess coastal vulnerability, incorporating data on populations, logistical infrastructure (ports and aerodromes), and priority areas for fauna protection. Our findings revealed that the state of Rio de Janeiro faces coastal risks ranging from intermediate to high at 66 %, and a substantial portion of legally protected areas does not encompass habitats near the coast. We illustrated the pivotal role of habitats in coastal protection, emphasizing that their removal would significantly augment coastal vulnerability. The amalgamation of these factors allowed us to propose adaptation strategies based on nature-based solutions to address environmental and socio-economic challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104846
The interplay between climate change, drought, and socioeconomic development has significantly altered the hazards, vulnerability, and risk of drought within the global socioeconomic system. Yet, there is a lack of understanding of how these changes will manifest at the local level in an increasingly globalized economy under the effects of global warming. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study employs a variety of climatic, demographic, and socioeconomic data to map and assess the social vulnerability to drought in the Purulia district of West Bengal, India. Eleven socioeconomic indicators were utilized to construct a social vulnerability index using an inductive approach. Rainfall anomalies and standardized precipitation indices were employed to evaluate drought conditions, while crop yield data helped to spatially construct a crop failure index. The study reveals that the frequency and intensity of drought have increased in the district since 2000, leading to significant reductions in crop yield and failures. The social vulnerability index results indicate that 14 out of twenty drought-prone sub-districts are also socioeconomically marginalized. Factors such as inadequate irrigation, illiteracy, heavy reliance on agriculture, a high number of non-workers, and limited access to resources contribute to the high social vulnerability to drought in the Purulia sub-districts. This study can assist decision-makers in developing targeted adaptation and mitigation strategies for these vulnerable populations.
{"title":"Social vulnerability to drought: A spatiotemporal assessment in purulia district, West Bengal, India","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104846","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104846","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interplay between climate change, drought, and socioeconomic development has significantly altered the hazards, vulnerability, and risk of drought within the global socioeconomic system. Yet, there is a lack of understanding of how these changes will manifest at the local level in an increasingly globalized economy under the effects of global warming. To bridge this knowledge gap, this study employs a variety of climatic, demographic, and socioeconomic data to map and assess the social vulnerability to drought in the Purulia district of West Bengal, India. Eleven socioeconomic indicators were utilized to construct a social vulnerability index using an inductive approach. Rainfall anomalies and standardized precipitation indices were employed to evaluate drought conditions, while crop yield data helped to spatially construct a crop failure index. The study reveals that the frequency and intensity of drought have increased in the district since 2000, leading to significant reductions in crop yield and failures. The social vulnerability index results indicate that 14 out of twenty drought-prone sub-districts are also socioeconomically marginalized. Factors such as inadequate irrigation, illiteracy, heavy reliance on agriculture, a high number of non-workers, and limited access to resources contribute to the high social vulnerability to drought in the Purulia sub-districts. This study can assist decision-makers in developing targeted adaptation and mitigation strategies for these vulnerable populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142359087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104860
Nature-based solutions (NbS) have recently gained significant attention as a sustainable disaster risk reduction (DRR) approach. This article explores the application and effectiveness of NbS in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region, which is highly exposed to diverse hazards. Through a scoping literature review and analysis of case studies, we examine the diverse range of NbS implemented in LAC countries and their contributions to DRR. The LAC region faces numerous challenges in managing and mitigating the impacts of disasters, including those triggered by hurricanes, floods, landslides, and droughts. Traditional engineering approaches alone have proven insufficient, prompting the exploration of NbS as an alternative or complementary strategy. NbS harnesses ecosystems' inherent resilience and protective qualities to reduce several disaster risk drivers and enhance community resilience. Our analysis unveils key processes and challenges for advancing DRR through NbS. Additionally, it reveals a wide array of NbS interventions in LAC, including the restoration of coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and coral reefs, the implementation of green infrastructure systems, and the promotion of agroforestry practices. These interventions offer multiple benefits, from reducing coastal erosion and flood risks to improving water management and biodiversity. Finally, NbS provide social and economic co-benefits, such as sustainable livelihoods, improved health outcomes, and enhanced ecosystem services.
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Pub Date : 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.104858
The all-hazards approach (AHA) is a ground concept of crisis management to build common capabilities to deal with diverse hazards and adopted as the standard approach by many countries. The single-hazard approach (SHA), on the other hand, is a concept in which measures are taken specifically for a particular disaster. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has raised a policy debate on the effectiveness of pandemic preparedness in both AHA and SHA regimes, which has yet to be settled. This is because not sufficient studies have been conducted to compare policies under both concepts systematically. In this study, a new analytical framework was developed to compare pandemic policies under AHA and SHA concepts. The framework was designed to analyze coverage of hazards and actions for pandemic preparedness and response in the policy documents. The United States (the U. S.) and Japan were selected as the representative countries adopting AHA and SHA respectively. As a result, we empirically demonstrated for the first time that both countries combined multi-hazards and single-hazard countermeasures. This will provide new alternative solutions for the binary argument between two approaches. We also analyzed the coverage of actions for pandemic preparedness and response and found that while both countries comprehensively scoped overall actions, there were significant differences in coverage of individual actions. These findings may be useful to identify agenda to improve pandemic policies after the COVID-19 in each country and the framework developed in this study provides a new tool contributing to policymaking for crisis management.
全灾种方法（AHA）是危机管理的一个基本概念，旨在建立应对各种灾害的共同能力，被许多国家作为标准方法采用。另一方面，单一危害方法（SHA）是一个专门针对特定灾害采取措施的概念。最近发生的 COVID-19 大流行引发了一场政策辩论，讨论在 AHA 和 SHA 体系下大流行病防备工作的有效性，这一问题尚未解决。这是因为没有进行足够的研究来系统地比较这两种概念下的政策。在本研究中，我们建立了一个新的分析框架来比较 AHA 和 SHA 概念下的大流行病政策。该框架旨在分析政策文件中有关大流行病防备和应对的危害和行动的覆盖范围。美国和日本分别被选为采用 AHA 和 SHA 的代表性国家。因此，我们首次通过经验证明，这两个国家将多种危害和单一危害的应对措施结合在一起。这将为两种方法之间的二元争论提供新的替代解决方案。我们还分析了大流行病防备和应对行动的覆盖范围，发现虽然两国都全面地确定了整体行动的范围，但在单项行动的覆盖范围方面存在显著差异。这些发现可能有助于各国在 COVID-19 之后确定改进大流行病政策的议程，本研究中开发的框架为危机管理决策提供了新的工具。
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