T. Prathyusha, T. Srikanth, R. Reddy, A. S. Reddy, P. S. Reddy, B. Krishna
{"title":"Nanocrystalline Au: SnO2 Thin Films Grown by DC Reactive Magnetron Sputtering","authors":"T. Prathyusha, T. Srikanth, R. Reddy, A. S. Reddy, P. S. Reddy, B. Krishna","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707082529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707082529","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81321821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The compact size of antenna is becoming necessity for advancement in modern technology. In this paper, the design and analysis of rectangular Microstrip patch antenna with half hexagonal fractal geometry has been proposed. The proposed antenna operates at multi-resonant frequencies. The dielectric material Roger RT duroid/5880 has been employed as a substrate material for designing the proposed antenna having thickness 2mm with relative permittivity (ɛr) of 2.2 with loss tangent (δ) 0.0009. The Co-axial feed line has been used to fed the power to the antenna with proper impedance matching of 50Ω so maximum power can transfer. The performance of proposed antenna has been analyzed in terms of return loss (dB), gain (dB), directivity (dBi) and VSWR. The proposed antenna design can be used for S band, C band and X band applications such as weather forecasting, military, satellite communication, wireless communication and radar. The High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) v.13.0 has been used for the analysis and simulation of proposed antenna.
{"title":"Design And Performance Analysis of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna With Half-Hexagonal Fractal Techniques","authors":"L. Singh, Mandeep Singh, Mandeep Kaur","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707101519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707101519","url":null,"abstract":"The compact size of antenna is becoming necessity for advancement in modern technology. In this paper, the design and analysis of rectangular Microstrip patch antenna with half hexagonal fractal geometry has been proposed. The proposed antenna operates at multi-resonant frequencies. The dielectric material Roger RT duroid/5880 has been employed as a substrate material for designing the proposed antenna having thickness 2mm with relative permittivity (ɛr) of 2.2 with loss tangent (δ) 0.0009. The Co-axial feed line has been used to fed the power to the antenna with proper impedance matching of 50Ω so maximum power can transfer. The performance of proposed antenna has been analyzed in terms of return loss (dB), gain (dB), directivity (dBi) and VSWR. The proposed antenna design can be used for S band, C band and X band applications such as weather forecasting, military, satellite communication, wireless communication and radar. The High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) v.13.0 has been used for the analysis and simulation of proposed antenna.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80789534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a popular wireless technology which offers fast voice, video and information benefits up to the client end. In this paper, the OFDM based WiMAX physical layer makes use of concatenated Reed Solomon Convolutional (RS-CC) code and different modulation techniques with different code rates along with different cyclic prefix. As WiMAX can be used for NLOS (Non Line of Sight) communication so Rayleigh channel has been used as transmission medium. The comparison of various cyclic prefix such as 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32 has been done on different modulation techniques over Rayleigh channel. The performance of OFDM based WiMAX physical layer has been analyzed from the graphs between BER (Bit Error rate) vs. SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and Spectral Efficiency vs. SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) for different modulation techniques. The simulation results of BER vs. SNR conclude that different modulations and code rate provide better performance at guard time interval of 1/32.The simulation result of Spectral efficiency vs SNR conclude that 64 QAM with code rate 3⁄4 has highest spectral efficiency because of which it can be used for transmitting larger amount of data with lesser amount of transmission error.
全球微波接入互操作性(WiMAX)是一种流行的无线技术，它为客户端提供快速的语音、视频和信息优势。在本文中，基于OFDM的WiMAX物理层利用了连接Reed - Solomon卷积(RS-CC)码和不同的调制技术，具有不同的码率和不同的循环前缀。由于WiMAX可以用于NLOS (Non - Line of Sight)通信，因此使用瑞利信道作为传输介质。各种循环前缀如1/4,1/8,1/16和1/32的比较已经完成了不同的调制技术在瑞利信道。从不同调制技术下误码率(BER)与信噪比(SNR)、频谱效率(spectrum Efficiency)与信噪比(SNR)的关系图分析了基于OFDM的WiMAX物理层的性能。对误码率和信噪比的仿真结果表明，在保护时间间隔为1/32时，不同的调制方式和码率具有更好的性能。频谱效率与信噪比的仿真结果表明，码率为3 / 4的64 QAM具有最高的频谱效率，可以在较小的传输误差下传输更大的数据量。
{"title":"Spectral Efficiency and Bit Error Rate Analysis of WiMAX Using Diverse Modulation Techniques over Rayleigh Channel","authors":"Bindu Handa, A. Suman, Praveen Kumar","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707080613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707080613","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a popular wireless technology which offers fast voice, video and information benefits up to the client end. In this paper, the OFDM based WiMAX physical layer makes use of concatenated Reed Solomon Convolutional (RS-CC) code and different modulation techniques with different code rates along with different cyclic prefix. As WiMAX can be used for NLOS (Non Line of Sight) communication so Rayleigh channel has been used as transmission medium. The comparison of various cyclic prefix such as 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/32 has been done on different modulation techniques over Rayleigh channel. The performance of OFDM based WiMAX physical layer has been analyzed from the graphs between BER (Bit Error rate) vs. SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and Spectral Efficiency vs. SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) for different modulation techniques. The simulation results of BER vs. SNR conclude that different modulations and code rate provide better performance at guard time interval of 1/32.The simulation result of Spectral efficiency vs SNR conclude that 64 QAM with code rate 3⁄4 has highest spectral efficiency because of which it can be used for transmitting larger amount of data with lesser amount of transmission error.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75776518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Hemashekhar, P. ChandrappaC, M. Govindappa, N. Chandrasekhar, Nagaraju Ganganagappa, Y. L. Ramachandra
The field of nanotechnology is the most promising area of the research. In our present study we report the biological method of synthesis of silver nanoparticles by endophytic extracts isolated from the leaf of Simarouba glauca. The surface Plasmon resonance characteristic of silver nanoparticles was revealed by the UV-Vis spectrum at 400 nm. The crystalline nature of silver nanoparticle was confirmed by X ray diffraction studies. Spherical shaped and monodispersed nanoparticles were found in Scanning electron micrograph. The average size of silver nanoparticles was 41.9 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering. The peak in silver region confirming the presence of elemental silver was determined by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles utilized in this study was found to be more significant than standard Taxim antibiotic against multidrug resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. Endophytic based silver nanoaprticles were found to possess significant antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger isolated from Simarouba glauca leaf and its Antibacterial and Antioxidant activity","authors":"B. Hemashekhar, P. ChandrappaC, M. Govindappa, N. Chandrasekhar, Nagaraju Ganganagappa, Y. L. Ramachandra","doi":"10.9790/9622-0708011724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0708011724","url":null,"abstract":"The field of nanotechnology is the most promising area of the research. In our present study we report the biological method of synthesis of silver nanoparticles by endophytic extracts isolated from the leaf of Simarouba glauca. The surface Plasmon resonance characteristic of silver nanoparticles was revealed by the UV-Vis spectrum at 400 nm. The crystalline nature of silver nanoparticle was confirmed by X ray diffraction studies. Spherical shaped and monodispersed nanoparticles were found in Scanning electron micrograph. The average size of silver nanoparticles was 41.9 nm as determined by dynamic light scattering. The peak in silver region confirming the presence of elemental silver was determined by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles utilized in this study was found to be more significant than standard Taxim antibiotic against multidrug resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. Endophytic based silver nanoaprticles were found to possess significant antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74165883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In architecture, there are many different standards and rules to design buildings, urban and planning and principles and proportion are the clear limitations among the main standards. Golden ratio or golden section is considered as a clear proportion in the architecturaldesign. Severalacademic researches and studies can befound that talk about the golden ratio. This ratio also can be seen in natural division, arts, music and architecture. It is measured as a standard for the aesthetic and beauty of the architectural appearance. Thepresent paperdiscusses the golden ratio in general, its history that shows first use and understandingsand related to which ancient civilization. Furthermore, it explains the position of the golden ratio in architecture principles. Following that, this paper discoversa number of case studies that designed with this ratio existed around the world. Also, itdemonstratesthat,how it can be applicable in architecture field today? Then there isa summaryof the research inthe conclusion.
{"title":"How toExplore Golden Ratio in Architecture and Designing City","authors":"W. Baiz, D. S. Khoshnaw","doi":"10.9790/9622-0608040107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0608040107","url":null,"abstract":"In architecture, there are many different standards and rules to design buildings, urban and planning and principles and proportion are the clear limitations among the main standards. Golden ratio or golden section is considered as a clear proportion in the architecturaldesign. Severalacademic researches and studies can befound that talk about the golden ratio. This ratio also can be seen in natural division, arts, music and architecture. It is measured as a standard for the aesthetic and beauty of the architectural appearance. Thepresent paperdiscusses the golden ratio in general, its history that shows first use and understandingsand related to which ancient civilization. Furthermore, it explains the position of the golden ratio in architecture principles. Following that, this paper discoversa number of case studies that designed with this ratio existed around the world. Also, itdemonstratesthat,how it can be applicable in architecture field today? Then there isa summaryof the research inthe conclusion.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77117631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Third Party Auditor audits the shared data in thecloud without any modification of the data content.To provide thesecurity for cloud data a TPA can check the integrity of shareddata.The third party auditor can be able to audit the integrity ofdata without accessing the entire data from the cloud.The filesare divided into blocks and allow the TPA to audit the data witha specified block.If a new user wishes to join the group, TPAapproves the user and added to the group.A public auditingmechanism that verifies the integrity of data stored in the cloudwith the help of a digital signature, which can be aggregatedto each block of data.The proposed scheme provides an efficientuser revocation mechanism i.e. when a user revoked from thegroup, to resign the blocks that are signed by that revokeduser.The proposed scheme also supports dynamic operations suchas update, delete and insert operations.The TPA handles multipleauditing tasks at a time with batch auditing protocol.
{"title":"Third Party Public Auditing For Shared Data In The Cloud Using ECC","authors":"Divya R Nair, S. Gopi","doi":"10.9790/9622-0708010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0708010105","url":null,"abstract":"A Third Party Auditor audits the shared data in thecloud without any modification of the data content.To provide thesecurity for cloud data a TPA can check the integrity of shareddata.The third party auditor can be able to audit the integrity ofdata without accessing the entire data from the cloud.The filesare divided into blocks and allow the TPA to audit the data witha specified block.If a new user wishes to join the group, TPAapproves the user and added to the group.A public auditingmechanism that verifies the integrity of data stored in the cloudwith the help of a digital signature, which can be aggregatedto each block of data.The proposed scheme provides an efficientuser revocation mechanism i.e. when a user revoked from thegroup, to resign the blocks that are signed by that revokeduser.The proposed scheme also supports dynamic operations suchas update, delete and insert operations.The TPA handles multipleauditing tasks at a time with batch auditing protocol.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80441759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
5S Method” of Lean Manufacturing techniques refers to five words for the basic elements of the system: Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize and Sustain. This research work has been carried out to understand the positive impact of the 5S methods implementation in a small scale industry over the various attributes like Labor Productivity, Floor space savings, positive work culture shift, safety & health of the workers etc. „5S‟methods of Lean manufacturing techniques is a proven tool to reduce and eliminate waste and to bring Positive work culture shift in the organization. The paper presents the methodology of successfully implementing the 5S methods in a small Scale industry. Results clearly shows significant improvement in 5S Score, Labor Productivity & Floor space utilization apart from some qualitative benefits like improvement in health, safety and positive work culture shift in the organization after implementation of 5S methods.
精益生产技术中的“5S方法”，指的是系统基本要素的五个词:排序(Sort)、有序(Set in order)、发光(Shine)、标准化(standardization)和持续(sustaining)。这项研究工作是为了了解在小型工业中实施5S方法对各种属性的积极影响，如劳动生产率、节省占地面积、积极的工作文化转变、工人的安全和健康等。精益制造技术的“5S”方法是一种经过验证的工具，可以减少和消除浪费，并在组织中带来积极的工作文化转变。本文介绍了在小型工业中成功实施5S方法的方法。结果清楚地表明，实施5S方法后，除了在健康、安全和积极的工作文化转变等方面取得了一些定性效益外，5S评分、劳动生产率和占地面积利用率也有了显著提高。
{"title":"Implementation of ‘5S’in a small scale industry: A case study","authors":"Brijesh Kumar Swarnkar, D. Verma","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707084448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707084448","url":null,"abstract":"5S Method” of Lean Manufacturing techniques refers to five words for the basic elements of the system: Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize and Sustain. This research work has been carried out to understand the positive impact of the 5S methods implementation in a small scale industry over the various attributes like Labor Productivity, Floor space savings, positive work culture shift, safety & health of the workers etc. „5S‟methods of Lean manufacturing techniques is a proven tool to reduce and eliminate waste and to bring Positive work culture shift in the organization. The paper presents the methodology of successfully implementing the 5S methods in a small Scale industry. Results clearly shows significant improvement in 5S Score, Labor Productivity & Floor space utilization apart from some qualitative benefits like improvement in health, safety and positive work culture shift in the organization after implementation of 5S methods.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84999847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new approach used for image edge deduction, segmentation and normalization illumination under varying lighting conditions are presented. Edge detection refers to the process of identifying and locating sharp by applying smooth and noisy clinical technic in an image. It has favorable applications in the fields such as machine vision, pattern recognition, object recognition, motion analysis, pattern recognition, medical image processing & biomedical imaging. Segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into the multiple segments using set of pixels as to simplify and change the representation of an image and easier to analyze. Edge detection highlights high frequency components in the image. Edge detection is becomes more arduous when it comes to noisy images. The study focuses on fuzzy concepts based edge detection in smooth and noisy clinical images. Traditional method of edge detection involves convolving the image with an operator (2-D filter) changes in pixel intensity scene which is constructed to be sensitive to large gradients. Edge detectors form a collection of different images and applying local image processing method to locate sharp changes in the intensity function. In this paper, histogram thresholding is proposed in order to help the edge detection and segmentation of image to found robust way regardless of the segmentation approach applying for histogram thresholding algorithm. This paper shows the comparison of edge detection & segmentation techniques under different conditions & variation of intensity pixel value of the selected algorithms.
{"title":"Image Edge Detection and Segmentation by using Histogram Thresholding method","authors":"V. Manjula","doi":"10.9790/9622-0708011016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0708011016","url":null,"abstract":"A new approach used for image edge deduction, segmentation and normalization illumination under varying lighting conditions are presented. Edge detection refers to the process of identifying and locating sharp by applying smooth and noisy clinical technic in an image. It has favorable applications in the fields such as machine vision, pattern recognition, object recognition, motion analysis, pattern recognition, medical image processing & biomedical imaging. Segmentation refers to the process of partitioning a digital image into the multiple segments using set of pixels as to simplify and change the representation of an image and easier to analyze. Edge detection highlights high frequency components in the image. Edge detection is becomes more arduous when it comes to noisy images. The study focuses on fuzzy concepts based edge detection in smooth and noisy clinical images. Traditional method of edge detection involves convolving the image with an operator (2-D filter) changes in pixel intensity scene which is constructed to be sensitive to large gradients. Edge detectors form a collection of different images and applying local image processing method to locate sharp changes in the intensity function. In this paper, histogram thresholding is proposed in order to help the edge detection and segmentation of image to found robust way regardless of the segmentation approach applying for histogram thresholding algorithm. This paper shows the comparison of edge detection & segmentation techniques under different conditions & variation of intensity pixel value of the selected algorithms.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88466885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper reviews study of symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. Here symmetrical, binary asymmetrical and ternary asymmetrical structure formed by cascading two H-bridge cells are compared in order to find an optimum arrangement with high quality output voltage. Performance of these structures is verified through computer simulation using MATLAB/Simulink.
{"title":"Performance evaluation of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Cascaded H Bridge Multilevel Inverter Topology","authors":"A. Prayag, S. Bodkhe","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707102024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707102024","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews study of symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter. Here symmetrical, binary asymmetrical and ternary asymmetrical structure formed by cascading two H-bridge cells are compared in order to find an optimum arrangement with high quality output voltage. Performance of these structures is verified through computer simulation using MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78345730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planning and design urban area with its specialty has significant improvement role in the history of architecture. Many factors and rules are considered in this design and improvement such as environment, culture and region. Nowadays, technology and its process also have the role in architecture and urban planning. Tall buildings with this height that seen today is one of the outcomes of technology impacts. It is measured as one of the trends that drive tall buildings to develop. There is no debate that urban area having a skyscraper is not like those areas that majority of the buildings are in low rise buildings. In the research, those impacts of the tall buildings in urban areas are explained.The paperstarts with the history and background of tall buildings then showing the ration of them around the world. After that, number of aspects had shown that related tothe existing tall buildings in the urban. Those aspects are conclude in number of points such as environment, views and culture that explained by the number of figures. Finally, a conclusion summed up main points in this research.
{"title":"High-Rise Buildings Aspects and Significant Impacts in Urban Areas","authors":"W. Baiz, D. S. Khoshnaw, Anjam H. Byze","doi":"10.9790/9622-0610012026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0610012026","url":null,"abstract":"Planning and design urban area with its specialty has significant improvement role in the history of architecture. Many factors and rules are considered in this design and improvement such as environment, culture and region. Nowadays, technology and its process also have the role in architecture and urban planning. Tall buildings with this height that seen today is one of the outcomes of technology impacts. It is measured as one of the trends that drive tall buildings to develop. There is no debate that urban area having a skyscraper is not like those areas that majority of the buildings are in low rise buildings. In the research, those impacts of the tall buildings in urban areas are explained.The paperstarts with the history and background of tall buildings then showing the ration of them around the world. After that, number of aspects had shown that related tothe existing tall buildings in the urban. Those aspects are conclude in number of points such as environment, views and culture that explained by the number of figures. Finally, a conclusion summed up main points in this research.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80861834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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