Shale gas production has been successful developed over the past several years. The horizontal well with multistage hydraulic fracturing has proven to be an effective operation of development these unconventional reservoirs. Most of modeling effort has been made for earlier liner flow. A simple analytical model for long-term shale gas production evaluation is still lacking. This work fill this gap. A simple and accurate mathematical model are developed which considering linear flow in both shale matrix and fracture. It can describe the longterm shale gas production with pseudo steady state flow. The model is verified against a Fayetteville field case data. The difference between the production rate given by the model and measured data was found to be less than 10%. The effect of fracture geometry parameter on long-term production rate are also investigated. The results show the fracture spacing and fracture length is the most dominant factors on thelong-term shale gas production performance.This model provides reservoir engineers a simple and accurate tool for predicting, evaluating and optimizing the long-term performance of shale gas wells.
{"title":"A Simple Analytical Model for Estimating Long-term Productivity of Multi-fractured Shale Gas Wells","authors":"Zhengce Zhang, Bin Wang","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707040615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707040615","url":null,"abstract":"Shale gas production has been successful developed over the past several years. The horizontal well with multistage hydraulic fracturing has proven to be an effective operation of development these unconventional reservoirs. Most of modeling effort has been made for earlier liner flow. A simple analytical model for long-term shale gas production evaluation is still lacking. This work fill this gap. A simple and accurate mathematical model are developed which considering linear flow in both shale matrix and fracture. It can describe the longterm shale gas production with pseudo steady state flow. The model is verified against a Fayetteville field case data. The difference between the production rate given by the model and measured data was found to be less than 10%. The effect of fracture geometry parameter on long-term production rate are also investigated. The results show the fracture spacing and fracture length is the most dominant factors on thelong-term shale gas production performance.This model provides reservoir engineers a simple and accurate tool for predicting, evaluating and optimizing the long-term performance of shale gas wells.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84056623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, Ni, Mn and In atoms formed by different combinations of diatoms due to the spin multiplicity of electronic structure characteristics have been investigated. Calculations have been performed by Density Functional Theory within B3LYP functional and CEP-121G basis set. Diatoms with the first five spin multiplicity configurations have been investigated and the most stable state has been determined. The energetics, such as binding energy, frontier molecular orbital energies of six possible diatoms have been calculated in their ground state with their lowest five spin multiplicities.
{"title":"On the Mn-In-Ni Diatoms: Electronic Properties Depending on Spin Multiplicity","authors":"A. Kiraz, Halit Kan, N. Kolsuz, S. Erkoç","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707063043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707063043","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, Ni, Mn and In atoms formed by different combinations of diatoms due to the spin multiplicity of electronic structure characteristics have been investigated. Calculations have been performed by Density Functional Theory within B3LYP functional and CEP-121G basis set. Diatoms with the first five spin multiplicity configurations have been investigated and the most stable state has been determined. The energetics, such as binding energy, frontier molecular orbital energies of six possible diatoms have been calculated in their ground state with their lowest five spin multiplicities.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84061120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kumasi the capital of the Ashanti Region in Ghana has been observed to have high noise pollution. It has been observed that social gatherings, especially church services and funeral gatherings, are the main contributors to such noise. Measurements of noise levels were carried out in three churches and three funeral gatherings, using DT-8852 Precision Digital Sound Level meter, to investigate whether they conform to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards, and if not, to find out how much they exceed the EPA prescribed limits. Noise levels from the Church A, Church B and the Church C were 78.3 dBA, 82.8 dBA and 81.4 dBA respectively. Funeral ground 1 recorded the highest noise level of 84 dBA, followed by funeral ground 3 of 83.6dBA, then funeral ground 2 of 79.2dBA. The sampled churches and funeral gatherings, thus, exceeded their day time permissible EPA noise levels of 60 dBA and 65 dBA respectively. It is recommended that the public be made aware of the adverse effects of noise pollution and steps taken to enforce the EPA standards to protect inhabitants.
{"title":"Noise pollution at Ghanaian Social Gatherings: the case of the Kumasi Metropolis","authors":"Abankwa E.O, A. AgyeiAgyemang, P. O. Tawiah","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707052027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707052027","url":null,"abstract":"Kumasi the capital of the Ashanti Region in Ghana has been observed to have high noise pollution. It has been observed that social gatherings, especially church services and funeral gatherings, are the main contributors to such noise. Measurements of noise levels were carried out in three churches and three funeral gatherings, using DT-8852 Precision Digital Sound Level meter, to investigate whether they conform to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards, and if not, to find out how much they exceed the EPA prescribed limits. Noise levels from the Church A, Church B and the Church C were 78.3 dBA, 82.8 dBA and 81.4 dBA respectively. Funeral ground 1 recorded the highest noise level of 84 dBA, followed by funeral ground 3 of 83.6dBA, then funeral ground 2 of 79.2dBA. The sampled churches and funeral gatherings, thus, exceeded their day time permissible EPA noise levels of 60 dBA and 65 dBA respectively. It is recommended that the public be made aware of the adverse effects of noise pollution and steps taken to enforce the EPA standards to protect inhabitants.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88533483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this work is to determine the extent to which the evaluation of the yield component "weights thousand grains" allows the creation of recombinant inbred lines of sorghum to increase production.The plant material used is a population of 14 recombinant inbred lines of a F7 filial generation and controls CE 151262 and F2-20.The experimental setup under natural conditions uses randomized blocks with 2 repetitions. The statistical analysis was done by the Student Newmann Keuls test.The results obtained show that the "thousandgrain weight" of the recombinant inbred of 7 populations is greater than that of the controls used. These recombinant inbred, particularly L 49, can be tested for increased sorghum grain production.
{"title":"Creation Of High Yielding Recombinant Inbred LinesOf Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench from a yield component","authors":"K. Boubacar, K. Ibrahima","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707085861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707085861","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work is to determine the extent to which the evaluation of the yield component \"weights thousand grains\" allows the creation of recombinant inbred lines of sorghum to increase production.The plant material used is a population of 14 recombinant inbred lines of a F7 filial generation and controls CE 151262 and F2-20.The experimental setup under natural conditions uses randomized blocks with 2 repetitions. The statistical analysis was done by the Student Newmann Keuls test.The results obtained show that the \"thousandgrain weight\" of the recombinant inbred of 7 populations is greater than that of the controls used. These recombinant inbred, particularly L 49, can be tested for increased sorghum grain production.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87138649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wireless Body Area Networks","authors":"I. Sravya","doi":"10.9790/9622-0706060610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0706060610","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80421744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an improved low power design of a 4-bit Johnson Counter which is designed using and Clock enable method. The proposed design shows a power reduction of 5mW as compared to the conventional Johnson counter which is 7mW. Pulse triggered flip flop employed in the proposed design can save power up to 28.57% as compared to the conventional design. All the simulations were carried out using Xilinx software in SIM module.
{"title":"An Improved Low Power Counter Design with Clock Enable","authors":"Varsha Dewre, Rakesh Mandliya","doi":"10.9790/9622-0706065961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0706065961","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an improved low power design of a 4-bit Johnson Counter which is designed using and Clock enable method. The proposed design shows a power reduction of 5mW as compared to the conventional Johnson counter which is 7mW. Pulse triggered flip flop employed in the proposed design can save power up to 28.57% as compared to the conventional design. All the simulations were carried out using Xilinx software in SIM module.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82896185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seismic wavelet estimation is an important step in processing and analysis of seismic data. Inversion methods as Narrow-Band and theConstrained Sparse-Spike ones require information about it so that the inversion solution, once it is not a unique problem, may be restricted by comparing the real seismic trace with the synthetic generated by convolution of the estimated reflectivity and wavelet. Besides helping in seismic inversion, a good estimate of the wavelet enables an inverse filter with less uncertainty to be computed in the deconvolution step and while tying well logs, a better correlation between the seismic trace and well log can be achieved. Depending on the use or not of well log information, the methods of wavelet estimation can be divided into two classes: statistical and deterministic. This work aimed to test the sensitivity of acoustic post-stack seismic inversion algorithms to wavelets statistically estimated by two distinct methods. Keywords-Narrow-band, Seismic Inversion, Seismic Wavelet Estimation, CSSI
{"title":"Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Seismic Inversion Algorithms to Different Statistically Estimated Wavelets","authors":"V. M. Gomes, M. A. C. Santos, R. Burgos, D. Filho","doi":"10.9790/9622-0611055973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0611055973","url":null,"abstract":"Seismic wavelet estimation is an important step in processing and analysis of seismic data. Inversion methods as Narrow-Band and theConstrained Sparse-Spike ones require information about it so that the inversion solution, once it is not a unique problem, may be restricted by comparing the real seismic trace with the synthetic generated by convolution of the estimated reflectivity and wavelet. Besides helping in seismic inversion, a good estimate of the wavelet enables an inverse filter with less uncertainty to be computed in the deconvolution step and while tying well logs, a better correlation between the seismic trace and well log can be achieved. Depending on the use or not of well log information, the methods of wavelet estimation can be divided into two classes: statistical and deterministic. This work aimed to test the sensitivity of acoustic post-stack seismic inversion algorithms to wavelets statistically estimated by two distinct methods. Keywords-Narrow-band, Seismic Inversion, Seismic Wavelet Estimation, CSSI","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89578939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. AmrethaKrishnan.A., M. Manshooba.P., Sameer Abdurahiman, L. Saroop.C., R. Jayan.P.
Although, large scale coconut oil extraction is excessively available, it cannot meet the requirements for a small scale farmer. Deficiency in coconut production and high cost of coconut oil extraction impede the small scale coconut farming. To overcome these problems a power operated coconut oil expeller was developed and tested. It consists of a screw shaft, a prime mover, barrel, hopper and outlets are fitted on a supporting frame. The feed rate was optimized to 3.5 kg h -1 and in order to increase oil recovery. The sliced copra is fed to expeller through hopper and get compressed between screw shaft and the barrel. The effective compression and the amount oil recovered depend on moisture content. The optimum moisture was founded as 7.2% (wb), and observed that at this moisture content 53.25% maximum of oil recovery was obtained. The efficiency of the expeller is 84.8 at a working cost @ Rs 4 per kg.
虽然，大规模的椰子油提取是过度的，但它不能满足小农的要求。椰子产量不足和椰子油提取成本高阻碍了小规模的椰子种植。为了克服这些问题，一种动力操作的椰子油挤出机被开发和测试。它由一个螺旋轴，一个原动机，桶，料斗和出口安装在一个支撑框架。为了提高原油采收率，将进料速度优化为3.5 kg h -1。切好的椰肉通过料斗被送入出料机，在螺杆轴和料筒之间被压缩。有效压缩和采油量取决于含水率。优选出最佳含水率为7.2% (wb)，在此含水率下可获得最大采收率53.25%。风机的效率为84.8，工作成本为每公斤4卢比。
{"title":"Development and Testing of a Power Operated Coconut Oil Expeller","authors":"K. AmrethaKrishnan.A., M. Manshooba.P., Sameer Abdurahiman, L. Saroop.C., R. Jayan.P.","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707040105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707040105","url":null,"abstract":"Although, large scale coconut oil extraction is excessively available, it cannot meet the requirements for a small scale farmer. Deficiency in coconut production and high cost of coconut oil extraction impede the small scale coconut farming. To overcome these problems a power operated coconut oil expeller was developed and tested. It consists of a screw shaft, a prime mover, barrel, hopper and outlets are fitted on a supporting frame. The feed rate was optimized to 3.5 kg h -1 and in order to increase oil recovery. The sliced copra is fed to expeller through hopper and get compressed between screw shaft and the barrel. The effective compression and the amount oil recovered depend on moisture content. The optimum moisture was founded as 7.2% (wb), and observed that at this moisture content 53.25% maximum of oil recovery was obtained. The efficiency of the expeller is 84.8 at a working cost @ Rs 4 per kg.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91516856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An exact solution to the unsteady free convection flow of viscous incompressible fluid, in the presence of foreign mass, past an impulsively started infinite vertical isothermal plate in a rotating fluid, has been derived by Laplace-Transform technique. Axial and transverse velocity profiles are shown on graphs and numerical values of skin friction are listed in a table. It is observed that the non dimensional rotational parameter Rc increases there is fall in axial velocity profiles for all prandtl numbers because the coriolis forces oppose the fluid flow , hence the motion gets slow down . As Rc < 10 -3 the flow field becomes unstable and flow is converted to the turbulent flow for all Prandtl numbers (i.e. Pr = .71 for air when Ma<<1 and Pr = 7 for water). The flow of water may become unstable at large values of time t. Increase in Schmidt number leads to decrease in axial velocity for air and water. The diffusion parameter ,N, increases leads to rise in axial velocity because the buoyancy flow forces assist the flow and the transverse skin friction increases for both air and water, the axial skin friction decreases for air and increases for water.
{"title":"Mass Transfer Effects on Stokes Problem for an Infinite Vertical Plate in a Rotating Fluid.","authors":"R. M. Lahurikar, V. T. Gitte, P. Patil","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707020109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707020109","url":null,"abstract":"An exact solution to the unsteady free convection flow of viscous incompressible fluid, in the presence of foreign mass, past an impulsively started infinite vertical isothermal plate in a rotating fluid, has been derived by Laplace-Transform technique. Axial and transverse velocity profiles are shown on graphs and numerical values of skin friction are listed in a table. It is observed that the non dimensional rotational parameter Rc increases there is fall in axial velocity profiles for all prandtl numbers because the coriolis forces oppose the fluid flow , hence the motion gets slow down . As Rc < 10 -3 the flow field becomes unstable and flow is converted to the turbulent flow for all Prandtl numbers (i.e. Pr = .71 for air when Ma<<1 and Pr = 7 for water). The flow of water may become unstable at large values of time t. Increase in Schmidt number leads to decrease in axial velocity for air and water. The diffusion parameter ,N, increases leads to rise in axial velocity because the buoyancy flow forces assist the flow and the transverse skin friction increases for both air and water, the axial skin friction decreases for air and increases for water.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76384095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Gururaj, R. Anguraja, Dr.R. Prakash, Dr.H. Naganagouda
The growing energy demand in developing nations has triggered the issue of energy security. This hasmade essential to utilize the potential of renewable resources. Grid connected PV systemsis the best alternatives in renewable energy at large scale. Analysis of these gridconnected plants could help in designing, operating and maintenance of new grid connected systems.The objective of this paper is to model the design and simulation of grid connected 10MW solarphotovoltaicpower plant by using the specifications of equipment’s provided based on the availability of the component in Shivanasamudram,Karnataka,India. The PV generation system behaves well in different conditions of solar radiance and temperature of PV panels, preserving its stability and succeeding in extracting the maximum power from the PV panels by MPPT technique.
{"title":"Comprehensive Approach of Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant","authors":"G. Gururaj, R. Anguraja, Dr.R. Prakash, Dr.H. Naganagouda","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707030611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707030611","url":null,"abstract":"The growing energy demand in developing nations has triggered the issue of energy security. This hasmade essential to utilize the potential of renewable resources. Grid connected PV systemsis the best alternatives in renewable energy at large scale. Analysis of these gridconnected plants could help in designing, operating and maintenance of new grid connected systems.The objective of this paper is to model the design and simulation of grid connected 10MW solarphotovoltaicpower plant by using the specifications of equipment’s provided based on the availability of the component in Shivanasamudram,Karnataka,India. The PV generation system behaves well in different conditions of solar radiance and temperature of PV panels, preserving its stability and succeeding in extracting the maximum power from the PV panels by MPPT technique.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77583358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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