One of the most noteworthy issues in the setting up and function of programmed systems is scheduling but the creation of frequently admirable schedules has proven to be extremely complicated. In this paper an attempt is made to study specially structured n x2 flow shop scheduling in which set up time is detached from processing time both coupled by means of probabilities assuming that maximum of the equivalent processing time on first machine is less than or equal to the minimum of equivalent processing time on second machine. The problem conferred here is wider & basically more applicable and has noteworthy use when the goal is to minimize the total waiting time of jobs. The purpose of the study is to get most favorable progression of jobs in order to decrease the total waiting time of the jobs through iterative algorithm. The algorithm is made clear by numerical example.
{"title":"Minimization of total waiting time of jobs in n 2 specially structured Flow Shop Scheduling with set up time separated from processing time and each associated with probabilities","authors":"D. Gupta, B. Goyal","doi":"10.9790/9622-0706072733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0706072733","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most noteworthy issues in the setting up and function of programmed systems is scheduling but the creation of frequently admirable schedules has proven to be extremely complicated. In this paper an attempt is made to study specially structured n x2 flow shop scheduling in which set up time is detached from processing time both coupled by means of probabilities assuming that maximum of the equivalent processing time on first machine is less than or equal to the minimum of equivalent processing time on second machine. The problem conferred here is wider & basically more applicable and has noteworthy use when the goal is to minimize the total waiting time of jobs. The purpose of the study is to get most favorable progression of jobs in order to decrease the total waiting time of the jobs through iterative algorithm. The algorithm is made clear by numerical example.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75384944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diagrid Structure is one of the most unique structural systems that has been developed in recent years. For designing tall buildings there are various structural systems such as moment resisting frame, shear wall system, bracing system, space trusses, tubular structures etc. Diagrid is one of the new structural systems which is adept for designing tall buildings. In this paper, a comparative study between diagrid system, simple frame system and bracing system has been put forth. A 36-storeyed diagrid building, simple frame building and a building with Shear wall systems have been modelled and analyzed. The shear wall systems are provided as L-shaped at corners, provided at middle and provided at the core. The positions of the bracings have also been varied. A total of 12 buildings have been modelled and analyzed to compare which system performs better a lateral load resisting system. The modelling and analysis has been performed on ETABS. The dynamic analysis is performed by using Response Spectrum Method. All the loadings and the checks are provided as per Indian Standards.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Diagrid, Simple Frame and Shear Wall System","authors":"Viraj Baile, A. A. Bage","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707021015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707021015","url":null,"abstract":"Diagrid Structure is one of the most unique structural systems that has been developed in recent years. For designing tall buildings there are various structural systems such as moment resisting frame, shear wall system, bracing system, space trusses, tubular structures etc. Diagrid is one of the new structural systems which is adept for designing tall buildings. In this paper, a comparative study between diagrid system, simple frame system and bracing system has been put forth. A 36-storeyed diagrid building, simple frame building and a building with Shear wall systems have been modelled and analyzed. The shear wall systems are provided as L-shaped at corners, provided at middle and provided at the core. The positions of the bracings have also been varied. A total of 12 buildings have been modelled and analyzed to compare which system performs better a lateral load resisting system. The modelling and analysis has been performed on ETABS. The dynamic analysis is performed by using Response Spectrum Method. All the loadings and the checks are provided as per Indian Standards.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79467914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Himani Sharma, B. Bora, Shubham Sharma, R. Kumar, R. Jain
In this study the comprehensive reliability in terms of clearness index for power production of HIT, amorphous silicon & multi-crystalline silicon (m-cSi) technologies has been analyzed. The energy estimation of these three technologies is done based on regression, and deviation in the measured and estimated values is also reported. It has been found that for winter season, HIT technology module is the most reliable for overcast and partly cloudy conditions between the HIT, amorphous silicon &m-cSitechnologies. For summer season, amorphous Silicon technology shows the highest reliability for clear sky condition, m-cSi has the highest reliability for partly cloudy and HIT technology for overcast condition. HIT technology shows higher reliability both in the post monsoon and autumn season for clear sky and partly cloudy index conditions. The error in the estimations has been reduced by increasing the number of iterations. Keyword:Monte Carlo; SPV Module; Environment Parameter; Simulation; Reliability -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 13-07-2017 Date of acceptance: 15-07-2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"title":"Reliabilitystudy of Solar PV Power Production In Terms Of Weather Parameters Using Monte Carlo Simulation","authors":"Himani Sharma, B. Bora, Shubham Sharma, R. Kumar, R. Jain","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707053745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707053745","url":null,"abstract":"In this study the comprehensive reliability in terms of clearness index for power production of HIT, amorphous silicon & multi-crystalline silicon (m-cSi) technologies has been analyzed. The energy estimation of these three technologies is done based on regression, and deviation in the measured and estimated values is also reported. It has been found that for winter season, HIT technology module is the most reliable for overcast and partly cloudy conditions between the HIT, amorphous silicon &m-cSitechnologies. For summer season, amorphous Silicon technology shows the highest reliability for clear sky condition, m-cSi has the highest reliability for partly cloudy and HIT technology for overcast condition. HIT technology shows higher reliability both in the post monsoon and autumn season for clear sky and partly cloudy index conditions. The error in the estimations has been reduced by increasing the number of iterations. Keyword:Monte Carlo; SPV Module; Environment Parameter; Simulation; Reliability -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 13-07-2017 Date of acceptance: 15-07-2017 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79667350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Research entitled Application of Graph Theory to Big Networks for Big Data” is an innovative idea having novel design and exemplar implementations on various case studies. Graph Mining strategies can be applied for Big Data Networks Analysis as specified by Literature survey. Big Data concern large-volume, complex, growing data sets with multiple, autonomous sources. With the fast development of networking, data storage, and the data collection capacity, Big Data are now rapidly expanding in all science and engineering domains, including physical, biological and biomedical sciences. This paper presents a HACE theorem that characterizes the features of the Big Data revolution, and proposes a Big Data processing model, from the data mining perspective. This data-driven model involves demand-driven aggregation of information sources, mining and analysis, user interest modeling, and security and privacy considerations. We analyze the challenging issues in the data-driven model and also in the Big Data revolution.
{"title":"Novel Design and Implementation of Graph Mining for Big Data Network Analysis","authors":"D. Shravani","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707071625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707071625","url":null,"abstract":"The Research entitled Application of Graph Theory to Big Networks for Big Data” is an innovative idea having novel design and exemplar implementations on various case studies. Graph Mining strategies can be applied for Big Data Networks Analysis as specified by Literature survey. Big Data concern large-volume, complex, growing data sets with multiple, autonomous sources. With the fast development of networking, data storage, and the data collection capacity, Big Data are now rapidly expanding in all science and engineering domains, including physical, biological and biomedical sciences. This paper presents a HACE theorem that characterizes the features of the Big Data revolution, and proposes a Big Data processing model, from the data mining perspective. This data-driven model involves demand-driven aggregation of information sources, mining and analysis, user interest modeling, and security and privacy considerations. We analyze the challenging issues in the data-driven model and also in the Big Data revolution.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83707819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: The proof includes a column of similar steps and its aspects, treated in a special way. The concept of Unique Path of primes is explained and its effects are shown. In the midway of the proof, it is postponed for a while and a deviation from the course is taken to introduce a probably new axiom. Afterwards the proof restarts again, then definitions of 'list' & 'choice' are given and a claim is proved regarding them, two lemmas and their effects on the choice of a recycled prime discussed, hence using the axiom and other results the conjecture is proved. Please note : Every symbol 'p' with or without any suffix denotes some prime number. a|b means a divides b and a®b means a doesn't divide b. n is a natural number. The word 'prime' will hereafter mean prime number and 'even' mean even positive integer. The sign ' ' means 'there ∃ exist'. alternative
{"title":"Proof of Goldbach's binary conjecture","authors":"V. N. Romanov","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707010104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707010104","url":null,"abstract":": The proof includes a column of similar steps and its aspects, treated in a special way. The concept of Unique Path of primes is explained and its effects are shown. In the midway of the proof, it is postponed for a while and a deviation from the course is taken to introduce a probably new axiom. Afterwards the proof restarts again, then definitions of 'list' & 'choice' are given and a claim is proved regarding them, two lemmas and their effects on the choice of a recycled prime discussed, hence using the axiom and other results the conjecture is proved. Please note : Every symbol 'p' with or without any suffix denotes some prime number. a|b means a divides b and a®b means a doesn't divide b. n is a natural number. The word 'prime' will hereafter mean prime number and 'even' mean even positive integer. The sign ' ' means 'there ∃ exist'. alternative","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80483618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feature Extraction plays most crucial and important role in character recognition. The selection of stable and representative set of features is the main problem in pattern recognition. Because of font characteristics and style variation of machine printed Tamil characters, feature extraction remains a problem. Feature extraction involves reducing the amount of resources required to describe a set of data. In this paper, new method has been proposed to extract structural features from Machine printed Tamil characters using horizontal and vertical projections. Based on the structural properties of upper and lower modifiers, characters are divided into various categories and features are extracted accordingly. The extracted features from the real life degraded documents are classified to identify the characters. The system has been tested with printed Tamil characters and achieves 99.67% character recognition accuracy on average. Experimental results show that structure and category of the characters are identified by the proposed method for the regular characters of various sizes.
{"title":"Structural Run Based Feature Vector to Classify Printed Tamil Characters Using Neural Network","authors":"M. Karthigaiselvi, T. Kathirvalavakumar","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707014463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707014463","url":null,"abstract":"Feature Extraction plays most crucial and important role in character recognition. The selection of stable and representative set of features is the main problem in pattern recognition. Because of font characteristics and style variation of machine printed Tamil characters, feature extraction remains a problem. Feature extraction involves reducing the amount of resources required to describe a set of data. In this paper, new method has been proposed to extract structural features from Machine printed Tamil characters using horizontal and vertical projections. Based on the structural properties of upper and lower modifiers, characters are divided into various categories and features are extracted accordingly. The extracted features from the real life degraded documents are classified to identify the characters. The system has been tested with printed Tamil characters and achieves 99.67% character recognition accuracy on average. Experimental results show that structure and category of the characters are identified by the proposed method for the regular characters of various sizes.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81421486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Development of Solar Powered Quadcopter using 3D Printing Technology","authors":"H. Pramod","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707021619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707021619","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88046889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Titanium and it's alloys are used in the aerospace industry due to its light weigh, strength and ability to withstand extreme temperatures. Also titanium is as strong as Steel but much lighter, it is twice as strong as aluminum. It is nearly as resistant to corrosion as platinum. Titanium is used in dental implants due to its ability to Osseo integrate (an unusual ability by which titanium fuses with bone tissue through the titanium oxide layer on titanium metal). Titanium dioxide is relatively clear and has an extremely high index of refraction with an optical dispersion higher than diamond. Titanium dioxide is used extensively for paints as it is permanent and has good covering power. The present work involves optimization of the electrolyte composition in order to get a coating with high emissivity on titanium alloy using micro arc oxidation process. It also involves study of other parameters such as Thermo-optical properties, surface and characterization of the coating.
{"title":"Optimization of Suitable Electrolyte for High Emittance coating on Titanium Alloy","authors":"A. DeepaH., S. Poornitha, Akansha Soni, A. Hamza","doi":"10.9790/9622-0707079399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0707079399","url":null,"abstract":"Titanium and it's alloys are used in the aerospace industry due to its light weigh, strength and ability to withstand extreme temperatures. Also titanium is as strong as Steel but much lighter, it is twice as strong as aluminum. It is nearly as resistant to corrosion as platinum. Titanium is used in dental implants due to its ability to Osseo integrate (an unusual ability by which titanium fuses with bone tissue through the titanium oxide layer on titanium metal). Titanium dioxide is relatively clear and has an extremely high index of refraction with an optical dispersion higher than diamond. Titanium dioxide is used extensively for paints as it is permanent and has good covering power. The present work involves optimization of the electrolyte composition in order to get a coating with high emissivity on titanium alloy using micro arc oxidation process. It also involves study of other parameters such as Thermo-optical properties, surface and characterization of the coating.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81242104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. BharathiMohanM, M. Arjungopal, S. Manoj, S. Neelakrishnan
Suspension design of an ATV is presented. At present, the vehicle is equipped with Parallel Short Long Arm at front and 3 Link Trailing Arm at the rear. As present vehicle’s stability is low, modifications are made to the design. The stability of an ATV majorly depends on the Suspension system. By modifying the rear suspension design and also by reducing the un-sprung mass, stability is greatly improved. The modifications are done by considering other dynamic parameters. The main objective was to make the vehicle controllably oversteer. Rear H-Arm with single camber link is selected as it has minimal members and the geometry reduces the rear roll center position which greatly improves stability. Keywords–Baja suspension system, H-Arm, independent suspension, parallel short long arm.
{"title":"Stability improvement of an ATV by modifying Suspension Parameters","authors":"P. BharathiMohanM, M. Arjungopal, S. Manoj, S. Neelakrishnan","doi":"10.9790/9622-0706060105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0706060105","url":null,"abstract":"Suspension design of an ATV is presented. At present, the vehicle is equipped with Parallel Short Long Arm at front and 3 Link Trailing Arm at the rear. As present vehicle’s stability is low, modifications are made to the design. The stability of an ATV majorly depends on the Suspension system. By modifying the rear suspension design and also by reducing the un-sprung mass, stability is greatly improved. The modifications are done by considering other dynamic parameters. The main objective was to make the vehicle controllably oversteer. Rear H-Arm with single camber link is selected as it has minimal members and the geometry reduces the rear roll center position which greatly improves stability. Keywords–Baja suspension system, H-Arm, independent suspension, parallel short long arm.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81320785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the comparative study between various PAPR reduction technique such as partial transmit sequence, DFT spreading, Clipping and filtering. The peak to average power ratio of the time domain envelope is an important parameter at the physical layer of the communication system using OFDM signaling. The signals must maintain a specified average energy level in the channel to obtain the desired Bit-errorrate. The peak signal level relative to that average defines the maximum dynamic range that must be accommodated by the components in the signal flow path to support the desired average. High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) for OFDM system is still a demanding area and difficult issue. The radio transmitter stations for covering and getting enough transmitted power in their desired area has to use High Power Amplifier (HPA). If the high power amplifier doesn’t work in linear region, it can cause the out-of-band power to be kept under the specified limits. This condition can cause inefficient amplification and expensive transmitters, thus it is necessary to investigate PAPR reduction techniques for OFDM system. Some of the performance measures like Complementary Commutative Distribution Function of PAPR and BER are analyzed through simulation to demonstrate the efficacy of the various scheme.
{"title":"Comparative Study between Various PAPR Reduction Technique","authors":"Sahil Malik, Ruchi Sharma","doi":"10.9790/9622-0706062532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/9622-0706062532","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the comparative study between various PAPR reduction technique such as partial transmit sequence, DFT spreading, Clipping and filtering. The peak to average power ratio of the time domain envelope is an important parameter at the physical layer of the communication system using OFDM signaling. The signals must maintain a specified average energy level in the channel to obtain the desired Bit-errorrate. The peak signal level relative to that average defines the maximum dynamic range that must be accommodated by the components in the signal flow path to support the desired average. High Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) for OFDM system is still a demanding area and difficult issue. The radio transmitter stations for covering and getting enough transmitted power in their desired area has to use High Power Amplifier (HPA). If the high power amplifier doesn’t work in linear region, it can cause the out-of-band power to be kept under the specified limits. This condition can cause inefficient amplification and expensive transmitters, thus it is necessary to investigate PAPR reduction techniques for OFDM system. Some of the performance measures like Complementary Commutative Distribution Function of PAPR and BER are analyzed through simulation to demonstrate the efficacy of the various scheme.","PeriodicalId":13972,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81459218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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