International Journal of Environmental Health Research最新文献

Workers in the iron casting industries are exposed to various chemicals, especially graphite in furnace process. This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of graphite particles on human lung cells. Particle characteristics were confirmed by electron microscope and light scattering. Cell viability and oxidative stress markers were measured. The expression of oxidative repair genes, namely OGG1, MTH1, and ITPA, was evaluated. The average particle size was determined to be 172.1 ± 11.96 nm. The median inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) of graphite particles was 46.75 µg/mL. Notably, 25 and 50 µg/mL concentrations resulted in significant GSH depletion and MDA production. The high concentration of graphite particles (200 µg/mL) led to OGG1 suppression and increased MTH1 expression. Based on these findings, graphite exposure may induce toxicity in human lung cells by increasing oxidative stress. Further research is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms underlying graphite toxicity.

The association of air pollution and greenspace with respiratory pathogen acquisition and respiratory health was investigated in a community-based birth-cohort of 158 Australian children. Weekly nasal swabs and daily symptom-diaries were collected for 2-years, with annual reviews from ages 3-7-years. Annual exposure to fine-particulate-matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen-dioxide (NO₂), and normalised-difference-vegetation-index (NDVI) was estimated for pregnancy and the first 2-years-of-life. We examined rhinovirus, any respiratory virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae detections in the first 3-months-of-life, age at initial pathogen detection, wheezing in the first 2-years, and asthma at ages 5-7-years. Our findings suggest that higher NDVI was associated with fewer viral and M. catarrhalis detections in the first 3-months, while increased PM_2.5 and NO₂ were linked to earlier symptomatic rhinovirus and H. influenzae detections, respectively. However, no associations were observed with wheezing or asthma. Early-life exposure to air pollution and greenspace may influence early-life respiratory pathogen acquisition and illness.  .

In this study, the Geo-accumulation index (I_geo), Human Health Risk Assessment (HRA), and Ecological Risk Index (ERI) were utilized to examine the risks associated with the soils at the DaeyangYeongseong mine. Brassica juncea and Raphanus sativus were employed in the ecological toxicity test. In all soil samples, the mean I_geo value of arsenic measured 3.15, and cadmium measured 6.63, indicating a very high level of heavy metal contamination. The carcinogenic risk of cadmium and arsenic for adults was 4.30×10-3 and 1.43×10-5, respectively. For children, these values were 3.92 × 10-2 and 1.33 ×10-4, exceeding the acceptable level (1×10-6). In all soils, cadmium showed extremely high ecological risk levels, and arsenic had extremely high risk levels in 34.8% of the total area. This was also confirmed in toxicity assessments using plants. Therefore, arsenic and cadmium were found to be the main causes of soil contamination and ecological risk.

This study was conducted to determine the smartphone addiction and severity of depressive symptoms of high school students. In this descriptive cross-sectional and correlational study, the sample consisted of 1744 high school students. In the study, data were collected using a Descriptive Questionnaire, the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form, and the Depression Scale for Children. Data were analyzed in independent groups Student's t test, One-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and a multiple regression model. It was determined that the students' mean smartphone addiction score was affected by gender, grade level, school success, having problems with the family, relationship with family, relationship with friends, and social self-evaluation. The mean depression score was affected by family type, economic status, social self-evaluation. According to the multiple regression analysis, effects of socio-demographic variables on smartphone addiction were 25%. It was concluded that the socio-demographic characteristics of high school students have an effect on smartphone addiction and depression.

The present review aimed to evaluate the current situation of pesticide residues detected in shrimp (commercial species) on the Mexican coasts. The organochlorine pesticides (OC), α-endosulfan (210.01 ng g^-1), endosulfan sulfate (127.5 ng g^-1), heptachlor (126.04 ng g^-1 and γ-HCH (121.04 ng g^-1) are identified as the most common pesticides in shrimp tissues, with the Northwest area reporting the highest concentrations of these OC. Given that there is an under-evaluation of pesticide residue levels, there was a greater contribution of studies directed at the Northwest of the country considering that there are states that are among the main shrimp-producing and consumers entities. The concentrations and types of pesticides banned nationally and globally, due to their toxic effects on the population, were reported. Therefore, since the most current information is 19 years out of date, it is necessary to perform recent evaluations with sensible and precise methods.

The chemical contents of the endemic Onosma malatyana roots collected from Malatya/Türkiye were determined using the hydrodistillation and the soxhlet methods and antimicrobial activity analysis of the extracts was also performed. The hydrodistillation method applied to the roots of O.malatyana resulted in identifying 31 compounds according to their retention times in GC-MS analysis. Additionally, crude ethyl acetate and crude oil etheric extracts of O.malatyana roots contained 14 compounds each. This research identified that the main component of the essential oil obtained by the hydrodistillation method was palmitic acid comprising 56.48% of the total composition. Additionally, in the crude petroleum etheric extract, oleic acid methyl ester (31.22%); and palmitic acid (24.69%) were identified as the main components in the crude ethyl acetate extract. The results of the antimicrobial activities indicated that O.malatyana root extracts were particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, specifically S. aureus and B. subtilis.

Acrolein is considered a risk factor for indoor air health problems due to its reactivity. An objective of the study was to investigate prevalence of sensory irritation in terms of time-dependent detection and perceived intensity of symptoms in human volunteers. Another objective was to investigate individual variation in sensory irritation. Participants (n=40) were exposed twice in an exposure chamber (15 min), once to heptane and once to acrolein and heptane. Symptoms and sensory irritation thresholds were rated continuously and 70% of the participants detected eye irritation from the acrolein exposure. A significant interaction between time and exposure (ƞp²=0.19) was identified, indicating time-dependent activation. This group also reported a higher level of stress and lower self-reported health (p<0.05). The results suggest that the eye is the primary system affected by exposure to acrolein, and that duration of exposure and perceived stress play important roles in symptom reactions due to acrolein exposure.

This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical content and biological properties of Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. Four extracts-acetone, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform-were tested for antioxidant potential, enzymatic activity (peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase), antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. GC-MS analysis identified 34 bioactive compounds. The acetone extract exhibited the highest total alkaloid (5.8%), phenolic (752.78 ± 2.25 mg GAE/g), and flavonoid (285.78 ± 1.25 mg QE/g) content, along with the highest antioxidant (1489.42 ± 4.35 mg AAE/g) and enzyme activities. All extracts inhibited both Gram-positive and negative bacteria, with the acetone extract showing superior inhibition against S. aureus and B. subtilis. Additionally, the acetone and methanol extracts demonstrated anticancer effects on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. These findings suggest that Senna auriculata has potential as a therapeutic agent for various diseases.

This study aimed to measure telomere length in healthy children living next to Urmia Lake, Iran, which is exposed to salt dust from a drying lakebed. In this case-control pilot study, we recruited 39 sex- and age-matched healthy children from two different geographic regions to study the relative telomere lengths using qPCR. We categorized the study samples into high-impact and low-impact areas based on wind direction, aerosol particle level, and distance from the lake. Our main results revealed that children living in high-impact areas have shorter telomeres than those living in low-impact areas. Furthermore, according to our statistical model, parental age significantly affected telomere length in children, but inversely. When the father's age impact was positive, the mother had a negative effect. Based on our results, to prevent Urmia Lake from dying out completely, national and international organizations should implement comprehensive visions and strategies for its restoration.

We have undertaken a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between maternal exposure to air pollutants and outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Studies were identified through a comprehensive online search. After standardizing all air pollution concentrations to 10 μg/m³, we analyzed the levels of six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NO2, CO, and SO2) by applying a random effects model. A total of five articles met inclusion criteria upon final reviewing. Exposure to PM10, NO2, and CO was linked to the risk of ectopic pregnancy, while exposure to O3 was found to have a reverse association with biochemical pregnancy. Additionally, our analysis indicated a negative association between exposure to PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 and live birth rates, as well as between NO2 exposure and intrauterine pregnancy. Our study emphasized the relationship between exposure to ambient air pollution and negative effects on pregnancy outcomes for women undergoing IVF.