International Journal of Environmental Health Research最新文献

This study investigated the synergistic antibacterial potential of combining essential oils (EOs) from origanum, rosemary, and pepper using mixture design methodology. The EOs were extracted and analyzed by GC/MS, and their major compounds were identified as carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, and β-caryophyllene, respectively. A simplex-centroid mixture design was employed to optimize the EO combinations for enhanced antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The data were fitted to second-order polynomial equations, and the models were validated using Fisher tests and lack-of-fit assessments. High coefficients of determination (R² values near 1) indicated strong correlations between the models and experimental data. Residual analysis showed random distribution, confirming the validity of the fitted models. Desirability analysis suggested an optimal EO combination, which was experimentally validated, achieving 47.38% inhibition of Listeria and 50% inhibition of Salmonella. These findings highlight the potential of combining EOs through mathematical modeling to enhance their preservative effects. This study underscores the promise of natural EO mixtures as effective alternatives to synthetic preservatives for ensuring food safety and quality.

Examination of exposures over a lifetime of employment and work-related disease has largely focused on the effects of single agents. In reality, workers are exposed to mixtures of agents. In a community cohort of 1621 older participants (Hunter Community Study) with a mean age of 68.0 years (SD 6.8 yr), cognitive performance was assessed using the Audio Recorded Cognitive Screen, and lifetime occupational histories used to retrospectively estimate yearly exposures to a range of chemicals from the Finnish job-exposure matrix. This study utilised Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression - Distributed Lag Models to investigate potential time windows of increased susceptibility to cognitive effects following retirement. Furthermore, the research explored exposure-response relationships between multiple chemicals, with adjustments for covariates identified from a directed acyclic graph. Analysis identified a window of susceptibility from welding fume exposures 17 years after commencement of work at age 18. The negative effects from lead (Pb) at levels below current exposure standards were identified. Bivariate interactions from co-exposure of carbon monoxide to lead, toluene and trichloroethylene were identified, the magnitude of which may not be statistically meaningful. This study identified effects on cognition post-retirement associated with occupational exposures to a mixture of chemicals encountered throughout the participants' working life.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nutrition education on the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020), Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), Dietary Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI), Low-Carbohydrate Diet Score (LCDS), Glycemic Index (GI), and Glycemic Load (GL). Additionally, it assessed its impact on fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin levels, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR), and Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), which are biomarkers associated with prediabetes. The case-control study was conducted with female university students in the case (n = 39) and control (n = 37) groups who received nutrition education; dietary components were calculated over 24-hour dietary recall. Findings revealed that HEI-2020 scores were significantly higher (p = 0.006); insulin (p = 0.035), glucose (p = 0.023) and HOMA-IR (p = 0.026) levels were lower, and QUICKI values were higher (p = 0.025) in the case group. In adjusted models, higher tertiles of PHDI (T2-AOR = 12.039; 95%CI: 2.266-63.866), HEI-2020 (T2-AOR = 0.002; 95%CI: 0-0.462 and T3-AOR = 0.010; 95%CI: 0-0.457), and CQI (T2-AOR = 64.713; 95%CI: 4.585-91.775) were associated with lower odds of insulin resistance. Furthermore, a positive association was observed between dietary GI and the odds of insulin resistance (T2-AOR = 7.286; 95%CI: 2.349-52.6054). It was determined that nutrition education improved dietary quality and had positive effects on prediabetes-related metabolic parameters.

Exposure with free crystal silica is related with oxidative stress production and changes in essential elements levels. The present study aimed to measure protective role of resveratrol on the homeostatic changes of trace elements in toxicity induced by silica in rats. In present study, 20 male Wistar rats were randomly classified into 4 groups (n=5): 1). control group received physiologically saline (P.S.) ; 2) resveratrol group received Res orally 20 mg/kg/day; 3) silica group received intratracheal instillation (IT) of a single dose of silica suspension (50 mg/rat) of silica , and 4) rats in silica + Res group received silica (single IT)+ Res (20 mg/kg/day) once daily for 90 days and then levels of main trace elements (copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), selenium (Se) and magnesium (Mg)) was assessed in serum, liver, kidney and heart. According to results, a significant reduction was observed in level of different elements in serum and tissues of rats in silica group compared to control group while co-administrated with silica plus Res significant increased level of elements in serum and tissues compared to diazinon group. Based on results obtained, resveratrol is able to change content of trace elements in rats exposed to crystalline silica.

This study investigates the effects of prenatal stress induced by transient pressure fluctuations. To model this, pregnant rats were exposed to high-speed train indoor pressure (HIP) during the early stage of gestation. To assess the effects of these prenatal stressors, behavioral tests in adult offspring were conducted, focusing on both anxiety-like behaviors and emotional regulation, while hippocampus development was analyzed using histological and molecular techniques. Behavioral assessments revealed significant anxiety-like behaviors in the experimental group, indicating heightened anxiety. Further hippocampus analysis using histological techniques demonstrated a decrease in neuronal density and synaptic plasticity, particularly in the CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) regions. Molecular analysis revealed down-regulation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR), aberrant activation of the PLCγ1 signaling pathway, and up-regulation of NMDAR. These molecular alterations were particularly evident in female offspring. In summary, these findings suggest that maternal exposure to transient pressure fluctuations during early pregnancy disrupts hippocampal development, leading to long-term emotional regulation deficits and anxiety-like behaviors in offspring.

Continuous occupational exposure of fuel station workers to petrol and diesel vapors, which contain volatile organic compounds such as BTEXs, may adversely affect hematological parameters. This meta-analysis evaluated the impact of such exposures on blood indices. Online databases were systematically searched using relevant MeSH keywords. After removing duplicates, articles were screened, and quality was assessed using the Newcastle - Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model was applied to estimate standardized mean differences (SMD) in blood indices between exposed and unexposed groups. Sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and Egger's test were used to assess study influence, exposure duration, and publication bias. Thirty-seven studies, with 2244 exposed and 2106 unexposed participants, were included. Pooled results showed significant decreases in red blood cell count (SMD = -1.03, 95% CI: -1.54 to -0.52), white blood cell count (SMD = -0.54, 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.15), hemoglobin (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI: -1.34 to -0.31), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (SMD = -0.69, 95% CI: -1.14 to -0.23), while increases were observed in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. Changes were more pronounced with longer exposure. Overall, exposure to fuel vapors was linked to reduced red blood cell indices and increased white blood cell indices, serving as potential early indicators of adverse health effects.

Language development is a critical part of human development that unfolds across time. We aimed to examine how prenatal phthalate exposure affects early childhood language development, utilizing a robust longitudinal analysis methodology. Participants were drawn from the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) (n = 251) and the Markers of Autism Risk in Babies - Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) (n = 393) cohorts that recruited pregnant mothers who previously had a child with autism (ASD). Expressive and receptive language development was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL) at ages 6,12, 24, and 36 months. Fourteen phthalate metabolites were assessed in first morning urine in each trimester of pregnancy. We used latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to determine language trajectories and measure their associations with prenatal phthalqaates. We found three trajectories for both expressive and receptive languages. Most of the phthalates measured were not significantly associated with language development, though metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate decreased the risk of belonging to an abnormal receptive language trajectory. These observations, along with general trends observed within molecular weight classes, were largely consistent with prior literature.

While wildfire smoke is associated with adverse respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes, industrial fires are less researched. Between January 31 and 6 February 2022, a fire burned at a North Carolina fertilizer company. We examined whether populations living within 25-miles of the fertilizer plant had increased health services utilization during the fire week and following week. Inpatient, outpatient and observation/emergency department (ED) encounters with diagnosis codes for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and injuries at four medical centers were identified for the fire week and comparison weeks. Smoke exposure was estimated by ZIP code using a Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory dispersion model and categorized (high, moderate, low, none). Negative binomial regression estimated associations between smoke exposure levels and counts of encounters in outpatient, inpatient, and ED/observation settings. High smoke exposure was associated with a 78% greater rate of respiratory encounters across all settings (IRR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.25-2.57) compared to no smoke exposure. Each additional day with any smoke exposure was associated with a 28% greater rate of respiratory encounters (IRR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.11-1.49). Populations exposed to industrial fire smoke may have increased healthcare utilization, potentially informing resource planning.

Registration number: NCT05596916, 18 March 2023.

Primary aromatic amines (PAAs) are migrants, some of which are carcinogenic and classified by official organizations such as IARC Program. Consumers prefer kitchen utensils made of plastic, especially polyamides, for their ease of use and durability. Fifty-five samples of kitchen utensils were collected by retailers in Turkey. They were made of polyamide (40 samples), polypropylene (5 samples), polytetrafluoroethylene (5 samples), polyethylene (4 samples) and polystyrene (1 sample). Twenty targeted PAAs were analyzed in migration extracts using LC - MS/MS. Six PAAs-aniline (ANL), 4,4'-methylenedianiline (4,4'-MDA), 2,6-toluenediamine (2,6-TDA), 2,4-toluenediamine (2,4-TDA), 3,3'-dimethylbenzidine (3,3'-DMB), and o-toluidine (o-T) were detected in at least one of the 55 samples. ANL was the predominant PAAs in 20 samples below and above its limit of quantification (LOQ) values. The serving spoon (SS3 coded sample) had the highest aniline concentration at 0.057 mg/kg, followed by the crepe spatula (CS3) at 0.038 mg/kg. 4,4'-MDA and 3,3'-DMB were detected below their LOQ values in four and only one of the samples. After the third migration test, no PAAs were detected in any sample. The detected PAA concentrations were low, suggesting a limited potential health risk for consumers under the tested migration conditions, although the presence of PAA highlights the importance of continued monitoring.