International Journal of Environmental Health Research最新文献

This study assesses the association between water and sanitation quality with depressive symptoms across urban and rural areas in Indonesia. A cross-sectional study involving 30,446 participants using Indonesian Family Life Survey wave 5 (IFLS-5). Multivariate logistic regression models and mediation analysis were used. Among rural residents, unimproved water sources (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.01-1.26), un-boiled water consumption (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.27-1.68), and open defecation facility (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.09-1.41) were associated with increased odds of depressive symptoms. On the other hand, environmentally unfriendly garbage disposal was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.91). In urban areas, similarly, unimproved water sources (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.18-1.54), un-boiled water consumption (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 1.20-1.71), open defecation facility (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.99-1.36), and limited sanitation facility (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.31) were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms, while environmentally unfriendly garbage disposal increased the odds (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.06-1.23). No significance was noted regarding drainage sewage quality either for rural or urban areas. Mediation analysis indicated that comorbidity is significantly mediating WASH variables and depressive symptoms highlight the need for targeted interventions.

Sodium arsenite (NaAsO₂), a common environmental pollutant, negatively affects male fertility by impairing spermatogenesis, disrupting hormones, and inducing oxidative stress in testicular tissue. This study evaluated the protective effect of Senna occidentalis aqueous leaf extract (SOLAq) against NaAsO₂-induced reproductive toxicity in male Wistar rats. Twenty-five rats were randomly assigned to the five groups: Group 1 served as the control. Group 2 received NaAsO₂ (5 mg/kg) daily. Treatment groups 3 and 4 received a single daily dose of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of SOLAq  +  NaAsO₂ (5 mg/kg), respectively. Group 5 received Silymarin (50 mg/kg)  +   5 mg/kg of NaAsO₂. All treatments were administered orally for 28 days. Rat treated with only NaAsO₂ had a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in sperm concentration, motility, and viability besides a significant increase in immotile and morphologically abnormal spermatozoa and an increase in the MDA level together with a significant decrease in CAT, SOD, and GSH activity. Also, NaAsO₂ suppresses hormonal levels of FSH, LH and testosterone and affects testicular histopathological alterations. SOLAq co-treatment alleviated these effects by enhancing the antioxidant status, improving the sperm characteristics, normalizing hormonal profile, and maintaining testicular tissue structure in a dose-dependent manner.

This study assesses the risk of heavy metals in Kiwi fruit in Amlash County orchards. Thirty samples were collected from Kiwi orchards throughout the county. The concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) were measured using a coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-OES), utilizing a model 710ES device manufactured by Agilent USA. Non-cancer and cancer risk assessments were conducted for children and adults via the ingestion pathway. The results indicate that the highest concentration was observed for Fe (305.56 mg/kg), followed by Ni (24.691 mg/kg). The lowest concentrations were recorded for Cd (0.13 mg/kg), As (0.413 mg/kg), and Pb (0.8241 mg/kg). For children, the HQ values of Cu, Fe, Ni, and Pb were consistently over 1 with 95% certainty, whereas for Cd, it was near to 1 (0.9285). In adults, HQ of Cu, Fe, Ni, Cd, and Pb were consistently above 1, whereas only As, and Zn were below 1. The HI values of HMs (except for Cu and Fe) for adults and children were found to be 11.6324 and 25.2426, respectively. The cancer risks are above the acceptable limit for Zn, Fe, Ni, and As, respectively. Based on these findings, monitoring and intervention measures are necessary to mitigate soil contamination by HMs.

This longitudinal study evaluated the association between urban green space density and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in seven metropolitan cities of South Korea. Information on study participants was extracted from the Korea National Health Insurance Service database. The study population comprised 104,527 participants aged ≥ 40 years who underwent biennial health screening examinations between 2009 and 2010. Based on land use data retrieved from the Korean National Statistical Office, urban green space density was measured as the area of parks and artificially designed facilities per 1,000 people. Data on the incidence of new HCC were collected from medical treatment claims data from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2019. Compared to those living in the lowest quartile of green space density, those residing in the highest quartile had a lower risk of HCC incidence (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.96). The effect of green space density on reducing HCC risk was especially significant among participants who did not have prior competing liver disease or who did not drink alcohol. An average 18.53 m² per capita in urban green space density resulted in a 29% decrease in the incidence of HCC.

In the present study, Chitosanyl-N-(Naphthalene-1-yl-amine)acetimidamide was synthesized and used for the removal of bromophenol blue dye (BPB). The modified chitosan is confirmed by different characterization tools, i.e. FTIR, SEM, CHN and XRD. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed synthesis of N-chitosanylacetamide. While morphology, nature, size of modified chitosan was verified by XRD and SEM. The effects of several operational parameters, including pH (3-9), adsorbent dosage (0.06-0.16), time (30-135), and initial dye concentration (20-90ppm), were investigated. Optimal conditions for BPB adsorption were determined as 90 minutes contact time, pH 4, 80 ppm concentration, and 0.1 g adsorbent dosage. The adsorption process was evaluated using kinetic models and isotherms, showing that BPB adsorption follow a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm provided the best fit for the experimental data. Synthesized material showed profound stability after consecutive adsorption desorption cycle of reuse and achieving 92% dye removal at each stage. This result suggested that prepared biosorbent have potential applications in the treatment of effluents from textile industries.

Female phlebotomine sand flies are vectors of the protozoan parasites Leishmania spp. In Iran, Leishmania major and L. tropica are the causative agents of cutaneous Leishmaniasis. This epidemiological and descriptive cross-sectional study took place in 2021 to determine how sand flies are distributed in Hasanabad and Hossein-Abad, located in eastern Isfahan province, central Iran. Sand flies were screened for Leishmania DNA by semi-nested PCR and sequencing to discriminate between species. Overall, 363 collected sand flies were identified morphologically, among which 161 (44.4%) and 202 (55.6%) were from Hasanabad and Hossein-Abad, respectively; the most significant number was caught from outdoor places. Also, 34.4% and 65.6% of the sand flies were female and male, respectively. The most prevalent sand fly species were Phlebotomus papatasi (52.6%), followed by Ph. caucasicus (30.6%), Sergentomyia sintoni (13.2%), Sergentomyia spp. (1.9%), and the rest unknown (1.7%). Eight of sixty (13.33%) molecularly analyzed sand flies, including six Ph. papatasi and two S. sintoni, were infected with L. major, of which all were collected from outdoor environments in July.

The study investigates how bisphenol A (BPA) exposure may lead to obesity (OB) by identifying molecular mechanisms and suggests a new research approach for examining the health effects of chemical toxins. Researchers identified 237 potential targets associated with BPA exposure and OB using CTD, STITCH, DrugBank, GeneCards, and OMIM databases. Analysis with STRING and Cytoscape revealed 10 key targets, including INS, IL-6, AKT1, and PPARG. Enrichment analysis via the DAVID database indicated that these targets are primarily involved in PI3K-Akt and Insulin signaling pathways. These findings indicate that BPA may contribute to the occurrence and development of OB by influencing apoptosis, proliferation, inflammatory signaling, and insulin resistance. Molecular docking showed strong binding of BPA to INS, IL-6, AKT1, and PPARG, with molecular dynamics simulations revealing a stable complex of BPA and PPARG. This study offers insights into BPA's role in OB and supports efforts to prevent and treat OB diseases linked to exposure to BPA-containing plastic products and certain BPA-inundated environments.

Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) is linked to ischemic heart disease (IHD), but research on burden in China and across socio-demographic index (SDI) regions is limited. Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2021, we used joinpoint regression and age-period-cohort model to analyze the trend in deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of IHD attributable to SHS in China and five SDI regions from 1990 to 2021. Results showed that the age-standardized rates of death and DALY in China remained at a high level, and declined more slowly compared to the five SDI regions. The increasing trends in IHD death and DALY rates were found among Chinese men aged 25-94 and women aged 80-94, while the rates decreased in the five SDI regions. The period and cohort effects indicated a larger decline in deaths and DALYs among Chinese women than men, with the largest reduction in high SDI region. The population attributable fraction for IHD deaths and DALYs due to SHS in China decreased from 8.82% and 9.71% in 1990 to 7.45% and 8.09% in 2021, but remained the highest level compared to the five SDI regions. The findings highlight the need to reduce SHS exposure, especially among men and the elderly in China.

Few studies have found an association between extreme temperature events and an increased risk of recurrent ischemic stroke (IS). We examined associations between extreme temperature events (heat waves, cold spells) and recurrent IS risk in Tianjin, China (2019-2020), using a time-stratified case-crossover design, while evaluating greenness's moderating role. Significant heat wave effects peaked at lag 8, with severe intensity events increasing IS recurrence risk by 39.8% (OR = 1.398, 95% CI:1.032-1.894). Cold spell impacts peaked at lag 3, with moderate intensity cold spells elevating risk by 20.3% (OR = 1.203, 95% CI: 1.052-1.377) and severe intensity cold spells elevating risk by 98.2% (OR = 1.982, 95% CI: 1.407-2.791). Greenness modified these associations: low-greenness areas strengthened heat wave effects(lag9:OR = 2.309,95%CI:1.024-5.209) but weakened cold spell impacts(OR = 1.557,95%CI:1.037-2.340), whereas high-greenness areas attenuated heat wave links(lag8:OR = 1.402,95%CI:1.022-1.924) and nullified cold spell associations. Age and sex disparities emerged - younger individuals and males showed higher susceptibility to heat waves, while older individuals and males were more vulnerable to cold spells. The findings highlight greenness as a potential modifier of extreme temperature events-related IS recurrence risks and underscore demographic-specific vulnerabilities.

This study investigates the impact of flood events on leptospirosis incidence and mortality in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The study compared monthly data from 2007 to April 2024 (before flood) with data from 67 days following the flood event in May 2024. Data indicate significant fluctuations in confirmed cases and deaths across the years, with a notable increase in leptospirosis cases and mortality rates following the 2024 flood events. These findings suggest that floods potentiate the spread of leptospirosis due to contaminated water sources. The most affected demographic was the 20-59 age group, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Establishment of emergency medical services, implementing robust disease prevention measures, and enhancing healthcare and sanitation infrastructure are necessary to mitigate the health impacts of future floods. This study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive disaster preparedness and response strategies to safeguard public health against increasingly frequent extreme climate events.