International Journal of Engineering Science最新文献_第9页

On the electromagnetic Cosserat spectral modelling of fibre-reinforced composites with fibre bending stiffness 考虑纤维弯曲刚度的纤维增强复合材料的电磁Cosserat谱建模

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104360

M.H.B.M. Shariff

In this study, we develop a nonlinear framework based on spectral invariants to model the electromagnetic behaviour of fibre-reinforced composites, explicitly accounting for the fibre stiffness of the embedded fibres. Employing Cosserat continuum theory, we derive general constitutive equations for stress and couple stress that capture the interactions between mechanical and electromagnetic fields. These equations also enable a physically meaningful decomposition of the couple stress tensor. To model materials in which fibre bending plays a dominant role, we refine the general constitutive equations by restricting their dependence on fibre direction gradients to directional derivatives along the fibre axis. Prototype forms of the internal energy function are proposed for both the general and specialized cases. We demonstrate the applicability of the specialized model by solving boundary value problems involving fibre bending and inflation, highlighting its physical relevance. The results offer a foundation for the design and simulation of advanced smart materials, particularly in applications where electromagnetic effects and fibre microstructure are strongly coupled.

在这项研究中，我们开发了一个基于谱不变量的非线性框架来模拟纤维增强复合材料的电磁行为，明确地考虑了嵌入纤维的纤维刚度。采用Cosserat连续统理论，我们推导了应力和耦合应力的一般本构方程，这些本构方程捕捉了机械和电磁场之间的相互作用。这些方程还可以对耦合应力张量进行有物理意义的分解。为了模拟纤维弯曲起主导作用的材料，我们通过将其对纤维方向梯度的依赖限制为沿纤维轴的方向导数来改进一般本构方程。针对一般情况和特殊情况，提出了内能函数的原型形式。我们通过解决涉及纤维弯曲和膨胀的边值问题来证明专用模型的适用性，突出其物理相关性。研究结果为先进智能材料的设计和模拟提供了基础，特别是在电磁效应和纤维微观结构强耦合的应用中。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of wall models on hemodynamics in left coronary artery: A comparative numerical study 左冠状动脉壁模型对血流动力学影响的比较数值研究

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104358

Asif Equbal, Paragmoni Kalita

Hemodynamic variables are vital for understanding the progression of cardiovascular diseases, but their accuracy depends on assumptions about arterial wall behaviour. Although the left anterior descending (LAD) branch of the left coronary artery (LCA) has been reported to be highly susceptible to atherosclerosis, there is a significant lack of studies comparing the effects of different wall models in this context. This study employs two-way fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations to investigate the impact of rigid, elastic, and hyperelastic wall models on the hemodynamics of a moderately stenosed LAD branch in an idealised LCA. The non-Newtonian properties of blood are captured using the Carreau viscosity model. Key hemodynamic parameters—primary velocity (

V_{p}

), streamwise vorticity, time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), relative residence time (RRT), and fractional flow reserve (FFR)—are evaluated across these models. Results show that the rigid model mostly exhibits higher

V_{p}

and TAWSS at the stenosis throat compared to the elastic and hyperelastic models. It overestimates the peak TAWSS by 6.22 % and 14.46 % relative to the elastic and hyperelastic models, respectively, suggesting a higher risk of plaque rupture in rigid walls. In terms of plaque progression, both the pre- and post-stenotic regions of the arterial wall show the most extensive affected areas in the hyperelastic model compared to the rigid and elastic models, indicated by severe negative

V_{p}

and critically low values of TAWSS, and critically high values of OSI and RRT. The FFR value is the highest for the hyperelastic model (0.95), followed by the elastic (0.94) and rigid models (0.91). These findings underscore the importance of incorporating arterial wall flexibility in hemodynamic studies to improve risk assessment and clinical accuracy.

血液动力学变量对于了解心血管疾病的进展至关重要，但其准确性取决于对动脉壁行为的假设。尽管有报道称左冠状动脉（LCA）的左前降支（LAD）极易发生动脉粥样硬化，但在这种情况下，比较不同壁模型的影响的研究明显缺乏。本研究采用双向流固相互作用（FSI）模拟来研究刚性、弹性和超弹性壁模型对理想LCA中中度狭窄LAD分支血流动力学的影响。血液的非牛顿特性是用卡罗黏度模型捕获的。主要的血流动力学参数——初级速度（Vp）、流向涡度、时间平均壁剪切应力（TAWSS）、振荡剪切指数（OSI）、相对停留时间（RRT）和分流储备（FFR）——通过这些模型进行了评估。结果表明：与弹性和超弹性模型相比，刚性模型在狭窄喉部表现出更高的Vp和TAWSS；相对于弹性模型和超弹性模型，TAWSS峰值分别高估了6.22%和14.46%，这表明刚性壁斑块破裂的风险更高。在斑块进展方面，与刚性和弹性模型相比，超弹性模型中动脉壁的狭窄前和狭窄后区域都显示出最广泛的受影响区域，表现为严重的负vpp和TAWSS的极低值，以及OSI和RRT的极高值。超弹性模型的FFR值最高（0.95），其次是弹性模型（0.94）和刚性模型（0.91）。这些发现强调了将动脉壁柔韧性纳入血流动力学研究以提高风险评估和临床准确性的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

A novel computational framework for wave propagation analysis of periodic 3D small-size solids 周期性三维小尺寸固体波传播分析的新计算框架

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104350

Andrea Francesco Russillo, Giuseppe Failla

Analysing elastic wave propagation in periodic small-size structures plays an important role in the design of many micro- and nano-engineering devices. However, as ad hoc size-dependent continuum theories are required to capture size effects, pertinent computational tools shall be developed to characterize the wave propagation properties. In this context, this paper introduces an original computational framework to build the dispersion diagram of periodic 3D small-size solids of arbitrary shape, as modelled by the well-established Eringen’s nonlocal integral theory. The framework makes use of a suitable periodic Bloch ansatz to represent the response variables involved in the weak formulation of the integro-differential free-vibration equilibrium equations of the unit cell. Building on the periodicity of the Bloch ansatz and introducing an appropriate change of variables, it is shown that the integral coupling the response at a given point of the unit cell to the responses at all points of the solid can be reverted to the summation of integrals defined on the domain of the unit cell only. This remarkable result paves the way to solve the wave propagation problem by a finite element formulation of the free-vibration equilibrium equations of the unit cell, which involves a standard mass matrix, a local stiffness matrix and a nonlocal stiffness matrix, with the latter being expressed by the infinite summation of nonlocal matrices accounting for the nonlocal interactions between the unit cell and the surrounding cells of the solid. In fact, the summation can be truncated to a finite order depending on the nonlocal horizon of the kernel function selected for the nonlocal integral model and the dispersion diagram can be obtained from a linear eigenvalue problem, derived enforcing the Bloch conditions in the finite element free-vibration equilibrium equations of the unit cell. Numerical applications substantiate correctness and accuracy of the proposed framework, which enables a consistent application of the Eringen’s nonlocal integral theory to study wave propagation in periodic 3D small-size structures of arbitrary shape, for the first time to the best of authors’ knowledge.

分析弹性波在周期性小尺寸结构中的传播在许多微纳米工程器件的设计中起着重要的作用。然而，由于需要特别的尺寸依赖连续体理论来捕捉尺寸效应，因此应开发相关的计算工具来表征波的传播特性。在此背景下，本文介绍了一种原始的计算框架来建立任意形状的周期性三维小尺寸固体的色散图，该色散图由已建立的Eringen非局部积分理论建模。该框架利用一个合适的周期Bloch方差来表示单元格的积分-微分自由振动平衡方程弱表达式中涉及的响应变量。基于Bloch函数的周期性，并引入适当的变量变换，证明了单元格中某一点的响应与固体中所有点的响应耦合的积分可以还原为仅在单元格域上定义的积分之和。这一显著的结果为用单元格自由振动平衡方程的有限元形式来解决波传播问题铺平了道路。单元格的自由振动平衡方程包括标准质量矩阵、局部刚度矩阵和非局部刚度矩阵，后者由非局部矩阵的无限求和来表示，考虑了单元格与固体周围单元之间的非局部相互作用。事实上，根据为非局部积分模型选择的核函数的非局部视界，可以将求和截断到有限阶，并且可以从线性特征值问题中获得色散图，该问题在单元格的有限元自由振动平衡方程中得到Bloch条件。数值应用证实了所提框架的正确性和准确性，这使得Eringen非局部积分理论能够在任意形状的周期性三维小尺寸结构中一致地应用于研究波的传播，这是作者所知的第一次。

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引用次数: 0

A configuration-enabled multiscale method for porous mechanical metamaterial structures incorporating nonlocal and surface effects 包含非局部和表面效应的多孔机械超材料结构的构型多尺度方法

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104354

Yi Jiao, Shuo Li, Li Li

Metamaterials exhibit counterintuitive mechanical behaviors that derive from their artificial mesostructural configuration rather than the mechanical properties of each individual component. However, classical multiscale homogenization methods cannot capture the counterintuitive mechanical behaviors. This paper explores the role of mesoscopic configurations on the counterintuitive mechanical behavior of porous mechanical metamaterial structures, attributing the observed effects to nonlocal and surface effects arising from the configurations. A configuration-enabled multiscale method incorporating nonlocal and surface effects is proposed for porous mechanical metamaterial structures to efficiently and accurately forecast the configuration-induced nonlocal and surface effects. In the mesoscale, a variable-thickness representative volume element (RVE) is constructed; based on the variable-thickness RVE, the intrinsic length parameters of nonlocal and surface effects are calibrated for different configurations, thereby constructing an offline dataset. In the macroscale, porous mechanical metamaterial structures are modeled as homogenization structures incorporating nonlocal and surface effects, and the closed-form solution of displacements is derived for porous mechanical metamaterial bars. With the help of the offline dataset of the intrinsic length parameters and the closed-form solution of displacements, the performance of the proposed configuration-enabled multiscale approach, evaluated in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency, is directly compared to a high-fidelity finite element method (FEM) that fully solves the mesoscopic structural configuration. Results indicate that the configuration-enabled multiscale method incorporating nonlocal and surface effects not only offers an accurate representation of the multiscale architecture, significantly outperforming the classical multiscale homogenization approach, but also significantly reduces the computational efficiency of the high-fidelity FEM.

超材料表现出违反直觉的力学行为，这些行为来自于它们的人工介观结构构型，而不是每个单独组分的力学性能。然而，经典的多尺度均匀化方法无法捕捉到反直觉的力学行为。本文探讨了介观结构对多孔力学超材料结构的反直觉力学行为的作用，并将观察到的效应归因于由介观结构引起的非局部和表面效应。为了有效、准确地预测多孔力学超材料结构的非局部和表面效应，提出了一种包含非局部和表面效应的构型多尺度方法。在中尺度上，构造了变厚度代表体积元（RVE）；在变厚度RVE的基础上，针对不同的配置，标定了非局部效应和表面效应的本征长度参数，从而构建了离线数据集。在宏观尺度上，将多孔力学超材料结构建模为包含非局部和表面效应的均质结构，推导了多孔力学超材料杆的位移闭合解。借助固有长度参数的离线数据集和位移的封闭形式解，将所提出的构型支持多尺度方法的性能在精度和计算效率方面进行了评估，并直接与完全解决细观结构构型的高保真有限元方法（FEM）进行了比较。结果表明，结合非局部和表面效应的构型多尺度方法不仅能准确表征多尺度结构，显著优于经典的多尺度均匀化方法，而且能显著降低高保真有限元的计算效率。

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引用次数: 0

An efficient decoupling algorithm for thermoelastic dynamic system of elliptic membrane shell 椭圆膜壳热弹性动力系统的有效解耦算法

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104353

Wangxi Duan , Xiaoqin Shen , Paolo Piersanti , Ying Liu , Mingchao Cai

In this study, we propose a novel computational framework for approximating the dynamics of the elliptic membrane shell model when it is coupled with thermal equations. The algorithm we propose here effectively addresses the coupling between the displacement and temperature fields, significantly reducing computational complexity. Spatial discretization is performed using the finite element method, while time discretization is based on the Newmark–Crank–Nicolson scheme. Numerical experiments are conducted on parts of elliptic and spherical shells, and the corresponding errors are analyzed for different values of the Newmark parameters and spatial steps for varying material parameters. Notably, we observe that the error convergence is influenced by the symmetry of the middle surface of the elliptic membrane under consideration.

在这项研究中，我们提出了一个新的计算框架来近似椭圆膜壳模型的动力学，当它与热方程耦合时。本文提出的算法有效地解决了位移场和温度场之间的耦合问题，大大降低了计算复杂度。空间离散采用有限元方法，时间离散采用Newmark-Crank-Nicolson格式。对椭圆壳和球壳零件进行了数值实验，分析了不同材料参数下Newmark参数值和空间步长所对应的误差。值得注意的是，我们观察到误差收敛受到所考虑的椭圆膜中间表面对称性的影响。

引用次数: 0

Global and local vertical stiffness of laminated rubber bearings under severe compression and lateral deformation 层合橡胶支座在剧烈压缩和侧向变形下的整体和局部竖向刚度

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104357

Ying Zhou , Mohammed Samier Sebaq

Previous studies mainly evaluated the global vertical stiffness (K_v) of laminated rubber bearings, typically considering the total vertical deformation as the sum of individual rubber layers. Under pure compression, maximum deformation occurs in the top layer. However, under combined axial pressure and lateral deformation, deformation distribution shifts, with the location of maximum deformation varying with lateral displacement magnitude among the rubber layers. Thus, evaluating the local K_v of each rubber layer is essential to accurately capture mechanical behavior. A layer-by-layer analysis identifies the most deformed layer under different lateral displacements, enabling determination of the minimum local K_v. Finite element simulations are significantly improved by incorporating the Mullins effect and Prony-series viscoelasticity into the Yeoh hyperelastic model, thereby capturing the full loading and unloading behavior and achieving strong agreement with experimental data. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into both the global and local K_v of rubber bearings, considering variations in the first and second shape factors (S₁ and S₂) and different axial pressure levels (P, 2P, and 3P), where P denotes the design pressure. The results indicate that increasing S₂ enhances global K_v but also leads to more severe degradation in local K_v. In contrast, higher S₁ values improve bearing stability and reduce the sensitivity of local K_v relative to global K_v. Bearings with low S₁ and high S₂ exhibit greater stiffness reduction under increasing axial pressure, while higher S₁ values mitigate this effect. Finally, empirical formulations for normalized global and local stiffness are proposed, showing good correlation with both finite element and experimental results.

以往的研究主要是评估叠合橡胶支座的整体竖向刚度（Kv），通常将总竖向变形视为单个橡胶层的总和。纯压缩时，最大变形发生在顶层。但在轴向压力和侧向变形联合作用下，变形分布发生偏移，最大变形位置随侧向位移的大小而变化。因此，评估每个橡胶层的局部Kv对于准确捕获力学行为至关重要。通过逐层分析，可以确定在不同横向位移下变形最大的层，从而确定最小的局部Kv。通过将Mullins效应和prony系列粘弹性纳入到Yeoh超弹性模型中，有限元模拟得到了显著改进，从而捕获了全加载和卸载行为，与实验数据具有很强的一致性。考虑到第一和第二形状因子（S₁和S₂）的变化以及不同的轴向压力水平（P、2P和3P），本研究对橡胶轴承的整体和局部Kv进行了全面调查，其中P表示设计压力。结果表明，随着S₂的增加，总Kv值增大，但局部Kv值的下降更为严重。相反，较高的S₁值提高了轴承稳定性，降低了局部Kv相对于全局Kv的灵敏度。随着轴向压力的增加，低S₁和高S₂的轴承刚度降低幅度更大，而高S₁值则会缓解这种影响。最后，提出了归一化全局和局部刚度的经验公式，与有限元和实验结果均具有良好的相关性。

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引用次数: 0

Fluid-structure interaction in an arteriovenous fistula: An assumption-related sensitivity analysis 动静脉瘘的流固相互作用：假设相关的敏感性分析

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104355

Daniel Jodko , Tracie Barber

As the two-way coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) methodology has become a widely accepted numerical tool for solving biomedical engineering problems, several questions have arisen regarding the assumptions that must be made when employing FSI. This study focuses on the assumption-related sensitivity FSI analysis of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) case. AVF is the widely accepted vascular access for hemodialysis, in which highly disturbed non-physiological blood flow is observed and mutual fluid-wall interaction is unavoidable. In the presented high-flow AVF, blood rheology played a minor role since the used Newtonian and non-Newtonian models overlap in the high-shear strain environment. Critical factors that play an important role in FSI simulations were analysed: 1) damping of loose connective tissue (LCT) embedding the AVF vasculature, 2) outlet pressure conditions and dealing with pressurization phase, 3) compliance of LCT, and 4) compliance of blood vessel walls. All of the above-mentioned mechanical factors to some extent affected the temporal quantitative results: lower damping can lead to wall vibrations resulting in biological response; correct procedure coping with the pressurization phase is of very high importance as data concerning the geometry of vasculature are acquired in the prestressed state; the total wall compliance resulting from the elasticity of walls and LCT remains unknown but may be responsible for significant differences in wall extension and temporal progression of hemodynamic parameters. However, when flow parameters are averaged over time, properly performed FSI produces comparable results to the rigid wall approach, which may be alternatively used to analyse hemodynamics in relatively small or stiff vascular models.

随着双向耦合流固耦合（FSI）方法成为解决生物医学工程问题的一种广泛接受的数值工具，在使用FSI时必须做出一些假设，出现了一些问题。本研究的重点是动静脉瘘（AVF）病例的假设相关敏感性FSI分析。AVF是被广泛接受的血液透析血管通路，其中观察到高度紊乱的非生理性血流，并且不可避免地相互作用。在本文提出的高流量AVF中，由于牛顿模型和非牛顿模型在高剪切应变环境中重叠，血液流变学起了次要作用。分析了在FSI模拟中发挥重要作用的关键因素：1)嵌入AVF血管的松散结缔组织（LCT）的阻尼，2)出口压力条件和加压阶段的处理，3)LCT的顺应性，以及4)血管壁的顺应性。上述力学因素都在一定程度上影响了时间定量结果：较低的阻尼会导致壁面振动产生生物反应；处理加压阶段的正确程序非常重要，因为有关血管几何结构的数据是在预应力状态下获得的；由壁和LCT弹性引起的壁总顺应性尚不清楚，但可能是导致壁延伸和血流动力学参数时间进展的显著差异的原因。然而，当流动参数随时间平均时，正确执行的FSI产生的结果与刚性壁方法相当，刚性壁方法可用于分析相对较小或刚性血管模型的血流动力学。

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引用次数: 0

A network alteration theory of rubbery polymers for exploring the damage and mechanochemistry 橡胶聚合物的网络蚀变理论及其损伤和力学化学研究

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104359

Ziyu Xing

The constitutive behavior of rubbery polymers, particularly their elasticity and damage mechanisms, has been a significant area of interest for scientists due to its crucial role in engineering applications. This study suggests that the primary causes of damage and mechanochemical network alterations in these rubbery polymers are chain rupture, fluctuations in crosslinking points, and disentanglement. The proposed model suggests that both network and chain damage and mechanochemistry are consequences of instantaneous free energy effects and alterations in end-to-end vectors, which are analyzed using the Flory-Huggins lattice-like theory and rubber elasticity. This study posits that polymer damage follows a dangling and evolution of networks, which results in a constant magnitude of free energy terms but a decreasing slope (stress), ultimately leading to decreased mechanical properties. For the first time, this paper utilizes the Flory-Huggins lattice-like model to quantify conformational changes in rubbery polymers resulting from chain rupture and crosslinking point fluctuations, enabling the quantification of the mechanical dependency of mechanochemical effects in these polymers, specifically showing a scaling of the first strain invariant squared. The paper also presents and analysis a series of experiments, including hysteresis energetics, uniaxial loading-unloading tests, uniaxial and pure shear loading-unloading tests, and balloon inflation cycling, to confirm the accuracy and validity of the modeling, offering potential theoretical solutions for the design of rubbery polymers and the mitigation of damage and mechanochemistry.

橡胶聚合物的本构行为，特别是其弹性和损伤机制，由于其在工程应用中的关键作用，一直是科学家感兴趣的一个重要领域。这项研究表明，这些橡胶聚合物的损伤和机械化学网络改变的主要原因是链断裂、交联点波动和解缠。所提出的模型表明，网络和链的损伤以及机械化学都是瞬时自由能效应和端到端矢量变化的结果，并使用Flory-Huggins晶格理论和橡胶弹性进行了分析。本研究假设聚合物损伤遵循网络的悬垂和进化，这导致自由能项的恒定幅度，但斜率（应力）下降，最终导致机械性能下降。本文首次利用Flory-Huggins晶格模型来量化橡胶聚合物中由链断裂和交联点波动引起的构象变化，从而量化这些聚合物中机械化学效应的机械依赖性，特别是显示了第一应变不变量平方的缩放。本文还介绍和分析了一系列的实验，包括迟滞能量学，单轴加载-卸载试验，单轴和纯剪切加载-卸载试验，以及气球充气循环，以证实模型的准确性和有效性，为橡胶聚合物的设计和减少损伤和力学化学提供了潜在的理论解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Asymptotic formulation of the role of shear loads on multi-layered thin shells and classification of their deformation modes 剪切荷载作用于多层薄壳的渐近公式及其变形模式的分类

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104348

Xiwei Pan , Yichao Zhu

Shell structures are generally modeled based on kinematic hypotheses, where some of the parameters are preferentially evaluated in a phenomenological manner. In this article, asymptotic analysis against the underlying three-dimensional equation system is considered so as to provide a rational framework for modeling and interpreting the deformation behavior of multi-layered thin shells (MTSs). Capable of accurately predicting both overall stiffness and detailed stress distribution, the proposed shell theory shows its distinguishing features at least in the following aspects. Firstly, it naturally introduces a rule for classifying the deformation modes of MTSs based on the magnitude of the maximum dimensionless principal curvature. Secondly, for each class, the hierarchy in the order of the involved field quantities is examined, and it is shown that when the product of the maximum principal curvature and the characteristic shell size reaches the magnitude of unity or larger, the resulting shell theory cannot be treated by natural extension of plate theories. Lastly, it is demonstrated that, for moderate shear forces and comparable material properties, a leading-order multi-layered shell theory derived from asymptotic analysis should suffice to output satisfactory predictions over the shell stiffness, as well as its internal stress distribution. Numerical examples of the deformation and strength analysis for MTSs are also presented to show the reliability of the leading-order model.

壳结构通常基于运动学假设建模，其中一些参数优先以现象学的方式进行评估。本文考虑了对底层三维方程组的渐近分析，从而为多层薄壳（mts）的变形行为建模和解释提供了一个合理的框架。所提出的壳体理论能够准确地预测整体刚度和详细应力分布，至少在以下几个方面显示出其独特的特点。首先，引入了一种基于最大无量纲主曲率大小的mts变形模式分类规则。其次，对每一类所涉及的场量进行了层次分析，结果表明，当最大主曲率与特征壳尺寸的乘积达到或大于1量级时，得到的壳理论不能用板理论的自然推广来处理。最后，研究表明，对于中等剪切力和类似的材料性能，由渐近分析得出的首阶多层壳理论应该足以输出令人满意的壳刚度及其内应力分布预测。最后给出了mts变形和强度分析的数值算例，验证了该模型的可靠性。

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引用次数: 0

Kinetic modeling of blood cells in a turbulent environment and its effect on hemolysis 湍流环境中血细胞的动力学建模及其对溶血的影响

IF 5.7 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

International Journal of Engineering Science

Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2025.104349

Qilong Lian, Yuan Xiao, Zhanshuo Cao, Lingyu Meng, Guomin Cui

Through careful physical modeling, this study provides insight into the effect of forces on hemolysis exerted on blood cells in the viscous subrange of the turbulence spectrum. We constructed a simplified coupling model of eddy currents with blood cells and analyzed it using a membrane tension quantification index directly related to hemolysis. It is found that the membrane tension resulting from blood cell interactions changes the overall ensemble force by an order of magnitude and more, and in some high-energy vortices, even dominates the ensemble force. This finding emphasizes that blood cannot simply be regarded as a dilute flow field in simulating the hemolysis process, but the real mechanical forces exerted on blood cells must be fully considered. Based on these findings, we propose an improved blood cell shear force model, which optimizes the classical Kolmogorov theoretical formulation in the viscous subrange, and by combining the model with the blood cell trajectory equation, we have successfully modified the force environment of blood cells, which makes the simulation results closer to the reality. Under two operating conditions of the FDA blood pump (2.5 L/min, 3500 rpm, 7.0 L/min, 3500 rpm), the turbulent intermittency inside the flow field reaches the maximum effect at multiple Reynolds numbers. The error of the relative hemolysis value calculated by the new model is significantly reduced compared with the original model. The error from the experiments reached less than 8% under multiple computational conditions, demonstrating an excellent prediction ability.

通过仔细的物理建模，本研究深入了解了在湍流谱的粘性子范围内施加在血细胞上的溶血力的影响。我们建立了涡流与血细胞的简化耦合模型，并使用与溶血直接相关的膜张力定量指标对其进行了分析。研究发现，由血细胞相互作用引起的膜张力使整体系综力发生了一个数量级以上的变化，在某些高能涡旋中，甚至主导了系综力。这一发现强调了在模拟溶血过程时，不能简单地把血液看作是一个稀释的流场，而必须充分考虑施加在血细胞上的真实机械力。在此基础上，我们提出了一种改进的血细胞剪切力模型，该模型在黏性子范围内对经典Kolmogorov理论公式进行了优化，并将该模型与血细胞轨迹方程相结合，成功地修正了血细胞的受力环境，使模拟结果更接近现实。FDA血泵在2.5 L/min, 3500 rpm, 7.0 L/min， 3500 rpm两种工况下，流场内部湍流间歇性在多个雷诺数时效果最大。与原模型相比，新模型计算的相对溶血值误差明显减小。在多种计算条件下，实验误差小于8%，具有良好的预测能力。

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引用次数: 0