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Solution to a case involving the interpretation of trace degraded DNA mixtures. 痕量降解 DNA 混合物解读案例解决方案。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03302-3
Ji Chen, Anqi Chen, Ruiyang Tao, Ruxin Zhu, Han Zhang, Xuechun You, Chengtao Li, Suhua Zhang

DNA mixture analysis poses a significant challenge in forensic genetics, particularly when dealing with degraded and trace amount DNA samples. Multi-SNPs (MNPs) are genetic markers similar to microhaplotypes but with smaller molecular sizes (< 75 bp), making them theoretically more suitable for analyzing degraded and trace amount samples. In this case report, we investigated a cold case involving a campstool stored for over a decade, aiming to detect and locate the suspect's DNA. We employed both conventional capillary electrophoresis-based short tandem repeat (CE-STR) analysis and next-generation sequencing-based multi-SNP (NGS-MNP) analysis. The typing results and deconvolution of the mixed CE-STR profiles were inconclusive regarding the presence of the suspect's DNA in the mixed samples. However, through NGS-MNP analysis and presence probability calculations, we determined that the suspect's DNA was present in the samples from Sect. 4-1 with a probability of 1-8.41 × 10- 6 (99.999159%). This evidence contradicted the suspect's statement and aided in resolving the case. Our findings demonstrate the significant potential of MNP analysis for examining degraded and trace amount DNA mixtures in forensic investigations.

DNA 混合物分析是法医遗传学的一项重大挑战,尤其是在处理降解和痕量 DNA 样本时。多SNPs(MNPs)是一种遗传标记,与微单型相似,但分子尺寸较小(- 6 (99.999159%))。这一证据与嫌疑人的陈述相矛盾,有助于案件的侦破。我们的研究结果表明,在法医调查中,MNP 分析在检测降解和痕量 DNA 混合物方面具有巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Inference of forensic body fluids/tissues based on mitochondrial DNA copy number: a preliminary study. 基于线粒体 DNA 拷贝数的法医体液/组织推断:初步研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03317-w
Ran Li, Jingyi Yang, Nana Wang, Yu Zang, Jiajun Liu, Enlin Wu, Riga Wu, Hongyu Sun

The inference of body fluids and tissues is critical in reconstructing crime scenes and inferring criminal behaviors. Nevertheless, present methods are incompatible with conventional DNA genotyping, and additional testing might result in excessive consumption of forensic scene materials. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of distinguishing common body fluids/tissues through the difference in mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn). Four types of body fluids/tissues were analyzed in this study - hair, saliva, semen, and skeletal muscle. MtDNAcn was estimated by dividing the read counts of mitochondrial DNA to that of nuclear DNA (RRmt/nu). Results indicated that there were significant differences in RRmt/nu between different body fluids/tissues. Specifically, hair samples exhibited the highest RRmt/nu (log10RRmt/nu: 4.3 ± 0.28), while semen samples showed the lowest RRmt/nu (log10RRmt/nu: -0.1 ± 0.28). RRmt/nu values for DNA samples without extraction were notably higher (approximately 2.9 times) than those obtained after extraction. However, no significant difference in RRmt/nu was observed between various age and gender groups. Hierarchical clustering and Kmeans clustering analyses showed that body fluids/tissues of the same type clustered closely to each other and could be inferred with high accuracy. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the simultaneous detection of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA made it possible to perform conventional DNA analyses and body fluid/tissue inference at the same time, thus killing two birds with one stone. Furthermore, mtDNAcn has the potential to serve as a novel and promising biomarker for the identification of body fluids/tissues.

体液和组织的推断对于重建犯罪现场和推断犯罪行为至关重要。然而,目前的方法与传统的 DNA 基因分型不兼容,而且额外的检测可能会导致法医现场材料的过度消耗。本研究旨在探讨通过线粒体 DNA 拷贝数(mtDNAcn)的差异来区分常见体液/组织的可行性。本研究分析了四种体液/组织--毛发、唾液、精液和骨骼肌。线粒体 DNA 的读数除以核 DNA 的读数(RRmt/nu),即可估算出 mtDNAcn。结果表明,不同体液/组织之间的 RRmt/nu 存在显著差异。具体来说,头发样本的 RRmt/nu 值最高(log10RRmt/nu:4.3 ± 0.28),而精液样本的 RRmt/nu 值最低(log10RRmt/nu:-0.1 ± 0.28)。未提取 DNA 样本的 RRmt/nu 值明显高于提取后的样本(约 2.9 倍)。不过,不同年龄和性别组之间的 RRmt/nu 没有明显差异。层次聚类和 Kmeans 聚类分析显示,同类体液/组织之间的聚类关系密切,推断的准确性很高。总之,这项研究表明,同时检测核DNA和线粒体DNA可使传统的DNA分析和体液/组织推断同时进行,一举两得。此外,mtDNAcn 有可能成为一种新型的、有前途的生物标记物,用于体液/组织的鉴定。
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引用次数: 0
Forensic bone age assessment of hand and wrist joint MRI images in Chinese han male adolescents based on deep convolutional neural networks. 基于深度卷积神经网络的中国汉族男性青少年手部和腕关节 MRI 图像的法医骨龄评估
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03282-4
Hui-Ming Zhou, Zhi-Lu Zhou, Yu-Heng He, Tai-Ang Liu, Lei Wan, Ya-Hui Wang

In Chinese criminal law, the ages of 12, 14, 16, and 18 years old play a significant role in the determination of criminal responsibility. In this study, we developed an epiphyseal grading system based on magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the hand and wrist for the Chinese Han population and explored the feasibility of employing deep learning techniques for bone age assessment based on MRI of the hand and wrist. This study selected 282 Chinese Han Chinese males aged 6.0-21.0 years old. In the course of our study, we proposed a novel deep learning model for extracting and enhancing MRI hand and wrist bone features to enhance the prediction of target MRI hand and wrist bone age and achieve precise classification of the target MRI and regression of bone age. The evaluation metric for the classification model including precision, specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy, while the evaluation metrics chosen for the regression model are MAE. The epiphyseal grading was used as a supervised method, which effectively solved the problem of unbalanced sample distribution, and the two experts showed strong consistency in the epiphyseal plate grading process. In the classification results, the accuracy in distinguishing between adults and minors was 91.1%, and the lowest accuracy in the three minor classifications (12, 14, and 16 years of age) was 94.6%, 91.1% and 96.4%, respectively. The MAE of the regression results was 1.24 years. In conclusion, the deep learning model proposed enabled the age assessment of hand and wrist bones based on MRI.

在中国刑法中,12 岁、14 岁、16 岁和 18 岁对刑事责任的认定起着重要作用。在本研究中,我们为中国汉族人群开发了基于手部和腕部磁共振成像(MRI)的骺板分级系统,并探索了基于手部和腕部磁共振成像的骨龄评估采用深度学习技术的可行性。本研究选取了 282 名年龄在 6.0-21.0 岁之间的中国汉族男性作为研究对象。在研究过程中,我们提出了一种新颖的深度学习模型,用于提取和增强核磁共振手部和腕部骨骼特征,以增强对目标核磁共振手部和腕部骨龄的预测,实现目标核磁共振的精确分类和骨龄回归。分类模型的评价指标包括精确度、特异度、灵敏度和准确度,回归模型的评价指标则选择 MAE。骺板分级采用监督方法,有效解决了样本分布不均衡的问题,两位专家在骺板分级过程中表现出较强的一致性。在分类结果中,区分成年人和未成年人的准确率为 91.1%,在三个未成年人分类(12 岁、14 岁和 16 岁)中准确率最低,分别为 94.6%、91.1% 和 96.4%。回归结果的 MAE 为 1.24 岁。总之,所提出的深度学习模型能够根据核磁共振成像对手部和腕部骨骼进行年龄评估。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnostic accuracy of post-mortem computed tomography for fractures of the hyoid-larynx complex. 死后计算机断层扫描对舌骨-喉复合体骨折的诊断准确性。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03293-1
Josephine Ploug Hansen, Sara Tangmose Larsen, Christina Jacobsen

Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is routinely used at many forensic institutions to guide the following autopsy and is especially useful for diagnosing fractures. This systematic review aims to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of a PMCT scan in fracture diagnosis of the hyoid-larynx complex (HLC) compared to traditional autopsy in cases involving traumatic neck injuries. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science and included papers with cases n ≥ 3 published between January 2000 and April 2023 reporting on PMCT and autopsy findings of fractures of the HLC. The search provided 259 results of which 10 were included. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.70 [0.59; 0.79] and 0.92 [0.80; 0.97] for hyoid bone fractures and 0.80 [0.62; 0.91] and 0.76 [0.63; 0.85] for the thyroid cartilage. The results show great variation, and a large range between studies. These results indicate that PMCT cannot replace autopsy in cases with HLC fractures. Future larger prospective studies are needed, examining fracture details, scan protocols and different slice thicknesses using uniform reporting.

死后计算机断层扫描(PMCT)是许多法医机构用于指导尸检的常规方法,尤其适用于诊断骨折。本系统综述旨在研究在涉及颈部外伤的病例中,与传统尸检相比,PMCT 扫描对舌骨-喉复合体(HLC)骨折诊断的敏感性和特异性。我们检索了PubMed、SCOPUS和Web of Science,纳入了2000年1月至2023年4月期间发表的病例数n≥3的论文,这些论文报道了PMCT和尸检对HLC骨折的发现。搜索结果共 259 条,其中 10 条被纳入。舌骨骨折的总体敏感性和特异性分别为 0.70 [0.59; 0.79] 和 0.92 [0.80; 0.97],甲状软骨骨折的总体敏感性和特异性分别为 0.80 [0.62; 0.91] 和 0.76 [0.63; 0.85]。这些结果表明,不同研究之间的差异很大,范围也很大。这些结果表明,在HLC骨折病例中,PMCT不能取代尸检。今后需要进行更大规模的前瞻性研究,使用统一的报告方法检查骨折细节、扫描方案和不同的切片厚度。
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引用次数: 0
Coenzyme Q deficiency may predispose to sudden unexplained death via an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia. 缺乏辅酶Q可能会增加心律失常的风险,从而导致不明原因的猝死。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03265-5
Shouyu Wang, Cordula Haas, Zhimin Wang, Jianghua Du, Zijie Lin, Guanghui Hong, Liliang Li, Ruiyang Tao, Yiwen Shen, Jacqueline Neubauer

Cardiac arrhythmia is currently considered to be the direct cause of death in a majority of sudden unexplained death (SUD) cases, yet the genetic predisposition and corresponding endophenotypes contributing to SUD remain incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the involvement of Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency in SUD. First, we re-analyzed the exome sequencing data of 45 SUD and 151 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) cases from our previous studies, focusing on previously overlooked genetic variants in 44 human CoQ deficiency-related genes. A considerable proportion of the SUD (38%) and SIDS (37%) cases were found to harbor rare variants with likely functional effects. Subsequent burden testing, including all rare exonic and untranslated region variants identified in our case cohorts, further confirmed the existence of significant genetic burden. Based on the genetic findings, the influence of CoQ deficiency on electrophysiological and morphological properties was further examined in a mouse model. A significantly prolonged PR interval and an increased occurrence of atrioventricular block were observed in the 4-nitrobenzoate induced CoQ deficiency mouse group, suggesting that CoQ deficiency may predispose individuals to sudden death through an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Overall, our findings suggest that CoQ deficiency-related genes should also be considered in the molecular autopsy of SUD.

目前,心律失常被认为是大多数不明原因猝死(SUD)病例的直接死因,但导致SUD的遗传易感性和相应的内表型仍不完全清楚。本研究旨在探讨辅酶Q(CoQ)缺乏与不明原因猝死的关系。首先,我们重新分析了之前研究中45例SUD和151例婴儿猝死综合征(SIDS)病例的外显子组测序数据,重点研究了44个人类辅酶Q缺乏相关基因中之前被忽视的遗传变异。结果发现,相当大比例的 SUD(38%)和 SIDS(37%)病例携带有可能具有功能影响的罕见变异。随后进行的负荷测试(包括在我们的病例队列中发现的所有罕见外显子和非翻译区变异)进一步证实了重大遗传负荷的存在。根据基因研究结果,我们在小鼠模型中进一步研究了 CoQ 缺乏对电生理和形态学特性的影响。在4-硝基苯甲酸盐诱导的CoQ缺乏小鼠组中,观察到PR间期明显延长,房室传导阻滞的发生率增加,这表明CoQ缺乏可能会增加心律失常的风险,从而导致猝死。总之,我们的研究结果表明,在对猝死症进行分子解剖时,还应考虑与 CoQ 缺乏相关的基因。
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引用次数: 0
Computed tomography study of cranial vault thickness in Malaysian subadult population. 马来西亚亚成年人颅顶厚度的计算机断层扫描研究。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03276-2
Sharifah Nabilah Syed Mohd Hamdan, Zamri Radzi, Amir Hazwan Abdul Rahim, Rabiah Al-Adawiyah Rahmat, Norliza Ibrahim

Cranial vault thickness (CVT) and its variations provide valuable insights into an individual's biological attributes such as age and sex. This paper aimed to assess the correlations of CVT with age and sex and develop a regression model for age estimation in Malaysian subadults using computed tomography (CT) images. A total of 521 CT images (male/female: 279/242; age range: 0-20 years; Malay/Chinese/Indian: 221/145/155) were included in the study. Correlations of CVT measurements with age and sex, including frontal bone thickness (FBT), occipital bone thickness (OBT), left parietal bone thickness (LPBT), and right parietal bone thickness (RPBT) were assessed and regression formulae were developed for age estimation in subadults. A significant correlation between CVT measurements and age was demonstrated (p < 0.001). Age estimation was most accurate in the younger age group (< 2 years) at frontal and occipital, and accuracy decreases in the older age groups. Additionally, sexual dimorphism was evident in the frontal and parietal bone thickness within the age range of 3-6 years and 16-20 years, respectively. In conclusion, the findings suggested CVT measurements could be used to corroborate other age estimation methods for subadults.

颅骨穹隆厚度(CVT)及其变化为了解个体的年龄和性别等生物属性提供了宝贵的信息。本文旨在评估 CVT 与年龄和性别的相关性,并使用计算机断层扫描(CT)图像建立一个回归模型,用于估计马来西亚亚成年人的年龄。共采集了 521 张 CT 图像(男性/女性:279/242;年龄范围:0-20 岁;马来人/中国人):年龄范围:0-20 岁;马来人/华人/印度人:马来/华人/印度人:221/145/155)。研究人员评估了 CVT 测量值与年龄和性别的相关性,包括额骨厚度 (FBT)、枕骨厚度 (OBT)、左顶骨厚度 (LPBT) 和右顶骨厚度 (RPBT),并制定了用于估计亚成年人年龄的回归公式。结果表明,CVT 测量值与年龄之间存在明显的相关性(p
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引用次数: 0
Forensic species identification: practical guide for animal and plant DNA analysis. 法医物种鉴定:动植物 DNA 分析实用指南》。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03284-2
Beatrice Corradini, Denise Gianfreda, Gianmarco Ferri, Francesca Ferrari, Ilaria Borciani, Anna Laura Santunione, Rossana Cecchi

The importance of non-human DNA in the forensic field has increased greatly in recent years, together with the type of applications. The molecular species identification of animal and botanical material may be crucial both for wildlife trafficking and crime scene investigation. However, especially for forensic botany, several challenges slow down the implementation of the discipline in the routine.Although the importance of molecular analysis of animal origin samples is widely recognized and the same value is acknowledged to the botanical counterpart, the latter does not find the same degree of application.The availability of molecular methods, especially useful in cases where the material is fragmented, scarce or spoiled preventing the morphological identification, is not well known. This work is intended to reaffirm the relevance of non-human forensic genetics (NHFG), highlighting differences, benefits and pitfalls of the current most common molecular analysis workflow for animal and botanical samples, giving a practical guide. A flowchart describing the analysis paths, divided in three major working areas (inspection and sampling, molecular analysis, data processing and interpretation), is provided. More real casework examples of the utility of non-human evidence in forensic investigations should be shared by the scientific community, especially for plants. Moreover, concrete efforts to encourage initiatives in order to promote quality and standardization in the NHFG field are also needed.

近年来,非人类 DNA 在法医领域的重要性大大增加,应用类型也随之增多。动物和植物材料的分子物种鉴定对于野生动物贩运和犯罪现场调查都至关重要。尽管对动物源样本进行分子分析的重要性已得到广泛认可,植物源样本的分子分析也具有同样的价值,但植物源样本的分子分析却没有得到同等程度的应用。这项工作旨在重申非人类法医遗传学(NHFG)的相关性,强调当前最常见的动物和植物样本分子分析工作流程的差异、益处和缺陷,并提供实用指南。流程图描述了分析路径,分为三个主要工作领域(检查和取样、分子分析、数据处理和解释)。科学界应分享更多关于非人类证据在法医调查中的实用性的实际案例,特别是植物证据。此外,还需要做出具体努力,鼓励采取主动行动,以促进非人类证据领域的质量和标准化。
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引用次数: 0
Revealing microbial community characteristics in healthy human, cat and canine salivas and looking for species-specific microbes. 揭示健康人、猫和犬唾液中的微生物群落特征,寻找物种特异性微生物。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03277-1
Shuyan Mei, Meiming Cai, Fanzhang Lei, Xi Wang, Xi Yuan, Yifeng Lin, Bofeng Zhu

As two kinds of increasingly popular pets, the saliva of cat or canine is most likely to be left at the crime scene compared with the common types of body fluids in forensics. Accurately identifying the species of saliva samples found at the crime scene involving pets will help the investigators find available testing materials, reduce the consumption of reagents and save the investigative time of the case. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the characteristics and differences of saliva microbiomes of cat, canine and human. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing technology was used to reveal microbial communities of saliva samples of healthy human, cat, and canine. Alpha diversity analyses indicated that canine saliva demonstrated the highest microbial diversity, followed by cat saliva, whereas human saliva microbial diversity was the lowest. The saliva samples of the three species all had their own unique microbial community compositions, and the dominant phyla of canine and cat salivas were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidete, while the dominant phyla of human saliva were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. There was no significant statistical difference in the salivary microbiota obtained by the two collection methods (cotton swab and liquid saliva). The gender of cats and canines might have no effect on the salivary microbiota, but the different breeds had an impact on their saliva microbiomes. Principal coordinates analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis and random forest analysis all indicated significant differences in microbial community structures among the three species, allowing inference on the species sources of saliva samples by microbiome method. Differential microbial biomarkers for the salivas of three species were screened out using a variety of bioinformatics analyses, and the results demonstrated that Prevotella melaninogenica, Veillonella parvula, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae could be used as species-specific microbial biomarkers of human saliva. The detections of human species-specific microbes provide a potential method for determining human saliva.

作为两种越来越受欢迎的宠物,与法医中常见的体液类型相比,猫或犬的唾液最有可能遗留在犯罪现场。准确鉴定犯罪现场发现的宠物唾液样本的种类,有助于侦查人员找到可用的检验材料,减少试剂消耗,节省案件侦查时间。因此,探讨猫、犬和人类唾液微生物组的特征和差异是十分必要的。本研究采用 16S rRNA 基因扩增片段测序技术揭示了健康人、猫和犬唾液样本的微生物群落。阿尔法多样性分析表明,犬唾液的微生物多样性最高,其次是猫唾液,而人类唾液的微生物多样性最低。三个物种的唾液样本都有各自独特的微生物群落组成,犬唾液和猫唾液的优势菌系是变形菌和类杆菌,而人类唾液的优势菌系是固缩菌和变形菌。两种采集方法(棉签和唾液)获得的唾液微生物群在统计学上没有明显差异。猫和犬的性别可能对唾液微生物群没有影响,但不同品种的猫和犬对其唾液微生物群有影响。主坐标分析、非度量多维缩放分析和随机森林分析都表明,这三种动物的微生物群落结构存在显著差异,因此可以通过微生物组方法推断唾液样本的物种来源。利用多种生物信息学分析方法筛选出了三种物种唾液的差异微生物生物标志物,结果表明黑色素前驱菌、副猪嗜血杆菌和副流感嗜血杆菌可作为人类唾液的物种特异性微生物生物标志物。人类物种特异性微生物的检测为人类唾液的测定提供了一种潜在的方法。
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引用次数: 0
Age estimation on post-mortem CT based on pelvic bone mineral density measurement and the state of putrefaction: a multivariate method. 基于骨盆骨矿密度测定和腐败状态的死后 CT 年龄估计:一种多变量方法。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03316-x
Eulalie Pefferkorn, Ophélie Guillerme, Pauline Saint-Martin, Frédéric Savall, Fabrice Dedouit, Norbert Telmon

Age-at-death estimation is an important issue in forensic medicine and anthropology. Initially, methods relied on morphological criteria, but with the advancement of radiology, new techniques such as morphological studies on multi-slice computed tomography (CT) reconstructions have emerged. Recent studies have shown promising results by investigating the correlation between age and bone mineral density (BMD). However, there is currently a lack of data on post-mortem CTs (PMCT) involving decomposed bodies, and limited information exists regarding changes in Hounsfield Units measurement in a post-mortem context. In light of these gaps, our study aimed to examine the relationship between age at death and pubic and ilium BMD using a sample of forensic bodies. We also aimed to determine whether post-mortem processes, such as putrefaction, could interfere with this correlation. Our retrospective analysis encompassed 637 PMCTs conducted before medicolegal autopsies at Tours University Hospital. Utilizing simple and multiple linear regressions, we investigated the correlation between age and pubic and ilium BMD, as well as the relationship between BMD and the radiologic alteration index (RAI), a scale employed to quantify the degree of putrefaction. Our findings indicate promising outcomes in age-at-death estimation using pubic and/or ilium BMD for bodies exhibiting no or moderate decomposition (RAI < 80), particularly among individuals under 40 years old. However, for highly decomposed corpses (RAI ≥ 80), the presence of gas infiltration significantly influences the BMD of both the ilium and pubis. Consequently, we advocate for the incorporation of the RAI score into the age estimation equation to enhance the accuracy of our results in such cases. Further investigation involving a larger cohort of decomposed bodies could facilitate refinement and validation of our method within this specific population.

死亡年龄估计是法医学和人类学的一个重要问题。最初的方法依赖于形态学标准,但随着放射学的发展,出现了一些新技术,如对多层计算机断层扫描(CT)重建进行形态学研究。最近的研究通过调查年龄与骨矿物质密度(BMD)之间的相关性取得了可喜的成果。然而,目前缺乏涉及分解尸体的死后 CT(PMCT)数据,有关死后情况下 Hounsfield 单位测量值变化的信息也很有限。鉴于这些差距,我们的研究旨在使用法医尸体样本来检验死亡年龄与耻骨和髂骨 BMD 之间的关系。我们还旨在确定腐败等死后过程是否会干扰这种相关性。我们的回顾性分析涵盖了图尔大学医院在法医尸检前进行的 637 例 PMCT。通过简单和多重线性回归,我们研究了年龄与耻骨和髂骨 BMD 之间的相关性,以及 BMD 与放射学改变指数 (RAI) 之间的关系。我们的研究结果表明,使用耻骨和/或髂骨 BMD 对无腐烂或中度腐烂(RAI
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引用次数: 0
Artificial intelligence and dental age estimation: development and validation of an automated stage allocation technique on all mandibular tooth types in panoramic radiographs. 人工智能与牙龄估算:开发并验证全景X光片中所有下颌牙齿类型的自动阶段分配技术。
IF 2.2 3区 医学 Q1 MEDICINE, LEGAL Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-024-03298-w
Lander Matthijs, Lauren Delande, Jannick De Tobel, Barkin Büyükçakir, Peter Claes, Dirk Vandermeulen, Patrick Thevissen

Age estimation in forensic odontology is mainly based on the development of permanent teeth. To register the developmental status of an examined tooth, staging techniques were developed. However, due to inappropriate calibration, uncertainties during stage allocation, and lack of experience, non-uniformity in stage allocation exists between expert observers. As a consequence, related age estimation results are inconsistent. An automated staging technique applicable to all tooth types can overcome this drawback.This study aimed to establish an integrated automated technique to stage the development of all mandibular tooth types and to compare their staging performances.Calibrated observers staged FDI teeth 31, 33, 34, 37 and 38 according to a ten-stage modified Demirjian staging technique. According to a standardised bounding box around each examined tooth, the retrospectively collected panoramic radiographs were cropped using Photoshop CC 2021® software (Adobe®, version 23.0). A gold standard set of 1639 radiographs were selected (n31 = 259, n33 = 282, n34 = 308, n37 = 390, n38 = 400) and input into a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained for optimal staging accuracy. The performance evaluation of the network was conducted in a five-fold cross-validation scheme. In each fold, the entire dataset was split into a training and a test set in a non-overlapping fashion between the folds (i.e., 80% and 20% of the dataset, respectively). Staging performances were calculated per tooth type and overall (accuracy, mean absolute difference, linearly weighted Cohen's Kappa and intra-class correlation coefficient). Overall, these metrics equalled 0.53, 0.71, 0.71, and 0.89, respectively. All staging performance indices were best for 37 and worst for 31. The highest number of misclassified stages were associated to adjacent stages. Most misclassifications were observed in all available stages of 31.Our findings suggest that the developmental status of mandibular molars can be taken into account in an automated approach for age estimation, while taking incisors into account may hinder age estimation.

法医牙科学中的年龄估计主要基于恒牙的发育。为了记录受检牙齿的发育状况,人们开发了分期技术。然而,由于校准不当、阶段分配过程中的不确定性以及缺乏经验,专家观察者之间的阶段分配存在不一致性。因此,相关的年龄估计结果并不一致。适用于所有牙齿类型的自动分期技术可以克服这一缺点。本研究旨在建立一种综合自动技术,对所有下颌牙齿类型的发育进行分期,并比较它们的分期表现。根据每个受检牙齿周围的标准化边界框,使用 Photoshop CC 2021® 软件(Adobe®,23.0 版)对回顾性收集的全景照片进行裁剪。选取了一组金标准的 1639 张照片(n31 = 259、n33 = 282、n34 = 308、n37 = 390、n38 = 400),并将其输入为经过训练的卷积神经网络 (CNN),以获得最佳的分期准确性。该网络的性能评估采用五重交叉验证方案。在每一折中,整个数据集被分成训练集和测试集,两折之间不重叠(即分别为数据集的 80% 和 20%)。计算了每种牙齿类型和整体的分期性能(准确率、平均绝对差值、线性加权科恩卡帕和类内相关系数)。总体而言,这些指标分别为 0.53、0.71、0.71 和 0.89。所有分期性能指标中,37 期最佳,31 期最差。相邻阶段的错误分类数量最多。我们的研究结果表明,下颌臼齿的发育状况可以在年龄估计的自动方法中得到考虑,而将门齿考虑在内可能会妨碍年龄估计。
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and dental age estimation: development and validation of an automated stage allocation technique on all mandibular tooth types in panoramic radiographs.","authors":"Lander Matthijs, Lauren Delande, Jannick De Tobel, Barkin Büyükçakir, Peter Claes, Dirk Vandermeulen, Patrick Thevissen","doi":"10.1007/s00414-024-03298-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00414-024-03298-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Age estimation in forensic odontology is mainly based on the development of permanent teeth. To register the developmental status of an examined tooth, staging techniques were developed. However, due to inappropriate calibration, uncertainties during stage allocation, and lack of experience, non-uniformity in stage allocation exists between expert observers. As a consequence, related age estimation results are inconsistent. An automated staging technique applicable to all tooth types can overcome this drawback.This study aimed to establish an integrated automated technique to stage the development of all mandibular tooth types and to compare their staging performances.Calibrated observers staged FDI teeth 31, 33, 34, 37 and 38 according to a ten-stage modified Demirjian staging technique. According to a standardised bounding box around each examined tooth, the retrospectively collected panoramic radiographs were cropped using Photoshop CC 2021® software (Adobe®, version 23.0). A gold standard set of 1639 radiographs were selected (n<sub>31</sub> = 259, n<sub>33</sub> = 282, n<sub>34</sub> = 308, n<sub>37</sub> = 390, n<sub>38</sub> = 400) and input into a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained for optimal staging accuracy. The performance evaluation of the network was conducted in a five-fold cross-validation scheme. In each fold, the entire dataset was split into a training and a test set in a non-overlapping fashion between the folds (i.e., 80% and 20% of the dataset, respectively). Staging performances were calculated per tooth type and overall (accuracy, mean absolute difference, linearly weighted Cohen's Kappa and intra-class correlation coefficient). Overall, these metrics equalled 0.53, 0.71, 0.71, and 0.89, respectively. All staging performance indices were best for 37 and worst for 31. The highest number of misclassified stages were associated to adjacent stages. Most misclassifications were observed in all available stages of 31.Our findings suggest that the developmental status of mandibular molars can be taken into account in an automated approach for age estimation, while taking incisors into account may hinder age estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14071,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2469-2479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141893371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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International Journal of Legal Medicine
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