International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition最新文献

Food-derived oligopeptides (FOPs) exhibit various bioactivities. However, little was known about their sequence changes in the gastrointestinal tract and the effect of changes on bioactivities. FOPs' sequence features, changes and effects on bioactivities have been summarised. The sequence length of FOPs decreases with increased exposure of hydrophobic and basic amino acids at the terminal during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. A decrease in bioactivities after simulated intestinal absorption has correlated with a decrease of Leu, Ile, Arg, Tyr, Gln and Pro. The sequence of FOPs that pass readily through the intestinal epithelium corresponds to transport modes, and FOPs whose sequences remain unchanged after transport are the most bioactive. These include mainly dipeptides to tetrapeptides, consisting of numerous hydrophobic and basic amino acids, found mostly at the end of the peptide chain, especially at the C-terminal. This review aims to provide a foundation for applications of FOPs in nutritional supplements and functional foods.

The study protocol focuses on DBM, proposing a preventive strategy for mother-child pairs that would be accessible, affordable, sustainable, and human-centred. The aim is to guide the development of tools and technologies, passing through stages for gathering a process and presenting health data. The initial stage identifies the rules and models synthesising existing digital interventions combating forms of malnourishment, followed by designing and developing a Nutrition Informatics Intervention, i.e. NAIK. The last stage includes evaluation of the effectiveness and utility of NAIK. The system aims to address malnutrition by assessing different associated elements, with the participants. An SMS system will provide follow-up assistance. Overall, this study is an amalgamation of technology, data collection, personalised interventions, growth monitoring, and education to address malnutrition effectively by promoting positive health-behaviours within the community. So, a computerised health kiosk will help provide preventive strategies from the healthcare professional, especially in circumstances requiring immediate attention.

To identify the potential anabolic properties of a dairy-plant protein blend as compared to single plant-based and single dairy protein, the postprandial amino acid (AA) response of pea protein, milk protein, micellar casein, and a casein-pea protein blend was investigated in healthy older adults (age 72.3 ± 3.4 years, BMI 25.3 ± 2.9 kg/m²). Plasma AA levels were measured, before and up to 5 h after ingestion of each 20 g protein. Blending casein-pea in a 60/40 mixture resulted in improved plasma AA availability, i.e. area under the curve (AUC) and peak height, of total (essential) AA and of key AAs methionine and leucine compared to pea only, while preserving the higher availability of arginine. The casein/pea blend clearly showed an AA response that was in between that of its single constituents, indicating that blending could be a solution to improve a lower quality (plant) protein, which could be of relevance for older adults.

Observational studies of diet-related vitamins and lymphoma risk results were inconsistent. Our study aimed to estimate the causality between dietary vitamin intake and lymphoma through a Mendelian randomisation (MR) study. We enrolled dietary-related retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 as exposures of interest, with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) as the outcome. The causal effects were estimated using inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression analysis and weighted median, supplemented by sensitivity analyses. The results revealed that genetically predicted dietary vitamin B12 intake was associated with a reduced HL risk (OR = 0.22, 95% CI 0.05-0.91, p = 0.036). The Q test did not reveal heterogeneity, the MR-Egger test showed no significant intercepts, and the leave-one-out (LOO) analysis did not discover any SNP that affect the results. No causal relationship about dietary vitamin intake on the NHL risk was observed.

Gut microbiota is implicated in the control of host physiology by releasing bioactive actors that could exert a direct or indirect effect on tissue. A dysfunction of the gut microbiota to tissue axis could participate in the development of pathological states such as obesity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify the metabolic effect of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (known as Lactobacillus reuteri) BIO7251 (L. reuteri BIO7251) isolated from Corsican clementine orange. Body weight gain, adiposity, glucose tolerance, glucose absorption and food intake were measured in mice fed a high-fat diet in response to a preventive oral administration of L. reuteri BIO7251. This strain of bacteria exerts a beneficial effect on body weight gain by decreasing the subcutaneous adipose tissue mass. The treatment with L. reuteri BIO7251 decreases glucose absorption and food intake in obese/diabetic mice. L. reuteri BIO7251 could be tested as new probiotic strain that could manage body weight during obesity.

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the consumption of fruits, vegetables and adherence to the Mediterranean diet with childhood asthma development and severity. A systematic literature search and synthesis of the results was performed throughout the last two decades. A total of 45 studies were analysed and 392,797 children were included. Greater adherence to a Mediterranean type of diet was inversely associated with asthmatic outcomes (OR:0.71,95% CI:0.54,0.88). Regarding fruits, vegetables consumption, a significant inverse association between increased fruits or vegetable intake and asthma was found (OR:0.82,95% CI:0.77,0.86; 0.84,95% CI:0.77,0.91, respectively). Fruits and vegetables consumption combined was also inversely related to all asthmatic outcomes (OR:0.65,95% CI:0.49,0.78). The level of heterogeneity was moderate-to-high (30%-97%). The present review and meta-analysis show a trend to an inverse association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet or a healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables and the occurrence of childhood asthma but with a low level of certainty.

Preventing the progression of gastric precancerous lesions (GPLs) can reduce the morbidity and mortality of gastric cancer (GC). The preventive effect of a plant-based diet on cancers has been widely recognised. In this case-control study, 1,130 subjects were included using 1:1 propensity score matching for age and sex. Dietary habits, anthropometry and sample collection were conducted using standard and effective methods. Plant-based diet indices (PDIs) were calculated using a previously reported method. Faecal samples were analysed by untargeted metabolomics. Our study found that adherence to a healthy plant-based diet was inversely associated with the occurrence of GPLs. Metabolomic analysis identified six different metabolites correlated with GPLs, among which luteolin-related metabolites may be used as biomarkers of the association between PDIs and GPLs. In addition, the difference in N-acyl amides found in PDIs needs further verification. Our findings suggest that a healthy plant-based diet may have a protective effect against GPLs.

Olive oil, essential ingredient of the Mediterranean diet, is attracting a growing interest due to increasing evidence on its beneficial effects on human health. This study investigated whether extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) possess prebiotic properties. Twenty different monovarietal EVOO samples from 5 Marche region cultivars (Italy) were studied. The prebiotic activity of EVOOs was assessed monitoring the selective stimulation of gut bacterial species and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, using an in vitro fermentation system. All EVOOs selectively stimulated Lactobacillus spp., with a stronger activity than that observed in the inulin fermentation (positive control). Also, the bifidobacteria population increased; this bifidogenic stimulation was of EVOOs from Raggia cultivar. SCFAs appeared significantly higher after 24 h in all EVOO fermentations than in the control. Acetic and propionic acids production was particularly stimulated. Overall, most of the investigated EVOOs had a potential prebiotic activity, similar or stronger than inulin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the concentration of water-soluble bioactive compounds in tomato products (polyphenols profile, water-soluble vitamins and nucleophilic substances) with the concentration of the same bioactive molecules existing in a water-soluble patented tomato extract, water-soluble tomato extract (WSTC), commercially available as FruitFlow®. This patented tomato extract has been recognised by EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) in a specific Health Claim declaration as having an "Antiplatelet health effect". More than 100 commercial tomato samples, coming from 18 different processing tomato companies worldwide, were analysed and compared with the FruitFlow^® supplement. According to the multivariate statistical analyses applied to the data matrix, it is possible to conclude that the commercial tomato products measured (pastes, purees, others) show a significantly higher concentration of water-soluble bioactive molecules (nucleosides/nucleotides and polyphenols) responsible for an anti-platelet aggregation effect than the FruitFlow^® dietary supplement.