International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition最新文献

This study aimed to prospectively explore the relationship between fruit and vegetable intake (FVI) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk amongst 13,175 Chinese adults. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of T2D events in relation to FVI. Results showed that the highest quintile of FVI was inversely associated with T2D risk in men (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50, 0.98) and women (HR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.97), whereas no such associations were observed between total vegetable intake and T2D in either men (HR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.26) or women (HR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.77, 1.38). In addition, greater fruit intake was inversely associated with T2D risk in men (HR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.63) and women (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.90). Overall, FVI and total fruit intake were inversely associated with T2D risk amongst Chinese adults.

This systematic review aimed to assess the level and time-trends of adherence to Mediterranean-type diets (MTD) among the general population, globally. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, a comprehensive literature search of the MEDLINE and Scopus databases was carried out, until 04/09/2023, based on specific criteria. Fifty-seven studies with 1,125,560 apparently healthy adults from Europe (n = 37), US (n = 8), Asia (n = 8), Australia (n = 4) and Africa (n = 1) were included. Adherence to an MTD was moderate with a significant decline observed in the last decade. European countries, mainly driven by Mediterranean countries, showed higher adherence than other regions. Geographical analysis revealed that adherence to an MTD is related to both geographic location and socioeconomic status throughout the world.

The long-term impact of maternal anaemia on cognitive performance remains unknown. Indonesian longitudinal cohort data of 363 paired pregnant mothers and their 10-14-year-old offspring were used to investigate the association between maternal haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and their offspring's cognitive function (assessed by Raven's Progressive Matrices test) during adolescence. The weighted anaemia prevalence was 49.3% in pregnant mothers and 22.2% in adolescents. Adolescents who were stunted, anaemic, or living in a rural area had significantly lower cognitive scores than their counterparts. Maternal Hb was not associated with adolescent cognitive function (β: 0.14; 95%CI: -0.052-0.340). However, the effect of maternal Hb concentration on offspring's cognitive function was modified by stunting status (β, stunted: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.05-0.82; non-stunted: 0.01; 95%CI: -0.02-0.24). This study shows adverse cognitive outcomes at adolescent age are likely multi-causal and can be partially explained by intra-uterine exposure to low maternal Hb concentrations.

Results from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing the effect of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure (BP) have been inconsistent. This systematic review evaluated the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP and included RCTs testing the effects of vitamin C supplementation alone, on systolic and diastolic BP in adult participants (≥18 years). Random-effect models were conducted to estimate the pooled effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP. A total of 20 studies with 890 participants were included. The median dose of vitamin C was 757.5 mg/d, the median duration was 6 weeks. Vitamin C supplementation was found to reduce systolic BP by -3.0 mmHg (95%CI: -4.7, -1.3 mmHg; p = 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a more pronounced effect on systolic BP in patients with hypertension (-3.2 mmHg, 95%CI -5.2, -1.2 mmHg, p = 0.002) and diabetes (-4.6 mmHg, 95%CI -8.9, -0.3 mmHg, p = 0.03). Further research needs to evaluate the long-term effect of vitamin C on BP in populations with impaired cardio-metabolic health.

This study analysed the data from the NHANES (1999-2018) to examine how different sources of carbohydrate intake affected the all-cause and cardiovascular mortality of 11,302 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The data were adjusted for other factors using various methods. The results showed that CKD patients (stages 1-2 and 3-5) who consumed more carbohydrates from whole grains, fruits, vegetables and less carbohydrates from fruit juice or sauces had lower mortality rates. Replacing fat intake with carbohydrates from whole grains (HR = 0.86[0.78-0.95]), fruits (raw) (HR = 0.79[0.70-0.88]) and non-starchy vegetables (HR = 0.82[0.70-0.96]), but not protein intake, was linked to lower all-cause mortality. The fibre content in carbohydrates might partly account for the benefits of selected carbohydrate intake. This study provided practical recommendations for optimising the carbohydrate sources in CKD patients.

Several studies have suggested that betaine is closely related to inflammatory biomarkers that contribute to the development of metabolic diseases, but the effect remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of betaine supplementation on inflammatory markers based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, Web of Science and ResearchGate databases were searched up to March 2023. A total of 6 RCTs with 7 intervention trials involving 277 participants were included. Betaine supplementation led to a slight reduction in levels of circulating IL-1β of 0.65 pg/mL (95% CI, -1.23 to -0.06) with high heterogeneity (I² = 95%). Betaine produced a small but nonsignificant reduction in levels of circulating CRP (0.33 mg/L; 95% CI, -1.79 to 1.14), IL-6 (0.47 pg/mL; 95% CI, -1.13 to 0.18) and TNF-α (0.25 pg/mL; 95% CI, -0.98 to 0.48). The present meta-analysis does not provide sufficient evidence to conclude that betaine supplementation improved the inflammation state.