G. Sala, A. Boccardo, Eleonora Coppoletta, A. Belloli, D. Pravettoni
Iatrogenic diseases are due to negligence or malpractice (Pezza et al .,2008). In human medicine, these conditions are widely described (Weingart et al ., 2000), mostly for insurance issues related to hospitalization, while in veterinary medicine are reported only occasional case reports. 4155 clinical records related to cattle admitted to the Clinic for Ruminants and Swine of the University of Milan between 2005 and 2017 were analyzed. Clinical cases that required admission because of an iatrogenic related disease were selected for this study. For case selection, 3 experienced veterinarians examined the clinical records, cross-compared the selection and pick 114 cases (2,7%). The iatrogenic diseases were primarily caused by farmers (93%) than veterinary practitioner (7%). Iatrogenic diseases were caused mostly by erroneous administration of drugs (47,4%), excessive traction at birth (17,5%), improper milk or colostrum administration, frequently performed by oroesophageal tubing (16,7%) or by forced administration using a nipple bottle (12,3%). As verified by our study, farmers often performs medical, nursing and zootechnical procedures without adequate competences and sometimes choose medical treatment for sick animals without professional consultation of veterinarians.The veterinarian rule is fundamental in farmer education. Clinicians, especially in some professional branches as neonatology, should be more responsible of their assignments, avoiding delegation of specific procedures to unskilled staff. The importance of communication in improving management and health in dairy farms has been recently demonstrated (Jansen and Lam, 2012; Jansen et al ., 2010). Effective communication has a key role in dairy herd health and communication strategies are required to support diseases control programs (Lievaart et al ., 2008). More attention to iatrogenic issue may have a positive impact on animal and public health. Moreover, a decrease of unnecessary and injurious drug administration may result in a reduction of treatment costs and in prevention of antibiotic resistance.
医源性疾病是由于疏忽或医疗事故造成的(Pezza等人，2008年)。在人类医学中，这些情况被广泛描述(Weingart et al .， 2000)，主要用于与住院有关的保险问题，而在兽医学中，仅偶尔报道病例报告。分析了2005年至2017年米兰大学反刍动物和猪诊所收治的4155例与牛有关的临床记录。本研究选择因医源性相关疾病而需要住院的临床病例。病例选择方面，3名经验丰富的兽医检查临床记录，交叉比对选择，选择114例(2.7%)。医源性疾病以农民(93%)为主，兽医(7%)居多。医源性疾病的主要原因是错误给药(47.4%)，出生时过度牵引(17.5%)，不正确的乳或初乳给药，经常通过口食管管(16.7%)或强行使用奶瓶给药(12.3%)。我们的研究证实，农民经常在没有足够能力的情况下进行医疗、护理和动物技术程序，有时在没有兽医专业咨询的情况下选择对病畜的治疗。兽医规则是农民教育的基础。临床医生，特别是在一些专业分支，如新生儿科，应该对他们的任务更负责任，避免将特定程序委托给不熟练的工作人员。最近已经证明了沟通在改善奶牛场管理和健康方面的重要性(Jansen和Lam, 2012;Jansen et al .， 2010)。有效的沟通在奶牛群健康中起着关键作用，需要沟通策略来支持疾病控制计划(Lievaart等人，2008)。对医源性问题的更多关注可能对动物和公众健康产生积极影响。此外，减少不必要和有害的药物管理可能导致治疗费用的降低和抗生素耐药性的预防。
{"title":"The role of iatrogenic disease of cattle in admission to veterinary hospital","authors":"G. Sala, A. Boccardo, Eleonora Coppoletta, A. Belloli, D. Pravettoni","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8392","url":null,"abstract":"Iatrogenic diseases are due to negligence or malpractice (Pezza et al .,2008). In human medicine, these conditions are widely described (Weingart et al ., 2000), mostly for insurance issues related to hospitalization, while in veterinary medicine are reported only occasional case reports. 4155 clinical records related to cattle admitted to the Clinic for Ruminants and Swine of the University of Milan between 2005 and 2017 were analyzed. Clinical cases that required admission because of an iatrogenic related disease were selected for this study. For case selection, 3 experienced veterinarians examined the clinical records, cross-compared the selection and pick 114 cases (2,7%). The iatrogenic diseases were primarily caused by farmers (93%) than veterinary practitioner (7%). Iatrogenic diseases were caused mostly by erroneous administration of drugs (47,4%), excessive traction at birth (17,5%), improper milk or colostrum administration, frequently performed by oroesophageal tubing (16,7%) or by forced administration using a nipple bottle (12,3%). As verified by our study, farmers often performs medical, nursing and zootechnical procedures without adequate competences and sometimes choose medical treatment for sick animals without professional consultation of veterinarians.The veterinarian rule is fundamental in farmer education. Clinicians, especially in some professional branches as neonatology, should be more responsible of their assignments, avoiding delegation of specific procedures to unskilled staff. The importance of communication in improving management and health in dairy farms has been recently demonstrated (Jansen and Lam, 2012; Jansen et al ., 2010). Effective communication has a key role in dairy herd health and communication strategies are required to support diseases control programs (Lievaart et al ., 2008). More attention to iatrogenic issue may have a positive impact on animal and public health. Moreover, a decrease of unnecessary and injurious drug administration may result in a reduction of treatment costs and in prevention of antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89582608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Savarese, C. Locatelli, N. Maurizi, N. Briante, P. Brambilla
D-Heart® is a portable, smartphone-based device, which streams tracing via Bluetooth, enabling multiple leads electrocardiograms (ECGs) acquisition, currently used in human cardiology (Maurizi et al . 2017). The aim was to determine the accuracy of DHeart® compared with the gold standard nonportable 6lead electrocardiograph in the evaluation of cardiac rhythm in dogs. Standard 6lead and DHeart® ECGs were acquired in conscious dogs. Concordance between methods was assessed by weighted k Cohen index, with its relative significance, taking as end point variable standard 6lead ECG group. Bland Altman method (95% confidence level) was applied for P, PR, QRS, T and QT. Since differences didn’t follow a normal distribution, a nonparametric approach was used to determine limits of agreement. P was significant when < 0.05 (Maurizi et al . 2017). Amplitude of waves was not considered because currently the software doesn’t allow voltage variation. 115 dogs of different weights and breeds admitted to the Cardiology Service of DIMEVET were enrolled. Mean age was 7,5±4 years. Most were intact males (45%, n=51). The most represented breed was mongrel (27%, n=32). Weighted Cohen's kappa test demonstrated excellent concordance in the evaluation of the heart rhythm (0.989, p<0.001), for ST segment morphology (0.991, p<0,001) and for T wave morphology (0.838, p=0.040). There was a 100% concordance in P morphology determination. P, PR, QRS, T and QT intervals comparison with BlandAltman showed an extremely good concordance for DHeart® measurements (95% limit of agreement ±0.9 ms for P, ±10 ms for PR, ±35 ms for QRS, ±5 ms for T wave). Less concordance resulted for QT (±80 ms). In Conclusion, DHeart® proved effective accurate recording of ECG comparable to standard 6lead electrocardiographs, opening new perspectives to improve diagnostic tools in veterinary cardiology. Future perspective will be the development of a telecardiology network and to improve arrhythmia’s diagnosis in small animal practice (Bruining et al ., 2014; Haberman et al ., 2015).
D-Heart®是一种便携式智能手机设备，通过蓝牙进行流追踪，实现多导联心电图(ecg)采集，目前用于人类心脏病学(Maurizi等人)。2017)。目的是确定D-Heart®与金标准非便携式6导联心电图仪在评估犬心律方面的准确性。在有意识的狗身上获得标准的6导联和D-Heart®心电图。以标准6导联心电图组为终点变量，采用加权k - Cohen指数评价方法间的一致性，并分析其相对显著性。对P、PR、QRS、T和QT采用Bland - Altman方法(95%置信水平)。由于差异不服从正态分布，因此采用非参数方法确定一致性限。P < 0.05时差异有统计学意义(Maurizi et al .)。2017)。波浪的振幅没有被考虑，因为目前的软件不允许电压变化。115只不同体重和品种的狗被纳入了DIMEVET心脏病学服务部。平均年龄7.5±4岁。大多数为完整男性(45%，n=51)。最具代表性的品种是杂种犬(27%，n=32)。加权Cohen's kappa检验在心律评估(0.989,p<0.001)、ST段形态评估(0.991,p<0.001)和T波形态评估(0.838,p=0.040)方面显示出极好的一致性。P形态测定的一致性为100%。P、PR、QRS、T和QT间期与Bland-Altman的比较显示，D-Heart®测量结果具有极好的一致性(95%一致性限:P值±0.9 ms, PR值±10 ms, QRS值±35 ms, T波值±5 ms)。QT一致性较差(±80 ms)。总之，D-Heart®证明了与标准6导联心电图仪相当的有效准确的心电图记录，为改善兽医心脏病学的诊断工具开辟了新的视角。未来的前景将是远程心脏学网络的发展，并改善小动物实践中心律失常的诊断(Bruining et al .， 2014;Haberman et al .， 2015)。
{"title":"Comparative analysis of a portable smartphonebased electrocardiograph (DHeart®) versus standard 6leads electrocardiograph in the canine patient.","authors":"A. Savarese, C. Locatelli, N. Maurizi, N. Briante, P. Brambilla","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8378","url":null,"abstract":"D-Heart® is a portable, smartphone-based device, which streams tracing via Bluetooth, enabling multiple leads electrocardiograms (ECGs) acquisition, currently used in human cardiology (Maurizi et al . 2017). The aim was to determine the accuracy of DHeart® compared with the gold standard nonportable 6lead electrocardiograph in the evaluation of cardiac rhythm in dogs. Standard 6lead and DHeart® ECGs were acquired in conscious dogs. Concordance between methods was assessed by weighted k Cohen index, with its relative significance, taking as end point variable standard 6lead ECG group. Bland Altman method (95% confidence level) was applied for P, PR, QRS, T and QT. Since differences didn’t follow a normal distribution, a nonparametric approach was used to determine limits of agreement. P was significant when < 0.05 (Maurizi et al . 2017). Amplitude of waves was not considered because currently the software doesn’t allow voltage variation. 115 dogs of different weights and breeds admitted to the Cardiology Service of DIMEVET were enrolled. Mean age was 7,5±4 years. Most were intact males (45%, n=51). The most represented breed was mongrel (27%, n=32). Weighted Cohen's kappa test demonstrated excellent concordance in the evaluation of the heart rhythm (0.989, p<0.001), for ST segment morphology (0.991, p<0,001) and for T wave morphology (0.838, p=0.040). There was a 100% concordance in P morphology determination. P, PR, QRS, T and QT intervals comparison with BlandAltman showed an extremely good concordance for DHeart® measurements (95% limit of agreement ±0.9 ms for P, ±10 ms for PR, ±35 ms for QRS, ±5 ms for T wave). Less concordance resulted for QT (±80 ms). In Conclusion, DHeart® proved effective accurate recording of ECG comparable to standard 6lead electrocardiographs, opening new perspectives to improve diagnostic tools in veterinary cardiology. Future perspective will be the development of a telecardiology network and to improve arrhythmia’s diagnosis in small animal practice (Bruining et al ., 2014; Haberman et al ., 2015).","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79021329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bottagisio, A. Soggiu, A. B. Lovati, Marco Toscano, C. Piras, C. Romanò, L. Bonizzi, P. Roncada, L. Drago
Introduction: Staphylococcus epidermidis GOI1153754-03-14 is able to colonize orthopedic implants and to cause septic non-unions, as validated in a recent in vivo study (Lovati, 2016). To pore over the mechanisms leading to the biofilm formation on metallic implants, in the present study, we carried out the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the clinical isolate S. epidermidis GOI1153754-03-14. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the strain were evaluated through the Vitek2 System (Biomerieux), as well as its ability to form biofilm in vitro through a spectrophotometric assay (Stepanovich, 2000). The genomic DNA was extracted by Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Norgen Biotek Corp.). Libraries were prepared with the ThruPLEX DNA-seq (Rubicon Genomics) and then sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform through the MiSeq Reagent Kit v3 (600-cycles) to produce 300 bp paired-end reads (Illumina Inc.). Reads were quality-trimmed and gene annotated thanks to the RAST software (Aziz, 2008). Results: The antimicrobial susceptibility along with the MIC values are reported in Table 1. The outputs resulted in 51 contigs (Average = 50,720.6 Mb) with 396X fold average coverage. The total genome is 2,586,753 bp long with a GC content of 31.84% and an N50 value of 7 bp. The whole genome is composed by 2,467 protein-encoding genes and 64 RNAs (55 tRNAs and 9 rRNAs). The entire genome sequence has been deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under the accession no. FWCG01000000 (Bottagisio, 2017). Discussion: The genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the S. epidermidis GOI1153754-03-14 will enable a better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the biofilm formation on orthopedic implants paving the way for innovative preventative and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the sequence of this clinical strain is mandatory to develop dedicated proteomics analysis in order to highlight functional mechanism of biofilm formation.
{"title":"Phenotypic and genomic identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis GOI1153754-03-14 isolated from an infected orthopedic prosthesis","authors":"M. Bottagisio, A. Soggiu, A. B. Lovati, Marco Toscano, C. Piras, C. Romanò, L. Bonizzi, P. Roncada, L. Drago","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8380","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Staphylococcus epidermidis GOI1153754-03-14 is able to colonize orthopedic implants and to cause septic non-unions, as validated in a recent in vivo study (Lovati, 2016). To pore over the mechanisms leading to the biofilm formation on metallic implants, in the present study, we carried out the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of the clinical isolate S. epidermidis GOI1153754-03-14. Materials and Methods: The antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the strain were evaluated through the Vitek2 System (Biomerieux), as well as its ability to form biofilm in vitro through a spectrophotometric assay (Stepanovich, 2000). The genomic DNA was extracted by Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Norgen Biotek Corp.). Libraries were prepared with the ThruPLEX DNA-seq (Rubicon Genomics) and then sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform through the MiSeq Reagent Kit v3 (600-cycles) to produce 300 bp paired-end reads (Illumina Inc.). Reads were quality-trimmed and gene annotated thanks to the RAST software (Aziz, 2008). Results: The antimicrobial susceptibility along with the MIC values are reported in Table 1. The outputs resulted in 51 contigs (Average = 50,720.6 Mb) with 396X fold average coverage. The total genome is 2,586,753 bp long with a GC content of 31.84% and an N50 value of 7 bp. The whole genome is composed by 2,467 protein-encoding genes and 64 RNAs (55 tRNAs and 9 rRNAs). The entire genome sequence has been deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) under the accession no. FWCG01000000 (Bottagisio, 2017). Discussion: The genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the S. epidermidis GOI1153754-03-14 will enable a better comprehension of the mechanisms involved in the biofilm formation on orthopedic implants paving the way for innovative preventative and therapeutic strategies. Moreover, the sequence of this clinical strain is mandatory to develop dedicated proteomics analysis in order to highlight functional mechanism of biofilm formation.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86089268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
FXR1 (Fragile X mental retardation-related protein 1) is a cytoplasmic RNA binding protein, which genetic expression has been related to metastatic potential in human melanoma. The aims of the present study were: the validation of two commercially available clones of polyclonal anti-human FXR1 antibody in dogs; their application to investigate FXR1 expression in a group of canine oral melanomas. Anti-FXR1 antibody was not previously validated in the canine species. Two different commercially available polyclonal anti-FXR1 antibodies (respectively made in goat and in rabbit) were used. FXR1 protein in canine serum was identified by western blot after SDS-PAGE, using human serum as control. FXR1 immunohistochemical expression was tested in a series of normal tissues, that are expected to express FXR1, and in 31 cases of oral melanomas. The final immunohistochemical protocol used heat-induced unmasking and overnight incubation. FXR1 protein bands in canine serum were detected by tested antibodies, in a more specific way by the rabbit antibody. FXR1 immunohistochemical staining was positive in all tested organs, with different levels of expression. FXR1 was also expressed in 31/31 tested melanomas, with variable intensity and percentage of positive cells (Figure 1). Equal results were achieved with the two antibodies in 8 cases of melanoma, whereas there were variable differences in 22, and one case stained only with goat antibody. The rabbit antibody gave less background staining. This study validated anti-FXR1 antibodies for use in the canine species. This protein was expressed in various normal tissues, as well as in the tested neoplasms. Significance of different level of expression is undergoing evaluation with further studies.
FXR1 (Fragile X mental retardp -related protein 1)是一种细胞质RNA结合蛋白，其基因表达与人类黑色素瘤的转移潜能有关。本研究的目的是:在狗身上验证两种市售的多克隆抗人FXR1抗体的克隆;研究FXR1在犬口腔黑色素瘤中的表达。抗fxr1抗体以前未在犬类中被证实。使用两种不同的市售多克隆抗fxr1抗体(分别取自山羊和兔)。以人血清为对照，SDS-PAGE后用western blot法鉴定犬血清中的FXR1蛋白。在31例口腔黑色素瘤和一系列正常组织中检测FXR1的免疫组化表达。最终的免疫组织化学方案采用热诱导剥膜和过夜孵育。犬血清中FXR1蛋白带用所测抗体检测，兔抗体检测特异性更强。FXR1免疫组化染色在所有检测器官中均呈阳性，表达水平不同。FXR1也在31/31个测试的黑色素瘤中表达，其阳性细胞的强度和百分比不同(图1)。两种抗体在8例黑色素瘤中获得相同的结果，而在22例黑色素瘤中存在可变差异，其中1例仅用山羊抗体染色。兔抗体的背景染色较少。本研究验证了抗fxr1抗体在犬类中的应用。该蛋白在各种正常组织和肿瘤组织中均有表达。不同表达水平的意义正在评估中，有待进一步研究。
{"title":"Validation of anti-FXR1 antibodies in the canine species and application to an immunohistochemical study of canine oral melanomas","authors":"L. Nordio, A. T. Marques","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8391","url":null,"abstract":"FXR1 (Fragile X mental retardation-related protein 1) is a cytoplasmic RNA binding protein, which genetic expression has been related to metastatic potential in human melanoma. The aims of the present study were: the validation of two commercially available clones of polyclonal anti-human FXR1 antibody in dogs; their application to investigate FXR1 expression in a group of canine oral melanomas. Anti-FXR1 antibody was not previously validated in the canine species. Two different commercially available polyclonal anti-FXR1 antibodies (respectively made in goat and in rabbit) were used. FXR1 protein in canine serum was identified by western blot after SDS-PAGE, using human serum as control. FXR1 immunohistochemical expression was tested in a series of normal tissues, that are expected to express FXR1, and in 31 cases of oral melanomas. The final immunohistochemical protocol used heat-induced unmasking and overnight incubation. FXR1 protein bands in canine serum were detected by tested antibodies, in a more specific way by the rabbit antibody. FXR1 immunohistochemical staining was positive in all tested organs, with different levels of expression. FXR1 was also expressed in 31/31 tested melanomas, with variable intensity and percentage of positive cells (Figure 1). Equal results were achieved with the two antibodies in 8 cases of melanoma, whereas there were variable differences in 22, and one case stained only with goat antibody. The rabbit antibody gave less background staining. This study validated anti-FXR1 antibodies for use in the canine species. This protein was expressed in various normal tissues, as well as in the tested neoplasms. Significance of different level of expression is undergoing evaluation with further studies.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73472645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the last years, many works demonstrated the possibility to directly interact with the epigenetic signature of an adult mature cell, through the use of epigenetic modifiers, (Pennarossa et al., 2013; Brevini et al., 2014, Chandrakantan et al., 2016) and new mechanisms underlying this process have been recently described (Manzoni et al., 2016). In particular, the small molecule 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) has been shown to induce a transient higher plasticity state in adult somatic cells, grown in standard 2D conditions. Recent evidence have also shown the possibility to regulate and maintain cell pluripotency through the use of 3D culture systems. In the experiments here presented, we combine the two approaches and investigate whether the simultaneous use of a 3D micro-bioreactor and 5-aza-CR is able to promote cell rearrangement, boost the induction of high plasticity and stably maintain it. To this purpose, fibroblasts were either plated on plastic dishes (2D) or encapsulated in a Liquid Marble (LM) micro-bioreactor (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), which has been previously shown to support the growth of living microorganisms, tumor spheroids, fibroblasts, red blood cells, and embryonic stem cells (Ledda et al., 2016). Cells were then erased with 5-aza-CR, for 18 hours and cultured in Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC) medium for up to 28 days. Morphological analysis and pluripotency related gene expression levels were monitored for the entire length of the experiments. 2D cells, kept a monolayer pattern and acquired a pluripotent state that was, however, transient and lost by day 6. In contrast the use of a 3D system maintained and stabilized the high plasticity state in LM cells until the end of the experiments (Fig. 1). The data obtained demonstrate that cell rearrangement and interactions may modulate 5-aza-CR induced plasticity and suggest a correlation between 3D mechano-transduction-related pathways and epigenetic regulation of cell phenotype.
在过去的几年中，许多工作证明了通过使用表观遗传修饰剂直接与成年成熟细胞的表观遗传特征相互作用的可能性，(Pennarossa et al.， 2013;Brevini et al.， 2014, Chandrakantan et al.， 2016)，最近描述了这一过程的新机制(Manzoni et al.， 2016)。特别是，小分子5-氮杂胞苷(5-aza-CR)已被证明在标准二维条件下生长的成年体细胞中诱导短暂的高可塑性状态。最近的证据也显示了通过使用3D培养系统来调节和维持细胞多能性的可能性。在本实验中，我们将这两种方法结合起来，研究3D微生物反应器和5-aza-CR同时使用是否能够促进细胞重排，促进高可塑性的诱导并稳定维持。为此，成纤维细胞要么被镀在塑料盘子(2D)上，要么被封装在液体大理石(LM)微生物反应器(聚四氟乙烯(PTFE))中，此前已证明聚四氟乙烯支持活微生物、肿瘤球体、成纤维细胞、红细胞和胚胎干细胞的生长(Ledda等人，2016)。然后用5-aza-CR擦除细胞18小时，然后在胚胎干细胞(ESC)培养基中培养28天。形态学分析和多能性相关基因表达水平在整个实验期间进行监测。2D细胞，保持单层模式并获得多能状态，然而，这种状态是短暂的，在第6天消失。相比之下，使用3D系统维持和稳定LM细胞的高可塑性状态，直到实验结束(图1)。获得的数据表明，细胞重排和相互作用可能调节5-aza-CR诱导的可塑性，并表明3D机械转导相关途径与细胞表型的表观遗传调控之间存在相关性。
{"title":"Liquid Marble micro-bioreactor promotes 3D cell rearrangement and induces, maintains and stabilizes high plasticity in epigenetically erased fibroblasts","authors":"E. Manzoni, F. Gandolfi, T. Brevini","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8406","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years, many works demonstrated the possibility to directly interact with the epigenetic signature of an adult mature cell, through the use of epigenetic modifiers, (Pennarossa et al., 2013; Brevini et al., 2014, Chandrakantan et al., 2016) and new mechanisms underlying this process have been recently described (Manzoni et al., 2016). In particular, the small molecule 5-azacytidine (5-aza-CR) has been shown to induce a transient higher plasticity state in adult somatic cells, grown in standard 2D conditions. Recent evidence have also shown the possibility to regulate and maintain cell pluripotency through the use of 3D culture systems. In the experiments here presented, we combine the two approaches and investigate whether the simultaneous use of a 3D micro-bioreactor and 5-aza-CR is able to promote cell rearrangement, boost the induction of high plasticity and stably maintain it. To this purpose, fibroblasts were either plated on plastic dishes (2D) or encapsulated in a Liquid Marble (LM) micro-bioreactor (polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)), which has been previously shown to support the growth of living microorganisms, tumor spheroids, fibroblasts, red blood cells, and embryonic stem cells (Ledda et al., 2016). Cells were then erased with 5-aza-CR, for 18 hours and cultured in Embryonic Stem Cell (ESC) medium for up to 28 days. Morphological analysis and pluripotency related gene expression levels were monitored for the entire length of the experiments. 2D cells, kept a monolayer pattern and acquired a pluripotent state that was, however, transient and lost by day 6. In contrast the use of a 3D system maintained and stabilized the high plasticity state in LM cells until the end of the experiments (Fig. 1). The data obtained demonstrate that cell rearrangement and interactions may modulate 5-aza-CR induced plasticity and suggest a correlation between 3D mechano-transduction-related pathways and epigenetic regulation of cell phenotype.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82701923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Currently in Italy, in contrast to other EU countries, a supply chain for hunted game meat does not exist. Nevertheless there are the conditions for its development (Gaviglio et al., 2017); in fact game meat dishes’ has always been part of Alpine area’s culinary tradition and furthermore, management measures aimed at reducing the overpopulation of large wild ungulates leaded to an increase in the availability of their meat. In this context, the present research aims at analyze the dynamics of the value in the local non-existent supply chain of the large wild game meat by the application on the case study of the Valle Ossola (Piedmont, Italy). Due to its representativeness among Italian wild ungulates, the research focus on red deer meat. The data has been collected in 2016 through in-depth interviews and focus groups with the stakeholders involved in the supply chain: hunters, transformers and restaurateurs. Results show that for the hunter the red deer reach a hypothetical price of 6,00 €/kg. From a meat processing targeted at the maximum enhancement of the carcass, without any waste, the transformers can reach a hypothetical price of 9,80 €/kg. Whereas for the restaurateur, the red deer meat can reach a final price range between 22,88 and 51,47 €/kg (hypothesizing maximum sales of high value-added course). Through the maximization of the meat’s quality, hunter and transformers profits can increase significantly, with a redistribution of the added value throughout the supply chain. A limitation of this study is that the calculated values does not take into consideration the stakeholders’ production costs (that increasing along the supply chain). Considering our findings, the development of sustainable supply chain of the local game meat could be economically interesting. Thus, wild ungulates could represent an economic resource for the population rather than an environmental and social cost for the mountain areas.
目前在意大利，与其他欧盟国家不同，狩猎野味的供应链并不存在。然而，它的发展是有条件的(Gaviglio et al.， 2017);事实上，野味菜肴一直是阿尔卑斯地区烹饪传统的一部分，此外，旨在减少大型野生有蹄类动物数量过剩的管理措施导致其肉的可用性增加。在此背景下，本研究旨在通过对Valle Ossola (Piedmont, Italy)的案例研究，分析当地不存在的大型野生动物肉类供应链的价值动态。由于其在意大利野生有蹄类动物中的代表性，研究重点是马鹿肉。这些数据是在2016年通过对供应链中的利益相关者(猎人、变形金刚和餐馆老板)的深度访谈和焦点小组收集的。结果表明，对于猎人来说，马鹿的假设价格达到每公斤6000欧元。从肉类加工的目标是最大限度地提高胴体，没有任何浪费，变压器可以达到$ 9,80€/kg的假设价格。而对于餐馆老板来说，马鹿肉的最终价格范围在每公斤22,88欧元至51,47欧元之间(假设高附加值课程的最大销售额)。通过肉类质量的最大化，猎人和变形金刚的利润可以显著增加，并在整个供应链中重新分配附加值。本研究的一个局限性是计算值没有考虑利益相关者的生产成本(沿供应链增加的成本)。考虑到我们的研究结果，本地野味可持续供应链的发展可能具有经济意义。因此，野生有蹄类动物可以代表人口的经济资源，而不是山区的环境和社会成本。
{"title":"The value of local Italian supply chain of the large wild ungulates meat: the case of the red deer meat in Alpine valleys","authors":"M. E. Marescotti, A. Gaviglio, E. Demartini","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8424","url":null,"abstract":"Currently in Italy, in contrast to other EU countries, a supply chain for hunted game meat does not exist. Nevertheless there are the conditions for its development (Gaviglio et al., 2017); in fact game meat dishes’ has always been part of Alpine area’s culinary tradition and furthermore, management measures aimed at reducing the overpopulation of large wild ungulates leaded to an increase in the availability of their meat. In this context, the present research aims at analyze the dynamics of the value in the local non-existent supply chain of the large wild game meat by the application on the case study of the Valle Ossola (Piedmont, Italy). Due to its representativeness among Italian wild ungulates, the research focus on red deer meat. The data has been collected in 2016 through in-depth interviews and focus groups with the stakeholders involved in the supply chain: hunters, transformers and restaurateurs. Results show that for the hunter the red deer reach a hypothetical price of 6,00 €/kg. From a meat processing targeted at the maximum enhancement of the carcass, without any waste, the transformers can reach a hypothetical price of 9,80 €/kg. Whereas for the restaurateur, the red deer meat can reach a final price range between 22,88 and 51,47 €/kg (hypothesizing maximum sales of high value-added course). Through the maximization of the meat’s quality, hunter and transformers profits can increase significantly, with a redistribution of the added value throughout the supply chain. A limitation of this study is that the calculated values does not take into consideration the stakeholders’ production costs (that increasing along the supply chain). Considering our findings, the development of sustainable supply chain of the local game meat could be economically interesting. Thus, wild ungulates could represent an economic resource for the population rather than an environmental and social cost for the mountain areas.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84899510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In vivo, cells are surrounded by a three-dimensional (3-D) organization of supporting matrix, neighboring cells and a gradient of chemical and mechanical signals (Antoni, et al. , 2015). However, the present understanding of many biological processes is mainly based on two-dimensional (2-D) systems that typically provides a static environment. In the present study, we tested two different 3-D culture systems and apply them to the epigenetic conversion of mouse dermal fibroblasts into insulin producing-cells (Pennarossa, et al. , 2013; Brevini, et al ., 2015), combining also the use of two oxygen tensions. In particular, cells were differentiated using the Polytetrafluoroethylene micro-bioreactor (PTFE) and the Polyacrylamide (PAA) gels with different stiffness (1 kPa; 4 kPa), maintained either in the standard 20% or in the more physiological 5% oxygen tensions. Standard differentiation performed on plastic substrates was assessed as a control. Cell morphology (Fig.1A), insulin expression and release were analyzed to evaluate the role of both stiffness and oxygen tension in the process. The results obtained showed that 1 kPa PAA gel and PTFE system induced a significantly higher insulin expression and release than plastic and 4 kPa PAA gel, especially in low oxygen condition (Fig.1B). Furthermore, comparing the efficiency of the two systems tested, 1 kPa PAA gel ensured a higher insulin transcription than PTFE (Fig.1C). Recent studies show the direct influence of substrates on lineage commitment and cell differentiation (Engler, et al ., 2006; Evans, et al ., 2009). The evidence here presented confirm that the use of an appropriate stiffness (similar to the pancreatic tissue), combined with a physiological oxygen tension, promote β-cell differentiation, with beneficial effects on cell functional activity and insulin release. The present results highlight the importance of 3-D cell rearrangement and oxigen tension to promote in vitro epigenetic conversion of mouse fibroblasts into insulin-producing cells.
在体内，细胞被支持基质、邻近细胞和化学和机械信号梯度组成的三维(3d)组织所包围(Antoni, et al.， 2015)。然而，目前对许多生物过程的理解主要是基于二维(2-D)系统，通常提供静态环境。在本研究中，我们测试了两种不同的三维培养系统，并将其应用于小鼠真皮成纤维细胞向胰岛素产生细胞的表观遗传转化(Pennarossa等，2013;Brevini, et al .， 2015)，也结合了两种氧张力的使用。用聚四氟乙烯微生物反应器(PTFE)和不同硬度的聚丙烯酰胺(PAA)凝胶(1 kPa;4 kPa)，维持在标准的20%或更生理的5%氧张力。在塑料基质上进行标准分化作为对照进行评估。通过分析细胞形态(图1a)、胰岛素表达和释放来评估硬度和氧张力在这一过程中的作用。结果显示，1 kPa PAA凝胶和PTFE体系诱导胰岛素的表达和释放明显高于塑料和4 kPa PAA凝胶，特别是在低氧条件下(图1b)。此外，比较两种系统的效率，1 kPa PAA凝胶比PTFE确保更高的胰岛素转录(图1c)。最近的研究表明，底物直接影响谱系承诺和细胞分化(Engler, et al .， 2006;Evans, et al .， 2009)。本研究的证据证实，使用适当的硬度(类似于胰腺组织)，结合生理氧张力，促进β细胞分化，对细胞功能活性和胰岛素释放有有益的影响。目前的结果强调了三维细胞重排和氧张力对促进小鼠成纤维细胞向胰岛素生成细胞的体外表观遗传转化的重要性。
{"title":"Matrix stiffness and oxigen tension modulate epigenetic conversion of mouse dermal fibroblasts into insulin producing cells.","authors":"A. Zenobi, F. Gandolfi, T. Brevini","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8401","url":null,"abstract":"In vivo, cells are surrounded by a three-dimensional (3-D) organization of supporting matrix, neighboring cells and a gradient of chemical and mechanical signals (Antoni, et al. , 2015). However, the present understanding of many biological processes is mainly based on two-dimensional (2-D) systems that typically provides a static environment. In the present study, we tested two different 3-D culture systems and apply them to the epigenetic conversion of mouse dermal fibroblasts into insulin producing-cells (Pennarossa, et al. , 2013; Brevini, et al ., 2015), combining also the use of two oxygen tensions. In particular, cells were differentiated using the Polytetrafluoroethylene micro-bioreactor (PTFE) and the Polyacrylamide (PAA) gels with different stiffness (1 kPa; 4 kPa), maintained either in the standard 20% or in the more physiological 5% oxygen tensions. Standard differentiation performed on plastic substrates was assessed as a control. Cell morphology (Fig.1A), insulin expression and release were analyzed to evaluate the role of both stiffness and oxygen tension in the process. The results obtained showed that 1 kPa PAA gel and PTFE system induced a significantly higher insulin expression and release than plastic and 4 kPa PAA gel, especially in low oxygen condition (Fig.1B). Furthermore, comparing the efficiency of the two systems tested, 1 kPa PAA gel ensured a higher insulin transcription than PTFE (Fig.1C). Recent studies show the direct influence of substrates on lineage commitment and cell differentiation (Engler, et al ., 2006; Evans, et al ., 2009). The evidence here presented confirm that the use of an appropriate stiffness (similar to the pancreatic tissue), combined with a physiological oxygen tension, promote β-cell differentiation, with beneficial effects on cell functional activity and insulin release. The present results highlight the importance of 3-D cell rearrangement and oxigen tension to promote in vitro epigenetic conversion of mouse fibroblasts into insulin-producing cells.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77592200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Talenti, F. Bertolini, S. Frattini, G. Pagnacco, M. Rothschild, P. Crepaldi
Selection and breeding practices in goats have led to the fixation of several traits. This is probably due to the standardization of several peculiar morphological characteristics that have always been one of the major exclusion criteria of individuals from selection. Among these, ear carriage is one of the most ancient and considered a signature of domestication in several species, such as the dog, pig, sheep and goat (Boyko et al., 2010). The availability of improved genomic analyses tools for goats may provide useful information on genes involved in this trait. By studying, for example, the homozygosity decay of haplotypes (contiguous length of alleles) such information can be detected. In the current study, we focused on the Maltese goat, a breed showing floppy ears, in comparison with other Italian breeds using a goat medium density SNP chip (Nicoloso et al., 2015). A total 48,767 SNP markers for 369 animals belonging to 16 breeds or populations were analyzed. Genotypes were imputed within population excluding markers without known position on the current genome assembly (ARS1, Bickhart et al., 2017). Population analysis using MDS, ADMIXTURE and fastSTRUCTURE confirmed the good differentiation among the populations. Integrated Haplotype Score (iHS, Sabeti et al., 2007) was performed for each population, comparing the regions detected on the Maltese breed with the others considered to detect genes that may be involved into shaping ear morphology. These results may provide new insights into ear carriage phenotype by detecting genes that play a pivotal role in shaping the goat phenotypic diversity. Acknowledgement The research was funded by INNOVAGEN project.
山羊的选择和育种实践导致了一些特征的固定。这可能是由于几种特殊形态特征的标准化，这些特征一直是个体从选择中排除的主要标准之一。其中，耳朵是最古老的特征之一，被认为是狗、猪、绵羊和山羊等几种物种驯化的标志(Boyko et al.， 2010)。改进的山羊基因组分析工具的可用性可能提供有关这一性状的基因的有用信息。例如，通过研究单倍型(等位基因的连续长度)的纯合性衰减，可以检测到这些信息。在目前的研究中，我们重点研究了马耳他山羊，这是一个耳朵松软的品种，与其他意大利品种相比，使用山羊中密度SNP芯片(Nicoloso et al.， 2015)。共分析了16个品种或种群的369只动物的48767个SNP标记。在种群内输入基因型，不包括在当前基因组组装中没有已知位置的标记(ar1, Bickhart等，2017)。利用MDS、ADMIXTURE和fastSTRUCTURE进行群体分析，证实了种群间分化良好。对每个种群进行综合单倍型评分(iHS, Sabeti et al.， 2007)，将马耳他品种检测到的区域与其他被认为检测到可能参与形成耳朵形态的基因的区域进行比较。这些结果可能通过检测在塑造山羊表型多样性中起关键作用的基因，为研究山羊耳载表型提供新的见解。本研究由INNOVAGEN项目资助。
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B. Ruggerone, F. Bonelli, A. Giordano, I. Nocera, S. Paltrinieri, M. Sgorbini
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is an anti-oxidant compound considered as negative acute phase protein in animals ( Rossi et al., 2013 ) and people ( Novak et al., 2010 ). The paraoxon-based method for measurement of PON-1 in equine serum has not yet been validated. The aim of this study is to validate a paraoxon-based method to measure PON-1 and to establish reference intervals (RIs) in healthy horses and foals. 120 horses (40 geldings, 40 stallions, 40 mares; median age: 11 years; 57 Warmbloods, 46 Trotters) and 55 foals (27 females, 28 males; median age: 47 days; 22 Warmbloods, 31 Trotters) considered healthy after physical examination and biochemistry were examined. Horses were grouped by breed: Thoroughbreds, Trotters, Warmbloods, Draft horses and Ponies. Serum PON-1 was measured with an automated spectrophotometer and an enzymatic method validated in other species ( Giordano et al., 2013). After the analytical validation (precision, accuracy, interference studies), RIs were determined using the Reference Value Advisor software, according to ASCVP guidelines ( Friedrichs et al., 2012 ). The possible gender-, age- and breed-related differences were statistically investigated. The paraoxon-based method was precise (CVs <4.0%) and accurate (P<0.001 in linearity under dilution and spike-recovery testing) but is affected by interference from mild bilirubinemia, severe lipemia or hemoglobinemia. The RIs recorded in the whole population was 38.1-80.8 U/mL. According to the Harris and Boyd test, separate RIs are recommended only for adult females and for Warmblood and Trotter adults (Figure 1). This study demonstrated that analytical performances of the paraoxon-based method for measurement of PON-1 in horses are acceptable. PON-1 is lower in horses than in other species. If future studies will demonstrate that oxidative stress induces a significant decrease of PON-1, this results will be useful to correctly classify healthy and sick horses; PON-1 could be used, as in human medicine, as a marker of oxidative stress.
对氧磷酶-1 (PON-1)是一种抗氧化化合物，在动物(Rossi et al.， 2013)和人类(Novak et al.， 2010)中被认为是负急性期蛋白。基于对氧的马血清PON-1测定方法尚未得到验证。本研究的目的是验证一种基于悖论的方法来测量PON-1，并建立健康马和马驹的参考区间(RIs)。120匹马(阉马40匹、公马40匹、母马40匹);中位年龄:11岁;57匹温血马，46匹马驹)和55匹马驹(27匹母马，28匹公马;中位年龄:47天;温血动物22只，蹄类动物31只)经体格检查和生化检查认为健康。马按品种分类:纯种马、马蹄马、温血马、役用马和矮种马。血清PON-1用自动分光光度计和在其他物种中验证的酶法进行测量(Giordano et al.， 2013)。在分析验证(精密度、准确度、干扰研究)后，根据ASCVP指南(Friedrichs et al.， 2012)，使用参考值顾问软件确定RIs。对可能的性别、年龄和品种相关差异进行了统计调查。基于对氧的方法精密度(cv <4.0%)和准确度(稀释和尖峰回收率线性关系P<0.001)，但受到轻度胆红素血症、严重血脂血症或血红蛋白血症的干扰。整个人群的RIs为38.1 ~ 80.8 U/mL。根据Harris和Boyd的测试，单独的RIs仅推荐用于成年雌性和温血和马蹄类成年动物(图1)。本研究表明，基于对氧的方法测量马体内PON-1的分析性能是可以接受的。PON-1在马中的含量低于其他物种。如果未来的研究将证明氧化应激诱导PON-1显著降低，这一结果将有助于正确区分健康和患病马;PON-1可以像在人类医学中一样，作为氧化应激的标记物。
{"title":"Validation of a Paraoxon-based method for measurement of Paraoxonase (PON-1) activity and establishment of RI in horses","authors":"B. Ruggerone, F. Bonelli, A. Giordano, I. Nocera, S. Paltrinieri, M. Sgorbini","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8379","url":null,"abstract":"Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is an anti-oxidant compound considered as negative acute phase protein in animals ( Rossi et al., 2013 ) and people ( Novak et al., 2010 ). The paraoxon-based method for measurement of PON-1 in equine serum has not yet been validated. The aim of this study is to validate a paraoxon-based method to measure PON-1 and to establish reference intervals (RIs) in healthy horses and foals. 120 horses (40 geldings, 40 stallions, 40 mares; median age: 11 years; 57 Warmbloods, 46 Trotters) and 55 foals (27 females, 28 males; median age: 47 days; 22 Warmbloods, 31 Trotters) considered healthy after physical examination and biochemistry were examined. Horses were grouped by breed: Thoroughbreds, Trotters, Warmbloods, Draft horses and Ponies. Serum PON-1 was measured with an automated spectrophotometer and an enzymatic method validated in other species ( Giordano et al., 2013). After the analytical validation (precision, accuracy, interference studies), RIs were determined using the Reference Value Advisor software, according to ASCVP guidelines ( Friedrichs et al., 2012 ). The possible gender-, age- and breed-related differences were statistically investigated. The paraoxon-based method was precise (CVs <4.0%) and accurate (P<0.001 in linearity under dilution and spike-recovery testing) but is affected by interference from mild bilirubinemia, severe lipemia or hemoglobinemia. The RIs recorded in the whole population was 38.1-80.8 U/mL. According to the Harris and Boyd test, separate RIs are recommended only for adult females and for Warmblood and Trotter adults (Figure 1). This study demonstrated that analytical performances of the paraoxon-based method for measurement of PON-1 in horses are acceptable. PON-1 is lower in horses than in other species. If future studies will demonstrate that oxidative stress induces a significant decrease of PON-1, this results will be useful to correctly classify healthy and sick horses; PON-1 could be used, as in human medicine, as a marker of oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83552962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) residues, which come from environmental pollution, tend to accumulate in the food chain (EFSA, 2008; Guerranti et al., 2013). 17 chemicals of PFASs family were selected for this study. Fresh pork samples were extracted by Waters ® WAX SPE (solid phase extraction) cartridges. All extracted samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results of calibration curves of each PFAS were good, the R 2 values ranging from 0.9901 to 0.9993. The Recoveries were in the range 80%-119%. The protocol of extraction by Waters ® WAX SPE cartridge will be applied in future studies.
来自环境污染的全氟烷基物质(PFASs)残留物倾向于在食物链中积累(欧洲食品安全局，2008年;Guerranti et al.， 2013)。选取PFASs家族的17种化学物质作为研究对象。新鲜猪肉样品采用Waters®WAX固相萃取(SPE)萃取筒进行萃取。提取样品采用液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)分析。各PFAS的校准曲线结果良好，r2值在0.9901 ~ 0.9993之间。加样回收率在80% ~ 119%之间。今后的研究将采用Waters®WAX固相萃取筒提取方法。
{"title":"Preliminary results for the detection method of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) residues in pork","authors":"Shih-kuo Lin, M. Nobile, L. Chiesa","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8386","url":null,"abstract":"The perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) residues, which come from environmental pollution, tend to accumulate in the food chain (EFSA, 2008; Guerranti et al., 2013). 17 chemicals of PFASs family were selected for this study. Fresh pork samples were extracted by Waters ® WAX SPE (solid phase extraction) cartridges. All extracted samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results of calibration curves of each PFAS were good, the R 2 values ranging from 0.9901 to 0.9993. The Recoveries were in the range 80%-119%. The protocol of extraction by Waters ® WAX SPE cartridge will be applied in future studies.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90304107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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