The beneficial effects on human health of seafood are well known. However, seafood is a major source of exposition for consumers of most of the contaminants due to human activities such as breeding, industries, mining and agriculture: the overall level in biota, therefore seafood and particularly molluscs, dramatically increased over this last two centuries. This study evaluates the presence of Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic, Nickel and Chromium in mussels from the Italian mussel culture plants, and estimate the risk that Italian consumer undergoes eating these molluscs. Mussels where collected at the wholesale fish market of Milan, the most important wholesale Italian fish market. The molluscs belonged to the 37 FAO marine area (corresponding to Mediterranean Sea), particularly from FAO 37.2.1 Ligury, 37.2.2. North Adriatic, middle Adriatic, Puglia, 37.2.3 Lazio and Sardinia, and were collected from July 2016 to February 2017. (FIG1). Analyses were carried out through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 3050B method. The sample concentrations were below the Maximum Levels (ML) given by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 for Cadmium, Lead and Mercury, except one sample from south Adriatic sea, that showed Mercury concentration of 0.528 mg kg -1 . Arsenic, Nickel and Chromium ML are not stated by EU. Arsenic concentration ranged from 2.05 to 13.35 mg kg -1 , with the highest values found in Italian molluscs, Nickel concentration ranged from 0.00 to 3.98 mg kg -1 . Chromium was found only in 5 of 30 sample analysed with a maximum concentration of 0.590 g kg -1 . The tolerable intakes recommended by EFSA and on EU maximum levels, indicate that Italian mussels do not pose a risk consumers.
海产品对人体健康的有益作用是众所周知的。然而，由于人类活动，如养殖、工业、采矿和农业，海产品是消费者接触大多数污染物的主要来源:在过去的两个世纪里，生物群的总体水平，因此海产品，特别是软体动物，急剧增加。本研究评估了意大利贻贝养殖工厂贻贝中铅、汞、镉、砷、镍和铬的含量，并估计了意大利消费者食用这些贻贝的风险。贻贝采自米兰鱼批发市场，意大利最重要的鱼批发市场。软体动物属于FAO 37海洋区(对应地中海)，特别是来自FAO 37.2.1 Ligury, 37.2.2。北亚得里亚海、中亚得里亚海、普利亚、37.2.3拉齐奥和撒丁岛，于2016年7月至2017年2月采集。(图一)。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)，按照EPA 3050B方法进行分析。样本浓度均低于欧盟委员会法规(EC) No 1881/2006对镉、铅和汞规定的最高限量(ML)，只有一个来自南亚得里亚海的样本显示汞浓度为0.528 mg kg -1。砷，镍和铬ML未被欧盟规定。砷含量在2.05 ~ 13.35 mg kg -1之间，以意大利软体动物最高;镍含量在0.00 ~ 3.98 mg kg -1之间。在分析的30个样品中，只有5个样品中发现了铬，其最大浓度为0.590 g kg -1。欧洲食品安全局推荐的可容忍摄入量和欧盟的最高水平表明，意大利贻贝不会对消费者构成风险。
{"title":"Metals in mussels from Italian mollusc culture plants","authors":"F. Ceriani, L. Chiesa, S. Panseri, F. Arioli","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8387","url":null,"abstract":"The beneficial effects on human health of seafood are well known. However, seafood is a major source of exposition for consumers of most of the contaminants due to human activities such as breeding, industries, mining and agriculture: the overall level in biota, therefore seafood and particularly molluscs, dramatically increased over this last two centuries. This study evaluates the presence of Lead, Mercury, Cadmium, Arsenic, Nickel and Chromium in mussels from the Italian mussel culture plants, and estimate the risk that Italian consumer undergoes eating these molluscs. Mussels where collected at the wholesale fish market of Milan, the most important wholesale Italian fish market. The molluscs belonged to the 37 FAO marine area (corresponding to Mediterranean Sea), particularly from FAO 37.2.1 Ligury, 37.2.2. North Adriatic, middle Adriatic, Puglia, 37.2.3 Lazio and Sardinia, and were collected from July 2016 to February 2017. (FIG1). Analyses were carried out through inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 3050B method. The sample concentrations were below the Maximum Levels (ML) given by Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 for Cadmium, Lead and Mercury, except one sample from south Adriatic sea, that showed Mercury concentration of 0.528 mg kg -1 . Arsenic, Nickel and Chromium ML are not stated by EU. Arsenic concentration ranged from 2.05 to 13.35 mg kg -1 , with the highest values found in Italian molluscs, Nickel concentration ranged from 0.00 to 3.98 mg kg -1 . Chromium was found only in 5 of 30 sample analysed with a maximum concentration of 0.590 g kg -1 . The tolerable intakes recommended by EFSA and on EU maximum levels, indicate that Italian mussels do not pose a risk consumers.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84891512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Trovatelli, F. Acocella, S. Brizzola, M. Ghiringhelli, D. Zani
Abstract Introductions Aim of EDEN 2020 project’s Milestone 5 is the development of a steerable catheter for CED system in glioblastoma therapy. The VET group is involved in realization and validation of the proper animal model. Materials and methods In this part of the study two fresh sheep’s head from the local slaughter were used. The heads were located into an ad hoc Frame system based on anatomical measures and CT images, producted by Renishaw plc partner in this project. The frame was adapted and every components were checked for the ex vivo validation tests. CT imaging was taken in Lodi at Universita degli studi di Milano, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, with CT scanner and MRI imaging was taken in La Cittadina, Cremona Results System validation was approved by the ex vivo trial. The frame system doesn’t compromise the imaging acquisition in MRI and CT systems. Every system components are functional to their aims. Discussion The Frame system is adapted to the sheep head. It is composed by elements able to lock the head during the imaging acquisition. Frame system is characterized by a support base helpings the animals to keep the head straight forward during imaging time, under general anesthesia. The design of these device support the airways anatomy, avoiding damaging or obstruction of airflows during anesthesia period. The role of elements like mouth bar and ovine head pins is to lock the head in a stable position during imaging acquisition; fixing is guaranteed by V shape head pins, that are arranged against the zygomatic arches. Lateral compression forces to the cranium, and the V shape pins avoid the vertical shifting of the head and any kind of rotations. (fig. 1)
EDEN 2020项目里程碑5的目标是开发用于胶质母细胞瘤治疗的CED系统的可操纵导管。VET小组参与实现和验证合适的动物模型。材料与方法本部分研究采用当地屠宰的两只新鲜羊头。根据解剖测量和CT图像，头部被定位到一个特别的框架系统中，该系统由该项目的合作伙伴雷尼绍plc生产。对框架进行了调整，并对每个组件进行了离体验证试验。CT成像在米兰兽医学院Lodi进行，CT和MRI成像在La Cittadina进行，Cremona Results System通过离体试验验证。框架系统不影响MRI和CT系统的成像采集。每个系统组件都能实现其目标。框架系统适用于羊头。它由能够在成像采集期间锁定头部的元件组成。框架系统的特点是有一个支撑底座，帮助动物在全身麻醉的情况下在成像过程中保持头部向前。这些装置的设计支持气道解剖，避免在麻醉期间破坏或阻塞气流。嘴杆、羊头销等元件的作用是在成像采集过程中将羊头锁定在一个稳定的位置;固定是由V形头销保证，其排列在颧骨弓。侧向压缩力作用于颅骨，V形销避免了头部的垂直移动和任何形式的旋转。(图1)
{"title":"Sheep head frame validation for CT and MRI studies","authors":"M. Trovatelli, F. Acocella, S. Brizzola, M. Ghiringhelli, D. Zani","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8400","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Introductions Aim of EDEN 2020 project’s Milestone 5 is the development of a steerable catheter for CED system in glioblastoma therapy. The VET group is involved in realization and validation of the proper animal model. Materials and methods In this part of the study two fresh sheep’s head from the local slaughter were used. The heads were located into an ad hoc Frame system based on anatomical measures and CT images, producted by Renishaw plc partner in this project. The frame was adapted and every components were checked for the ex vivo validation tests. CT imaging was taken in Lodi at Universita degli studi di Milano, Facolta di Medicina Veterinaria, with CT scanner and MRI imaging was taken in La Cittadina, Cremona Results System validation was approved by the ex vivo trial. The frame system doesn’t compromise the imaging acquisition in MRI and CT systems. Every system components are functional to their aims. Discussion The Frame system is adapted to the sheep head. It is composed by elements able to lock the head during the imaging acquisition. Frame system is characterized by a support base helpings the animals to keep the head straight forward during imaging time, under general anesthesia. The design of these device support the airways anatomy, avoiding damaging or obstruction of airflows during anesthesia period. The role of elements like mouth bar and ovine head pins is to lock the head in a stable position during imaging acquisition; fixing is guaranteed by V shape head pins, that are arranged against the zygomatic arches. Lateral compression forces to the cranium, and the V shape pins avoid the vertical shifting of the head and any kind of rotations. (fig. 1)","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83375066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Farina, A. Agazzi, G. Invernizzi, G. Savoini, J. Loor
Saturated or unsaturated fatty acids compounds were administered to second-parity twins-diagnosed alpine dairy goats. Experimental groups were fed either calcium stearate (ST, n.7), fish oil (FO, n.8) or a control diet without any fat supplement (C, n.8) from one wk before (30g/head/d of fatty acids) to three wks after kidding (50g/head/d of fatty acids). ST provided 26% C16:0 and 69.4% C18:0 while FO provided 10.4% EPA and 7.8% DHA. Both ST and FO diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, with the same calcium content. Previous obtained results on metabolic, productive parameters and mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammatory response let us to consolidate the hypothesis that in goat lipogenesis is reduced across the transition period, if compared to cow, moreover FO can postpone or reduce lipomobilization. Based on these previous results, miRNA expression was performed on the same hepatic and adipose biopsies (collected on day -7 and 7 and 21 from kidding), as a new perspective in controlling cellular pathways, implicated in adipogenesis and metabolic and endocrine functions. We examined miR-26b and 155 for the infiltration of immune cells, miR-99a, 145 and 221 for the inflammation and lipolysis, miR-143 and 378 for pro-adipogenic function. MIXED and GLM procedures of SAS software were used for statistical analysis. No diet effect, but a time effect for miR-155 and a tendency for miR-221 were found. The increase of their expression over the time after kidding let us to speculate that goats have to face a postponed and more contained inflammation due to the lipolysis, when compared to cows.
{"title":"Can lipid supplementation modulate inflammatory state and immune response in periparturient goats? A case study on hepatic and adipose miRNA expression","authors":"G. Farina, A. Agazzi, G. Invernizzi, G. Savoini, J. Loor","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8385","url":null,"abstract":"Saturated or unsaturated fatty acids compounds were administered to second-parity twins-diagnosed alpine dairy goats. Experimental groups were fed either calcium stearate (ST, n.7), fish oil (FO, n.8) or a control diet without any fat supplement (C, n.8) from one wk before (30g/head/d of fatty acids) to three wks after kidding (50g/head/d of fatty acids). ST provided 26% C16:0 and 69.4% C18:0 while FO provided 10.4% EPA and 7.8% DHA. Both ST and FO diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous, with the same calcium content. Previous obtained results on metabolic, productive parameters and mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and inflammatory response let us to consolidate the hypothesis that in goat lipogenesis is reduced across the transition period, if compared to cow, moreover FO can postpone or reduce lipomobilization. Based on these previous results, miRNA expression was performed on the same hepatic and adipose biopsies (collected on day -7 and 7 and 21 from kidding), as a new perspective in controlling cellular pathways, implicated in adipogenesis and metabolic and endocrine functions. We examined miR-26b and 155 for the infiltration of immune cells, miR-99a, 145 and 221 for the inflammation and lipolysis, miR-143 and 378 for pro-adipogenic function. MIXED and GLM procedures of SAS software were used for statistical analysis. No diet effect, but a time effect for miR-155 and a tendency for miR-221 were found. The increase of their expression over the time after kidding let us to speculate that goats have to face a postponed and more contained inflammation due to the lipolysis, when compared to cows.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87852026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Perricone, A. Agazzi, A. Costa, M. Lazzari, G. Savoini, A. Calcante, F. Tangorra
Daily dry matter (DM) intake in dairy cow is a central point to meet nutritional requirements and optimal performance, reducing the incidence of metabolic diseases. DM content of some forages, such as silages, can undergo huge variations during storing, affecting the total daily DM consumed. Reference laboratory method is time consuming and cannot be applied to daily changes in diet composition. Currently, new promising real-time technologies are available to monitor the DM content of feeds. The aim of the study was to test and calibrate a portable microwave sensor (MS) for DM content in corn silage samples. Twenty-two samples were collected from a corn silage front; sampling procedure was optimized to collect as much as DM content variability as possible within the samples. MS readings were performed with 3 different methods for each samples: 1) directly on the silage front, 2) with the MS over the collected sample and 3) with MS placed under the sample. After the first MS reading, a correspondent silage sample was obtained by a silage corer for readings 2 and 3 and the laboratory DM content assay. A simple regression analysis was performed (JMP, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 2015) over obtained data. Results evidences as the best MS reading method is represented by the probe burdening on the sample (R 2 =0.75) with respect to the other methods. The obtained results outlined as, with a correct reading method, MS can be valuable tool to determine DM content of corn silage directly at farm level.
奶牛日干物质采食量是满足营养需求和优化生产性能、降低代谢性疾病发病率的一个中心点。青贮等牧草的干物质含量在贮藏过程中会发生较大变化，影响日总干物质消耗量。参考实验室法耗时，不能用于日常饮食成分的变化。目前，新的有前途的实时技术可用于监控饲料的DM内容。本研究的目的是对玉米青贮样品中DM含量的便携式微波传感器(MS)进行测试和校准。在玉米青贮前线采集22份样品;优化了采样程序，以尽可能多地收集样本中DM含量的变异性。对每个样品采用3种不同的方法进行质谱读数:1)直接在青贮前部，2)将质谱置于收集的样品上方，3)将质谱置于样品下方。在第一次MS读数后，通过读数2和3的青贮盖和实验室DM含量测定获得相应的青贮样品。对获得的数据进行简单的回归分析(JMP, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 2015)。结果表明，相对于其他方法，探针对样品的负荷(r2 =0.75)是最佳的质谱读数方法。结果表明，采用正确的读数方法，质谱可以直接在农场水平上测定玉米青贮的DM含量。
{"title":"Real-time dry matter content of corn silage by a microwave sensor","authors":"V. Perricone, A. Agazzi, A. Costa, M. Lazzari, G. Savoini, A. Calcante, F. Tangorra","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8383","url":null,"abstract":"Daily dry matter (DM) intake in dairy cow is a central point to meet nutritional requirements and optimal performance, reducing the incidence of metabolic diseases. DM content of some forages, such as silages, can undergo huge variations during storing, affecting the total daily DM consumed. Reference laboratory method is time consuming and cannot be applied to daily changes in diet composition. Currently, new promising real-time technologies are available to monitor the DM content of feeds. The aim of the study was to test and calibrate a portable microwave sensor (MS) for DM content in corn silage samples. Twenty-two samples were collected from a corn silage front; sampling procedure was optimized to collect as much as DM content variability as possible within the samples. MS readings were performed with 3 different methods for each samples: 1) directly on the silage front, 2) with the MS over the collected sample and 3) with MS placed under the sample. After the first MS reading, a correspondent silage sample was obtained by a silage corer for readings 2 and 3 and the laboratory DM content assay. A simple regression analysis was performed (JMP, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, 2015) over obtained data. Results evidences as the best MS reading method is represented by the probe burdening on the sample (R 2 =0.75) with respect to the other methods. The obtained results outlined as, with a correct reading method, MS can be valuable tool to determine DM content of corn silage directly at farm level.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72846588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction. Canine breeds, being genetic clusters, are good models for studies on genetic predisposition. Golden retriever (GR) has been described with a high incidence of both lymphoma overall (19%) and T zone lymphoma (TZL, 40%) with differences in different geographical areas in US. This breed predisposition is confirmed in Japanese but not in European (EU) case series although specific studies are still lacking. Aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of GR in a huge case series of canine lymphomas from different EU countries and to compare prevalence of different subtypes with studies in extra-EU countries, in order to support a possible different genetic predisposition. Materials and methods. Signalment data on 1734 consecutive cases of canine lymphoma collected from 9 different European countries are retrospectively analysed. When subtypes are available, cases are furtherly separated in three subtype groups: 1) B-cell lymphoma, 2) T-cell lymphoma-high grade, 3) TZL. Odds ratio (OR) for different lymphoma subtypes are calculated in comparison with mixed breed population, considered as control. Results. Overall prevalence of GR is 5.19% (range 1.59-7.32%) of lymphoma cases and differs from that reported in American and Japanese caseloads. Prevalence slightly varies among EU countries and no subtypes predilection is found if compared with mixed breed. Concerning Italian cohort, GR is not predisposed to develop a lymphoma when normalized for the breed prevalence (OR=1.49, 95% confidence interval=0.87-2.55, p=0.14). Discussion. Prevalence of lymphoma in EU population of GR is much lower than that of US. No predisposition is identified in EU GR for TZL differently from US and Japan. Being genetic of European GR population quite different from American and Japanese ones this suggest a possible different genetic predisposition. Slight differences in GR lymphoma prevalence among European countries likely reflects different breed distribution rather than different genetic predisposition.
{"title":"Prevalence of Golden retriever in European dogs with lymphoma: preliminary data","authors":"M. Cozzi, S. Comazzi, S. Marelli, R. Rizzi","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8437","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Canine breeds, being genetic clusters, are good models for studies on genetic predisposition. Golden retriever (GR) has been described with a high incidence of both lymphoma overall (19%) and T zone lymphoma (TZL, 40%) with differences in different geographical areas in US. This breed predisposition is confirmed in Japanese but not in European (EU) case series although specific studies are still lacking. Aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of GR in a huge case series of canine lymphomas from different EU countries and to compare prevalence of different subtypes with studies in extra-EU countries, in order to support a possible different genetic predisposition. Materials and methods. Signalment data on 1734 consecutive cases of canine lymphoma collected from 9 different European countries are retrospectively analysed. When subtypes are available, cases are furtherly separated in three subtype groups: 1) B-cell lymphoma, 2) T-cell lymphoma-high grade, 3) TZL. Odds ratio (OR) for different lymphoma subtypes are calculated in comparison with mixed breed population, considered as control. Results. Overall prevalence of GR is 5.19% (range 1.59-7.32%) of lymphoma cases and differs from that reported in American and Japanese caseloads. Prevalence slightly varies among EU countries and no subtypes predilection is found if compared with mixed breed. Concerning Italian cohort, GR is not predisposed to develop a lymphoma when normalized for the breed prevalence (OR=1.49, 95% confidence interval=0.87-2.55, p=0.14). Discussion. Prevalence of lymphoma in EU population of GR is much lower than that of US. No predisposition is identified in EU GR for TZL differently from US and Japan. Being genetic of European GR population quite different from American and Japanese ones this suggest a possible different genetic predisposition. Slight differences in GR lymphoma prevalence among European countries likely reflects different breed distribution rather than different genetic predisposition.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90870634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bernardi, V. Martini, P. Marelli, M. Cozzi, S. Comazzi
Introduction Flow cytometry (FC) is an increasingly required technique on which veterinary oncologists rely to have an accurate, fast, minimally invasive lymphoma or leukemia diagnosis. FC has been studied and applied with great results in canine oncology, whereas in feline oncology the use of this technique is still to be experienced. This is mainly due to a supposed discomfort in sampling, because of the high prevalence of intra-abdominal lymphomas. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether any pre-analytical factor might affect the quality of suspected feline lymphoma samples for FC analysis. Methods 97 consecutive samples of suspected feline lymphoma were retrospectively selected from the authors’ institution FC database. The referring veterinarians were recalled and interrogated about several different variables, including signalling, features of the lesion, features of the sampling procedure and the experience of veterinarians performing the sampling. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the possible influence of these variables on the cellularity of the samples and the likelihood of being finally processed for FC. Results None of the investigated variables significantly influenced the quality of the submitted samples, but the needle size, with 21G needles providing the highest cellularity (Table 1). Notably, the samples quality did not vary between peripheral and intra-abdominal lesions. Sample cellularity alone influenced the likelihood of being processed. About a half of the cats required pharmacological restraint. Side effects were reported in one case only (transient swelling after peripheral lymph node sampling). Conclusions FC can be safely applied to cases of suspected feline lymphomas, even for intra-abdominal lesions. 21G needle should be preferred for sampling. This study provides the bases for the spread of this minimally invasive, fast and cost-effective technique in feline medicine.
{"title":"Flow cytometry for feline lymphoma: a retrospective study about pre-analytical factors possibly affecting the quality of samples","authors":"S. Bernardi, V. Martini, P. Marelli, M. Cozzi, S. Comazzi","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8397","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Flow cytometry (FC) is an increasingly required technique on which veterinary oncologists rely to have an accurate, fast, minimally invasive lymphoma or leukemia diagnosis. FC has been studied and applied with great results in canine oncology, whereas in feline oncology the use of this technique is still to be experienced. This is mainly due to a supposed discomfort in sampling, because of the high prevalence of intra-abdominal lymphomas. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether any pre-analytical factor might affect the quality of suspected feline lymphoma samples for FC analysis. Methods 97 consecutive samples of suspected feline lymphoma were retrospectively selected from the authors’ institution FC database. The referring veterinarians were recalled and interrogated about several different variables, including signalling, features of the lesion, features of the sampling procedure and the experience of veterinarians performing the sampling. Statistical analyses were performed to assess the possible influence of these variables on the cellularity of the samples and the likelihood of being finally processed for FC. Results None of the investigated variables significantly influenced the quality of the submitted samples, but the needle size, with 21G needles providing the highest cellularity (Table 1). Notably, the samples quality did not vary between peripheral and intra-abdominal lesions. Sample cellularity alone influenced the likelihood of being processed. About a half of the cats required pharmacological restraint. Side effects were reported in one case only (transient swelling after peripheral lymph node sampling). Conclusions FC can be safely applied to cases of suspected feline lymphomas, even for intra-abdominal lesions. 21G needle should be preferred for sampling. This study provides the bases for the spread of this minimally invasive, fast and cost-effective technique in feline medicine.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75983402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A year round agronomical trial was conducted on station (Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute) to investigate the impact of seasonal variations on biomass production of Moringa oleifera at different fertilizer doses in Bangladesh. A 6×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) was applied on 20m×12m =240 m2 size plot, established in 2006 with a plant density of 13,500/hectare, was equally divided into 18 sub-plots and randomly grouped into three; 6 plots was treated as control, 6 plots was treated as medium with medium doses of fertilizer and rest 6 was treated as high fertilizer dose with the ratio of N.P.K was 90:30:15 and 160:60:40 kg/ha, respectively. The obtained result revealed that, the summer was the best season and autumn, monsoon and spring was also favorable for getting maximum yield of Moringa oleifera with ambient temperature ranges 27-32 0 C and fertilization dose N:P:K= 90:30:15 is suitable for optimum moringa production and chemical composition of moringa varied with season and slightly with fertilization.
{"title":"Seasonal Weather Impacts on Biomass Production of Moringa oleifera at Different Fertilizer Doses","authors":"N. Huda, K. S. Haque, B. Roy, N. R. Sarker","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8001","url":null,"abstract":"A year round agronomical trial was conducted on station (Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute) to investigate the impact of seasonal variations on biomass production of Moringa oleifera at different fertilizer doses in Bangladesh. A 6×3 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD) was applied on 20m×12m =240 m2 size plot, established in 2006 with a plant density of 13,500/hectare, was equally divided into 18 sub-plots and randomly grouped into three; 6 plots was treated as control, 6 plots was treated as medium with medium doses of fertilizer and rest 6 was treated as high fertilizer dose with the ratio of N.P.K was 90:30:15 and 160:60:40 kg/ha, respectively. The obtained result revealed that, the summer was the best season and autumn, monsoon and spring was also favorable for getting maximum yield of Moringa oleifera with ambient temperature ranges 27-32 0 C and fertilization dose N:P:K= 90:30:15 is suitable for optimum moringa production and chemical composition of moringa varied with season and slightly with fertilization.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76158048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Rabbogliatti, M. Giancamillo, D. Zani, D. Gioeni, F. D. Cesare, E. D'urso, D. Zani, G. Ravasio
Peribulbar block (PPB) has been used in humans as a safer alternative to retrobulbar block (RBB). PBB, depends on the diffusion of anaesthetic solution into the muscle across the connective tissue and it is performed introducing the needle within the extraconal space. The advantages are fewer complications and palpebral akinesia. In Veterinary Medicine few studies describe this technique in dogs (Ahn J 2013) and cats (Shilo-Benjamini et al. 2013). Based on literature the aim of the study is to determinate, in equine specimens, feasibility of inferior PBB with single needle injection, by using contrast medium (CM), and to evaluate thought Computed Tomography (CT) the distribution around the optic nerve (degrees). PBB was performed in 6 orbits. The mixture injected consisted of 20 ml of physiological solution and iodinated CM at 25%. Each periorbital area underwent three CT scans. A basal acquisition to assess the needle position before the injection, a second and third scan were performed immediately after injection, and after application of pressure on the periorbital surface area to promote CM diffusion. The needle position was measured from the tip to the optic nerve with a mean distance of 2,27 mm ± 0,28. The mean volume distribution before pressure application was 23,56 cm 3 ± 2,58 and after pressure application was 27,56 cm 3 ± 4,8. The CM distribution, was defined (Nouvellon et al. 2010) “successful” in 4 orbits (>270°) and “inadequate” in 2 orbits (<180°). The present study demonstrates feasibility of inferior PBB by single injection in horses for its simple and practical execution. Inferior PPB is a potential alternative to systemic administration of neuromuscular blocking agents for ophthalmic surgery. However, this approach needs to be evaluate in clinical trials to assess its feasibility and effectiveness in clinical practice for standing procedures.
人类已将球周阻滞(PPB)作为球后阻滞(RBB)的一种更安全的替代品。PBB依赖于麻醉溶液通过结缔组织进入肌肉的扩散，并在外腔内引入针。其优点是并发症少，睑动症少。在兽医学中，很少有研究描述狗(Ahn J 2013)和猫(Shilo-Benjamini et al. 2013)的这种技术。本研究的目的是在文献基础上，通过对比剂(CM)确定马标本单针注射下位PBB的可行性，并评估视神经周围的CT分布(度)。在6个轨道上进行PBB。注射的混合液为20 ml生理溶液和25%碘化CM。每个眶周区域行三次CT扫描。注射前进行基础采集以评估针头位置，注射后立即进行第二次和第三次扫描，并在眶周表面施加压力以促进CM扩散后进行扫描。测针位置从针尖到视神经，平均距离为2,27 mm±0,28。施加压力前的平均体积分布为23,56 cm 3±2,58，施加压力后的平均体积分布为27,56 cm 3±4,8。CM分布被定义为(Nouvellon et al. 2010)在4个轨道(bb0 270°)中“成功”，在2个轨道(<180°)中“不充分”。本研究证明了马单次注射劣质PBB的可行性，其操作简单实用。在眼科手术中，较差的PPB是替代全身神经肌肉阻滞剂的潜在选择。然而，这种方法需要在临床试验中进行评估，以评估其在临床实践中作为常规程序的可行性和有效性。
{"title":"Peribulbar block in equine isolated heads. Development of a single needle technique and tomographic evaluation","authors":"V. Rabbogliatti, M. Giancamillo, D. Zani, D. Gioeni, F. D. Cesare, E. D'urso, D. Zani, G. Ravasio","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8412","url":null,"abstract":"Peribulbar block (PPB) has been used in humans as a safer alternative to retrobulbar block (RBB). PBB, depends on the diffusion of anaesthetic solution into the muscle across the connective tissue and it is performed introducing the needle within the extraconal space. The advantages are fewer complications and palpebral akinesia. In Veterinary Medicine few studies describe this technique in dogs (Ahn J 2013) and cats (Shilo-Benjamini et al. 2013). Based on literature the aim of the study is to determinate, in equine specimens, feasibility of inferior PBB with single needle injection, by using contrast medium (CM), and to evaluate thought Computed Tomography (CT) the distribution around the optic nerve (degrees). PBB was performed in 6 orbits. The mixture injected consisted of 20 ml of physiological solution and iodinated CM at 25%. Each periorbital area underwent three CT scans. A basal acquisition to assess the needle position before the injection, a second and third scan were performed immediately after injection, and after application of pressure on the periorbital surface area to promote CM diffusion. The needle position was measured from the tip to the optic nerve with a mean distance of 2,27 mm ± 0,28. The mean volume distribution before pressure application was 23,56 cm 3 ± 2,58 and after pressure application was 27,56 cm 3 ± 4,8. The CM distribution, was defined (Nouvellon et al. 2010) “successful” in 4 orbits (>270°) and “inadequate” in 2 orbits (<180°). The present study demonstrates feasibility of inferior PBB by single injection in horses for its simple and practical execution. Inferior PPB is a potential alternative to systemic administration of neuromuscular blocking agents for ophthalmic surgery. However, this approach needs to be evaluate in clinical trials to assess its feasibility and effectiveness in clinical practice for standing procedures.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81492845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Castrica, C. Giromini, R. Rebucci, D. Gottardo, V. Bontempo, A. Baldi
Agri-food wastes (AFW) and by-products chain still have the potential to be reprocessed into other production systems. AFW and by-products may contain components that could be valorised for their bioactivity, such as polyphenols and antioxidant molecules that can be used as a source of functional ingredients for feed industries. However the bioaccessibility of these products are higly variable and dependent on a range of factors, one of the most important being food matrix characteristic. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of several AFW (fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), citrus pulp, strawberry and orange dried) and by-products (grape marc, Camilina sativa cake, olive pomace and whey) using different extraction protocols. A total of 24 samples were processed using two different extraction methods: chemical extraction and in vitro physiological extraction. Afterwards, the polyphenolic content was assessed by Folin–Ciocalteu assay while antioxidant capacity was determined by 2, 2-Azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid (ABTS) assay. Soy and wheat samples were included as controls in all the experiments. Results obtained showed that the chemical extracts of by-products and AFW contain different amount of polyphenols; in particular, as expected, the grape marc showed the highest polyphenolic content with a value of 4.5% w/w, followed by Camilina sativa cake, olive pomace, FVW, orange and strawberry dried showed a polyphenolic content of 1.3, 0.7, 1.3, 1.6 and 1.3 %w/w, respectively. Considering the antioxidant capacity, grape marc exhibited a significant (P<0.05) value of 573.6 μmol Trolox equivalent/g after chemical extraction compared to the other samples considered. The physiological extraction yielded high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that during the digestion the bioaccessibility of phenolic and antioxidant compounds was improved. The results obtained in this study indicate that AFW and by-products could be considered a promising source of antioxidants and phenolic compounds.
{"title":"Polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity in agri-food wastes and by-products using different extraction methods","authors":"M. Castrica, C. Giromini, R. Rebucci, D. Gottardo, V. Bontempo, A. Baldi","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8382","url":null,"abstract":"Agri-food wastes (AFW) and by-products chain still have the potential to be reprocessed into other production systems. AFW and by-products may contain components that could be valorised for their bioactivity, such as polyphenols and antioxidant molecules that can be used as a source of functional ingredients for feed industries. However the bioaccessibility of these products are higly variable and dependent on a range of factors, one of the most important being food matrix characteristic. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic content and the antioxidant capacity of several AFW (fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), citrus pulp, strawberry and orange dried) and by-products (grape marc, Camilina sativa cake, olive pomace and whey) using different extraction protocols. A total of 24 samples were processed using two different extraction methods: chemical extraction and in vitro physiological extraction. Afterwards, the polyphenolic content was assessed by Folin–Ciocalteu assay while antioxidant capacity was determined by 2, 2-Azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic Acid (ABTS) assay. Soy and wheat samples were included as controls in all the experiments. Results obtained showed that the chemical extracts of by-products and AFW contain different amount of polyphenols; in particular, as expected, the grape marc showed the highest polyphenolic content with a value of 4.5% w/w, followed by Camilina sativa cake, olive pomace, FVW, orange and strawberry dried showed a polyphenolic content of 1.3, 0.7, 1.3, 1.6 and 1.3 %w/w, respectively. Considering the antioxidant capacity, grape marc exhibited a significant (P<0.05) value of 573.6 μmol Trolox equivalent/g after chemical extraction compared to the other samples considered. The physiological extraction yielded high polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity, suggesting that during the digestion the bioaccessibility of phenolic and antioxidant compounds was improved. The results obtained in this study indicate that AFW and by-products could be considered a promising source of antioxidants and phenolic compounds.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89538804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Treadmill exercise testing can be performed on a horse to evaluate the level of fitness with the aim of predicting performance (Franklin and Allen, 2014). The speed at 2 mmol/L of blood lactate (VLA2), the speed at 4 mmol/L (VLA4) and the speed at 200 bpm of heart rate (V200) are indices that have been related to performance (Corouce et al., 2002). Aim of the present work is to analyze these parameters in a population of high performance Standarbred racehorses. Six healthy and at the same level of training Standardbred racehorses (average age 3,3±2,0 y.o.) underwent an incremental exercise test (Zucca et al., 2003) on a high speed treadmill (Sӓto I, SATO, Sweden). During the test heart rate (HR) was monitored with a heart rate meter (Polar horsetrainer, Polar, Finland). Venous blood was collected with the aid of a 14G teflon venous catheter placed in the jugular vein. Plasma lactate was measured with enzymatic colorimetric method lactate dry-fast kit for automatic system (Cobas Mira Classic, Roche, Switzerland). Data were analyzed with a dedicated software (Lactate Express, Mesics, Germany) and VLA2, VLA4 and V200 were calculated and statistically compared by T-student test for paired sample (Prism, GraphPad, USA). Statistical significance was set at p<0,05. Average VLA2 was 8.3±0.5 m/s, average VLA4 was 9.2±0.4 m/s, average V200 was 8.1±0.9. There was a significant difference between VLA4 and V200 (Fig. 1). No difference was observed between VLA2 and V200 V200 is often reported to be close to VLA4, and considered as correspondent to the onset of blood lactate accumulation (Corouce et al, 2002). According to our results, it may be argued that V200 is a measure that does not fit with the lactate threshold. These data could be used as control for further studies on racehorses with poor performance syndrome.
可以在马身上进行跑步机运动测试，以评估健康水平，以预测表现(Franklin and Allen, 2014)。2 mmol/L血乳酸速度(VLA2)、4 mmol/L血乳酸速度(VLA4)和200 bpm心率速度(V200)是与运动表现相关的指标(Corouce et al.， 2002)。本研究的目的是在一群高性能标准赛马中分析这些参数。6匹健康且训练水平相同的标准赛马(平均年龄3.3±2000岁)在高速跑步机上(Sӓto I, SATO，瑞典)进行了增量运动测试(Zucca et al.， 2003)。在测试期间，心率(HR)用心率计监测(Polar马教练，Polar，芬兰)。静脉血在颈静脉放置14G特氟龙静脉导管的帮助下采集。血浆乳酸测定采用酶促比色法乳酸干快速试剂盒(Cobas Mira Classic, Roche，瑞士)。采用专用软件(德国Mesics公司的Lactate Express)对数据进行分析，采用配对样本的T-student检验(Prism公司，GraphPad公司，美国)计算VLA2、VLA4和V200并进行统计学比较。p< 0.05，差异有统计学意义。平均VLA2为8.3±0.5 m/s，平均VLA4为9.2±0.4 m/s，平均V200为8.1±0.9。在VLA4和V200之间存在显著差异(图1)。在VLA2和V200之间没有观察到差异。V200经常被报道接近VLA4，并被认为与血乳酸积累的开始相对应(Corouce et al, 2002)。根据我们的结果，可以认为V200是一个不适合乳酸阈值的测量。这些数据可以作为进一步研究表现不佳综合症赛马的对照。
{"title":"Performance profiling of Standardbred racehorses by means of Treadmill Exercise Testing","authors":"L. Stucchi, M. Dosi, F. Ferrucci","doi":"10.13130/2283-3927/8447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13130/2283-3927/8447","url":null,"abstract":"Treadmill exercise testing can be performed on a horse to evaluate the level of fitness with the aim of predicting performance (Franklin and Allen, 2014). The speed at 2 mmol/L of blood lactate (VLA2), the speed at 4 mmol/L (VLA4) and the speed at 200 bpm of heart rate (V200) are indices that have been related to performance (Corouce et al., 2002). Aim of the present work is to analyze these parameters in a population of high performance Standarbred racehorses. Six healthy and at the same level of training Standardbred racehorses (average age 3,3±2,0 y.o.) underwent an incremental exercise test (Zucca et al., 2003) on a high speed treadmill (Sӓto I, SATO, Sweden). During the test heart rate (HR) was monitored with a heart rate meter (Polar horsetrainer, Polar, Finland). Venous blood was collected with the aid of a 14G teflon venous catheter placed in the jugular vein. Plasma lactate was measured with enzymatic colorimetric method lactate dry-fast kit for automatic system (Cobas Mira Classic, Roche, Switzerland). Data were analyzed with a dedicated software (Lactate Express, Mesics, Germany) and VLA2, VLA4 and V200 were calculated and statistically compared by T-student test for paired sample (Prism, GraphPad, USA). Statistical significance was set at p<0,05. Average VLA2 was 8.3±0.5 m/s, average VLA4 was 9.2±0.4 m/s, average V200 was 8.1±0.9. There was a significant difference between VLA4 and V200 (Fig. 1). No difference was observed between VLA2 and V200 V200 is often reported to be close to VLA4, and considered as correspondent to the onset of blood lactate accumulation (Corouce et al, 2002). According to our results, it may be argued that V200 is a measure that does not fit with the lactate threshold. These data could be used as control for further studies on racehorses with poor performance syndrome.","PeriodicalId":14105,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Health, Animal science and Food safety","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74179510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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