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Recycling sterile gold mining waste for use as construction aggregate 回收金矿无菌废料作建筑骨料
Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.21817/IJET/2020/V12I6/201206014
E. Quintero, Carlos Alberto Ríos Reyes, Wilmarie Rios
Gold is found in part by the thousands in rocks, which makes it necessary to mine a large quantity of rock in order to obtain a minimum quantity of gold. This leads to the generation of a significant amount of solid waste product because of the crushing and grinding of the material that generates waste from block size to sandy and fine granulometry. These residues end up as deposits on the surface or slopes that generate the danger of landslides or damage in the soil, another large part of the ground material ends up dumped in rivers and streams, which increases the rate of sedimentation and the deposition of heavy metals. In Colombia, the areas that are dedicated to the exploitation of gold encompass large regions, which generates that a significant amount of water sources are affected, in addition, the mines are in some cases close to the paramos such as the Santurban paramo, an important source of water in the north of Colombia. In the field studies, it was observed that 6 tons of sterile waste is generated per day that meets the standards as a construction aggregate for use in the concrete mix. In the tests carried out it was found that it can be used for structural concrete. Petrographic and chemical analyzes revealed significant silica content from plagioclase, quartz, and micas that make up the sterile residue. KeywordWaste Minimization, Aggregate Concrete, Sustainability, mining, gold
在岩石中发现了成千上万的部分黄金,这使得必须开采大量的岩石才能获得最少数量的黄金。这导致产生大量的固体废物,因为物料的破碎和研磨产生了从块状到砂状和细粒度的废物。这些残留物最终沉积在地表或斜坡上,产生山体滑坡的危险或对土壤造成破坏,另一大部分地面物质最终被倾倒在河流和小溪中,这增加了沉积和重金属沉积的速度。在哥伦比亚,专门用于开采黄金的地区包括大片地区,这造成大量水源受到影响,此外,这些矿山在某些情况下靠近帕拉莫,例如哥伦比亚北部重要的水源桑图尔班帕拉莫。在实地研究中,观察到每天产生6吨无菌废物,这些废物符合用于混凝土混合料的建筑骨料标准。在进行的试验中,发现它可以用于结构混凝土。岩石学和化学分析显示,组成无菌残留物的斜长石、石英和云母中含有大量的二氧化硅。关键词:废物最小化,混凝土,可持续性,采矿,黄金
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引用次数: 0
A Technique For Lock-In Prediction On A Fluid Structure Interaction Of Naca 0012 Foil With High Re 高Re Naca 0012箔流固相互作用的锁相预测技术
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.24003/EMITTER.V8I2.543
N. Arini, S. Turnock, M. Tan
A numerical lock-in prediction technique of a NACA 0012 hydrofoil, immersed in a flow having a Re of 3.07x106 is proposed in this paper. The technique observes the foil’s response as part of a fluid-structure interaction analysis. The response is modelled by foil’s vibration which is represented by spring and damper components. The technique identifies and predicts the foil’s lock-in when it vibrates. The prediction is examined using the Phase Averaged Method which employs the Hilbert Transform Method. The aim of this paper is to propose a numerical way to identify a lock-in condition experienced by a NACA 0012 foil in a high Reynolds number flow. The foil’s mechanical properties are selected and its motions are restricted in two modes which are in the pitch and heave directions. The rotational and transverse lock-in modes are identified in the model. The existence of lock-in is verified using pressure distribution plot, the history of trailing edge displacement and fluid regime capture. The history of total force coefficients is also shown to justify the result. The result shows that the technique can predict reliably the lock-in condition on the foil’s interaction. Three main fluid induced vibration frequencies are generated in the interaction. None of them are close to natural frequency of the foil and lock-in is apparently not found in the typical operational condition.
本文提出了一种NACA 0012型水翼在Re为3.07 × 106的湍流中的数值锁定预报方法。该技术观察箔片的响应作为流固耦合分析的一部分。该响应是用箔片的振动来模拟的,箔片的振动由弹簧和阻尼器组成。该技术可以识别并预测箔片在振动时的锁定状态。采用采用希尔伯特变换的相位平均法对预测结果进行检验。本文的目的是提出一种数值方法来识别NACA 0012箔在高雷诺数流动中所经历的锁定状态。选择了金属箔的力学性能,并将其运动限制在俯仰和升沉两种模式下。在模型中确定了旋转锁模和横向锁模。利用压力分布图、尾缘位移历史和流体状态捕获验证了锁相的存在。总力系数的变化历史也证明了结果的正确性。结果表明,该方法可以可靠地预测箔片相互作用下的锁相状态。在相互作用中产生了三种主要的流体诱发振动频率。它们都不接近箔的固有频率,锁定显然没有发现在典型的操作条件。
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引用次数: 3
Thermal Analysis of Solar Air Heater with Ventilator Turbine and Fins 带透平和翅片的太阳能空气加热器的热分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-28 DOI: 10.24003/EMITTER.V8I2.584
A. G. Safitra, L. Diana, Denny Muhammad Agil, Julfan Hafiz Fareza, N. Arini
Solar air heater (SAH) is a renewable energy application for the drying process. SAH has a challenge to produce high performance under uncertain weather. The performance of SAH can be enhanced by providing the absorber plate by adding the fins. This study aims to evaluate the thermal performance of SAH with rectangular fins SAH at low air velocity. This study compares the performance of SAH without fins and SAH with rectangular fins. Two variations of a tilt angle of SAH are 0° and 30° which are observed in this study. The SAH uses a ventilator turbine to suck air into the collector box. The air velocity is 0.01 m/s. The method is experimental. The SAH is tested under real condition from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. The measurement tools consist of a pyranometer, an anemometer, a temperature sensor in the inlet section, 3 sensors in the absorber plate, a sensor in the outlet section, 6 temperature sensors in the drying cabinet. The result showed the thermal efficiency of SAH with rectangular fins is 29.67 % higher than SAH without fins at 0 ̊ tilt of angle at noon. The thermal efficiency of SAH with rectangular fins is 25.26 % higher than that of without fins at 30 ̊ tilt of angle at noon.
太阳能空气加热器(SAH)是一种用于干燥过程的可再生能源。SAH面临着在不确定天气条件下产生高性能的挑战。通过增加翅片来提供吸收板,可以提高SAH的性能。本研究旨在评估矩形翅片SAH在低风速下的热性能。本研究比较了无翅片SAH和带矩形翅片SAH的性能。在本研究中观察到的SAH倾斜角度的两个变化是0°和30°。SAH使用通风机涡轮将空气吸入集热器。风速为0.01 m/s。这种方法是实验性的。SAH从上午9点到下午4点在真实条件下进行测试。测量工具包括一个高温计、一个风速计、入口段一个温度传感器、吸收板3个传感器、出口段一个传感器、干燥柜内6个温度传感器。结果表明:在正午倾角为0°时,矩形翅片的热效率比无翅片的高29.67%;中午倾角为30°时,带矩形翅片的SAH热效率比不带翅片的SAH高25.26%。
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引用次数: 0
Science in mobile apps for education: tackling online learning within pandemic outbreak 教育移动应用中的科学:在大流行爆发期间解决在线学习问题
Pub Date : 2020-12-25 DOI: 10.14419/IJET.V10I1.31150
NH Kamarudin, E. Ong, WS Chung
In adapting the issues of pandemic, educational sectors in Malaysia from the lower school level till university levels are encouraged to forecast any specific tools that may help in cater the needs in utilizing online learning. It is by right the issues that been face by global outbreak for everyone on earth as Covid19 that embarked big challenges in face to face and normal daily classes and learning method. Therefore this paper is written to give a general overview, uncover the possible models in used and technologies that may overcome the needs of online education specifically focused for improving the usage of online educational tools especially with the use of mobile ap-plication for learning itself. The concept of manual for pen and paper reporting can makes the reporting very slow especially in terms of communication and sharing of information. Plus, within the outbreak patterns may will provide inaccurate information and may also late results to be achieved. This paper is discussing model in plan and the implementation proposed with overcome results of the post results questionnaire conducted to get the major feedback on usage of the current proposed app.
在适应大流行病问题的过程中,鼓励马来西亚从小学到大学的教育部门预测可能有助于满足利用在线学习需求的任何具体工具。正是像新冠肺炎这样的全球性疫情给地球上每个人带来的问题,在面对面和正常的日常课程和学习方法上带来了巨大的挑战。因此,本文的目的是给出一个总体概述,揭示可能使用的模型和技术,这些模型和技术可能克服在线教育的需求,特别是针对提高在线教育工具的使用,特别是使用移动应用程序进行学习本身。纸笔报告的手工概念会使报告非常缓慢,特别是在沟通和信息共享方面。此外,在爆发模式中,可能会提供不准确的信息,并且可能会延迟实现结果。本文讨论了计划中的模型和提出的实施方案,并通过对目前提出的应用程序使用情况的主要反馈进行了问卷调查。
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引用次数: 1
Determining the maximum sediment dispersion in an ocean disposal site for dredged material in Buenaventura, Colombia 确定哥伦比亚布埃纳文图拉疏浚材料海洋处置场地的最大沉积物分散
Pub Date : 2020-12-18 DOI: 10.14419/IJET.V9I4.31267
Leydis Villadiego Rojas, Ricardo Daza González, Bladimir Salcedo Castilla
This paper presents an analysis of the affected area at an ocean disposal site, in terms of sediment dispersion, as a consequence of the dis-posal of dredged material from the approach channel for Buenaventura´s Port. The analysis was carried out at three points within Buenaven-tura´s Bay, one located at the authorized disposal site, a second point at a proposed future disposal site and a third point at the Bocana Sector, where the highest tidal velocities are identified. The PTM (Particle Tracking Model) mathematical model was used for this investigation, showing that due to the hydrodynamic conditions, a sediment particle can reach a longer dispersion distance from its original disposal point. Finally, sediment dispersion at the three analysis points were compared in terms of current velocity and maximum displacement.
本文就布埃纳文图拉港进港航道疏浚材料的处置所造成的沉积物分散问题,对海洋处理场的受影响区域进行了分析。分析是在布埃纳文-图拉湾内的三个地点进行的,一个地点在批准的处置地点,第二个地点在拟议的未来处置地点,第三个地点在波卡纳区,在那里确定了最高的潮汐速度。采用PTM (Particle Tracking Model)数学模型进行研究,结果表明,由于水动力条件的影响,泥沙颗粒可以从其原始处置点到达更长的分散距离。最后,比较了三个分析点的流速和最大位移对沉积物弥散的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Implementation and Integration of Fuzzy Algorithms for Descending Stair of KMEI Humanoid Robot KMEI类人机器人下楼梯模糊算法的实现与集成
Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.24003/emitter.v8i2.535
Wulandari Puspita Sari, R. S. Dewanto, D. Pramadihanto
Locomotion of humanoid robot depends on the mechanical characteristic of the robot. Walking on descending stairs with integrated control systems for the humanoid robot is proposed. The analysis of trajectory for descending stairs is calculated by the constrains of step length stair using fuzzy algorithm. The established humanoid robot on dynamically balance on this matter of zero moment point has been pretended to be consisting of single support phase and double support phase. Walking transition from single support phase to double support phase is needed for a smooth transition cycle. To accomplish the problem, integrated motion and controller are divided into two conditions: motion working on offline planning and controller working online walking gait generation. To solve the defect during locomotion of the humanoid robot, it is directly controlled by the fuzzy logic controller. This paper verified the simulation and the experiment for descending stair of KMEI humanoid robot.
仿人机器人的运动取决于机器人本身的机械特性。提出了一种基于集成控制系统的仿人机器人在楼梯上行走。利用模糊算法,在台阶长度约束下进行了楼梯下台阶的轨迹分析。所建立的基于零力矩点的动态平衡仿人机器人被假设为由单支撑相和双支撑相组成。从单支撑阶段到双支撑阶段的步行过渡需要一个平稳的过渡周期。为解决该问题,将运动与控制器集成分为运动工作在离线规划和控制器工作在在线生成步行步态两种情况。为解决人形机器人在运动过程中的缺陷,采用模糊控制器对其进行直接控制。本文对KMEI型人形机器人下楼梯的仿真和实验进行了验证。
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引用次数: 1
Review of wireless body sensor networks 无线身体传感器网络综述
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.14419/IJET.V9I4.31193
Sondous Sulaiman Wali, M. N. Abdullah
Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are emerging as important networks that are applicable in various fields. WBAN gives its users access to body sensor data and resources anywhere in the world with the help of the internet. These sensors offer promising applications in areas such as real-time health monitoring, interactive gaming, and consumer electronics. WBAN does not force the patient to stay in the hospital which saves a lot of physical movement. This paper reviews a review of WBANs. We study the following: prior researches, applications and architectures of WBAN, and compression sensing techniques.
无线体域网络(wban)作为一种重要的网络正在兴起,它可以应用于各个领域。无线宽带网络使用户可以在互联网的帮助下访问世界上任何地方的身体传感器数据和资源。这些传感器在实时健康监测、互动游戏和消费电子产品等领域提供了有前途的应用。无线宽带网络不强迫病人呆在医院,节省了大量的体力活动。本文综述了wban的研究进展。本文主要研究了无线宽带网络的研究现状、应用和结构以及压缩感知技术。
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引用次数: 2
Comparison of seismic provisions of Andean countries 安第斯国家地震规定的比较
Pub Date : 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.14419/IJET.V9I4.31219
Adriana Mattos-Rodríguez, Stevens Barraza, Camilo Verbel Almario
This paper presents a seismic provisions comparison used in the countries of the Andean region. A brief summary of the Andean region seismicity, showing historical seismicity and the probability of earthquake occurrence in each Andean country and the overall zone is pre-sented; then a seismic provisions comparison is presented in tables taking into account the seismic hazard according to the peak ground acceleration, the site effects according to the soil classification and response spectra pseudo-acceleration. Finally, a static analysis of seismic force is carried out for each country in an intermediate-to-high seismic zone, the base design shear force is computed, and the results are compared.
本文介绍了安第斯地区各国地震规定的比较。简要概述了安第斯地区的地震活动性,显示了历史上的地震活动性以及安第斯地区每个国家和整个地区发生地震的概率;在此基础上,根据峰值加速度考虑地震危险性、根据土壤分类考虑场地效应、根据响应谱拟加速度考虑拟加速度,以表形式进行了地震条件对比。最后,对中高地震带各国的地震力进行了静力分析,计算了基础设计剪力,并对结果进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Study on the Numerical Analysis of In-Line Type Separator for Oil-Water Multiphase 油水多相直列式分离器数值分析研究
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2020.v12.1184
Hyunji Kim, GwiNam Kim, Young-Ju Kim, N. Woo, Sunchul Huh
Subsea separation is an attractive and economical solution for the development of deepsea offshore oil and gas fields that generate hydrate or wax-free fluids. The submarine separation system must be able to ensure successful operation over a wide range of multiphase flows. Subsea separators can be an efficient tool to improve hydrocarbon production and avoid or simplify the expensive surface platforms of floating vessels. One of the solutions of interest is separating and reinjecting water from the seabed so that water does not go up to the surface facility. In this study, the liquid-liquid flow characteristics inside the inline subsea separation system were investigated for the design of the subsea separation system. The separation efficiency of the submarine separator is determined through a liquid-liquid phase separation phosphorus experiment. In addition, the internal vortex element (ISE) modeling of the separator has been optimized. The results of the analysis were utilized to improve the reliability and efficiency of the subsea separation system.
对于产生水合物或无蜡流体的深海海上油气田的开发来说,海底分离是一种有吸引力且经济的解决方案。海底分离系统必须能够确保在大范围的多相流中成功运行。海底分离器是提高油气产量的有效工具,可以避免或简化昂贵的浮式钻井平台。我们感兴趣的解决方案之一是从海底分离并重新注入水,这样水就不会上升到地面设施。在本研究中,研究了直列式海底分离系统内部的液-液流动特性,为水下分离系统的设计提供依据。通过液-液相分离磷实验,确定了潜式分离器的分离效率。此外,还对分离器的内涡单元(ISE)建模进行了优化。分析结果被用于提高海底分离系统的可靠性和效率。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Analysis of a Laboratory Carbon Dioxide Absorption Setup Using Aqueous Monoethanolamine Solution 使用单乙醇胺水溶液的实验室二氧化碳吸收装置性能分析
Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.7763/ijet.2020.v12.1185
Naruphol Janwiruch, Thananat Lungkadee, N. Tippayawong
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand is the largest power producer in Thailand, owning and operating power plants at 45 sites across the country. With forthcoming global climate crisis, current effort in improving energy efficiency and adopting alternative sources of energy may not be sufficiently rapid. Post-combustion carbon capture with amine based solutions is a well-established technology and offers a further option in reducing carbon dioxide emissions from existing power plants. In this work, a laboratory-scale, amine based CO2 absorption setup was developed and its performance test was carried out, using Monoethanolamine at 30% concentration handling flue gas conditions similar to those from Mae Moh power plant. The preliminary results revealed high carbon capture efficiency (>97%) could be achieved in a continuous operation.
泰国电力局是泰国最大的电力生产商,在全国45个地点拥有和运营发电厂。随着全球气候危机的到来,目前在提高能源效率和采用替代能源方面的努力可能不够迅速。胺基解决方案的燃烧后碳捕获是一项成熟的技术,为减少现有发电厂的二氧化碳排放提供了进一步的选择。在这项工作中,开发了一个实验室规模的胺基CO2吸收装置,并进行了性能测试,使用浓度为30%的单乙醇胺处理与Mae Moh发电厂相似的烟气条件。初步结果表明,在连续运行的情况下,可以实现较高的碳捕获效率(>97%)。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International journal of engineering and technology
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